Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Said F. Mekhamer
Amany B. Mohamed
IT Department, Egyptian Taxes Authority
Plant Technology
Generation
Cost1 = Fuel
+ Capital
($/ kWh)
Indirect
External
Costs2
($/ kWh)
Total Cost
($/ kWh)
Wind turbine
35
0.10.3
3.15.3
1525
0.51
15.526
810
0.10.3
8.110.3
79
0.23
7.212
Hydro
37
01
3-8
34
215
519
Nuclear
1014
0.21
10.215
Natural Gas
35
14
49
Combined Cycle
57
26
713
Solar
Photovoltaic
Solar Thermal
(concentrated
solar)
Biomass
279
280
6. Soil Conditions
The soil conditions at the site also need to be investigated to
ensure that the turbine foundations, access roads and
construction areas can be provided at reasonable cost. Local
ground conditions may also influence the position of turbines
in order to reduce foundation costs [5]. GIS software can
study geological maps and locate land clusters where the
construction of wind farms is not economical due to
unsuitable soil conditions.
281
282
[14] S. Baban and T. Parry, Developing and Applying a GISAssisted Approach to Locating Wind Farms in the UK,
Renewable Energy, Vol. 24, No. 1, September 2001, pp.
59-71.
[15] R. Kreig Hillring, Wind Energy Potential in Southern
Sweden - Example of Planning Methodology, Renewable
Energy, Vol. 13, No. 4, April 1998, pp. 471-479.
[16] Voivontas, D. Assimacopolous, A. Mourelatos, J.
Corominas, Evaluation of Renewable Energy Potential
Using a GIS Decision Support System, Renewable
Energy, Vol. 13, No. 3, January 1998, pp. 333-344.
[17] D. Heimiller, S. Haymes, M. Schwartz and W. Musial,
Offshore Wind Resource Potential of the United States,
OCEANS 2007, Vancouver, October 2007, pp. 1-8.
283