Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
TABLE OF CONTENTS
S.No
Contents
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Executive Summery:
Hypothesis
Introduction
Objectives
Explanation
Formal Education
Informal Education.
Religious Education.
Career Counseling
Research Methodology
Sampling
Education NGOs In Pakistan
Conclusion.
Critical Analysis
Recommendations
Bibliography.
Teachers Remarks
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Executive summery.
The education system of Pakistan is not in good condition there is very low literacy
rate in Pakistan mostly people do not aware from education the advantages of
education. In Pakistan the poverty rate is very high so most of parents want that
their children do any type of job to earn money and financially help them out.
Government policies are not in the favor of education. The conflict arise that in
Pakistan there is two types of education system first one is Government education
system and the second one is Private education system and there is allot of
difference between these two systems.
Government education system is not costly, poor people can also afford this system
but the standard of government education is very low but the Private education
system is very costly every citizen can not afford private education. Only the
children of rich people can afford private education.
The main problem of inequality of public and private education system from the
last few years there is increase in the growth of private educational institutes which
have caused of discrimination among the students. Regional disparity is an other
problem
Schools of Balochistan is not as groomed as the schools of Punjab. Technical
education is also not concerning in Balochistan. Technical education is not provide
on that level which is required. Educational funds are very low. Ghost schools and
untrained teachers cause flaws in education system of Pakistan. All these issues are
the cause of very low literacy rate in Pakistan.
Education in Pakistan is overseen by the Ministry of Education of
the Government of Pakistan as well as the provincial governments, whereas the
federal government mostly assists in curriculum development, accreditation and in
the financing of research and development. Article 25-A of Constitution of
Pakistan obligates the state to provide free and compulsory quality education to
children of the age group 5 to 16 years. The State shall provide free and
compulsory education to all children of the age of five to sixteen years in such a
manner as may be determined by law.
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Hypothesis.
The major reasons of distressed education system of Pakistan which I discussed
with friends and with educational authorities. They suggest these problems if we
overcome these problems then our education system will be change.
Poverty
Government policies
Lack of awareness in parents and students
Lack of training
Lack of knowledge
Lack of opportunities
Adequate facilities
Low teaching standard
Media can play its role
Schools must be at proper places
Feudalism must be eradicated
Free education
Control the corruption
Women awareness
No politics in the educational sector
Importance of education
Educational system must be changed
Follow our Urdu language in place of English
Introduction.
First we should aware from the word education. What does it means it is the act or
process of imparting or acquiring particular knowledge or skills, as for profession.
We can also say that the process of receiving or giving systematic instruction,
especially at a school or university is said to be education.
The concept of education in Islam is not only getting decent earnings but practicing
it in real life for the betterment of the others. It was as a result of application of
knowledge that Muslims were the superpower of the world for twelve centuries.
Knowledge is the most important thing in ones life. There are two kinds of
knowledge: Religious knowledge and Secular knowledge..both kinds of
knowledges are very important for a human being. Secular for this day to day
dwelling and religious for his smooth life on earth and hereafter.
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Explanation.
Formal Education:
In formal education system, there are a number of stages, which are illustrated in
the diagram and are described briefly below:
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Secondary and Higher Secondary. The degree level examinations are conducted by
the respective universities.
Literacy Rate In Pakistan According To Provence .
Literacy Rate[29]
Province
1972
1981
1998
2012[1]
Punjab
20.7%
27.4%
46.6%
71%
Sindh
30.2%
31.5%
45.3%
69%
Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa
15.5%
16.7%
35.4%
60%
Balochistan
10.1%
10.3%
26.6%
50%
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Literacy rate
It needs tobe highlighted that from census to census the definition of literacy has been undergoing a
change, resultantly the literacy figure has vacillated irregularly during the last 5 census. An update of
the five censuses is as under
Year of
census[29]
1951
19.2%[31] 12.2%[31]
16.4% --
Definition of
Age
being "literate"[29]
group[30]
--
26.9%[31] 8.2%[31]
16.3% 34.8%
10.6%
30.2%
11.6%
21.7% 41.5%
14.3%
1981
35.1%
16.0%
26.2% 47.1%
17.3%
1998
54.8%
32.0%
2004
66.25% 41.75%
54%
71%
44%
[32]
79%
55%
69.66% 84%
above
Age 10 and
Above
Age 10 and
Above
2012[1]
Age 5 and
All Ages
58%
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Age 10 and
Above
Informal Education.
There are millions of people in Pakistan who
have no access to formal education system. It
is not possible for the formal system to meet
educational needs of the rapidly growing
population. Non-formal Basic Education
School scheme has been introduced for those
who have no access to formal education. This
scheme is very cost-effective. Under this scheme primary education course is
taught in forty months. Non-formal schools are opened in those areas where formal
schools are not available. Government provides teachers salary and teaching
material whereas community provides school building/room. There are 6371
NFBE schools functioning in the country.
It is very simple to understand Informal Education as informal means unofficial
and it is called informal education because;
No regular curriculum
Not obligatory
No formal certification
The Government can or can not support the whole program as it is mostly refer to
the social base programs. Mostly education/training or awareness for this purpose
is organized outside of the formally school. Most typically, the term or phrase informal education is used to refer to adult literacy and continuing education for
adults.
Structure
In Pakistan, where the government has failed to raise the level of literacy and
education of its people, new hope is coming from the private sector.
"Baithak" schools have cropped up around the country for the past few years.
These schools teach basic literacy skills to children. There is no fee for admission.
All it requires is for a community to provide a place to hold the class (i.e. in a
home, a room in a community center, etc.) and the organizers of the Baithak
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system will send a part-time teacher for the children. There are currently about
6371 such schools in Pakistan.
The Baithak system is ideal for poorer communities in rural areas, as well as for
children whose parents expect them to work to support their families. These
schools teach children the basic literacy they need. In some cases, the curriculum
of Baithak schools is even better than that found in government or private schools.
Pakistan has a dismal literacy rate of 38 percent. If you divide it up by gender,
males have a 50 percent literacy rate while for females it's 24.4 percent. The 38
percent literacy rate also takes into account all those individuals who can even
write their name. In addition, the total expenditure out of the National Budget
spend on education is a meager 2.5%.
The government has tried to eradicate illiteracy, but government projects for mass
literacy have become administrative and bureaucratic nightmares. This is one of
the reasons why Pakistan hasn't been able to attain its literacy level.
But between the cities and the villages, it is the rural population that suffers the
most. Pakistan's rural population has been largely ignored by efforts at improving
mass literacy. The educational facilities provided by the Pakistani government
have been of a substandard quality with no thought to the people's needs or
advancement.
One can help by paying a Baithak schoolteacher's monthly salary, which comes out
to about $20 US. For $100 one can sponsor five schools, for $200 10 schools, etc.
In this way one will be helping eradicate the sicknesses of literacy from Pakistani
society in a concrete way.
Or one can help provide the location for the school. If he/she know of a village
where few children go to school because they must help support their families by
working, then pay for the establishment of a room or building where these classes
take place.
Of course, there is nothing wrong with supporting an existing organization that is
establishing Baithak schools. In fact, this would be a better idea since one could
bypass all of the organizational and managerial costs one would incur if he/she was
doing this on his/her own.
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One organization at the forefront of the Baithak school movement is the Karachibased Society for Educational Welfare. They have a network of schools in three
provinces: Sindh, Punjab and NWFP. On their website, they have an online
donation process.
Another way one can help is by becoming a teacher in one of Baithak schools. In
fact, SEW encourages individuals to not only help out financially, but also to teach
in their schools or better yet, join their team in Pakistan.
Promoting Informal Education
Mostly this sort of Education, Programs, training needs cost and mostly are being
supported by international organization like World Bank, UNICEF, Red Cross, etc.
Now there is a problem as these organization has their own philosophy and
according to the World Bank, they emphasis that formal education is most essential
and thus illiteracy can be eliminated in a generation or next coming one.
According to others they think that there is more need to work on In-formal
Education because deprived families and children can be accommodated through
the informal education programs. And it will help to reduce illiteracy's percentage.
Religious Education
Also known as Madrassah
Education. Side by side with
modern education system there is
also religious education system,
which provides Islamic
education. These institutions
have their own management
system without interference from
either the provincial or federal
governments. However, grantsin-aid are provided to these
institutions by the government. During 2000 there were 6761 religious institutions
with an enrollment of 934,000, of which 132,000 were female students in 448
institutions. Efforts have been made by the present government to bring the
Madrassah in the mainstream under Education Sector Reforms. The main purpose
of mainstreaming Madrassah is to enlarge employment opportunities for their
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Career Counseling:
Today biggest problem in Pakistan is that student
doesnt know what to do next in his life so he
goes to undirected path and fails in life. There
should be people for career counseling of children
so that they could get to know that what
they have to do in future.
These people should be appointed in both Govt.
and private sectors. Parents should also understand what a child wants to do in life
and they should not impose their decisions on children.
Lets suppose sometimes a child wants to be a doctor but parents try to impose that
he should must become an engineer or sometimes Child wants to become an
Engineer but parents impose that he should become Doctor.
In such cases child loses his heart and stops hard work and passion in his studies
and Try to start Cramming and at the end of the day he becomes a failed person.
Research Methodology.
In Pakistan the education system is in very bad situation from the beginning the
government of Pakistan did not take any serious action on the improvement of
education and the education system becomes the most horrible with the passage of
time. According to the UNESCO the international organization of United Nations
completed their survey in that survey Pakistan ranks 113th among 120 countries
which are registered with United Nations regarding literacy rate, which is projected
to reach 60 percent till 2015 from the existing 55 percent in 2013.
Comparison between the literacy rate of Pakistan and India according to the
UNESCO.
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Conclusion.
Education is very important for the development of Pakistan as well as for
improving human capital. The current Pakistan education system has failed to meet
the needs and objectives of society. However, private education sector is
significantly playing its role for the betterment of the education system.
The education system of Pakistan is divided into main five categories; primary,
middle, high, intermediate and university level. Pakistan education system is
managed by the ministry of education and the provincial governments while the
federal government mostly helps in curriculum development, accreditation and in
research funding. The literacy rate in Pakistan ranges from 87% in Islamabad to
20% in province Balochistan. In Pakistan, literacy rates vary from region to region
and by gender. On top of that, Pakistan makes around 445,000 university graduates
every year, out of which 10,000 are computer science graduates.
The Government of Pakistan should have to take some serious action towards the
betterment of educational system. Government should run schools that educate
majority of children; it needs significant reforms and a significant increase in
resources. We can improve the education ministration by decentralization of
decision making. The current Pakistan educational system is highly centralized and
it is clearly understood that the basic education system is better provided in a
system that is controlled at the district levels. A highly centralized system is not
effective to meet the local needs. The government interferes with the flow of
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resources and information. High level administrators have less time to devote to
important issues like education design, implementation and monitoring.
Furthermore, it is very important to provide better support to supervision and
coordination of the school systems at the district and provincial level. By key
planning and management, central level education organizations can focus on
policy-making resource management and regulation.
Proper implementation of comprehensive literacy program, development of
primary elementary education, improving the quality of education and fostering
private partnerships are a few initiatives that must be taken to improve and revamp
the Pakistan education system.
Critical Analysis:
1.
2.
3.
4.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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3.
4.
5.
The clear-cut areas should be carved out for each of the layer of the
education system.
6.
7.
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