Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
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Moisture Basics
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QuickTime and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
ar e needed to see this picture.
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Size
Water
H2O
18
1.3 - 1.77
Methane
CH4
16
2.6
Benzene
C6H6
78
5.68
Methanol
CH3OH
32
2.9
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Vapor
Van der Waal Forces
Liquid Water
Hydrogen bonding
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The process of evaporation in a closed container will proceed until there are as many
molecules returning to the liquid as there are escaping. At this point the vapor is said to
be saturated, and the pressure of that vapor (usually expressed in mmHg) is called the
saturated vapor pressure.
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10
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11
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q
q
PV=nRT
P Pressure
V Volume
n Number of moles of gas
R Gas Constant
T Absolute Temperature
12
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If there are n gases, the total pressure is the sum of the partial
pressures of the n gases
P(t) = P(1) + P(2) + .. +P(n)
All the n gases act independently from each other, as if the other
gases did not exist!
So in the atmosphere (14.7 psia) made up of primary nitrogen and
oxygen
P(atm) = P(nitrogen) + P(oxygen) + P(H2O) .. +P(n)
16
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17
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As the atmosphere heats during the day, the moisture equilibrium in all
materials changes as increased thermal energy increases evaporation
rates. This occurs indoors as well as in external systems. The extent of
the fluctuations depends on the wetted materials.
Moisture is everywhere.
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These are not linear conversions; ppm to dew point is logarithmic, lbs H2O/
MMCF is a density measurement, dew point is pressure dependent etc. This
means that the accuracy statements between units needs to be recalcualted
based on dew point.
21
190
10.00
180
9.00
8.00
170
7.00
160
6.00
150
ppmv
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5.00
140
4.00
130
3.00
120
110
100
ppmv is a concentration
measurement whereas lbs
H2O/MMCF is density
2.00
1.00
0.00
l
b
s
/
M
M
C
F
ppmV
LBS MMCF
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Joule Thomson
effect in PA; 2012.
Note insulation and
the regulator still
froze up.
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Brass regulators,
Also consider the
diurnal effects on
the standards and
the stream
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