Research paper

On
High accidents ratio in pakistan
Submitted To:
Submitted By:

Prof.Abad Ali
Genious Group

Subject:Quantitative Techniques
In Business
Leader
Tayyba Jameel
02

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Members
Zeeshan Ali

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Muhammad
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Adnan

M.Aamir

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Khurram Shahzad
Roll#MBAP-F13Sajid Imran
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Superior University Okara Campus

REASONS FOR HIGH ACCIDENTS RATIO IN PAKISTAN

Abstract
Every day many people are killed and injured on our roads. Men, women, children, biking
or riding to school or work, playing in the streets or setting out on long trips, will never
return home, leaving behind shattered families and communities. Road traffic injuries are a
growing public health issue. Main causes which are found behind these road accidents are
lack of training institutes, unskilled drivers, poor road conditions, use of cell phone during
driving, use of intoxicants,break failure, over loading and poor performance of government
in this regard. If these issues are tackled in a manner way then it can positively affect the
social and economic conditions of the residents of developing countries.
Key Words: Public Health ,Traffic Accidents, Road Accidents

Objectives

To provide traffic rules knowledge

To identify causes of accidents
To reduce high speed driving

Variables
Dependent variables
Accident
Road condition
Speed
Over loading
Negligency

Independent variables
Traffic rules
Infrastructure
Driver
Condition of vahicle
Awareness

Introduction
Accident can be defined as "an unanticipated and detrimental event, a misfortune
unexpectedand with no obvious cause." Exactingly speaking, a large amount of accidents
are notaccidents by any means. They are clashes that might and must have been evaded.
There are alot of diverse kinds of traffic accidents that consequence in severe personal
damages andfatalities.
A rear-impact car accident can take place while one car hits the car in face of it from back.
Generally, these accidents come about when first car does not stop in time to avoid striking
the second car. Insurance policies typically always put guilt on the car that bang into another
car for issues of driving distance and rashness. A side-impact accident comprises any
accidentwhere one car strikes the side of second car.
A head-on accident is when one vehicle front strikes another vehicle front or a fixed entity.
This occurs when one vehicle enters a lane on the opposite side . This can
also ensue when a car come into a thruway, driveway or one-way street from the wrong
route.
A rollover accident is when a car turns over on top of either the side or the top of the car.
The

key reason is turning harshly while speeding. Giant vehicles, like SUVs or trucks, are more
possibly to flip over than smaller cars.
A runoff accident is when a car runs off of the street and generally just one car involves.
This
comes about normally when the driver is not giving concentration or when veering is
concerned with the intention of avoids striking another car or animal in the path. However,
there are many causes of these accidents. Traffic Accidents can be caused by equipment
breakdown. The main referred forms of
equipment malfunction are brake fails, tire blowouts and steering or suspension breakdown.
Thats why producers are requisite by regulation to plan and engineer vehicles that
congregate a
least security benchmark.
Roadway preservation may be the reason of some motor vehicle casualties, although not to
the
echelon that some drivers exploit it as a justification. Unluckily safeguarding agendas and
measures differ to a great extent from town to town and area to area, so nationally principles
don't subsist. Some mistakes happen when a driver becomes inattentive, maybe by a
telephone
call or a drip cup of tea. Over speeding is surely a cause of mostly accidents as the faster the
pace of a vehicle, the higher the hazard of a mishap.

Literature Review
According to Gulzar.S, Yahya F AT all2012rashness and in attentiveness and the increase
in number of vehicales are the causes of road accidents.
According to Khan1A Mand Tehreem22012 A lack of awerness and lover loading is the
main and major cause of accidents in Pakistan
Agyemang B1, Dr . Abledu G K2013, Semevoh R they worked on the cause of road
accident and find that population is the main cause of accidents in that area.
Singh.H and Aghrawal A.D ,2014 says today increasing ratio of accidents is due to the
under age driving. The children should be prevented from driving.They should be separated
from high ways and should go to playgrounds rather than roads.
According to Royal Society,2001 most of the accidents are occur due to the sleeping of
drivers.When they are sleep or tired or may fatigued then the road accidents
prevaile.Thousend road accidents are due to this major problem.
Scafer .H.B and Lnger F.M,2008 says the most of accidents are due to the negligence and
carelessness of the drivers. They shoul strictly follow the rules of roads and then drive.
According to Taylor.M.C, Lynam D.A and Baruya.A421 the more accidents are occred due
to the high speed driving in the urben areas and rural as well.The high speed is the cause of
death and injuries also.

Miller .F.D and Micheal .H.L,1962 says mostly accidents are takes place whaile crossing
schools and colleges because there are many students at the roads whaile opening or ending
time of institutions.
According toVasconcellos, Eduardo Alcntara,1999the road accidents are the major cause of
injuries and deaths because the accidents ratio is higher due to the illegle use of vhicles and
cars .The accidents are due to the rash driving behavior of driver.
Maelets. P,2009 says The road accidents are due to the rude behavior of people . The
drivers often try to takeover the other one. In this way they often make accidents and cause
of deaths .The accidents can only be reduse by measures.
According toVasconcellos, Eduardo Alcntara de,2013 The expension use of motorcycles in
country is the great cause of accidents, When the accident occurs the result may be death at
the spot and many families may lose their loved ones.
Young .B and Li .y,2006 says the road accidents are occurred due to the male drivers
having age of 35 to 44 and in the age of 55 years old in night times.The traffic authorities
should take measures to avoid from driving by old males.
According to Garber,2002 and at all the mostly accidents are takes place in the activity
areas or in working areas due to rush problems. Another problem is that which causes night
time accidents is lake of lightings in the work zones.So these should be improve.
Austrilian road safty department,2013says that mostly drivers think that they have high
driving skills but there is a problem of lake of safty skills. So this overconfident in their
skills makes accidents on roads and the result is death.
According to Austrilian Transport department,2002 bad fuel is the cause is the cause of
accidents because sometimes it make vhicles condition bad.

Research Methodology
The research design based on questionnaire method the sampling unit selected for this study
are the male and female. The studies are based upon rural and urban area of district Okara. A
simple random sampling technique is use to collect the date. The collection of data depends
upon the groups involving 6 members. The entire member collects data individually and 40
random samples are included and there is no missing observation there.

Data Analysis
Levels
Stress and depression is there a link?

2-value
22.600

p-value
0.000

Significance
significant

There is a cause of death by late arrival in

hospital?
Is blood availability is easy in hospital?
Emergency tools are good?
Is the attitude is good towards serious case?
In case of injury facility to operate in small city?
Is proper staff is available in hospital in time?
Are all medicines available in hospital at the time
of operation?
Coordination between different specialists doctors
in hospital during emergency?
High cost operation facility is available?
Coordination between emergency sevices and
hospital?
Is there energy or electricity problem in hospital?
Accidents due to women driving?
Usage of mobile during driving is the cause of
accident?
Do you found high speed is the cause of
accidents?
Break Failure is the cause of accident?
Negligence is the cause of accidents?
Usage of drugs is the cause of accidents?
Do you operate traffic system efficiently?
Is the break failure is the cause of accidents?
Overloading is the cause of accidents?
Worst condition of vehicles is the cause of
accidents?
Do you take good response from public after
accidents?
Do you find difficulties for reaching at the place
of accidents?
Is your communication is good in the area of
operation?
Do you have proper equipment when reach at the
place of accident?
Have you facility to take the patient in other city
for treatment?
Is there facility to operate in ambulance?
Uder age driving is found at roads?

Interpretition

8.400a

.038

significant

27.000a
31.250b
25.750b
39.250b
14.000b
34.200a

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.007
0.000

significant
significant
significant
significant
significant
significant

4.250b

0.373

insignificant

29.500b
7.250b

0.000
0.123

significant
significant

33.000b
17.800a
35.600a

0.000
0.000
0.000

significant
significant
significant

20.000a

0.000

significant

26.600a
16.850c
35.150c
30.200a
13.000a
27.000a
41.250b

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.005
0.000
0.000

Significant
Significant
Significant
significant
significant
significant
significant

26.600c

0.000

significant

8.400a

0.038

significant

17.150c

0.000

significant

76.750b

0.000

significant

36.000a

0.000

significant

14.976d
31.400a

0.005
0.000

significant
significant

CONCLUSION
T O SUM UP ABOVE .The main reason of traffic accidents is due to lack of awareness
about rules and regulation, so there is need of institutes for awareness about these rules.
Government may create awareness in public by offering different courses in educational
institutes and also distribute some material for drivers and for general public also.
Government needs to make some core courses/ training before the provision of license and
traffic police should keep strong check and balance in this regard.
Another problem which causes road accidents is overloading, use of cell phone during
driving and drugs addiction by majority of the drivers. These all issues can be solved by
creating awareness and by applying some penalty to defaulters. These are not serious issues
and easily solved by the strong system of check and balance by any administrative authority.
By overcoming on these causes we can save a lot of benefits in the shape of monetary and
non-monetary terms
In a nut shell, we say that road accidents are playing prominent role in the families of
victims of traffic accidents which is the loss of property on one side while death of humanity
is on the other hand. These both can through a family into a vicious circle of poverty and
then it impacts on the overall economy. So need of the day is to take some encouraging steps
by public side and individuals side also.

REFERENCES
Rescue 1122
Highway and motorway police

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