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2011

SUPERVISOR TO ATTACH PROCESSING LABEL HERE

STUDENT NUMBER

Letter

Figures
Words

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Section

Number of
questions

Number of questions
to be answered

A
B

20
5

20
5

Number of
marks

20
70
Total 90

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Question 5
Environmentalists argue that the change to natural gas from coal will be in accord with the Kyoto Protocol.
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B. encourages the use of renewable energy sources.
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D. encourages the use of energy sources that will not damage the ozone layer.
Question 6
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A.
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B.
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D. 2700 kW
The following information relates to Questions 79.
A variety of solar cells are available for use by home owners for the production of electricity. The energy output of these
cells depends on a number of factors. These factors include
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C. the size and number of cells used to collect the sunlight.
D. how effectively the cell produces electricity from the sunlight available.

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Question 2
a.
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2011 ENVSC EXAM 1

Question 5
An ecologist, Anna, is analysing data on the waterbirds that occur at different types of wetlands. The table below shows
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Species

5 Shallow wetlands (A) 5 Deep wetlands (B) Unknown wetland (C)

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Grey Teal

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Purple Swamphen

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Eurasian Coot
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indicates species is present

Anna decides to use Jaccards index to compare the unknown wetland with each of the other types. Jaccards index
provides a measure of the similarity between communities.
Communities that have high similarity have high values of the index.
Jaccards index of similarity (Si) between two communities is calculated as
Si =

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species that occurred in both wetland types and a total of ten species in these two wetland types combined. Consequently,
Jaccards index is 4/10 = 0.40.
a. Using Jaccards index, calculate the similarity between the waterbird communities of the unknown wetland and
each of the shallow and deep wetlands.
Unknown and shallow

Unknown and deep

4 marks
SECTION B Question 5 continued
TURN OVER

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