Designation: A 475 03

Standard Specification for

Zinc-Coated Steel Wire Strand1

This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 475; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers five grades of zinc-coated,
steel wire strand, composed of a number of round, steel wires,
with four weights of zinc coatings, suitable for use as guys,
messengers, span wires, and for similar purposes.
1.2 The five grades covered are as follows:
1.2.1 Utilities,
1.2.2 Common,
1.2.3 Siemens-Martin,
1.2.4 High-Strength, and
1.2.5 Extra High-Strength.
1.2.6 Minimum breaking strengths of strand for each grade
are described in Section 7.
1.3 The four weights of zinc coatings are: Class 1 and
Classes A, B, and C. Minimum weights of zinc coatings are
described in Section 10.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as the standard. The values given in brackets are for information only.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards: 2
A 90/A 90M Test Method for Weight [Mass] of Coating on
Iron and Steel Articles with Zinc or Zonc-Alloy Coatings
A 902 Terminology Relating to Metallic Coated Steel Products
B 6 Specification for Zinc
3. Terminology
3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to Terminology A 902.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 strandthe designation of the finished strand shall be
expressed as the nominal diameter of the strand, the number of
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A05 on
Metallic Coated Iron and Steel Products and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee A05.12 on Wire Specifications.
Current edition approved October 1, 2003. Published December 2003. Originally
approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as A 475 - 98.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.

the wires in the strand, the minimum breaking strength of the

strand (see Section 7), and the class of coating (see Section 10).
4. Ordering Information
4.1 Orders for material under this specification shall include
the following information:
4.1.1 Quantity of strand in feet,
4.1.2 Nominal strand diameter, number of wires, grade, and
minimum breaking strength of strand (Section 7 and Table 1),
4.1.3 Weight (class) of zinc coating (Section 10 and Table
2),
4.1.4 Length of strand in coils or on reels (Section 18), and
4.1.5 ASTM designation and year of issue.
5. Materials and Manufacture
5.1 The base metal shall be steel made by any commercially
accepted steel making process and of such quality and purity
that, when drawn to the size of wire specified and coated with
zinc, the finished strand and the individual wires shall be of
uniform quality and have the properties and characteristics as
prescribed in this specification.
5.2 The slab zinc, when used for the coating, shall be any
grade of zinc conforming to Specification B 6.
6. Stranding
6.1 Unless otherwise specified, strand shall have a left lay. A
left lay is defined as a counter-clockwise twist away from the
observer. All wires shall be stranded with uniform tension.
Stranding shall be sufficiently close to ensure no appreciable
reduction in diameter when stressed to 10 % of the minimum
breaking strength.
6.2 The 3-wire strand shall consist of three wires concentrically twisted with a uniform pitch of not less than 14 nor
more than 203 the specified nominal diameter of the strand.
6.3 The 7-wire strand shall consist of a center wire with a
6-wire layer concentrically twisted over it with a uniform pitch
of not more than 163 the specified nominal diameter of the
strand.
6.4 The 19-wire strand shall consist of a center wire with a
6-wire layer concentrically twisted over it, having a right lay
and a uniform pitch of not more than 163 the nominal
diameter of this 7-wire core. The nominal diameter of this
7-wire core shall be considered to be 33 the nominal diameter

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.

Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

1
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7
19
7
19
7

19
19
19
19
37

[12.70]
[12.70]
[14.29]
[14.29]
[15.88]

[15.88]
[19.05]
[22.22]
[25.40]
[25.40]

[28.58]
[31.75]

12

58

1 1 8
1 1 4

[2.64]
[2.77]
[4.19]
[3.05]
[3.68]

[3.05]
[3.05]
[2.03]
[3.30]
[2.36]
[3.68]

[1.04]
[1.32]
[1.57]
[1.65]
[2.64]
[1.83]

[3.18]
[3.81]
[4.50]
[5.08]
[3.63]

0.161 [4.09]
0.179 [4.55]

0.125
0.150
0.177
0.200
0.143

0.165 [4.19]
0.100 [2.54]
0.188 [4.78]
0.113 [2.87]
0.207 [5.26]

0.104
0.109
0.165
0.120
0.145

0.120
0.120
0.080
0.130
0.093
0.145

0.041
0.052
0.062
0.065
0.104
0.072

Nominal
Diameter
of Coated
Wires in
Strand,
in. [mm]

796
155
581
073
057

2 691
3 248

1
1
2
2

517
504
671
637
813

205
225
220
273
399

117
117
121
137
164
171

32
51
73
80
88
98

[4010]
[4840]

[1186]
[1721]
[2356]
[3089]
[3065]

[770]
[751]
[1000]
[949]
[1211]

[305]
[335]
[328]
[407]
[595]

[174]
[174]
[180]
[204]
[244]
[255]

[48]
[76]
[109]
[119]
[131]
[146]

Approximate
Weight of
Strand,
lb/1000
ft [kg/
km]

...
[26.689]
[37.810]
[51.155]
[80.068]
(1)B
(3)B
(4)B
(4)B

...
...

...
...
...
...
...

25 000 [111.206] (4)B

...
...
...
...

000
500
500
000

36 000 [160.136]
44 600 [198.391]

11 000 [48.930]
16 000 [71.172]
21 900 [97.416]
28 700 [127.664]
28 300 [125.885]

400 [32.917]
620 [33.895]
600 [42.703]
640 [42.881]
600 [51.599]

100 [53.823]
700 [56.492]
700 [69.837]
100 [71.616]
100 [84.961]

58 900 [262.000]
73 000 [324.720]

18 100 [80.513]
26 200 [116.543]
35 900 [159.691]
47 000 [209.066]
46 200 [205.508]

12
12
15
16
19

5 350 [23.798]
...
5 560 [24.732]
6 950 [30.915]
9 350 [41.591]

3 200 [14.234]
...
3 330 [14.813]
4 250 [18.905]
5 700 [25.355]

6
8
11
18
7
7
9
9
11

3 040 [13.523]
...
3 150 [14.012]
3 380 [15.035]
4 250 [18.905]
4 090 [18.193]

1 860 [8.274]
...
1 900 [8.452]
2 080 [9.252]
2 570 [11.432]
2 490 [11.076]

(2)B
(3)B
(1)B
(3)B

910 [4.048]
1 470 [6.539]
1 900 [8.452]
...
2 340 [10.409]
2 560 [11.387]

540 [2.402]
870 [3.870]
1 150 [5.115]
...
1 400 [6.228]
1 540 [6.850]

...
...
...
2 400 [10.676] (1)B
...
...
3 150 [14.012]
4 500 [20.017]
...
...
4 600 [20.462]
6 500 [28.913]

SiemensMartin
Grade

100 [124.995]
800 [181.487]
800 [248.211]
200 [325.610]
900 [319.827]
91 600 [407.457]
113 600 [505.318]

28
40
55
73
71

18 800 [83.627]
19 100 [84.961]
24 500 [108.981]
24 100 [107.202]
29 600 [131.667]

8 000 [35.586]
...
8 360 [37.187]
10 800 [48.040]
14 500 [64.499]

4 730 [21.040]
...
4 750 [21.129]
5 260 [23.398]
6 400 [28.469]
6 350 [28.246]

1 330 [5.916]
2 140 [9.519]
2 850 [12.677]
...
3 500 [15.569]
3 850 [17.126]

HighStrength
Grade

Minimum Breaking Strength of Strand, lbf [kN]

Common
Grade

Utilities GradeA

The utilities grade is used principally by communication and power and light industries.
Refer to elongation requirements specified in Section 8.

34

7 8
1
1

58

9 16

9 16

12

7 16

38

38

5 16

37
37

7
7
3
7
7

[7.94]
[7.94]
[9.52]
[9.52]
[11.11]

5 16

14

14

3
3
7
3
7
3

7
7
7
7
3
7

[6.35]
[6.35]
[6.35]
[7.14]
[7.14]
[7.94]

[3.18]
[3.97]
[4.76]
[4.76]
[5.56]
[5.56]

Number
of Wires
in Strand

1 4
932
932
516

3 16

5 32

18

316
732
732

Nominal
Diameter
of Strand,
in. [mm]

NOTE 1The numbers in boldface type indicate sizes and grades most commonly used and readily available.

TABLE 1 Physical Properties of Zinc-Coated Steel Wire Strand

200
300
700
500
700

[178.819]
[259.331]
[354.523]
[464.839]
[456.832]

900 [119.657]
700 [118.768]
000 [155.688]
700 [149.905]
400 [188.605]

130 800 [581.827]

162 200 [721.502]

40
58
79
104
102

26
26
35
33
42

11 200 [49.820]
...
11 800 [52.489]
15 400 [68.503]
20 800 [92.523]

6 740 [29.981]
...
6 650 [29.581]
7 500 [33.362]
8 950 [39.812]
9 100 [40.479]

1 830 [8.140]
2 940 [13.078]
3 990 [17.748]
...
4 900 [21.796]
5 400 [24.020]

Extra HighStrength
Grade

A 475 03

A 475 03
TABLE 2 Nominal Diameters and Minimum Weights of Coating
for Zinc-Coated Steel WiresA
Nominal Diameter of Coated
Wire in the
Strand, in.
[mm]

Minimum Weight of Coating, oz/ft2 [g/m2] of Uncoated Wire

Surface
Class 1B

Class AC

Class BD

Class CD

0.041
0.052
0.062
0.065
0.072

[1.04]
[1.32]
[1.57]
[1.65]
[1.83]

0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15

[46]
[46]
[46]
[46]
[46]

0.40
0.40
0.50
0.50
0.50

[122]
[122]
[153]
[153]
[153]

0.80
0.80
1.00
1.00
1.00

[244]
[244]
[305]
[305]
[305]

1.20
1.20
1.50
1.50
1.50

[366]
[366]
[458]
[458]
[458]

0.080
0.093
0.100
0.104
0.109

[2.03]
[2.36]
[2.54]
[2.64]
[2.77]

0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30

[92]
[92]
[92]
[92]
[92]

0.60
0.70
0.70
0.80
0.80

[183]
[214]
[214]
[244]
[244]

1.20
1.40
1.40
1.60
1.60

[366]
[427]
[427]
[488]
[488]

1.80
2.10
2.10
2.40
2.40

[549]
[641]
[641]
[732]
[732]

0.113 [2.87]
0.120 [3.05]
0.125 [3.18]
0.130 [3.30]
0.143 [3.63]
0.145 [3.68]

0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.40
0.40

[92]
[92]
[92]
[92]
[122]
[122]

0.80
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.90
0.90

[244]
[259]
[259]
[259]
[275]
[275]

1.60
1.70
1.70
1.70
1.80
1.80

[488]
[519]
[519]
[519]
[549]
[549]

2.40
2.55
2.55
2.55
2.70
2.70

[732]
[778]
[778]
[778]
[824]
[824]

0.150
0.161
0.165
0.177
0.179

0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40

[122]
[122]
[122]
[122]
[122]

0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90

[275]
[275]
[275]
[275]
[275]

1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80

[549]
[549]
[549]
[549]
[549]

2.70
2.70
2.70
2.70
2.70

[824]
[824]
[824]
[824]
[824]

[3.81]
[4.09]
[4.19]
[4.50]
[4.55]

0.188 [4.78]
0.200 [5.08]
0.207 [5.26]

0.40 [122]
0.40 [122]
0.40 [122]

1.00 [305]
1.00 [305]
1.00 [305]

2.00 [610]
2.00 [610]
2.00 [610]

3.00 [915]
3.00 [915]
3.00 [915]

A
For intermediate sizes of wire in the strand, the weight designations are the
same as for the next finer size shown in this table.
B
Class 1 (formerly galvanized) coating applies to common grade of strand
only.
C
Class A, extra galvanized and double galvanized are equivalent terms.
D
Class A, Class B, and Class C coatings apply to all grades of strand.

of the wires. A 12-wire outer layer, having a left lay shall be

concentrically twisted over the 7-wire core and shall have a
uniform pitch of not more than 163 the specified nominal
diameter of the strand.
6.5 The 37-wire strand shall consist of a center wire with a
6-wire layer concentrically twisted over it, having a left lay and
a uniform pitch of not more than 163 the nominal diameter of
this 7-wire inner core. The nominal diameter of this 7-wire
inner core shall be considered to be 33 the nominal diameter
of the wire. An intermediate layer of 12 wires having a right lay
shall be concentrically twisted over this 7-wire core and shall
have a uniform pitch of not more than 163 the nominal
diameter of this 19-wire core. The nominal diameter of this
19-wire core shall be considered as 53 the nominal diameter of
the wires. An 18-wire outer layer, having a left lay shall be
concentrically twisted over the 19-wire core and shall have a
uniform pitch of not more than 163 the specified nominal
diameter of the strand.
6.6 All wires in the strand shall lie naturally in their true
positions in the completed strand and, when the strand is cut,
the ends shall remain in position or be readily replaced by hand
and then remain in position. This may be accomplished by any
means or process, such as preforming, post forming, or form
setting.

7. Breaking Strength and Weight

7.1 The approximate weight per unit length of strand and
the minimum breaking strength of the finished strand shall be
as specified in Table 1.
7.2 A test in which the breaking strength is below the
minimum specified and which may have been caused by the
slipping of the specimen in the jaws of the testing machine, by
breaking within the jaws or within 1 in. [25.4 mm] of the jaws,
or by the improper socketing of a specimen shall be disregarded and another sample from the same coil or reel shall be
tested. Tests shall be made on lengths of strand that do not
contain wire joints or splices.
8. Elongation
8.1 The elongation of the strand in 24 in. [610 mm] shall be
not less than that specified in Table 3.
8.2 The elongation shall be determined as the percent
increase in separation between the jaws of the testing machine
from the position after application of the initial load to the
position at the initial failure in the test specimen. The separation of the jaws of the testing machine shall be approximately
2 ft when under an initial load equal to 10 % of the required
minimum breaking strength of the strand. The elongation
values shall be recorded only for specimens which break over
1 in. from the jaws of the testing machine. Additional samples
shall be taken from the same coil or reel when the previous
tests are to be disregarded.
8.3 Elongation tests shall be made on lengths of strand
which do not contain wire joints or splices.
9. Ductility of Steel
9.1 The zinc-coated wire shall not fracture when wrapped at
a rate not exceeding 15 turns/min in a close helix of at least 2
turns around a cylindrical mandrel. The mandrel diameter for
testing common and Siemens-Martin grade strand shall be
equal to the nominal diameter of the individual wires of the
strand. The mandrel diameter for utilities, high-strength, and
extra high-strength grade strand, shall be equal to 33 the
nominal diameter of the individual wires of the strand.
10. Weight of Coating
10.1 The weight of zinc coating shall not be less than that
specified in Table 2.
10.2 The weight of the zinc coating shall be determined by
a stripping test in accordance with Test Method A 90/A 90M.
11. Adherence of Coating
11.1 The zinc-coated wire shall be capable of being
wrapped at a rate not exceeding 15 turns/min in a close helix
TABLE 3 Elongation Requirements for Grades of Strand
Grade of Strand

Utilities
Utilities
Utilities
Utilities
A

Grade
Grade
Grade
Grade

(1)A
(2)A
(3)A
(4)A

Elongation in 24
in. [610 mm],
min, %
and
and
and
and

Common Strand
Siemens-Martin
High-Strength
Extra High-Strength

See Table 1, Footnote B.

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8
5
4

A 475 03
of at least two turns around a cylindrical mandrel equal to 33
the nominal diameter of the wire under test, without cracking
or delaminating the zinc coating to such an extent that any zinc
can be removed by rubbing with the bare fingers. Loosening or
detachment during the adhesion test of superficial small
particles of zinc formed by mechanical polishing of the surface
of zinc-coated wire shall not be considered cause for rejection.
12. Joints and Splices
12.1 Electric-welded butt joints made prior to the start of
cold drawing of the wire are permitted; however, no electricwelded butt joints shall be made during the cold drawing
operation. Electric-welded butt joints of the wire shall be
permitted only as specified in 12.2.
12.2 In 3-wire strand, there shall be no joints made in the
individual finished wire. In 7-wire strand, joints made in
individual finished wires shall be acceptable provided there is
not more than one joint in any 150-ft [45.7-m] section of the
completed strand and the location of each joint is marked on
the strand with paint or some other distinguishing mark.
Factory joints made in the individual finished wires of 19 and
37-wire strand shall be kept well spaced and at a minimum in
number.
12.3 Joints in the wires composing the strand shall be either
the brazed-lap type or electric-butt-welded type. When the
brazed type of joint is used, the length of the lap shall be not
less than 33 the diameter of the wire and the overlapping faces
shall be smooth, clean, properly fluxed, and completely covered by the brazing metal. When the electric-welded type of
joint is used, care shall be taken to prevent injury to the wire
during electric-butt welding. All joints shall be well made and
shall be coated with zinc after completion so that the joints
shall have protection from corrosion equivalent to that of the
zinc-coated wire itself.
12.4 There shall be no strand joints or strand splices in any
length of the completed strand unless specifically permitted by
the purchaser.
13. Permissible Variations in Size
13.1 The diameter of the zinc-coated wire forming the
strand specified in Table 1 shall be within the limits prescribed
in Table 4.
14. Workmanship
14.1 The zinc-coated wire shall be free of imperfections not
consistent with good commercial practice. The coating shall be
continuous and reasonably uniform.
TABLE 4 Permissible Variations in Diameter of Individual ZincCoated WiresA
Nominal Diameter of Coated Wires
in the Strand, in. [mm]
0.041
0.061
0.091
0.121

to 0.060 [1.04 to 1.52]

to 0.090 [1.55 to 2.29]
to 0.120 [2.31 to 3.05]
and over [3.07 and over]

Permissible Variations,
6in. [mm]
0.002
0.003
0.004
0.005

[0.05]
[0.08]
[0.10]
[0.13]

A
It is recognized that the surfaces of heavy zinc coatings, particularly those
produced by hot galvanizing, are not perfectly smooth and devoid of irregularities.
If the tolerances shown in Table 4 are rigidly applied to such irregularities that are
inherent to the product, unjustified rejections of wire that would actually be
satisfactory for use could occur. Therefore, it is intended that these tolerances be
used in gaging the uniform areas of the galvanized wire.

15. Sampling
15.1 Sampling for determination of compliance to this
specification shall be performed on each lot of material. A lot
shall consist of all the strand of one size and one grade in each
shipment. The number of samples to be taken shall be as
follows:
5000 ft [1524 m] or less
Over 5000 to 30 000 ft [1524 to 9144 m]
Over 30 000 to 150 000 ft [9144 to 45 720 m]
Over 150 000 ft [45 720 m]

Number of
Samples
1
2
3
4

15.2 Each sample taken shall be subjected to all tests

prescribed in Sections 6, 7, and 8.
15.3 In addition to the strand testing in 15.2, the individual
wires shall be tested. The number of individual wires to be
selected from each sample of strand and tested to determine
compliance with Sections 9, 10, 11, and 13 shall be as follows:
3-wire strand3 wires
7-wire strand4 wires
19-wire strand3 wires from each layer (total of 6 wires)
37-wire strand3 wires from each layer (total of 9 wires)
15.3.1 Individual wire samples selected for compliance to
Section 13 shall be discarded if any distortion of the wire
occurred during the stranding operation.
15.4 Instead of testing the wires from the completed strand
in accordance with 15.3, the producer may elect to establish
compliance with Sections 9, 10, 11, and 13 of this specification
by tests made on the wires prior to stranding, unless otherwise
stipulated by the purchaser. However, if the producer makes
this election, the purchaser still reserves the right to test wires
from the completed strand for compliance.
16. Inspection
16.1 The manufacturer shall afford the inspector representing the purchaser all reasonable facilities to satisfy him that the
material is being furnished in accordance with this specification. All tests and inspection shall be made at the place of
manufacture prior to shipment, unless otherwise specified, and
shall be so conducted as not to interfere unnecessarily with the
operation of the works.
17. Rejection
17.1 If the wire or strand fails in the first test to meet any
requirement of this specification, two additional tests shall be
made on samples of wire or strand from the same coil or reel.
If failure occurs in either of these tests, the lot of wire or strand
shall be rejected.
18. Packaging and Package Marking
18.1 Wire strand shall be furnished in standard lengths (see
18.1.1) and in compact coils or on reels (see 18.1.2) as
specified by the purchaser; otherwise lengths shall be as agreed
upon at the time of purchase. Only one length of strand shall be
furnished in each coil or on each reel. Lengths of strand may
vary between the standard (nominal) length and 10 % over the
standard (nominal) length, unless otherwise specified by the
purchaser.

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A 475 03
18.1.1 Standard lengths of strand are as follows: 250, 500,
1000, 2500, and 5000 ft [76, 152, 304, 760, and 1520 m].
18.1.2 Standard practice is to furnish all strand 716 in. [11.11
mm] and over in diameter on reels in lengths of 1000 ft [304
m] and over. Strand lengths of less than 1000 ft are regularly
furnished in coils.
18.2 Each coil or reel shall have a strong weather-resistant
tag securely fastened to it showing the length, nominal diam-

eter, number of wires, grade of the strand, class of coating,

ASTM Specification A 475, and the name or mark of the
manufacturer. If additional information is required on the tag,
it shall be so specified at the time of purchase.
19. Keywords
19.1 steel wire strand; wire; zinc-coated steel wire strand

SUMMARY OF CHANGES
Committee A05 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (A 475 - 98)
that may impact the use of this standard.
A 475 - 03:
(1) Renumbered sections to meet Form and Style requirements.
(2) Editorial changes were made in paragraphs 2.1, 3.2.1, 4.1.3,
7.1, 8.3, 10.1, 10.2, 11.1, 18.2, Section 17, and Table 1.
(3) Changed Type 1 to Class 1 in paragraph 1.3 and Table 2
(4) Added paragraph 4.1.5.
(5) Changed base metal in paragraph 5.1 to any commer-

cially accepted steel making process.

(6) Incorporated Note 1 into paragraph 15.3.1.
(7) Incorporated Note 2 into paragraph 11.1.
(8) Changed Section 14 from Finish to Workmanship.
(9) Changed kg/304.8m to kg/km in Column 4 heading
and changed the metric values in Column 4 in Table 1.
(10) Added Summary of Changes section.

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5
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