i a= 1) Designation: D 446 - 69a an Aravican Halos! Stands 63% 63.1 Pinasiaa ; ; liquid Standard Specifications and Operating Instructions for ae Glass Capillary Kinematic Viscometers' viscosit Pe time « “This stondaed fs issued wader the fixed designation D446: the mannber ionmeditey flowing, the desi idicates te year of p D445, aa ono hc ori Het a analy fi eacn-————~-f he fl Ferenc etc te estes orca xe pecfetins an opening nto ae bo ag fo at og ty Denon fn Coal ebb . Indes Spsetons ont Sard or he pe ero al ese ae be Dna where: roe in the several annexes to 210 9 or 10 mm, whichever is fo! 8 I. These specifications and operating instructions eover 1. eager! ass capillary kincimaievscomoters ofall types described ing ¥gmeyctature of Figures Porat ie pil in Annex Al on Modified Ostwald Viscometers, 4 Nomenclature of Fig sn tye “ict Vseoms ex A2, Suspended Level Viscomelers, and Annx Ad, &et ‘The more frequently used ets on the ges in the fe YO everse-Flow Viscomietes. several annexes ae as follows fy, amnene 1.1.1 ‘These specifications cover viscometers suitable for 4 veeeu ins Test Method D 445, * Bes .2 The calibration of the viseometers is deseribed in Hine nt ealibrat zation 6, ks fo Miscou 1 dure w Preterencer nocumens H 21 ASTM Standards: + ofan 1445 "Fost Method for Kinematic Viscosity of “Trans : Cec tre teen parent and Opaque Liquids (and the Calculation of ® Working caillary ae a Dynamic Viscosity” Bosie Calibration of Master 5° Yi8¢ometer Holder and Alig eke ines Pree i on seen oF Master 51 Moun al vcore ina constant lmprature bak, BE toe ae a with tube Z iekd within 1 deg of the vertical as observed with ‘ae Risicaeaii names apt bt o ter eq scares inspection means A Fh ‘cate glass "UMBer of commercially available holders ace so designed fo-= BO its Phe eeetnt, Aanealeds low-cxvaasion borosiicate ws that ube Zs Held perpendicular lo the ig ofthe conetat, aia fs construction ofall vscometers. Permanently mark om eryperature bath, Uns requiring thatthe lid be within rad Es & viscometer the size, number, serial number, and mane —_(euperate bs ti sete’ designation, Ble al ming marks and fl with "Steen metal ops, designed loft above a t-nim hole sere ppaque color, or otherwise make a permanent part of the fometer. 2 With the exception of the FitzSimons and Altantic icomelers, all viscometers are designed to fit through a pm hole in the tid of a constant-temperature bath having Jtuid depth of at least 280 mm; it is assumed that the ace of the liquid will be not more than 45 mm from the » of the bath lid. For certain constant-Lemperature baths, ke at low or high temperatures, it may be nevessary Hruct the viscometers with the uppermost fubes longer im shown to ensure adequate immersion in the constant ies. bath; viscomelers so modified can be used to i viscosity within the precision of the test method. the lengths of the tubes and the bulbs on he diagrams I s seifiatios and operating intucios ae une he friction of I Commitee .2 on Pavoleam Pro ul Lubycans aa are tect nsbty of Subeomimites D0207 an Flow ropes, nt edition aproved Oct. 27,1989, Pubtshed December ees 251566 Last pe 1989. Oiinally tion D446 89, Rededgrted D 46 "1972 an extensive revision was made by tlerencivg ly thos Kinetic dees widely used in North. Americ ainee ISO. YC/28 wat prep ent documents covering inteatnal needs Soe 160 0S ni Book of ASH Standen, Val OSC, ral Wook of ASTH4 Standard, Va 05.02 m4 the fid of the bath, are frequently cemented onto the Zeitfuchs, Zeitfuelis Cross-Arm and Lantz-Zeithuchs viscometers which then are permanently mounted onto the Tig of the bath; 2 rectangular metal top, 25 by $9 mm, i often cemented onto the Zeitfuchs Cross-Arm and Zeitfuchs viscometers, 5.3 In each figure, numbers that follow letler identifies indicate the outside tube diameter in millimetres. It is important to adhere to these diameters and the de spacing to ensure that holders will be interchs 6 Calibration of Viscomet 6.1 To calibrate the glass kinematic viscometers described in the annexes, run in the manner deseribed therein and in Test Method D445 using viscosity oil standards or using lard viscometers, . 6.2. Viscosity Oif Standards, ASTM, having approximate ic viscosities shown in Table 1. Certified kinematic viscosity values are supplied with each sample, hey Oi Sans 9s Hse in Table tare aaa in Lp scene sul be teed tothe Cann fume CP Nos 16, Site Calpe, PA IGHDS, Shiprent wl he node pele or Go 2% Sena Vecomet Fabry 1 1 The Kinet Visecsty P.O.63 Calibration: 634 Using Liquid Standards—Select from ‘Table a liquid standard having a minimum flov time of 200 s at the Gi) Daa6 = constant of the viscometer being calibrated, flow time to the nearest 0.2 s in the viscometer being calibrated, AP the Now times of the oil 2) fea so! coon yd ong Es E caltration temperature (preferably 100°F) and a kinematic constant ofthe standard viscometer, and } viscosity in excess of the minimum shown, Measure the flow flow time to the nearest 0.2 s'in the standard Hine to the nearest 0.2 s in accordance with ‘Test Method viscometei B45 andes he vcomeer cota, G by memset 7, vigasiy Cal following. ea = “TL Kinematic Viscose 1b CoM RTOES CDE i tr whee: = kinematic viscosity, eSt, for the oil standard, and ft = flow time, 5 632 Using Standard Viscometers 632.1 Select any petroleum oif that will have flow tinies of a least 200 s in both the standard and (o-be-calibrated siscometers; some viseometers, as is noted in the several annexes, requite that the oil have a kinematic viscosity in «acess ofthe 200-s minimum in order that the kinetic enesey conection* will be less than 0.2 %, 632.2 Select a standard viscometer having a known aibration constant, C. This viscometer may be a master riscomeler that has been calibrated by the “step-up” proce- Ave using, viscometers of successively targer diameters Farting with distilled water as the basic kinematic viscosity f sandard oF a routine viscometer of the same type that has F been calibrated by comparison with a muster viscometer (ole 1). Mount the standard viscometer together with the } vizomeer tobe calibrated in the same bath and determine n accordance with procedures in Test Method D 445, Note {For suggestions on calibration by th see the procedue for master viscon Due. ‘tepaup" method, ere described in Test Method 63.2.3 Caloulate the viscometer constant, Cas follows: Ce x My @ where: Seam M. "Destation of Vscesty Equation and Souces of Etec in ecmstge Pévale Report No. 1 to ASIN. Sulcomnsite on Viton, | TaN Energy Corctin,” Private Repe icity, Ap 1989. Copies available ee a 48.0, Bon 16, Slate College, PA 1680, ‘calculated from viscometer dimensions as follows: Kinematic viscosity, 100rgd%hi/128 FL) EY? 3) where: = gzavilational acceleration, en d= diameter of the capillary, em, L = length of the capillary, em, 11 = average vertical distance between (he upper and lower ¥ = timed volume of fiquid passing through the capitlary, cca {approximately the volume of the tinsing bub), kinetic eneigy correction, eSt+s, and 1 = flow time, s 71.1 Equation 3 is ge kinetic ene 2 is, ily simplified by assuming the ry correction to be insignificant and grouping the 1s Fallows =a ® 2 Kinetic Fnergy Corvection—The viscometers de- scribed in the annexes are designed so that the kinetic energy conection term, £717, is negligible if the flow time is more han 200 s, with’ the exception of several sizes for the measurement of low-kinematic viscosity liquids as noted in the tables of dimensions of the viscometers in the annexes. 7.2.1 For viscomelers whose constants are 0.05 eSt/s or Jess, a kinetic energy correction may be significant if the ‘minimum 200-s flow time is not observed, Where this is not possible, Eq 4 takes on the following form: Kinematic viscosity, St = Cr ~ B/ o where: EE = Kinetic energy factor (see 7.2.2), C= viscometer constant, and, 1 = flow time, s, _ 7.2.2 While the kinetic energy factor, E, is not a constant, it may be approximated by means of the following equation: : TAGLE 1 Approximate Volues of he ASTEA Viscosity Standards Waly ‘postal Keer cay, ot ; Sinan — oe eee iM At -40°G M20°C A 26C At? 37.70°C ‘At AO" AL 50°C a ‘AL 100°C p, Sonanat -aabero A : ne , : ana 10H a a cc ce HS 83 ‘300 80 48 40 30 29 . 1 12 86 ; See os &0 er tb sto ; aeCttae a FA es . wae so tre i o o m8 Saco ot ry En ito oO seco nt a) cy Ey a 2B © Sot mo $0 ow m8 S00 sro ‘0m = moan : ; Sa : cul ylue forthe slandardsfstod above ‘toni n 2 laoratorie oetod I 0 counts * Slaczations at 37.78%C and 08 80°C may be scontinied nto uso.ib Daas B= 1.66 PCA o here: = volume of the timing bulb, em’, = capillary working fength, cin, and capillary working diameter, 1.3 Maxinun Flow Time—The limit of 1000 s given as maximum flow time for the several viscometer listed in ‘anuoses has been set arbitarily asa practical v 7.4 Surface Tension Correction—Ht the. two me Mferent average diameters during the Now sface tension of the sample dilfers substantially from that | the calibrating liquid, 2 surface tension cor leessary, The changed ‘constant, C, may be calcutaled sproximately by means of the following equation CF ALBIN = Hd Cr hoe ale 7 ” here: = acceleration of gravity, cm/s’, average driving head, cm, average diameter of the upper meniscus, em, average diameter of the lower meniscus, cm, surface tension, dynesfem, density, gem, and Patents © vale rte imple, respectively. {14.1 While this correction applies to all viscometer over ‘of them are designed to minimize this surface hsion correction, The greatest correction normally eneoun- red is with a viscometer calibrated with water and used for . Generally, viscometers are calibrated and used with [ications those surfice tensions ave close cough 80 ¢ corrections are insignificant 7.5 Effect of Temperature—The viscometer constant, Ci ferences of, temperature forall" suipened ee someters and those viscometers which have the volume of imple adjusted at bath temperatures, [" The following viscometers, which have a fixed (autatory bn i AL, MODIFIED OSTWALD ViSCOMICT 1 Scope f: 1.1 ‘The modified Ostwald-type viseometers for tra mt liquids have th ometer, but are madified as follows to ensure a constant me of sample in the viscometer: at the filling temp 2 for the Caunon-Fenske Routine and Cannon-Manning Micro viseometers, and at the test temperature for the iWuchs, and SIL viscometers, These viscometers are used 116 ANNEX! volume charged af ambient temperature, have a va their calibration constant with temperature: Cannon: Routine, Cannon-Fenske Opaque. 7.5.2 Caleulite the viscometer constant for the Cannon: Fenske Routine, and. the Cannon-Manning Semi-Micro neans of the following equation: C= GU HE ~ ph ‘enske ® viscometer constant wh temperature, temperature, °F, temperature dependence Fctor (see 75.4), and, 4,fsubscripts = values af the test temperature and at the fil lemperature, respectively, 7.5.3 Calculate the viscometer constant, C, for the Can: ‘non-Fenske Opaque (reverse-flow) viv the Following equation: C= GMERT,~ Tl filled and-tested -at the same 0 where all terms have the same definitions in 7.52, 7.541 Caleutate the temperature dependence constant, Ey by means of the flag, equation: Aa fad" = ANY, nad Ty —T) (1) volume of charge, ent’ average diamieter, em, of the meniscus in the lower reservoir fur the Cannon-Fenske Routine and Cannon- Manning Semi-Miero viscometers, in the upper reser- voir of the Cannon-Fenske Opaque viscometer, Je = average driving head, em, «= cocllicient of thermal expansion of the test sample, reciprocal degrees Fahrenheit, between the fill temper. ‘ature and the lest lemperature, » = density, gfem', and, 1, subscripts = us defined in 7.5.2. Ss fo PERS FOR TRANSPARENT LIQUIDS for the measurement of the kinematic viscosity of trans: parent Newtonian liquids up to 20-000 St AL2 Apparatus, A121 For the modified Ostwald viscometers, detailed drawings, size designation, approximate constants, kinematic viscosity range, capillary’ diaineter, and bulb volumes. for each viscometer are shown on Figs” AL.1 through AL, ‘ameter by means of _ A130 ALB. * capillary bs Daas, viscome dures th A133 'e givea fe the tabl viscome instrume __ employe ALB Cannon: vert the immerse eeens iamneter of ‘Bulb Volume, mt. suas, Atma Colas, Kamae Yon Range, EOS as ar af tan a : cas ca ‘esd mn a oO c % ace owe 2éwa0 a is ® eo faut istos0 a ar ® Seco see iowa a a © Sor ahteas a a } to Seas zawse a ar ry ot Zo 100 fewae au a i Obs iowa ities a ah Fe oe teow a00 owas a au o 2 Hott 200 somes a a @ 23 Soo 92 00, asus a au oo 5 ‘tao 00 aioe a at om % 4000 20009 thoso 4 at 7808 it 2003 nom foe ul hers on—Atdenensons ate mains, FIG. ALA ci structions A131 A standard operating procedure applicable to all capillary kinematic viseometers is contained in Test Method B44. Operating instructions for the modified Ostwald Siscometers are outlined as follows with ensphasis on proce: dues that are specific to this group of viscometer, 1.32 Select a clean, dry calibrated viscometer that will J tvea low time greater than 200 s or the minimum shown in je he lable of dimensions. Charge the sample into the Yicometer in the manner dictated by the design of the istoment, the operation being in conformity with that oP employed when the unit was calibrated, AI32.1 To charge the Cannon Routine (Fig. At-1) and Connon-Manning Semi-Micro (Fig. Ai) viscometers, in tert the viscometer and apply suction to tube with tube fInmersed in the liquid sample, Draw the sample to timing ALS Operating I ImFenske Routine Viecometer for Transparent Ligulds mark F for the Cannon-Fenske Routine viscometer and filltine G for the Cannon-Manning Semi-Miero viseometer, Mount the viscometer upright in the constant-temperature bath Keeping tube 2 vertical AL.2.2 Mount the Zeitfuchs (Fig. A1.2) viscometer ‘onstant temperature bath, keeping tube L vertical, Pout sample through tube L to fll mark G. Allow 15 miin for the sample to atlain bath, temperature and become free of ait bubbles. Attach the viewuny fine with stopeock and trnp to {ube K. Slowly draw the sample into timing bulb ¢ by Partially opening the stopcock in the vacuum line and pactially closing tube NW with the finger. Allow the excess liquid to Mow into bull D and though tube X into the tap n the vacuum fine. When the liquid in tube L reaches « Point 2 to 5 mm above Hine 14, hold it at this point by alleruatcly closing. the opening tube N to the atmosphere with the finger forthe time jn the fable shown as Follows to wmoe ‘side Diameter of Tube ‘oie ene, Krona Vaoaly Rega i Tce Te, Vara Ba 6 sie, ie a fom nar on i oom Goes oe Teal 3 soa et fete os sede 8 5 oa ies oh seas 3 ij 3 Baton ie Sots 3 3 °3 Sem tae Soeea 8 : ‘a tow tae a Sabes 8 t 3 ieee in Sawee 3 "200.8 iru Non Hine for Buns ore—Ai dimensions ao in mimes, FIG. A1.2 Zolituts Viecomet crmil the sample to drain from the walls of tube L. ‘Sample Viscosity, et Drainage Tine» Under 10 101020 Wor 100, 101060 100 to 1000 (00 0 120 Over 1000 10 1 200, \djust the working volume by drawing the lower meniscus ‘acily to mark H, making sure that the sample completely lis the viscometer between mark 17 and the tip of the jferllow in bulb 2; after this final adjustment of the working biume, remove the finger and close or remove the connec on to the vacuum source. The final adjustment may be Jofe conveniently made by disconnecting the vacuum aid hlying pressure to the mounting tube L by use ofa rubber i 178 er for Transparent Ligulds A1.3.2.3 To charge the SIL (Fig. A1,3) viscometer, tilt i about 30° from the vertical, with bulb 4 below capillary R. Introduce enough of the sample into tube Z for bulb A to fill completely and overflow into the gallery. Return the ‘iscometer (0 the vertical position and mount it in the constant temperature bath so that tube L is vertical. The quantity of sample charged should be such hat the level in the lower reservoir should be 3 (0 14 mm above opening S. ‘The sample will rise in capillary R somewhat higher than opening S. After the temperature equilibrium has been reached, remove excess sample from the gallery by suction applicd 10 tube K. A1.3.3 Allow the viscometer (0 remain in the constant. fomperature bath a sufficient time to ensure that the sample reache: viscosi ALS volatile aboutH ‘ Approximate Constant, eae tna Diamete OF nda Olameter ‘of Tubes € and Volume, Bul G, mi. a. ect Rage “shen : ‘eis ma an een ‘is - Ae o008 ome var Bots = peas ser 20000 fat tees © hte 03 Stes ats totes éo 2 or fo te ta tomes 50 too& @os9 te domes eo i te fone 00 2s iowss eo _— a0 fies 99 ben ‘ess Hd to one 1 000 fer ious 50 ii To os Hom Al cers ere a itinotis, FIG. ALS SIL Viecometer for Transparent Liquids teaches temperature equilibrium, which for low nematic vacuum, and allow the sample to flow by gravity AB; icosity liquids is shown in the following table, A.1.3.5 Measure, to the nearest 0.1 s, the time requited j 4 Stee taultraton Time, min for the Teading edge of the meniscus (0 pass from liming a i ia snark 7 (0 Gnsing mark #1C this flow time is less than 2002 ey 210 5 select a smaller capillary viscometer and repeat A1.3.3 ni a 2» though A135, Al34 Use vacuum (or pressure if the sample contains i A136 Repeat A1.3.4 and A.1.3,5, making duplicate flow valle constituents) to draw the sample through bulb C10 nik Measurements, If the (wo measurements agree witht Sout 5 mm above upper timing mark £. Release the 92%. ween for calculating the kinematic viscosity,ai) D aa6 I t I Jil . | 4 — ff ' | —+i—}}—- Jee ESP rrgrnomee Bi Saimin eae cos a (oom Won Fm Pom Ooms 25 ‘002 dawao 022 4 061 oa wor ai ® 004 Sater 925 4 001 o5 08 031 % 008 1lo8 oats 001 iota S800 03) o bore dots a5 002 Viet OF 1900 03 ‘0 ome Ho%s bar & ote tater fat o oa) 20 a avon bat S002 Vetot Oat t2 oat 200 25 fatozs0 oes o08 siete 120618 oat x0 a8 {voto sto bi90 + 0.08 1sto22 {iota oat “0 12 24040 1200 {32008 201024 iBtez0 oat 80 26 Soo t02 800 Vio 4008 22028 201028 oat eco e 1200 toa 000 13 4 bos Bito20 251020 O31 ooo E 4 800 20 e00 256 005, holead a7teae oat 2003 niu ow ee fra ip" —At aioe are enstos, 1) Canoon, M. Rand Fenske, M. R., "Viscosity Measurement,” PDRAA, Vor 20 (), 1939, Industrial and’ Engineering Chemistry, -valytical Eon, GQ) Rh, E. Ly Walk, RN, and Dean, EW, “The Si ANCHA, Vol 10, 1938, . 297 5 Zeithuchs, B. HL, “An Accurate Viscomeler for Refinery Conteol Laboratories," "Proceedings, American Petroleum Insitute, Viscomete, 13, 1941, p. 346, I fl 80 I Industria ana Engineering Chemistry, ANCHA, Vol Cannon: guished ately bel : sieei) D aa6 42. SUSPENDED LIEVEL VISCOMETERS FOR TRANSPARENT LIQUIDS ing head of liquid inclependent of the quantity wged into the viscometer, and thus the viscomeler_constant_is_independent_of_{emperature-—By isetts-approximately——— neter-of-the upper meniscus, the sures a “strface Cension” correction is greatly reduced, Suspended. er eee, tuished by. the lower meniscus being. "suspencl ately below the working capil Approximate nena teslde Dieter Youn) Théo Damator Seo, ersten, Vices rage-* of Tuo ub Cm of Te Pl. —esye st _* een can 659), ° ‘or Oa" et oat 10 60 0 ona 081093 033 20 60 00s, tos 048, 30 80 1 dor 21010 058 40 00 ie 000 Sio30 07 10 80 w 0.05 wos oD 40 60 2 o1 2010 100 to 40 60 20 03 S010 900 136 40 80 a 08. 09 to 800 a5 40 80 3 10 20040 1-000 rea 40 50 20 30 5001033 000 243 40 80 20 80 1000 10 5 000 21 40 os 4 ‘a 2 000 0 10-060 327 40 70 4c 20 5 000 1030 000 492 40 20 a 0 To 600 060 000 820 50 08 5 100. 20 6009 160 00 625 50. 00 “300; tim fo time; 2005 mtn How tive for a ter us J} Hote—At émensons ee ninimeves. q FIG. A2,1 Upbelohide Viscon ter for Transparent Liquids IsRaa om ae ee ; Sk0 No ‘Constant, Veco ange * Tube Rr fut om \ : 56 eH est (25) 5%) ——— t t ‘008 Oats0 aa 20 Re 1 2 oot 21010 000 a7 3 038 Toa oat 37 4 10 2010 100 105 37 5 025 S010 250 te ar 6 120 240 0 1200 06 37 200.8 minknora ows to forall wits, Note—Al dinnsions ere n minis, FIG. 2.2. Fitzsimons Viscomoter for Transparent Liquids ‘Cl wiscometers are used for the measurement of the viscometers ate outlined as follows with emphasis on proce: 000 eae ees OF transparent, Newtonian Hguids up to dures thal are specific to this group of viseg res "0 000 cSt 2.3.2 Select a clean, dry calibrated viscometer that will sive a flow time greater than 200 s or the minimum shown in the table of dimensions, hare the sample into the Ai.2.1 For the. suspended-level viscometets, detailed viscometer in the munier diene by the design of the awings, size designation mate coustauts, Kine~ instrument, this operation being in conformity with thal 22 Apparatus Titan en egieharging oan we ‘tan bulb slaes elo ae eat ee pss each viscometer are shown on Figs, A2,| through A2,5, A23.2.1 To charge the Ubbelohde (Fig. A2.1) and the pert mple it : Cannon-Ubbelohide (Figs. A2.4 and A2.5) viscometers, ti “3 Operating Instructions the instrument about 30° from the vertical and pour eull ary ea etindard operating procedure applicable to all cent sample though iube Lita bulb fa ot ee 1a onmemnate viscometers is contained in Tet Method viscometer is termed. to. the vee, wee ne M45. Operating instructions for the modified Ostvald between fil matks @ and Hand wt P completely fils Hthe visco 1 iil sae 182: ‘Approxtnate ‘Kematie Inolde Diameter Volum, B Sko Ne, Constant, iecosiy Range, of Tubo inn bu Cnt A esis a) 023) sy : ra 008 OFF 9s az 32 6 005: ry a6 32 i: ' oor Biot O86 82 z ic 003 81090 or 32 i 8 0.05, 10060 oa, 32 2 on 2010 100 109 32 oe io 03 8010 300, 134 82 i 2 05 100 to 500 tan 32 3 3 10 200 6 1000 rd 32 20 30 00 to 3000, 233 32 En 50 {0095000 24 HH 32. “fs. 10s inn Bow te: 200s kim tow tna xa oer ni So1e—-Atormnsions ao in minoies oe FIG, A2.9 Atlantic Viscomoter for Transparent Liquids 4 ic {titlout entrapping air. Mount the viscometer in the eon- bulb 2, The san temperature bath keeping tube L veitcal. Yo facilitate 2 Sting very viscous liquids, the viscometer may be inverted 2) Sth tube L placed in the sample. Apply vacuum to tube N, “fp sbsig tube Af by a finger or rubber stopper, draw sufficient {AEF ale into tbe L such that after wiping Fciean and phicing "pp tevicometer inthe conslant-temperature bath bulb A will ote “iff Mts described above, ‘GES 8232.2 Charge the FiteSimons (Fig, A22) viscometer 2 Moush tube Z with sufficient sample 0 fil bull , but not of the sample into the viscometer A2.3.2.3 Permanently mou Pour the sample into a clean 50-mL 183 comeler may be mounted yertically in the constant-temperaturebath either prior to or follos charge t the Atlantic (Fig, A2.3) viscometer in the constant-température bath with the en largement $ resting on the top-split collar, and the lower end ary tube R, 25 mm from the bottom of the bath, beaker. Charge the viscometer by positioning the beaker and sample under tube 1 $0 that i€ will be completely immersed in the sample.i) p aa6 | beboy, a ‘ppromnaie ievaiato irae Bieter Volume, Siz No, ‘Corsa, Vscoaty Rerme, of Tubo fa mm ub Gm 36 et (2%) G54) % 0.002 05% 02 ost is 80 ‘ons 9Bt040 oa 30 5 9.08 iotoae O54 30 100 bors S18 083 30 150 0x8 Poas 078 30 200 o1 200 100 ‘or 30 an 025 50 6250 126 30 350 os $00 to 600 va 30 300 12 24010 1 200 85 30 480 25 500102 500 228 30 500 a 500 to 8 00 300 30 00 20 4 0001020 000 ais 30 650 a6 8 0000 45 000 400 20 100 too 20 000 to 100 000 50 30 280-8 mal flow time; 200-8 minum Row Gino forall ther wns Nove—AX aienstons ate iets, FIG. A24 Cannon-Ubbeichde (A) ‘and Cannor-Ubbeloticle Ditton (B) Viscometers for Transparent Liquids owly apply vacuum to tube V by turning the three-way temperature bath a sufficient time fo ensure that the s¢ speock O to vacuum, Draw the sample into the viscometer reaches temperature equilibrium, which for nos ine capillary 2, timing bulb C and partially filing upper liquid is shove in th following table 1b D. Close stopcack O holding the sample in the cometer. IFonly a small sample is available, a short length Tempest, “F Equitation Tine Fejas ine « fuse vact F sconstitue jfabout 8 | Etim ut tute WI ample Fubber-tipped glass tubing can be placed in the beaker ra im fl h the rubber against the bottom of capillary tube 2, and 20 is sample drawn up as above, a ft \2..3 Allow the viscometer to remain in the constant A234 Encept for the Atlantic viscometer, which already Ina |2 fe ew _ NA crensons ao tmnt, | Bs the sample in postion, clase tube Af ri the Hinges and 42.3.5 Meusur, {oe meatest 0.15, the time tequiced for F comttseney (OT PFssure, if the stinpte cons Ipisite the leading cig of the mena esttuents) to draw the sample slowly groush bulb C10 to timing hart I this Nw ( liming mark £, Release vacuum smaller capi A235, ime is less than 200 5, select a MY viscometer and repeat A232 through fat abe NV ond immediately pce inger trom tube Ar 10 ADS if (ea holding the meniscus aioe heen atk until he A236 Repeat A234 and 2,3, Fa eaicus has dropped below aa ve liaty Rin time measuremense he to fle B Release finger and allow ite sample to Now by O25 P rvity, ‘, making duplicate flow easurements ag as ‘Anping ts Bale aiy ya 5 ‘sie Bisa’ af Bie No, Const, Vico ang, ofa mn eu Co Tubes Ne, eet (295) es) sd Pn 41019 oe 030 OBiod 025 030 18109 930 030 sos 035 omy Da35, Teas 047 oa on 2010 100 26: 039 025 5010 250, o76 030 os "00 t9 609 090 030 12 240 191 200 19 30 25 600102 609 rao 030 8 1900 to 8 090 108 20 20 4 00020000 235 030 fp "203 minis fon tow ev ananae| ib b aae RENCES. . “The Suspended Level Visco sJownal, _() Walt, J.J, and Headinglon, C. E, “New Vis Solves.04— 11) Ubbetohae, pre 2 eel Tecegy Landon) WEA, Vel 72, 1996, htdenscrarson ane ‘October 1954, eo "Mi aa Wang, RE WViscsity Meosuremeaty P imo O, "A Rapid Preasian Viscomele” Tadiatral and “Analytical Chemisny, ANCHA, Vol 32, 1960, 9.35% ngincering Chemisty, Analtieat Eatin, ANCIIA, Vol 1.198 A3. REVERSE FLOW VISCOMIET 'S HOR TRANSPARENT AND OPAQUE LIQUIDS a A3.1.1 The reverse-flow viscometers include the Zeitfachs A3.3.2.3 Mount the Lante-Zeitfuehs (Fig. 3,3) Gist, GannorsFenske Opaque, and LanteZeithuchsvicometer in the constant enmpsne a, keeping tube Mel scones tie medifed Ostwald and suspended veeical. Introduce sulficent eosile through tube A 19 ID nol pear famPe of Fauld ows into a timing completely fil bulb, overownes slightly into overflow oyna previously wet by surnpl, thus allowing the timing bulb K, I the sample fe pore temperature above test fits est is ae opaaue. Reverseviow tmperature wat fs mirtor teeneeae the viscometer to oes or ead, (OF the measurement of kinematic altain bath temperature aod eke ‘more sample to overflow | eoslies oF opaque and (ransparent liquids up to 100 WO) slightly into bath x i 3.33 All th visometer to remain inthe conan femperature bath a sufficient time to casure that the sample Bho avpaenes reaches n which or nonacous A321 For the reverse-flow viscamet 8, cs awy- liquid is shown t lable: a ings, size designations, approximate constants, kinomare : ition tine, scosity range, capillary diameter and bulb volurnes oe eae “enya 2 ‘ni f Jscometer are shown on Figs. A3.1 through A3.3, 4 Fd F A3.3 Operating Instructions aS 0 fii! A standard operating procedure applicable to all A334 Fill the viscometer as follows : 4s, eetnatc viscometer is contained in Test Method A341 For the soi Cross-Arm viscometer, apply © 445. Operating instructions for the modified Ona inl vacuum to tube Af (or pressuie to tube N} to cae ie wniseus 10 move over the siphon tube and about 30 mn, wiscometers are outlined as follows with emphasis o ‘ptoce- | thal are specie to this group of vig below the level of tbe 0 in eapliny Rs grav hea oa A3.3.2 Select a clean, dry calibrated viscometer that will initiated. pile nanan” soe miimum shows in A342 or the CimonFene Opaque viconetr ef comer on iimensions, Charge ic. sample into. the move the somes sa tubes W and L, respectively, and allow PPoonct Mpa Simanver dictated by the design of the the sumple to few by ey, istrument, this operation ‘being in conformity with that A3.3.4.3 For the Lantz-Zeitfuchs viscometer, apply slight employed when the unit was calibrated, If the sample vacuum to tube Mf (or pressure to Lube N with tube K closed) fe solid particles of any kind, filter in accordance with until the lower meniscus is opposite the lower timing mark pst Method D 445. E; allow the sample to flow by gravity, someter Mgunt the Zeifuchs Cross Am (Fig. A3.1) ANS Nan ow by scometer inthe constant temperature bath, Keeping tube the leading edge of the meniseu pie ee Rites sample through tube taking care not to totiniug acct W this flow time is tess than 200 s, select a pete the ceoss-arm Dunit kang sialer capilay Wee, and repeat A3.3.2"through 0.5 mm of fil mark Gon the siphion tube, A335. ¢ yee ho charge the Cannon-Fenske Opaque {Iie Aik Using the san 7) wseometer, invert the viscometer and apply suction fe AaS3 Uhrough A3.3.5 maki i i viscosity. Cateulate ‘the ki Siuig through tube ¥, filling bulb D to fill mark G. Wine ane’ ations differ by less than 0.35 %, report the average foal pode {ube AY and invest the viscometer to its oF the two enka Kinematic viscosities as that for the pre" Position. Mount the viscometer in the constant sumple, est 0.2 , the time required for us {0 pass from timing mark Ef second viscometer, repeat 4 duplicate determination of natic viscosity. If the two \ REFERENCES » Spares i Rs ai Fenske, MR, Viney Measwement— (2) Zeitfuebs, BL, "Kinematic Viscome seni Liauids dude! and Egincering Ohemitny, Aooly Viscous Liguids,* Oi end er for Opaque and Very \ ‘eal Edition, ANCHA, Vol 13, 1941-9. 299, 1946, p99, fas Jownel, O1GIA, Val 44, No. 36, f!lh Daas +] | — noe | 28 ¢ 7 ft elf] viscouerer wusr rir Tivo ReCTICUC A ime ea 308 7 Jk, 1 I aes | ‘i — ty ’ i Ne west =7 steve 10 ki Sessa iia aT ene ere ese Sout, gonna uma Vs Shien 2 Sete, ae is 5 wa ea cam) 7 Tos os oe m7 3 a0 2 oor Bie oes ao °3 3 5 03 ey ae 3 °3 3 ; ue ain a0 03 A 3 oe ote am i 33 a3 : 13 20101 00 a0 03 6 7 30 e018 00 a0 0 3 3 bo 2 otbie 10 ato is its oa 8 : me § coo logo oo ae ts oa 8 ° sin 2 bape io eto is is ee 8 7 ott Nove-Al dnensions Incrtiates, FIG, A3.1 Zeitluchs Cross-Ann Viscometors for Transparent and Opaque Liquids 187pa 2s : | Lat : i Hi le nae : is ‘ I } . v= % not a bt i Bae a i as i \ Bl es a : ' a Renate sibel Vom, cubs 6 ize eerie Viscosity Ranga, 03 EF, an ‘endJ,mi_" ” NOlme, Bulb O, mi. SeNa cohen oe ty as een ie a : a. eam : : aoe tae? aa a0 i cost tows ae a Z * doce ane ose a z 1 cote duis oe a 2 is Seas Tees oe a 2 209 an sao tae a 2 0 os fo10200 i au 2 a0 oe ‘oote0 ua a 3 ‘0 12 tote 20 tse a 2 io a foo 102 800 200 a A soo ° ‘toot too ao % z 0 2 4 covoz0 oD soo 48 é Fi mara ow tn fr a ots = dines re teats. FIG, A3.2 Cannon-Fenske Opaque Viscomoter for Transparent and Opaque Ligue @ 188i) D a46 oA emenstone een enti, FIG. 022 Lantz-Zeituchs Viscometer for Transparent and Opaque Uquias 189 Approximate Kinematis— Inde Diameter | Length ot Volume, Gentant, Wecosity Range! of Tube Amn Tuba A Buber mL ie ones A im 253) Ba 5g 490 zr 10 200 101000 27 20 00 193 000 27 oo 2 000010 009 27 200 8 ovo 1930 O09 27 is 008 20 00019 100°090 08 2005 i Rom nfo wri al