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1955

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Dikshitar

cj"oi>

1)6 tftfStf*

25

The more
by tha
a good
far

and

important work that

iastitation is research in

is

being

Vedic interpretation.

opportunity to go through the papers

am

contained

conducted
I

prepared

had
so

highly delighted by the standard of performance

there

in.

The work

is

useful

and detailed sup-

pliment to

Yaska's Niruktha

tion to say that

it

and

It is

not an

exaggera-

even excels the latter

Vijayawada >
26-10-1956,

O5 ^) Ch

Markandeya Sastry,

The Hari brothers have boldly under taken

tic task

of vindicating the ancient

positions

this

gigan-

vedic etymologies and

with a conviction and they richly deserve the honour

and glory of being the authours of such

work as

this.

Waltait,

13_H

7i

ex-

<SdO V. SuWba Kao>

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U.I2-1871.

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10

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&c>6

1-1-2.

Macdoaell

singers

In the RIgveda,

reference

is

ofter

made

to previous

and to contemporary poets.'

Siagers

wo-ftjtfO

i^

4
)

exo.

6-3-5

z3

Poets

18

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^S5s

& toco

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ETD Singers

84-86

Is-dSb ^ ea^S' ra. 7-15-4

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410-508

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60).

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is

the index of the

mind)

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Thingal^D

Ppwzhiam

Pahazhlthal

Pavazhlam

H^kaluvathu

Havalu

Pazh

Halu

Koozh

Koolu

5?

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Near

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R- Hall

i3-&cS
v"

i^otf&aS ( i64
;

Ancient

History of

^to^) Ko^-

the

BOOO
|S. S5r-

sb^ar*
[Vedic
nolo--

andVedanga

'yotisha.

Chro

B. G. Tilak

Ramesses
'Ramesses (5Syl) The

title

Egypti.n Dynasty; it rneous offspring of the

Dictiorary of hi ase and Fable By E. Coobham Brewer,

of an ancient
Sun'.

"

L. L. D.

3*

Rigve1

dic India <^& ^oQJsSs-S U4

s5

s^o^

Star

Medues

" The

Nature of Tribes of Central Asia"

CIF-1128, 129

&

asSBoS* ^SodS wtiSdSr

^rtctfs&S

d5aoSD

62

33

""Stf&oco" ^

(Forbidden

ruit

>

^ ^^"

Tree of Knowledge

^a

34

.S53&.

10-43, 44

o^sSbcSa

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oOoQQCfi^ato) e^Slou)

cR

tsS)

Direct
fl

general

of Arehaeology

cfrS

UV.J44,

848, 256),

88

Son
OgooooSS

exr*>6

(p. The Oilon and

Arctic

Rome

In the

Vedas

(Wiuternitz)

500
,

C3D

s^CP

(Nomads)

(Phylclogy)

fc

5?Sio^a&3b,

a^^Stfsia
1&:S>oijf&> cd^rr^.

sjS)

sS^CfsSboco
os

oS

Afio&

- 2

d*^

sSo^o-cfibsSbo

^5'sso

jJsSc^^g

^OB*

SS^tfg

30-3K

39

a-

S"*"

(Phylology)

S)^

Nati-n"

&

li-inpses

of

the

Vedic

co 7? sg>.

The Vedic Language

and the Corinmon San&kri

was called b\

Language

as

f
-

him
hasha

1950

oid Testament)^

*Chhand%
9 *

(P.P. 164)

old Testa-

ment e*

SS

The

Arctic

Home

6000 tfon ^S)

in the

Vedas

4-2

&S5beo Vernal

"3o& ^Pdbco

and Autumual equinoxes ) SS&^o&ifc.

ft-WO^

Vernal
EcquiDoxes

868 Son
ds {ip
8

xMS^

5748

6300

SoOSgpn

Stf^^sSSxoSb

19?,5

8 iflOO

sSDd&o,

cto

Son |^o*SSS>o&

80flO

a-

25

^,

SCoioOB.

-StfsSfa

5-S,

26000 Son

535

OOP SFtf&o

do"

44

Vide P. E. N. Boeks,
Literature
Sastry.

PP

by

Sri

Indiaa

Literature.

No.

19. )

..<Sb&psa

12.

Saaskrit

K. Chandrasekharam, V.H. Subrahmanya

(The Theory -of the

Origin of

"3

SIT
o-o-o

a-

>8

OJ
o-o-o

"t

ddb

sfcoo^

srfo&tfsrf ^

o-o-o

sr

SS^S*

<ftK)

VI

r*D5.

^^s5i^,

rto

evolution)

ae-S^&

S^sSsSx)

(Theory

e3& ^g

'S5trai1x<fijSS>,

&

"3^0

1.

Mixmulier

Waat

ladia caa teach us P. P. 108 to

il^

of

VII
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tffl

(Bright

Bodies or Luminous Bodies)

c5ir^|G

tf^Sa^*
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VIII

1.

5*c? ?.

1.

S. Radhakrishaan-Iadian

2.

AA,

3.

Maxmalier.History of Vedic Literature.

Philosophy, Vol.

Macdoaeil-History of Sanskrit Literature.

IX

"Isto
?

i3

2
)

z&pS^s'e^sia

;>s$ea

r&

(^Speculations)

57

3tis&

tfo.BP.o.a.

ss-

2.410

tfo.

53.

3-3-1

S)to

O-O-O-Q-OO-C-O
c&otfcoaoCfcto

49-24

isSo S

Secre

^-^S^dip^^^eSreD (^Vedi c
&a
^jS^r^ 53>& djrofio05

(^Lexicons^,

Index of names and

50

subjects^

XII
7? a

"Ssfia

?adfc3fc>e3ha> 'S'SD ^ooifi

s50(5s5S^

rCc?

"SofiSS

O
^
c?a

cs^S)

rq

<&'

69

XIII
sfceS^tfo

Critical

Study

Sastry. PP. 28 to

"Let

of

Rigvcda

30>
/

ra

770,

sSy^si

Dev

Dr.

'Stf^fes-tf'

CO

Prakash

Patanjal

tfc&&D dc
3

c3&^&

"eioS"

not he supposed that, because there are

several translations of the Rigveda in English,
French and Uerman, therefore all that the veda
it

can teach us has

been learned.
Far from it.
Every one of these translations has been put for-

ward

as tentative only,

I, myself, though during

have given translations of
a number of the more important hymns, have

the last thirty years

ventured to publish a specimen what I

think a translation of the V/da ought to be;

only

and that translation

only,

fills

---

a whole volume.

of twelve

hymns
We are still on

the mere surlace of the Vedic Literature,"

Maxmuller,_What India caa teach

81

Ac?

us. pp. 131.

XIV

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1-4-6.

II

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As these are ths
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quoted

Nigbanruv-s

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the

of

Vedas ^Ni-gamabsV
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word Nighantavas

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are fixed together,

words)

i.e.

may
list in

or collected

be

(so called")

which they

together

(the,

XXXIV
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collected

together),

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or

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2)

fixed or

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arf-fc^ a ?a

collected
together)

tfg

08-dS&
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.

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XX XXII

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After having thus carefully

of supposed
various

1-3.10

influeoces

foreign

scholars,

trace whatever of

think

8
iScS^Sc ^ Stiseo

examined

that have

may say

the

traces

been brought by

that there jreally

any foreign influence

religion or the ceremonial

all

is

In the language,

no
the

of the aancient Vedic literature of

India.

- What

India^.can teach us.

Page

1S9 -

14V

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"The

investigatioE of the

being mainly concerned

sacrifice,

Brahmanas has shown that,

with speculation on the nature

they were already far

removed from

the composers of the Vedic hymns,

the

and contain

spirit

-very

of
of

little

capable

of throwing light

hymns.

They only give occasional explanations of the sense

and these explanations are often very fanci-

on

the original sense of those

of the Mantras

__

ful.

**

A. A. Macdonell, Bhandarkar Commernqfation

Volume-*Poona 1917

xxxxxv
"With the

exception

of

the occasional legends

and

striking thoughts which occur in them,

they cannot be said
to be at all atractive as literary
To support
productions.
their explanations of the ceremonial,
iaterweave
exege they

and etymological observations,

and introtical,
linguistic,
duce myths and philosophical speculations in confirmation of
their cosmogomic and
They form an
theosophic theories.
full of saceraggregate of shallow and pedantic discussions,
dotal conceits, and fanciful, or even absurd identifications,
such as

is

doubtless unparalleled anywhere else"

A. A. Macdonell, History of Sanskrit Literature. PP. 32.

"The Brahmanas represent no doubt

ing phase in the history of the Indian

mind,

most interestbut judged by

they are most disappointNo

one
would
at so early a period,
have
that
ing.
supposed
and in so primitive a state of society, there could have risen
as literary

themselves,

up a

literature

can

hardly

which

productions,

pedantry and downright absurdity

matched atiy where.
There is no lack of

be

striking thoughts,

for

and curious traditions

only like the

of sound reasoning,
But these are
collections.

of bold expressions,
in

these

fragments of a

'Torso' like

gems set
general charecter of these works is
precious

brass and lead.

The
marked by shallow and insipid grandiloquence, by priestly
conceits and antiquarian pedantfy.
It
is
riiost important to
the historian that he should know how soon th6 fresh and

healthy growth

and

superstition.

of a nation can be
It is

blighted by preistoraft
most important that we should know

that nations are liable to

well as in their

dotage.

these

epidemics in their youth as

These works deserve to be studied

as the physician studies the

twaddle of idiots and the raving

ofmadcaen."
*-Maxmuller - History of Ancient Sanskrit
t

P,P. 389 (See Introduction

to Veclic

Literature.

Kosha of Btimsaraja)

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11

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10.

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if

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sad

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little

JLU8.-5)

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and

vely listening to him;

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came

asfoScr

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mean

g^d

tf

approach
is

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down near

b^,cs5

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to

easy

^5o

to

respectfully

passage in
is

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6SoS)5;tabo

upanishat

in

6^3.

meant

a teacher, of submissi-

implicit fiiLh.

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expressess

another

etffr!f

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said

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therefore,,

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to

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the

as

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the

trace

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and

u.

at

steps by

1-LK). o&Ssi
last

truth

revelation."

History of Ancient Sanskrit Literature

S^eS-J&o

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P. P. 23*, 286.

d Jr&oCSb&ll

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Page 124

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A. B, Keith.

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RASA
it

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Lc"tr^^ S5ge*^^~\.
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There

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said

Atnmn and Ananda

spiritual

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soul of

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on

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good drama and the

is

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between

or on seeing a

derived

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RASA

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Mammata

'atf a

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es.

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'tir&^&fi*

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speaks

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moral

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^S^^* Ao
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(Poetry^

^Poetry)
Metrical Composition -

2)

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by

imagination to the help of reason'

3)

calling

tf&s- 5. tf *$;/& ^.gg*

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emotion spon-

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4)

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art of

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employing words in such a manner

on the imagination,

as to

the art of doing

by

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means of words what the painter does by
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The expression of the imagination

6N

and
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science,

truth
diate object pleasure, not

SS^Sa

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that

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delightful

human words can reach

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sL

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'The gap between the poets and the early interpreters was
indeed so great that one of Yaska's predecessors, named, Kautsa
actually had the audidty to assert that the science of Vedic ex-

positioa was useless,

as the

Vedic hymns and formulas were ob-

8
unmeaning, or mutually contradictory. Such criticism
Yaska meets ny replying that it was not the fault of the rafter if
the blindman did not see it. Yaska himself interprets only a v?ry

scure,

small portion of the hymns of the Rigveda, In what h^ doss

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that the authors of the

hyums had more

than one meaning in their minds."

Macdonell

History of Sanskrit Literature-pp.

61.

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7.

8.

9.

II.

12.

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Lharati Nirukti

is-

.&

detailed exposition of

traditional- point of

v"n

controverting western theories...... ....The authors-

Vedas from tne orshodox and

'
-

into

of study

Brothers, v/ide

woo

ditiORs! Interpretations
like the

great

Acharya of
Hid me*

a id other scholars........The discussions

Kks

ussy

c-f

Ji.j

ti

theadmsratsoii of SL

Wirukta,ftik, Kavi, Mantra,

Che

das and Vedas are thought provoking..,. The

'revealed*

about the Vedas

(apnurusheya)
but

the

the subit.ot, SApSaining the

|

the y

cailed

rson

need

for a

rethinking

raditional views.., .Whet

Ar/ans came from outside

#

to India or

thiow
India to the West, these
of
Indian
thought and
light un the

the

seived a

English instead of Telugu.

^^ ^^^^^^i^****

public

If

much

culture

he

had

writ

and

10.6-/2

man-ma

not carry conviction to a histori

tiv*

and