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After you finish installing the FreePBX Distro, or another Distro that includes FreePBX, there
are a few things you want to do first:
The installation steps must be completed with any browser except Internet Explorer. If using
Internet Explorer you will not see the initial configuration dialog box.
MODULE ADMINISTRATION:
CONFIGURE SENDMAIL/POSTFIX:
Trunks-
Outbound Routes-
Follow-me-
Ring Groups-
Parking Lot-
Feature Codes-
Decide if you want to allow remote extensions/phones to connect to your system over the
internet.
The main FreePBX screen will offer you four options: PBX Administrator will allow you
to configure your PBX. The default username is "admin" and the default password is
"admin." Your Distro may have already changed the default password, and if so, use
whatever you set during the installation process.
The User Control Panel (aka ARI) allows users to listen to their voicemail messages and
change certain features such as call forwarding. Users login using their extension number
and voicemail password. The Administrator logs in using the username "admin" and the
password set-up during the install (or the default, which is ari_admin).
The Operator Panel is a screen that allows an operator to control calls, by default
iSymphony is installed. It is disabled by default in the FreePBX Distro, but can be
enabled in the Advanced Settings Module, by changing "Disable FOP" to False, clicking
the green check-box to the right that appears after changing it to False, and then clicking
the Orange "Apply Configuration Changes" at the top. Get Official FreePBX Support will
take you to a link to purchase support directly from Schmooze the official support
provider of the FreePBX Project.
Then go to the DNS section of the System Admin module and manually set your
DNS Servers as follows:
127.0.0.1
8.8.8.8
8.8.4.4
The Distro installs DNSMASQ to ensure that your system maintains DNS even when the
internet is down, and DNSMASQ won't work unless 127.0.0.1 is listed as your first DNS
Server. The last two are Google's DNS servers. You can replace those two with your own, if
you prefer.
MODULE ADMINISTRATION:
Click Admin Module Admin on the menu.
When you first log into the system you will come to the FreePBX System Status Page, this page
will alert you when there are modules available for upgrade.
You can also Register for Update Notifications FreePBX 2.11 and above- click on the Upgrade
Notifications button on the Module Admin Page. (FreePBX 2.10 users can enter their email
address in the General Settings Page)
Checking for updates will transmit your FreePBX, Distro, Asterisk and PHP version numbers
along with a unique but random identifier. This is used to provide proper update information and
track version usage to focus development and maintenance efforts. No private information is
transmitted.
Click Check Online. Click Upgrade All. This will query the repositories for updated versions
of your installed modules. It will also show you modules that you do not have installed. You
may wish to review the list of modules and change the major upgrades, i.e. x.x update module
to no action.
This will upgrade all currently installed modules. The screen will go dark and a smaller white
window will appear showing the status (you may have to scroll up to find it). When prompted,
click return. You may have to scroll down inside the smaller white window to see the return
button. Click the orange bar at the top of the screen that reads Apply Configuration Changes.
The upgrade is now complete.
Additional commercial modules that can be added to enhance a base install of FreePBX.
SysAdmin Pro, Web CallME, Outbound Call Limiting, Caller ID Management, Paging Pro, VM
Notify, Fax Pro, Call Recording Reports, Directory Pro, QXact Reports, Xact Dialer,
(each module adds new features to FreePBX, so you probably want all of them just to try them
out), then after clicking Check for Updates Online, click Download all. If you dont want to
upgrade to the next version of FreePBX, then go to the x.x upgrade tool and change the action
to No action. Click Process.
The system may present you with an error screen that indicates that some modules cannot be
installed because other modules are required. If thats the case, proceed with the installation, and
then repeat the download process again to get the modules that couldnt be installed the first
time.
Click Confirm. This will install all of the available new modules (unless you changed their
action to no action). The screen will go dark and a smaller white window will appear showing
the status. You may have to scroll up to see the smaller white window. When prompted, click
return. You may have to scroll down inside the smaller white window to see the return
button. Click the orange bar at the top of the screen that reads Apply Configuration Changes.
The upgrade is now complete.
If you got an error message stating that some modules couldnt be installed, go back to Tools
Module Admin and Check for Updates Online again. Repeat the process until there are no
new or upgradeable modules.
changes, you may wish to register for a Dynamic IP address (for example, using dyndns.org),
and then select "Dynamic IP." Your internal IP address should be the IP address on the machines
on your network, but ending in a zero. For example, if your PBX is 192.168.1.101, then you
should enter 192.168.1.0 in the internal IP address field. Your subnet mask will probably be
255.255.255.0.
If you plan to connect to your PBX using a VPN from another network, click on the "Add Local
Network Field," and enter the internal address used on that VPN (i.e., 192.168.2.0) along with
the subnet mask (usually 255.255.255.0).
The following is typical of a small office user:
NAT: Yes
IP Configuration: Dynamic IP
Dynamic Host: YOURDOMAINNAME.COM (get one FREE at dyndns.org)
Local Networks:
192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0
Note: If you don't have any remote extensions and your VOIP providers have the ability to
handle registrations through NAT, you may be able to get away with the following instead:
NAT: Yes
IP Configuration: Public
The above may work, even if you are behind a NAT and your PBX isn't on a Public IP address.
Even if you are on a public IP, it is very important that you go to this page at least once, make at
least one change somewhere on the page, hit "submit," and then hit the orange "apply
configuration changes."
This is necessary to help prevent an Asterisk bug that can cause your entire system to stop
working if you have any SIP trunks and your internet connection goes down.
If your version of Asterisk suffers from this bug, all of your phones will stop working when your
internet goes down. You can fix the bug by doing the above, and then also ensuring that all
references to every SIP trunk provider are by IP address (i.e., 64.33.22.105) and not by a domain
name (i.e., voipprovider.com) in your trunk settings (including peer and user details and
registration string). Using IP addresses will ONLY solve the problem if you have also made a
change on this page and clicked submit, because doing so writes certain default values to the
Asterisk configuration files that are not written by default.
MEDIA & RTP SETTINGS (May Want to Modify):
By default, Asterisk will terminate any call that is not placed on hold if there is no audio for 30
seconds. If you place a call on hold, and it hears no audio for 300 seconds (5 minutes), Asterisk
will terminate the call. You may wish to change these. Otherwise, if you get placed on hold by
the person you call, and you hit mute on your end, your call will be dropped in 30 seconds if
there's no music or other audio from the other side.
The RTP Timeout field controls how long Asterisk will wait to drop a call when there is no audio
at all. If you increase this value from 30 to 300 (for example), you may want to change RTP
Keepalive to 30, so that when no audio is going through your firewall, Asterisk will send a keep
alive packet every 30 seconds.
The RTP Hold Timeout field controls how long Asterisk will wait to drop a call that YOU have
placed on hold when there is no audio. This timer applies EVEN IF you use Music on Hold. If
you are happy with calls dropping after five minutes on hold, you can leave this setting as is.
CONFIGURE SENDMAIL/POSTFIX:
Most distros include either sendmail or postfix, which handles sending e-mail. Configuration of
these programs is often required in order to get FreePBX to correctly send e-mail notifications of
updated modules and voicemails. If you want to use a feature that includes sending an e-mail,
you'll need to configure whichever program (sendmail or postfix) that is installed with your
distro.
range of ports used for RTP Media. If you do narrow the range, keep the range somewhere within
10000 to 20000 (i.e. don't select 43500 to 44500), as going outside this range can lead to call
quality issues.
For all of these reasons,
If you want to change the RTP Media Ports from the standard 10000 to 20,000 range, open a
command prompt on your server, and type the following:
cd /etc/asterisk
nano rtp.conf
Change 10000 and 20000 to something narrower, but in the same range.
CTRL-O, ENTER, CTRL-X. (Saves, Exits)
amportal stop
amportal start
Outbound RoutesOutbound Routes are how you tell your PBX which Trunks (phone lines) to use when people
dial certain telephone numbers. A simple installation will tell the PBX to send all calls to a single
trunk. However, a complex setup will have an outbound route for emergency calls, another
outbound route for local calls, another for long distance calls, and perhaps even another for
international calls. You can even create a "dead trunk" and route prohibited calls (such as
international and 976 calls) to it.
Extensions (or Devices and Users)Extensions are where you set-up devices (telephones) and users (extensions) on your system.
To create one, click "add extension" on the right-hand side of the screen, and then select "generic
SIP extension." Although there are a lot of fields available, most of them can be left blank or at
the default setting. The only required fields are: User Extension (set the extension number here),
Display Name (give the extension a name, usually a location or a person), and secret (the
password used to register a phone to the extension).
All of the available fields have help available right on the Web GUI. Just hover your mouse over
the field and a pop-up will tell you what it
does.
Follow-me-
The follow-me module allows you to create a more complicated method of routing calls that are
placed to a specific extension. Using this module, you can make a call to one extension ring
several other extensions, or even outside phone numbers. You can also make calls to oneextension end in the voicemail of another extension.
For example, using "follow-me," you could make a call to extension 10 actually ring extension
10, extension 11, and extension 12, and call someone's cellular phone, for 15 seconds, and then,
if nobody answers, go the voicemailbox for extension 17.
Ring GroupsRing Groups allow you to create a single extension number (the Ring Group Number) that will
call more than one person.
For example, you could make a Ring Group so that when any user dials extension 601,
extensions 10, 11, 12, and 13 ring for 15 seconds, and then the call goes to the voicemail for
extension 17.
Inbound Routes- The Inbound Routes module is where you tell the PBX how to handle incoming
calls. Typically, you tell the PBX the phone number that outside callers have called ("DID
Number" or "Direct Inward Dial Number") and then indicate which extension, Ring Group,
Voicemail, or other destination the call will go to.
Parking LotA parking lot allows anyone who has received a call to park the call on an extension that anyone
else can access. Typically, you receive the call, transfer it to extension 70, and then listen as the
system tells you where you can pick up the call (usually extension 71). Then, anyone else on
your PBX can dial 71 to pick-up the call.
In the newer versions of FreePBX you will need to configure your Default Parking Lot
APPLICATIONS MENU> PARKING by entering a Parking Lot Extension default (70) A
parking Lot Starting Position default (71) and and select an Alternate Destination, this will
allow you to clear the Notice about a bad destination in the System Status menu.
Feature CodesThis module allows you to set the special codes that users dial to access various features. You
can also disable features if you don't want users to be able to access them.
Paging and Intercom- By default, you dial *80 plus the extension number to intercom a specific
user. The Paging and Intercom module allows you to define numbers you can dial to page a
group of devices at once. For example, in a small office, you might define a paging group that
allows any user to dial 00 to page the entire office.
Conferences- This module allows you to create an extension number that people can dial into in
order to have a conference call.
For example, any user could dial extension 800 and they would be in a conference call.
IVR- This is the module where you configure an auto attendant to answer calls and direct them.
System Recordings- This is the module where you record the messages for use on your autoattendant.
DISA ("Direct Inward System Access")- This module allows you to create a destination that
allows people to call in from an outside line and reach a system dial tone. This is useful if you
want people to be able to take advantage of your lower rate for toll calls, or if you want outside
callers to be able to use the paging or intercom features of the system. Always password protect
this feature, if you use it at all.
Backup and Restore- This module allows you to backup and restore the settings and recordings
made by FreePBX/Asterisk. After they are made, you can find the backups by typing the
following at your command prompt:
cd /var/lib/asterisk/backups
ls -l
There are many other modules, and most are self-explanatory. Be sure to check them all out.
Authentication Name fields to your extension #, Password field to the extension password (NOT
the voicemail password), and Proxy Server and Registrar Server to your PBX's IP address. Save
and reboot, and your phone should work. For more advanced configurations, you'll want to setup an aastra.cfg and MACADDRESS.cfg files following Aastra's instructions.
Currently, we recommend sticking with Firmware version 2.6 for Aastra phones.
If you want to use your Android Phone as a Wifi VOIP Phone, you can download CSipSimple for
free from the Android Market.
If you want to use a computer, Counterpath's X-Lite VOIP Softphone is available for free
download from Counterpath's web-site.