PCB 3063 Production Engineering I

2012 INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY PETRONAS SDN BHD

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COURSE TITLE
SEMESTER

5/3

By

Dr Aliyu Adebayo Sulaimon

(aliyu.adebayor@petronas.com)
(Mobile: 0143485422; Office Ext.: 7051)
(Room No.: L-1-35)
Dr Aliyu Adebayo Sulaimon

IMPORTANT INFORMATION

Outcome Based Education (OBE)

Structure of the course (outlines/contents)

Lesson plan (Lecture, buzz-group, project work,

laboratory practical, etc.)

Teaching evaluation (Anonymous feedbacks)

UTP attendance policy (University required to present

monthly report on the international attendance to MOHE
Min. of Higher Educ.)
Dr Aliyu Adebayo Sulaimon

PROGRAMME OUTCOMES
The three major programme outcomes are:
PO-2:

Identify,

formulate

and

analyze

complex

Petroleum

Engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions

using first principles of mathematics, natural sciences and

engineering sciences.
PO-3:

Design solutions for complex Petroleum Engineering

problems and design systems, components or processes
that meet specified needs with appropriate consideration
for public health and safety, cultural, societal, and

environmental considerations.

Dr Aliyu Adebayo Sulaimon

COURSE MAJOR OUTCOMES

At the end of this course, students should be able to:
Explain well performance concept

[PO-2]

Determine well performance using nodal analysis [PO-2]

Describe well stimulation techniques

[PO-2, PO-3]

Design artificial lift systems

[PO-3]

Dr Aliyu Adebayo Sulaimon

COURSE OUTLINE

Well Performance Concepts

Introduction
Well inflow performance
Well performance equations
Tubing performance
Flow-line chokes
Completion flow performance and optimization
Skin and formation damage

Nodal Analysis
Well inflow performance
Productivity Index

Tubing performance

Tubing pressure traverse

Tubing friction term
Multiphase flow In vertical tubing
Pressure traverse curve

Dr Aliyu Adebayo Sulaimon

COURSE OUTLINE

Nodal Analysis (Contd)

Flow correlations

Duns and Ros

Hagedorn and Brown
Beggs and Brill
Gray

Surface pressure loss

Flowline choke

Matrix Acidizing

Candidate selection for treatment

Selection of Chemical Treatment Types
Potential formation damage caused by matrix stimulation fluids
Matrix stimulation fluid selection
Typical acid formulations for matrix acidizing
Matrix stimulation field campaigns
Dr Aliyu Adebayo Sulaimon

COURSE OUTLINE

MID-SEMESTER BREAK

Hydraulic Fracturing
Hydraulic Fracture treatment selection guideline
Types of well fracturing stimulation treatment

Sand Control
Causes/Types of sand production
Sand exclusion

Artificial Lift Methods

Introduction and selection criteria

Review of artificial lift techniques
Selection of artificial lift criteria
Rod pumps, electric submersible pumps, hydraulic pumps and progressive
cavity pumps
Dr Aliyu Adebayo Sulaimon

COURSE OUTLINE

Artificial Lift Methods (Contd)

Gas Lift
Application
Design objectives
Unloading process

Design procedures
Operational problems
Field production optimization
Intermittent gas lift

Dr Aliyu Adebayo Sulaimon

COURSE MAJOR CONTENTS

Overview of well performance concepts

Nodal analysis
Well stimulation concepts
Sand control

Artificial lift methods

Dr Aliyu Adebayo Sulaimon

ASSESSMENT PLAN

Quizzes

10%

Assignment

20%

Group Project/Presentation

10%

Individual

10%

Test

20%

Exam

50%

Dr Aliyu Adebayo Sulaimon

Reference

Main Reference

Cholet H (2000), Well Production Practical Handbook, Technip

Economides et al (2013): Petroleum Production Systems, 2nd Edition, Pearson Education, Inc.
(TN870.E29)
Economides M.J., Watters L.T., and Dunn-Norman S. (1988): Petroleum Well Construction, John
Wiley & Sons, (TN871.2.P487)
Gray F. (1995), Petroleum Production in Nontechnical Language, 2nd Edition, Pennwell
Corporation
Guo B., Lyons W.C., and Ghalambor A. (2007): Petroleum Production Engineering A ComputerAssisted Approach, Elsevier Science & Technology Books, (TN871.G785)

Optional Reference

Allen T.O., Roberts A.P. (1993), Production Operation, Vol. 1 & 2 Fourth Edition, OGCI
Beggs H.D. (2003): Production Optimization Using Nodal Analysis, OGCI and Petroskills
Publications, 2nd Edition, (TN871.B415)
Gray F. (1995), Petroleum Production in Nontechnical Language, 2nd Edition, Pennwell
Corporation
Perrin D. (1995): Well Completion and Servicing oil and Gad Field Development Techniques,
Institut Francais Du Petrole Publications (IFP), (TN871.2.P4731)
Van Dyke K. (1997), A Primer of Oilwell Service, Workover, and Completion, University of Texas at
Austin

Dr Aliyu Adebayo Sulaimon

General Reference

Lake, L.W. (2007): Petroleum Engineering

Handbook, SPE Richardson

Several other relevant books

Journal Articles (Case Studies)

Dr Aliyu Adebayo Sulaimon

CLASS POLICY
Attendance/Punctuality
Plagiarism
Honesty & Commitment
Timeliness (Submission of exercises)
Tutorials/Examples/Extra Help (Team spirit)
E-Learning
Read WIDE & WILD

Dr Aliyu Adebayo Sulaimon

LECTURE TIMES
Day (Venue):
Time:

Monday (LT. C3)

12.00 1.00pm

Day (Venue):
Time:

Tuesday (LT. C3)

12.00am 2.00pm

Tutorial sessions:

2.00 4.00pm (Monday)

2.00 6.00pm (Tuesday)
3.00 5.00pm (Friday)
Dr Aliyu Adebayo Sulaimon

QUESTIONS?

THANK YOU

Dr Aliyu Adebayo Sulaimon

PCB 3063 PRODUCTION ENGINEERING I

SEMESTER

5/3

By

Dr Aliyu Adebayo Sulaimon

(aliyu.adebayor@petronas.com)
(Mobile: 0143485422; Office Ext.: 7051)
(Room No.: L-1-35)
Dr Aliyu Adebayo Sulaimon

INTRODUCTION

Overview of Well Performance Concepts

Dr Aliyu Adebayo Sulaimon

INTRODUCTION

Overview of well performance concepts

Flow regimes in a reservoir

Darcys equation
Skin effect
Productivity Index (PI or J)
Inflow Performance Relationship (IPR)
Factors Influencing Inflow Performance

Review and Assignments

Dr Aliyu Adebayo Sulaimon

LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this class, students should be able to:

Describe the flow regimes in a reservoir

Mathematically differentiate between the flow regimes

Illustrate graphical representation of pressure vs radial

distance at different times for each of the flow regimes

Define skin effect and describe its main contributors

Dr Aliyu Adebayo Sulaimon

OVERVIEW OF WELL PERFORMANCE CONCEPTS

Types of Flow

Transient flow (Infinite acting reservoir)

Steady state (CPB exists)
Pseudo-steady state (NFB exists)

Concept of skin

Dr Aliyu Adebayo Sulaimon

Overview (Contd)

Dr Aliyu Adebayo Sulaimon

Overview (Contd)
Transient flow (Infinite Acting Reservoir)
= , = =

= , =

, =

(Dirichlet/Inner-Boundary condition)

log + log

3.23

Dr Aliyu Adebayo Sulaimon

Overview (Contd)
Steady state (CPB exists)

= , = ;

= , =

ln

Dr Aliyu Adebayo Sulaimon

Overview (Contd)
Pseudo-steady state (NFB exists)

= , =

= , =

=
=

. .

Dr Aliyu Adebayo Sulaimon

Overview (Contd)
Flow regimes in a reservoir

Pressure (psi)

Transient

Late
transient

Steady state
Pseudo-steady state

Time (hr)
Dr Aliyu Adebayo Sulaimon

Overview (Contd)
Class Attempt:
Can you sketch the Pressure (P) vs Radial
Distance (r) Curve for each of the flow
regimes?

Dr Aliyu Adebayo Sulaimon

Overview (Contd)
Profiles of Pressure vs Drainage Radius at Different Time Intervals
(Transient flow condition)
= =

Pressure (psi)

= , ,

Radial distance (ft)

Dr Aliyu Adebayo Sulaimon

Overview (Contd)
Profiles of Pressure vs Drainage Radius at Different Time Intervals
(Pseudo-Steady Flow)

Pressure (psi)

Radial distance (ft)

Dr Aliyu Adebayo Sulaimon

Overview (Contd)
Pressure vs Drainage Radius Profiles for Different Time Intervals
(Steady State Flow)

Pressure (psi)

= , ,

Radial distance (ft)

Dr Aliyu Adebayo Sulaimon

Overview (Contd)
The Concept of Skin

Actual pressure drop higher than calculated

Skin is any permeability impairment due to wellbore

damage caused by drilling, completion or even
production operations

Skin Factor (S.F) a numerical value which can indicate

the extent of damage or permeability improvement at
the wellbore

S.F can be positive (i.e. damage) or negative (i.e.

stimulated)
Dr Aliyu Adebayo Sulaimon

Overview (Contd)
Types of Skin

total skin effect =

skin effect due to formation damage (+ve)

skin effect due to partial penetration (+ve)

; = , , , , ,

skin effect due to perforation (+ve)

skin effect due to turbulence or rate-dependent skin

(+ve)

skin effect due to slanting of well (-ve)

skin effect due to stimulation (mostly -ve)

Dr Aliyu Adebayo Sulaimon

Overview (Contd)
Corrected Darcys equation

Dr Aliyu Adebayo Sulaimon

EXAMPLE

Given the following reservoir, wellbore and fluid

data, calculate the flowing bottom-hole pressure
assuming the wellbore is not damaged.

=
; = ; = .

= ; = . ; = . ;

= .
; = ;

Dr Aliyu Adebayo Sulaimon

EXAMPLE
Solution:
=

,
=

,
= .
.

...
.

.
.

= .
Dr Aliyu Adebayo Sulaimon

ASSIGNMENT 1
Given the data below, analyze the effect of skin on
flowing bottom hole pressure and demonstrate the
effect of drainage area on oilwell production rate.

=
; = ; = .

= ; = . ;

= . ; = .
; = ;

Dr Aliyu Adebayo Sulaimon

ASSIGNMENT 2
Derive the two equations given below from the
diffusivity equation and explain the difference in their
applications.

. .

Dr Aliyu Adebayo Sulaimon

REVIEW QUESTIONS (T/F)

There are four flow regimes in a reservoir system

TRUE

A well is producing in pseudo-steady state when the

pressure pulse is felt in all the boundaries of the
drainage area

TRUE

For a reservoir bounded by an aquifer, the rate of

change of pressure at the boundary is constant

FALSE

A zero skin factor indicates that the wellbore is

partially stimulated rather than damaged

FALSE

Dr Aliyu Adebayo Sulaimon

QUESTIONS?

Thank you
Dr Aliyu Adebayo Sulaimon