DESIGN OF INTZE WATER TANK

Name of work:1
2
3
3
4
4

5
6
7
8

pkn

Top Dome

1000000
16.00
1.50
1.50
8
M
20
cc
5
cb
7
fy
Steel HYSD
415
Resistance to cracking ct
1.2
25
Nominal Cover
1:
Depth / diameter Ratio
0.75
Tank capacity
Height of tower from G.L.
Live load on Dome
Intencity of wind
Noumber of columns
Conrete

Reinforcement
Top Dome
(main / distri. )
Top Ring Beam
two ledge srirrups

Vertical wall
2 m from top
4 m from top
8 m from top
2 m from top
4 m from top
8 m from top
Bottom Ring Beam

Ltr.
mtr
kN/m2

kN/m2
No.

N/mm2
N/mm2

1000

m3
Foudation from G.L.
Finishes load
wt of water
Bearing capcity of earth

unit weight
m
Q
Tensile stress (Tank)

cb

N/mm2

mm

Effective Cover

100 mm thick

1.00
0.1
10
250
24
13
0.897
150
1.7
40

mtr
kN/m2
kN/m3
kN/m2
kN/m3

Top Ring Beam

300

Distri. Steel
Distri. Steel
Distri. Steel

Main
Distri. Steel

300

2.00 m

12.00 m
8.00 m

N/mm2

N/mm2

Conocal Dom

Bottom Ring Beam

mm

1200

600

mm

600 mm thick

Borrom sperical Dom 300 mm

8
12
8

mm
mm
mm

160
8
300

mm c/c both way

Nos.
mm c/c

10
16
20
10
10
10

mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm

190
250
190
260
170
130

mm c/c both side

mm c/c both side
mm c/c both side
mm c/c both side
mm c/c both side
mm c/c both side

20
10

mm
mm

18
150

Nos.
mm c/c

25
10
10
25
12
25
10
32
10
25
10
25
25
12
25
12

mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm

190
130
120
6
110
5
300
8
300
4
300
6
3
130
200
180

mm c/c
mm c/c
mm c/c both side
Circular
Nos.
Girder for Raft
4
mm c/c
750 X
1000
Ledge
Nos.
mm
strirrup
near
2
mm c/c
Ledge
supports
O.K.
Nos.
3.00
strirrup
near
mm c/c
Nos. at top and bottomsupports
2
mm c/c
Ledge strirrup
Nos.
Nos.
4
mm c/c
Ledge strirrup
mm c/c
mm c/c

1.60 m

Bottom
Circular Girder
600

hoop ring
hoop ring
hoop ring

2.00 m
2.00

8.00 M

1200

4.00 m

Circular
Group of columns
650

mm dia

Braces

4.00 m

4.00 m

Conical wall
Main
Distri. Steel

Bottom sperical Dome

Bottom circular girder
Main top
Vertical strirrups
Main bottom

Vertical strirrups
Main
Latral
main
strirrups

Column supprting tower

Bracing

Circular girder for Raft

Raft Foundation slab

bottom

top
strirrups
main
Distribution

4.00 m
N.S.L.
1.00

5.00 m

500

m
1000
250

11.00 m

pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in
25 mm @

8 mm @

160

mm c/c Both side

6 Nos. top

1200

100

10 mm @
150 mm c/c strirrup

600

Bottom circular girder

300

Reiforcement in circular girder

B1
300

12 mm @
8 mm @

6.00 M
8
Nos.
300
mm c/c

columns

0 m
200
mm
300
mm

10
10
10
16

mm
mm
mm
mm

@
@
@
@

190
260
170
250

mm c/c
mm c/c
mm c/c
mm c/c

200

200

Fillet

10 mm strirrup

Braces

300 mm c/c

2 m
20 mm @

190

mm c/c

10 mm @

130

mm c/c

500
500

4 m

25 mm
4 nos.top
25 mm
4 nos.Bottom

Reinfocement in Brace

400
mm

20 mm @
18
10 mm @
150
600 mm

Nos.
mm c/c

25 mm
10 mm

300

3 nos.top

300 mm c/c

12 mm

32 mm

130 mm c/c

8 mm c/c

25 mm
200 mm c/c

mm
nos.top
25 mm
6 nos.top
12 mm
6 nos.top

Reinforcement Detail in r columns

25
6
12
110
12
6
25
5

mm @
Nos. top

32 mm

10 mm

mm @

8 nos.

300 mm c/c

mmc/c.strirrup

1200

mm @
Nos.both side

mm @
Nos.bottom
Reinforcement detail in Intze Tank.

pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in

Reinforcement Detail in circular girder and Raft foundation slab

Cross -section of Bottom Ring girder

DESIGN OF INTZE WATER TANK

1000000
16.0
1.50
1.50
8
20
M cb
7
ct
5
415
Steel HYSD
fy
Resistance to cracking cb
1.2
25
Nominal cover
Tank capacity
Height of tower from G.L.
Live load on Dome
Intencity of wind
Noumber of columns
Conrete

2 Design Constants: For HYSD Bars

for water Tank st
150
N/mm2

cb

7
=
0.378
k
0.874
J =
R = 1.156
3 Dimention of tank:D
We have,

ltr
m
kN/m2
kN/m2
No.

or
foundation from G.L.
Finishes load
wt of water
Bearing capcity of
wt. of concrete

N/mm2

m =

N/mm
N/mm2

Q =
Tensile stess =

N/mm2
mm

cb =

Effective cover =
=

20

13

Cocrete M

N/mm2

m3
mtr
kN/m2
kN/mm3
kN/m2
kN/mm3

N/mm2
N/mm2
mm

24 kN/mm3
= 230 N/mm2

wt. of concrete
st

x 0.75 D
=
4
Height of cylindrical portion of tank
Depth of conical Dome D/5 or D/6
Diameter of supporting tower
Spacing of bracing

1000
=
=
=
=

m3

0.75 x
12.00 /

8
4

D
11.93
6

=
=

11.930

Say

8.00
2.00

m
m

12.00

m
m

or = 0.10 m
2.4
kN/m2
1.50
kN/m2
0.10
kN/m2
4.00
kN/m2

=
x

100 mm
1
24
=
=
=
Total load
=

D = diameter of Tank =

"=

0.283
0.906
1.669

= 0.75 D

Assuming the average depth

x D2

4 Design of top dome :Thickness of dome slab

Self load of dome =
0.10
x
1
Live load
finishes

12.00

D/22+r2
6.00 2+ 2.00 2
=
or =
2r
2.00
2
x
/ 10.00 = 0.80 or
37
cos =
=
8
4.00 x 10.00
p xR1
Maridianal thrust at edge 'T'=
=
1
+ 0.80
1 + cos
1.00
Circumferential force =wR cose f = 4.00
x 10.00 x 0.80
cos f
22.20 x
1000
Maridianal Stress =
=
0.22
N/mm2
100 x 1000
9.78 x 1000
Hoop stress
=
=
0.10
N/m2
1000 x
100
The stress are with in safe limit. However provide minimum reinforcement @
0.3
=
x 1000 x
100
=
300
mm2
Ast
100
3.14xdia2
3.14
using
8
mm bars
A
=
=
4 x100
Spacing of hoop Bars = 1000 x
50.2 /
300 =
167
the radius

1000
1.00
0.10
10
250
24
13
0.897
150
1.7
35

k =
J =
R=

Inside diameter of tank

If R = radious of dome

=
=
=
=
=
=

r = central rise = D/6=

rtop is given by, R =

10.00

2.00

degree

=
-

22.20
1.00
=
1.80

<

<

5.00

N/m
9.78

N/mm2
N/mm2

kN/m
Safe
safe

0.3 % of area in each direction.

x
4

8
x
say

x
8
= 50.2
100
=
160 mm

Hence Provided

mm bar, @

160

mm c/c in both circumferenially and meridionanlly.

pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in

5 Design of top ring Beam :22.20

x 0.800 x 12.00
T1 cos - D
=
= 106.60
kN
2
2
Permissible stress in high yield strenth deformed bars =
150 N/mm2,
106.60 x
1000
Ast
=
711
mm2
=
150
3.14xdia2
3.14 x 12 x
12
using
### mm bars
A
=
=
= 113
4 x100
4 x 100
No.of hoop Bars = 711
/
113 =
7
No.
say
8.0
No.
mm Ring bar, for symetry.
8
Hence Provided
No 12
Hoop tension'=F1=

Actual , Ast
=
8
x 113 =
904
mm2
Equivelent area of composite section of beam
If Ac = cross section of ring beam
106.60 x 1000
=
1.2 Ac
=
77077 mm2
Ac + m x
904
Provide ring beam
mm2
300 x 300 = 90000
300 mm c/c to tie the
8 x 12 mm ring beam.
Provide
8 mm strirrups @
6 Design of Cylendrical Tank wall :Since dome roof has been design on membrane the analysis, the tank wall may be assumed
to be free on top and bottom, Maximum hoop tension occurs at the base of wall,
wHD
10
x 8.00 x 12.00
Maximum hoop tension at base=
=
=
480
kN/m height
2
2
mm2 per meter height
Area of ring Req. =
480000 /
150 =
or 1600 mm2 both side
3200
2.00 x
3200
To resist the hoop tension at 2 mtere below top, Ash
=
800.0 mm2
8
3.14xdia2
3.14 x 10 x
10
using
### mm bars
A
=
=
= 79
4 x100
4 x 100
1000 x 78.5
=
196
mm
spacing of ### mmrings =
800.0 /
2
mm bar, @ 190
10
Hence Provided
mm c/c both direction from top 0 to
2 mtr from top
4.00 x
3200
To resist the hoop tension at 4 mtere below top, Ash
=
1600
mm2
8
3.14xdia2
3.14 x 16 x
16
using
### mm bars
A
=
=
= 201
4 x100
4 x 100
1000 x
201
=
251
mm
spacing of ### mmrings =
1600 /
2
mm bar, @ 250
16
Hence Provided
mm c/c both direction from top 2
to
4 mtr from top
8.00 x
3200
To resist the hoop tension at 8 mtere below top, Ash
=
3200
mm2
8
3.14xdia2
3.14 x 20 x
20
using
### mm bars
A
=
=
= 314
4 x100
4 x 100
1000 x
314
=
196
mm
spacing of ### mmrings =
3200 /
2
mm bar, @ 190
20
8 mtr from top
Hence Provided
mm c/c both direction from top 4
to
1000 x 314
Actual , Ast
=
2
x
=
3305 mm2
190
The spacing of ring may be increased towards the top, since pressure varies lineearly
Using a tensile stress of 1.2N/mm2 for the the combined section ,
480
x
1000
thickness T is given by=
= 1.2
1000 T + ( 13
x 3305 )
From which T
=
360 mm

say = 400 mm
mm, at bottom and
Hence provided =
Av thickness =
300
400
200 mm at top
Distribution reinforcement
0.30
=
x 200 x 1000 =
600
mm2
At top , Ast
100
Provide half the reinfocement near each face, Asd =
300 mm2

3.14xdia2
3.14 x 10 x
10
=
4 x100
4 x 100
/
The spacing of ### mmbars = 1000 x
79
300 = 260 mm c/c
mm bar, @ 260 mm c/c both direction from top
10
Hence Provided
0 to
0.30
x 300 x 1000 =
900
mm2
At middle , Ast =
100
Provide half the reinfocement near each face, Asd =
450 mm2
3.14xdia2
3.14 x 10 x
10
using
### mm bars
A
=
=
4 x100
4 x 100
/
The spacing of ### mmbars = 1000 x
79
450 = 170 mm c/c
mm bar, @ 170 mm c/c both direction from top
10
Hence Provided
2 to
0.30
x 400 x 1000 =
1200
mm2
At bottom , Ast =
100
Provide half the reinfocement near each face, Asd =
600 mm2
2
3.14xdia
3.14 x 10 x
10
using
### mm bars
A
=
=
4 x100
4 x 100
/
The spacing of ### mmbars = 1000 x
79
600 = 130 mm c/c
mm bar, @ 130 mm c/c both direction from top
10
Hence Provided
4 to
Keep clear cover
7 Design of Bottom Ring Beam :Load on ring beam:
(A) Load due to top dome = (Meridional trust x sin)
=
22.20 x
sin###
=
22.20 x 0.602 =
13.36 kN/m
(B) Load due to top ring beam
= 0.30
x 0.30 x
24
=
2.16 kN/m
Load due to cylendrical wall
= 0.30
x 8.00 x
24
=
57.6 kN/m
(D) Self load of Ring beam
1.20 x 0.60 = 1.20 x
Assuming Beam
0.60 x
24
=
17.28 kN/m
90.40 kN/m say
Total
=
91.00 kN/m
Horizontal force = H = V1 cot f = 91.00 x
1
=
91.00 kN/m
Hoop tension
Hg =((H x D )/2
=( 91.00 x 12.00 )/ 2.00 =
546
kN/m
Hoop Tension due to water pressure =(( wh.d.D)/2 )
x
Hw =( 10.00
8.00 x
0.60
x 12.00 ) /
2
=
288
kN/m
Total Hoop tension = Hg + Hw =
546 + 288.0 = 834.00 kN/m
This to be rested entirely by steel hoops, the area of which is Ash=
150
834 x 1000 /
using

###

mm bars

79

2 mtr from top

79

4 mtr from top

79

8 meter upto
25

5560

3.14xdia
3.14 x 20 x
20
using
### mm bars
A
=
=
= 314
4 x100
4 x
100
No.of hoop Bars = 5560 /
314 =
18
No.
say
18
No.
Hence Provided
18 No 20 mm Ring bar, for symetry.
Actual , Ast =
18
x
314
= 5652
mm2
834
x
1000
1.05
N/mm2
<
Stress in equivalent section =
=
1200 x
600
+
13 x
5652
Hence safe
The ### mm distribution bars (vertical bars) provided in the wall @
150 mm c/c should taken
round the above ring to act as strirrups.
2

8 Design of conical dome wall :2

=
10.00
Avrage diameter of conical dome = ( 12.00 + 8.00 ) /
2.00 /
2
9.00
Avrage depth of water
=
8.00
+
=
9.00 x 2.00 x
Weight of water above conical dome
= 3.140 x 10.00 x
10 =
5652
2.83 x
0.6 x
Self weight of slab
mm thick =
3
x 10.00 x
24 =
1279
600
3.14
x
12.00
91.00
Load from top dome,top beam, wall & bottom beam = =
=
3429
x
=
10360 kN
Total load on conical slab
V2
3.14 x
8.00 )= 413
Load / unit Length
= 10360 / (
kN/m
413 x 1.414 = 584
=
413 xcosec 45 =
kN
Meridional thrust = T = V2 x Cosec
2
584 x
600 x 1000 )= 0.97 < 5.00 N/mm
safe
Meridional Stress =
1000 ) /(
Hoop tension in conical dome will be maximum at top of the conical dome slab since diameter D is maximum
at this section.
Hoop tension = H =( p.cosec + q. cot ) . D/2

Water pressure = p =

10.00 x
8.00
Weight of conical dome slab per m2 is computed as,
q= 0.6
f =
45 Degree
D
80.00 x cosec
45
+
14.4
H =
=(
80.00 x 1.4142 +
14.4
x
1

=
80.00 kN/m2
x
24 =
14.4
= 12 m
x cot 45 x D /2
)x 12.00 / 2
=

kN/m2

765

kN

pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in

Whole of which is to be resisted by steel, As = 765000

5100
/
2
Area of each face =
2
3.14xdia
using
### mm bars
A
=
4 x100
/ 2550
The spacing of ### mmbars = 1000 x
491
25 mm bar, @
Hence Provided
190
1000 x 491
Actual , Ast
=
2
x
190
0.20
At bottom , Ast
=
x 600
100
Provide half the reinfocement near each face, Asd =
600
3.14xdia2
using
### mm bars
A
=
4 x100
/
The spacing of ### mmbars = 1000 x
79
600
10 mm bar, @
Hence Provided =
130
765
x
1000
Maximim tenssile stress
=
600 x 1000 +
13
9 Design of Bottom Sperical Dome:Thickness of Dom slab is assume =
Diameter at base of slab = D
=
=
Central rise (1/5 x D)
If R = radious of dome
D = diameter of base =
D/22+r2
4.00 2+
=
the radius is given by, R =
2r
2
x
Self weight of Dome slab =
2x 3.14 x 5.800 x
Volume of water above the dome is =
=

3.14

4.00

10.0

Weight of water
=
Total load on dome =

460.0
420.0
V2

Load / unit Length

Meridional thrust = T = wR/1+cos
T2

Meridional Stress =

337.00 x

Circumferential force = wR

wR =
Hoop strss =(

83.60

Provide nominal reinforcement =

100
1

x
+

)-

x
+
=

cos =
5.80
=
0.724

300 x
1
1+ cos

1000 ) /(
cos
100

1000 ) /(
0.30
x
100

5.80
300
300

3.14xdia2
4 x100
Spacing of hoop Bars = 1000 x
79 /
mm
bar,
@
10
Hence Provided

using

###

mm bars

10 Design of Bottom Circilar Girder :Thurst from the conical dome T1

Acting at angle of

=
=

150 =
5100 mm2
= 2550
mm2
3.14 x 25 x
25
=
=
4 x 100
= 190 mm c/c
mm c/c on each face of the slab

5164

=
x

1000

491

mm2
=

1200

mm2

mm2
3.14 x 10 x
10
= 79
4 x 100
= 130 mm c/c
mm c/c on both face along the meridions.
1.15
N/mm2
<
=
x
5164
Hence safe
=

300
8.00
1.6
8.00 m
1.60 2
1.60
1.60 x
6.28

mm
m
m
or R =

5.80

0.300

420.00

x 1.60

3.14 x
4.00
3.00

5.80

5020 / (
4.20 /

=
=
3.14 x
5.80 =

337.00

kN/m

x 24.00 =

5.80
3.00

1000 )=

1.12 <

1.60

1000

mm2

=
650 =

460

5.00 N/mm2

5.00 N/mm2

900

kN

4600
kN
kN
5020
100
kN/m
16.00 )=
0.724
= 44

1
=
1.724
1000 )= 0.28 <
-

1.60

r = central rise = D/5=

10.00
4600

x 0.724

83.60

3.14 x 10
4
121
say

x
=

safe

kn/m

10

safe

79

120 mm

120 mm c/c curmferentially and along the meridions.

413.00
45

kN/m
Degree

Thrust from sperical dome T2

Acting at angle of
Net horizontal force on ring beam
Net horizontal force on ring beam
= 413.0
= 51.71
Hoop compression in the beam
Assuming size of ring beam

= 337.00 kN/m
=
44.50 Degree
= T1 cos - T2 cos
x 0.707 - 337.0 x 0.713 =
=
x
8
/
2.00
600 x 1200 mm

51.71
206.84

kN/m
kN

pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in

Hoop strss =(

206.84 x
600 x 1200 )= 0.29 < 5.00 N/mm2
safe
1000 ) /(
Vertical load on ring beam =( T1 sin + T2 sin )
=
413.0
kN/m
x 0.707 + 337.0 x 0.701 =
529
Self weight of Beam =
0.60 x 1.200 x 24.00 =
18.00 kN/m
Total Load
547.0 kN/m

Total design load on the Ring girder = W = 3.14 x D x w

W
kN
= 3.14 x 8.000 x 547 = 13741
The circular girder supported on
8
column. Using the moment cofficient given in table 4.1
0.0083 x
Maximum negative bending moment on supports =
wR
457 kN.m
M
=
0.0083 x
### x 4.00 =
Maximum Positive B.M. at mid span section =
0.0041 x
wR
226 kN/m
=
0.0041 x
### x 4.00 =
Maximum Torsional moment
=
0.0006 x
wR
33
kN/m
=
0.0006 x
### x 4.00 =
2
=
859
Shear force at suppoprt section is = V = (w.R.p/4)/2
= 547.0 x
4
x 0.79 )/
12.75 degree from higher support)
Shear force at section of maximum torsion is (At an angle of
373 kN
x 12.75 )/ 180 =
859
-( 547.0 x 3.14
x
4
V =
M
Design of support section
=
457
V =
859 kN
457
x 1000000
=
=
934
mm
d
0.874
x 600
1150
Provide depth =
1200
mm
cover =
50 mm
Afective depth =
Mc
457
x
1000000
Ast =
=
=
3031
mm2
150 x 0.874 x 1150
st. j.d
3.14xdia2
3.14 x 25 x
25
using
### mm bars
A
=
=
= 491
4 x100
4 x 100
6
No.of Bars = 3031 /
491 =
No.
Actual , Ast =
6 x
491
= 2944
mm2
859
x 1000
tv =
= 1.24
N/mm2
600
x 1150
100 x 2944
100 Ast
tc
% of steel used =
=
= 0.427 %
= 0.27 N/mm2

600 x 1150
bxd
0.27 < 1.24
Since tc < Tv
Shear reinforcement required
0.27 x
600
x 1150
Shear taken by concrete
=
=
186
kN
1000
Balance shear = 859 186
=
673
kN
Using
### mm
4 legged strirups, spacing is,
4
150
x
x 113.04 x 1150
sv
=
=
116
mm
673
x
1000
mm bar, @ 110 mm c/c center near supports.
12
Hence Provided
Design of mid span section:Mc
Ast =
st. j.d
But minimum area of steel is
using

###

mm bars

=
=

226
150 x
0.30
x
100
A

x
0.874
600

1000000
x 1150

1499

mm2

2160

mm2

3.14 x
4
No.

25
x

1200

3.14xdia2
4 x100
/
491 =

491

2453

No.of Bars = 2160

5
Actual , Ast =
x
226
x 1000
tv =
=
600
x 1150
100 x
100 Ast
% of steel used =
=
600 x
bxd

0.33
2453
1150

x
25
100

491

mm2

N/mm2
= 0.356 %

tc

0.25

N/mm2

< Tv
0.25
=

0.25 < 0.33

600
x 1150
Shear taken by concrete
=
1000
Balance shear = 226 173
=
54
Using
### mm
2 legged strirups, spacing is,
2
150
x
x 78.5
x 1150
sv
=
=
54
x
1000
But Sv > 0.75d or 300 mm whichever is less =
mm ,
10
2 legged strirrups
Hence Provided
@
Design of section subject to maximum torsion:T
= 33.00 kN
D
=
V
=
373 kN
b
=
1+D/b
1+
1200 /
600
Mt =
T
= 33.00
=
1.7
1.7
Me1
= (M+M1) =
0
+ 59.00 =
59.00
Mc
59
x
1000000
Ast =
=
=
150 x 0.874 x 1150
st. j.d
0.30
But minimum area of steel is =
x
600
x 1200 =
100
3.14xdia2
using
### mm bars
A
=
=
4 x100
5
No.of Bars = 2160 /
491 =
5
Actual , Ast =
x
491
= 2453
Since tc

Equivalent shear = Ve = V+1.6T/b

Ve
bd
100 Ast
% of steel used =
bxd
Since tc
Using
### mm
Asv . Asv
Spacing sv =
Tv-Tc)b
12
Hence Provided
Tve =

373

1.6

Shear reinforcement required

173

kN

kN
506

mm

0.75

say

x 1150 =

500

863 mm

300 mm c/c .
1200 mm
600 mm
59.00

d
M

=
=

1150
0

491

kN.m

kN.m
391

mm2

2160

mm2

3.14 x
4
No.
mm2
33.00
x
=
0.6

25
x

461

x
25
100

kN

461 x 1000
=
0.668 N/mm2
600 x 1150
100 x 2453
tc
=
= 0.356 %
= 0.25 N/mm2

600 x 1150
0.25 < 0.67
< Tv
Shear reinforcement required
4 legged strirups,with side cover of 25mm and top and bottom cover of 50mm
4
x 113.04 x 150
=
=
270
mm
0.668 0.25 ) x
600
mm ,
4 legged strirrups
@ 270 mm c/c .
=

11 Design of columns of supporting tower :The tank is supported on 8

columns, symemetrically placed on a circle of
8
mean diameter . Height of staging above ground level is
16.0 m. Let us assume the height of bracing is
mt
.
Hence
Panels
of
m
height
each and
4.00
3
4.00
1 panel of 4.00 m height.
The top of which is provided at
Let the columns is connected to raft foundation by means of a ring beam.
1.00
meter below the ground level, so that the actual height of bottom pannel is
5.00 m height
load on columns
Vertical load on each column
Self weight of column diameter mm

height meter
weight of bracing (
x
500

650 =

0.785

= 13741 /
x 0.65 2x

8
16

24.0

=
=

1718
128

16

500 ) =

Wind force on column

Intensity of wind pressure
= 1.50 kN/m2
(a) wind force on top of dome and culendrical wall.
=
9.00 x
12.00
(b) Wind force on conical dome=
2.00 x
10.00
1.2 x
8.00
(c ) Wind force on bottom ring beam
(d) wind force on 5 no. column=
5 x
0.65

0.5
x 0.5 x 3.14 x 24.0
Total vertical load on each column =

1903

Reduction coffiecent of circular shape =

x
x
x
x

0.70
0.70
0.70
0.70

x
x
x
x

1.50
1.50
1.50
1.50

x
x
x
x

16.0

57

=
=
=
=

0.70
114
21
11
55

1.50
= 18
Total Horizontal force
= 219
Assuming contraflexure point at mid height of columns
and fixidity at base due to raft foundation, the
M
moment at the base columns is computed as
=
219 x
4.00 /
2 =
438
kN.m

(e) wind force in bracing

0.5 x

8.00

If M1 =Moment at the base of columns due to wind load

=(
114
x
23
+
21
x
17
+
6
x 8.00
+
6
If V = Reaction devloped at the base of exterior columns
V
V
= 3299 +
x
2
r2
M1 = M +
r1
4
= 3299 +
V
x
16
V
=
3299
/
16
=
207

Total load on leeward column at base

Moment in each column in the base

Reinforcement in column ;Axial load = P =
Bending moment = M =

+
x

11
4.00

=
=

1903
438

x 16.00 +
6
x 12
)
=
3299 kN.m

4
2

+
/

207
8

=
=

2110
55.0

kN
kN.m

2110
kN
55.0
kN.m
55.0 x
1000000
eccentricity = (M/P) =
=
26.07 mm
x
1000
2110
Since eccentricity is small, direct stress are predominent.
Using
8 bars of ### mm and latral tis of10 mm at 300 mm c/c
Ast
=
8
x 0.785 x
32
x 32.00 = 6431
mm2
AC =
0.785
x 650 2+( 1.50
x
13 x 6431 )
= 457067 mm3
moment of ineria, le =
0.785
x 325 4+( 1.50
x
13 )x
4
x 804 x 275 2+
4
x
804 x ( 275 / 1.414 )2
=
8757962890.625 +( 19.5 )x(
243210000
+ 3216 x
37812.5
=
8757962890.625
+
4742595000
+
121605000
= 13622162890.625 mm4
2110 x
1000
Direct compressve stress = 'cc =
= 4.62 N/mm2
457067
55.0
x 1000 x 1000 x 325
Bending stress = 'cb =
= 1.31 N/mm2
13622162890.625
Permissible stress in concrete is increased by 33.33% while considering wind effect.
'cc
'cb
4.62
1.31
=
+
<
1
or
+
cc
cb
5
x 1.33
7
x 1.33
= + = 0.84
=
0.84
<
1
O.K.
12 Design of Bracing :Moment In Brace
= 2 x Moment in column x (2)0.5 =
2
x 55.0 x 2.00
=
kN.m
156.00
Section of braces
= 500
x 500 mm
b
= 500 mm
and
d
=
450 mm

Moment of resistance of section is

2
M1
0.897 x 500 x
=
450
=
90821250
or 91.00 kN.m
Balance moment = M1 - M2 = 156.00 - 91.00 =
65.00 kN.m
Mc
91
x
1000000
Ast1 =
=
=
971.0
mm2
230 x 0.906 x 450
st. j.d
Mc
65
x
1000000
Ast2 =
=
=
781.0
mm2
230 x 0.906 x 400
st. j.d
Ast
= Ast1 + Ast2
= 971 + 781 =
1752
mm2

3.14xdia2
3.14 x 25 x
25
using
### mm bars
A
=
=
= 491
4 x100
4 x 100

No.of Bars = 1752 /

491
4
Actual , Ast =
x
491
Length of barces L =
2
=
2
Moment in brace
Maximum shear force in brace. =
1/2 x brace length
102.00 x
1000
=
tv
500
450
% of steel used =

100 Ast

bxd
Since tc

100

1963

500

450

< tv

Balance shear
###

sv

But

>

Sv

Hence Provided

mm

=
x
x
=

0.36

No. bars at top and bottom

1963
mm2
4.00 x
sin
4.00 x 0.38
156.00
0.5 x
3.06

22.5
=

3.06 m

102.00 kN

0.46
500 x

N/mm2

0.36

N/mm2

Shear reinforcement required

450

1000
102.0

0.46

tc

= 0.872 %

0.36 <

Shear carried by concrete =

Using

81.00

81.00

kN

21.00

kN

2 legged strirups, spacing is,

150

2
21

0.75d

10

78.5

or

300

mm ,

450

1000

505

mm

mm whichever is less

0.75

450

2 legged strirrups

@ 300 mm c/c .

Say
=

338

500
or

330

13 Design of foundation:A circular girder with raft slab is provided for tower foundations.
Total load on foundation =

1903

Self weight of foundation @

10%

15224.0 kN

1522.0

kN

Total Load = 16746.00 kN

Sefe bearing capacity of soil at site

Area required

16746 /

250

250.00

kN/m2

67.00

m2

Providing a raft slab with equal projections on either sideof a circular ring beam and if
b = width of raft slab, then =
Adopting a raft slab having inner diameter =
and Outer diameter

3.14

8.00 8.00 +

3.00 =

5.00 m

3.00 =

11.00 m

67.0 or b

2.67

say b =

3.00

Design of circular girder of raft slab

Total load on circular girder
=
15224.00
kN

8 )=
607
Load per meter run of girder
=
15224.00 / (
x
kN/m
Refering to moment coeffiecents given in table 4.1, the maximum moment in the circul;ar girder is computed.
maximum negative moment at support. K 1.W.R. =
0.0083 x
kN.m
### x
4 =
506
maximum positive moment at MID span. K2.W.R. =

12.75

maximum Torsional moment (at

Shear force at support section is

from support

607

0.0041

x
0.0006 x
x
4.00 x

### x
### x
p/4

4
4

250
37

kN.m

953

kN

413.00

kN

=
=

2.00

kN.m

Shear force at section of maximum torsion is

V

953

607

x
180

12.75

The support section is designed for maximum moment

maximum negative moment
M =
506.00 kN.m
Assuming the width of section =
750
M
=
506.00
V
506
x 1000000
=
=
868
d
0.897
x 750
Adopt depth =
mm
cover =
70
870
Mc
506
x
1000000
Ast =
=

Shear force

V=

953.00 kN

mm
=
953 kN
mm
mm
=

Over all depth =

2793

mm2

1000

Ast =
using

###

st. j.d
mm bars

230
A

No.of Bars = 2793

Actual , Ast =
6
953
x 1000
tv =
750
x 1000
100
100 Ast
% of steel used =
=
750
bxd
Tv
Since tc <
0.26
Shear taken by concrete
=
Balance shear =

953

0.906 x
3.14xdia2
=
4 x100
/
491 =

870

491

2944

1.27

x
x

2944
1000
0.26
750
1000
195

x
-

=
=

2793

mm2

3.14 x
4
No.

25
x

x
25
100

491

mm2

N/mm2

= 0.393 %
<
x
=

1.27
1000

tc

0.26

N/mm2

Shear reinforcement required

=

758

195

kN

kN

pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in

Using

###

sv

Hence Provided

mm
230

12

Steel required for mid span

Mc
Ast =
st. j.d

4 legged strirups, spacing is,

4
x
x 113.04 x 1000
=
137
mm
758
x
1000
mm bar, @ 130 mm c/c center near supports.

250
x
1000000
230 x 0.906 x 870
0.85 x
b.d
1
But minimum steel Ast
=
=
fy
3.14xdia2
using
### mm bars
A
=
4 x100
No.of Bars = 1380 /
491 =
3
Actual , Ast

491

1380

mm2

750 x 870
=
1337
415
3.14 x 25 x
25
=
=
4 x 100
No.

1472

mm2

491

mm2

The section subjected to maximum torsional moment and shear should be design for the following forces.
T
=
37
kN.m
D 1000
mm
V
=
413
kN
b
=
750
mm
M
=
0
d
= 870
mm
1 + D/b
1
+ 1000 /
750
Mt =
T
=
37
x
=
51.00 kN.m
1.7
1.7
Me1 = M + M1
=
0
+
51
=
51
kN.m
Mc
51
x
1000000
Ast =
=
=
281
mm2
230 x 0.906 x 870
st. j.d
0.85 x
b.d
1
x 750 x 870
But minimum steel Ast
=
=
=
1337
mm2
fy
415
3.14xdia2
3.14 x 25 x
25
using
### mm bars
A
=
=
= 491
4 x100
4 x 100
No.of Bars = 1337 /
491 =
3
No.
Actual , Ast =
3
Equivalent shear
Ve = V +1.65T/b

Tv
% of steel used =

100 Ast
bxd
Since tc

Shear taken by concrete

Balance shear =
Using
### mm
4
sv
=
0.75
12
Hence Provided
Design of Raft Slab:-

100
750
< Tv
0.19
=

x
=
=

413
492
750

=
+
x
x

1472
mm2
1.6 x( 37
/ 0.75 )=
1000
=
0.75 N/mm2
870

1337
= 0.205
870
0.19 < 0.75
x
750
x 870
1000
492 124
= 368
4 legged strirups, spacing is,
x 113.04 x
230
- 0.19 )x 1000
mm
4 legged strirrups

x
x

491

tc

492

0.19

kn

N/mm2

Shear reinforcement required

=

124

kN

kN
=

184

mm

@ 180 mm c/c center near supports.

Maximum projection of raft slab from face of coloum

3.00 0.75
=
=
1.123 m
2
15224
Siol pressure =
=
=
203
kN

x( 5.50 2 - 2.5 2)
Considring one meter width of raft slab along the circular arc.
w L2
203
x 1.123 2
Maximum Bending moment =
=
=
129
kN.m
2
2
129
x 1000000
=
=
380
mm
d
0.897
x 1000
Adopt depth =
mm
cover =
50 mm
Over all depth =
450
Mc
129
x
1000000
Ast =
=
=
1376
mm2
say
230 x 0.906 x 450
st. j.d
3.14xdia2
3.14 x 25 x
25
using ### mm bars
A
=
=
4 x100
4 x 100

500
= 2064

491

pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in

Spacing of bars
25
Hence Provided
actual steel used =
0.12
Distribution steel =

= 1000 x
mm bar, @
=
x

1000
500
100

x
x

491 /

200
491
1000

2064 =

238

say

200 =

2454

600

mm2

mm

###

mm bars

Shear force at a section

V
=

% of steel used =

100 Ast
bxd
Since tc

mm from face of columns

x 0.673 x 1.000 =
x 1000
137
tv
=
=
1000 x 450
100 x 2454
=
= 0.55 %
1000 x
450
0.310 > 0.304
> Tv

Reinforcement shown in drawing

450
203

mm2

3.14xdia2
3.14 x 12
=
4 x100
4 x
Spacing of bars s = 1000 x
113 /
600 =
188 mm
mm bar, @ 180 mm c/c to reduce shear stress
12
Hence Provided
using

200 mm
2454

mm c/c to reduce shear stress Ast =

x
12
100

113

137 kN.m
0.304

N/mm2
tc
O.K.

0.31

N/mm2

pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in

Safe
safe

a in each direction.

mm2

mm2

ring beam.

l may be assumed
kN/m height
mm2 both side

mm2

mtr from top

mm2

mtr from top

mm2

mtr from top

mm

mm2

mtr from top

mm2

mtr from top

mm2

meter upto
mm

mm2
mm2

1.2

should taken

10.00
9.00
5652
1279
3429

D is maximum

mm2

mm2

e meridions.
1.2

mm3

Degree

g the meridions.

mm2

kN

mm

mm2

ement required

mm2

ement required

mm

mm

mm2

ement required
cover of 50mm

m
of bracing is

kN
kN
kN
kN

kN
kN
kN
kN

kN
kN
ndation, the

(1/2)

mm2

ement required

mm
mm

m
m

is computed.

mm

mm2

ement required

mm2

ement required

mm
mm2
mm2

mm2

VALUES OF DESIGN CONSTANTS

Grade of concrete
Modular Ratio

M-15
18.67

M-20
13.33

M-25
10.98

M-30
9.33

M-35
8.11

M-40
7.18

cbc N/mm2
m cbc

8.5

10

11.5

13

93.33

93.33

93.33

93.33

93.33

93.33

kc

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

jc

0.867

0.867

0.867

0.867

0.867

0.867

Rc

0.867

1.214

1.474

1.734

1.994

2.254

Pc (%)

0.714

1.214

1.429

1.643

1.857

kc

0.329

0.329

0.329

0.329

0.329

0.329

(a) st =
140
N/mm2
(Fe 250)
(b) st =
190
N/mm2
(c ) st =
230
N/mm2
(Fe 415)
(d) st =
275
N/mm2
(Fe 500)

jc

0.89

0.89

0.89

0.89

0.89

0.89

Rc

0.732

1.025

1.244

1.464

1.684

1.903

Pc (%)

0.433

0.606

0.736

0.866

0.997

1.127

kc

0.289

0.289

0.289

0.289

0.289

0.289

jc

0.904

0.904

0.904

0.904

0.904

0.904

Rc

0.653

0.914

1.11

1.306

1.502

1.698

Pc (%)

0.314

0.44

0.534

0.628

0.722

0.816

kc

0.253

0.253

0.253

0.253

0.253

0.253

jc

0.916

0.916

0.916

0.914

0.916

0.916

Rc

0.579

0.811

0.985

1.159

1.332

1.506

Pc (%)

0.23

0.322

0.391

0.46

0.53

0.599

Grade of concrete

Permissible shear stress Table v in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

100As
M-15
0.18
0.22
0.29
0.34
0.37
0.40
0.42
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44

bd
< 0.15
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
2.25
2.50
2.75
3.00 and above

Permissible shear stress in concrete tv N/mm2

M-20
M-25
M-30
M-35
0.18
0.19
0.2
0.2
0.22
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.30
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.35
0.36
0.37
0.37
0.39
0.40
0.41
0.42
0.42
0.44
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.46
0.48
0.49
0.47
0.49
0.50
0.52
0.49
0.51
0.53
0.54
0.51
0.53
0.55
0.56
0.51
0.55
0.57
0.58
0.51
0.56
0.58
0.60
0.51
0.57
0.6
0.62

M-40
0.2
0.23
0.32
0.38
0.42
0.46
0.49
0.52
0.55
0.57
0.60
0.62
0.63

Maximum shear stress c.max in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

Grade of concrete

c.max

Shear stress tc

15
1.6

20
1.8

Reiforcement %

25
1.9

30
2.2

35
2.3

40
2.5

modification factore Table

100As
bd
0.14
0.15
0.16
0.17
0.18
0.19
0.2
0.21
0.22
0.23
0.24
0.25
0.26
0.27
0.28
0.29
0.3
0.31
0.32
0.33
0.34
0.35
0.36
0.37
0.38
0.39
0.4
0.41
0.42
0.43
0.44
0.45
0.46
0.47
0.48
0.49
0.5
0.51
0.52
0.53
0.54
0.55
0.56
0.57
0.58
0.59
0.6
0.61
0.62
0.63
0.64
0.65

M-20

M-20

0.17
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.23
0.23
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.26
0.26
0.26
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.29
0.29
0.29
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.31

0.17
0.18
0.19
0.2
0.21
0.22
0.23
0.24
0.25
0.26
0.27
0.28
0.29
0.30
0.31
0.32
0.33
0.34
0.35
0.36
0.37
0.38
0.39
0.4
0.41
0.42
0.43
0.44
0.45
0.46
0.46
0.47
0.48
0.49
0.50
0.51

0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.33

100As

% fy
0.0
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.2

bd
0.14
0.15
0.18
0.21
0.24
0.27
0.3
0.32
0.35
0.38
0.41
0.44
0.47
0.5
0.55
0.6
0.65
0.7
0.75
0.82
0.88
0.94
1.00
1.08
1.16
1.25
1.33
1.41
1.50
1.63
1.64
1.75
1.88
2.00
2.13
2.25

200

1.90
1.80
1.70
1.60
1.55
1.50
1.50
1.45
1.40
1.35
1.35
1.30
1.30
1.25
1.25
1.20
1.18
1.17
1.16
1.15
1.14
1.13
1.12
1.11
1.11
1.11

250

328

2.0
1.75
1.65
1.55
1.5
1.45
1.4
1.35
1.3
1.3
1.25
1.2
1.2
1.18
1.16
1.14
1.13
1.12
1.1
1.1
1.08
1.06
1.05
1.04
1.03
1.02
1.01
1.00

2
1.85
1.75
1.65
1.5
1.4
1.35
1.30
1.25
1.2
1.16
1.13
1.1
1.1
1.07
1.05
1.03
1.01
1.0
0.99
0.97
0.96
0.95
0.94
0.93
0.92
0.92
0.91
0.91
0.90
0.87
0.86

Value of angle
Degree

sin

cosine

tangent

sec

cosec

1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5

0.017
0.026
0.035
0.044
0.052
0.061
0.070
0.078
0.087
0.096

0.999
0.999
0.999
0.999
0.998
0.998
0.997
0.996
0.996
0.995

0.017
0.262
0.035
0.044
0.052
0.061
0.070
0.079
0.087
0.096

1.001
1.001
1.001
1.001
1.002
1.002
1.003
1.004
1.004
1.005

57.307
38.462
28.662
22.936
19.109
16.393
14.347
12.747
11.481
10.434

0.66
0.67
0.68
0.69
0.7
0.71
0.72
0.73
0.74
0.75
0.76
0.77
0.78
0.79
0.8
0.81
0.82
0.83
0.84
0.85
0.86
0.87
0.88
0.89
0.9
0.91
0.92
0.93
0.94
0.95
0.96
0.97
0.98
0.99
1.00
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19

0.33
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.34
0.34
0.34
0.34
0.34
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41

6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
10.5
11.0
11.5
12.0
12.5
13.0
13.5
14.0
14.5
15.0
15.5
16.0
16.5
17.0
17.5
18.0
18.5
19.0
19.5
20.0
20.5
21.0
21.5
22.0
22.5
23.0
23.5
24.0
24.5
25.0
25.5
26.0
26.5
27.0
27.5
28.0
28.5
29.0
29.5
30.0
30.5
31.0
31.5
32.0
32.5

0.104
0.113
0.122
0.131
0.139
0.148
0.156
0.165
0.174
0.182
0.191
0.199
0.208
0.819
0.225
0.233
0.242
0.250
0.259
0.259
0.276
0.284
0.292
0.301
0.309
0.317
0.326
0.334
0.342
0.350
0.358
0.367
0.375
0.383
0.391
0.399
0.407
0.415
0.422
0.431
0.438
0.446
0.454
0.462
0.469
0.477
0.485
0.492
0.500
0.508
0.515
0.522
0.530
0.537

0.994
0.993
0.992
0.991
0.990
0.989
0.987
0.986
0.984
0.983
0.981
0.979
0.978
0.976
0.974
0.972
0.970
0.968
0.965
0.963
0.961
0.958
0.956
0.953
0.951
0.948
0.945
0.942
0.939
0.936
0.933
0.930
0.927
0.923
0.920
0.917
0.913
0.909
0.906
0.905
0.897
0.894
0.891
0.887
0.882
0.878
0.874
0.870
0.866
0.861
0.857
0.852
0.848
0.843

0.105
0.114
0.123
0.132
0.141
0.149
0.158
0.168
0.176
0.185
0.194
0.204
0.213
0.839
0.231
0.240
0.249
0.259
0.268
0.269
0.287
0.296
0.306
0.316
0.325
0.335
0.344
0.354
0.364
0.374
0.384
0.394
0.404
0.415
0.425
0.435
0.445
0.456
0.466
0.476
0.489
0.499
0.510
0.521
0.532
0.543
0.555
0.566
0.577
0.589
0.601
0.613
0.625
0.637

1.006
1.007
1.008
1.009
1.010
1.011
1.013
1.014
1.016
1.017
1.019
1.021
1.022
1.025
1.027
1.029
1.031
1.033
1.036
1.038
1.041
1.044
1.046
1.049
1.052
1.055
1.058
1.062
1.065
1.068
1.072
1.075
1.079
1.083
1.087
1.091
1.095
1.100
1.104
1.105
1.115
1.119
1.122
1.127
1.134
1.139
1.144
1.149
1.155
1.161
1.167
1.174
1.179
1.186

9.615
8.834
8.210
7.663
7.189
6.766
6.394
6.046
5.760
5.488
5.241
5.016
4.810
1.221
4.446
4.284
4.134
3.995
3.864
3.864
3.628
3.521
3.421
3.326
3.236
3.152
3.072
2.996
2.924
2.856
2.791
2.729
2.670
2.613
2.560
2.508
2.459
2.411
2.370
2.323
2.282
2.241
2.203
2.166
2.130
2.096
2.063
2.031
2.000
1.970
1.942
1.914
1.887
1.862

1.20
1.21
1.22
1.23
1.24
1.25
1.26
1.27
1.28
1.29
1.30
1.31
1.32
1.33
1.34
1.35
1.36
1.37
1.38
1.39
1.40
1.41
1.42
1.43
1.44
1.45
1.46
1.47
1.48
1.49
1.50
1.51
1.52
1.53
1.54
1.55
1.56
1.57
1.58
1.59
1.60
1.61
1.62
1.63
1.64
1.65
1.66
1.67
1.68
1.69
1.70
1.71
1.72
1.73

0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46

33.0
33.5
34.0
34.5
35.0
35.5
36.0
36.5
37.0
37.5
38.0
38.5
39.0
39.5
40.0
40.5
41.0
41.5
42.0
42.5
43.0
43.5
44.0
44.5
45.0
45.5
46.0
46.5
47.0
47.5
48.0
48.5
49.0
49.5
50.0
50.5
51.0
51.5
52.0
52.5
53.0
53.5
54.0
54.5
55.0
55.5
56.0
56.5
57.0
57.5
58.0
58.5
59.0
59.5

0.545
0.552
0.559
0.566
0.573
0.581
0.588
0.595
0.602
0.609
0.616
0.623
0.629
0.636
0.643
0.649
0.656
0.663
0.669
0.676
0.682
0.688
0.695
0.701
0.707
0.713
0.719
0.725
0.731
0.737
0.742
0.749
0.755
0.760
0.766
0.772
0.777
0.786
0.788
0.793
0.799
0.804
0.809
0.814
0.819
0.824
0.829
0.834
0.839
0.843
0.848
0.853
0.857
0.862

0.838
0.833
0.829
0.824
0.819
0.814
0.809
0.803
0.798
0.793
0.788
0.782
0.777
0.771
0.766
0.760
0.754
0.748
0.743
0.737
0.731
0.725
0.719
0.713
0.707
0.700
0.694
0.688
0.681
0.675
0.669
0.662
0.656
0.649
0.642
0.636
0.629
0.622
0.615
0.608
0.601
0.594
0.587
0.580
0.573
0.566
0.559
0.551
0.544
0.537
0.529
0.522
0.515
0.507

0.650
0.663
0.675
0.687
0.700
0.713
0.726
0.741
0.754
0.768
0.781
0.796
0.810
0.825
0.839
0.854
0.870
0.886
0.901
0.917
0.933
0.949
0.966
0.983
1.000
1.019
1.036
1.054
1.074
1.092
1.109
1.131
1.150
1.172
1.193
1.213
1.235
1.263
1.281
1.305
1.329
1.353
1.378
1.404
1.429
1.456
1.483
1.513
1.542
1.570
1.603
1.633
1.664
1.699

1.193
1.200
1.206
1.214
1.221
1.229
1.236
1.245
1.253
1.261
1.269
1.279
1.287
1.297
1.305
1.316
1.326
1.337
1.346
1.357
1.368
1.379
1.391
1.403
1.414
1.429
1.441
1.453
1.468
1.481
1.495
1.511
1.524
1.541
1.558
1.572
1.590
1.608
1.626
1.645
1.664
1.684
1.704
1.724
1.745
1.767
1.789
1.815
1.838
1.862
1.890
1.916
1.942
1.972

1.836
1.812
1.788
1.766
1.745
1.722
1.702
1.681
1.662
1.643
1.624
1.606
1.589
1.572
1.555
1.540
1.524
1.509
1.495
1.480
1.466
1.453
1.440
1.427
1.414
1.402
1.390
1.379
1.367
1.356
1.348
1.335
1.325
1.315
1.305
1.296
1.287
1.273
1.269
1.261
1.252
1.244
1.236
1.228
1.221
1.213
1.206
1.199
1.192
1.186
1.179
1.173
1.167
1.161

1.74
1.75
1.76
1.77
1.78
1.79
1.80
1.81
1.82
1.83
1.84
1.85
1.86
1.87
1.88
1.89
1.90
1.91
1.92
1.93
1.94
1.95
1.96
1.97
1.98
1.99
2.00
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
2.10
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
2.15
2.16
2.17
2.18
2.19
2.20
2.21
2.22
2.23
2.24
2.25
2.26
2.27

0.46
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.51
0.51
0.51

60.0
60.5
61.0
61.5
62.0
62.5
63.0
63.5
64.0
64.5
65.0
65.5
66.0
66.5
67.0
67.5
68.0
68.5
69.0
69.5
70.0
70.5
71.0
71.5
72.0
72.5
73.0
73.5
74.0
74.5
75.0
75.5
76.0
76.5
77.0
77.5
78.0
78.5
79.0
79.5
80.0
80.5
81.0
81.5
82.0
82.5
83.0
83.5
84.0
84.5
85.0
85.5
86.0
86.5

0.866
0.870
0.875
0.879
0.883
0.887
0.891
0.895
0.899
0.903
0.906
0.910
0.914
0.917
0.921
0.924
0.927
0.930
0.934
0.937
0.940
0.943
0.946
0.948
0.951
0.954
0.956
0.959
0.961
0.964
0.966
0.968
0.970
0.982
0.974
0.976
0.978
0.980
0.982
0.983
0.985
0.986
0.988
0.989
0.999
0.991
0.993
0.994
0.995
0.995
0.996
0.997
0.998
0.998

0.500
0.492
0.484
0.477
0.469
0.461
0.453
0.446
0.438
0.430
0.422
0.414
0.406
0.398
0.390
0.382
0.374
0.367
0.358
0.350
0.342
0.333
0.326
0.317
0.309
0.301
0.292
0.284
0.276
0.267
0.259
0.250
0.242
0.233
0.225
0.216
0.208
0.199
0.191
0.182
0.174
0.165
0.156
0.148
0.139
0.131
0.122
0.113
0.105
0.096
0.087
0.078
0.070
0.061

1.732
1.769
1.807
1.842
1.883
1.924
1.967
2.007
2.052
2.099
2.148
2.198
2.250
2.304
2.360
2.418
2.479
2.539
2.608
2.674
2.747
2.831
2.904
2.989
3.078
3.172
3.271
3.376
3.488
3.606
3.732
3.868
4.011
4.209
4.332
4.511
4.705
4.915
5.145
5.396
5.673
5.977
6.315
6.691
7.178
7.597
8.145
8.777
9.517
10.389
11.431
12.716
14.302
16.362

2.000
2.033
2.066
2.096
2.132
2.169
2.208
2.242
2.283
2.326
2.370
2.415
2.463
2.513
2.564
2.618
2.674
2.729
2.793
2.856
2.924
3.003
3.072
3.152
3.236
3.326
3.420
3.521
3.628
3.743
3.864
3.995
4.134
4.284
4.446
4.621
4.810
5.016
5.241
5.488
5.760
6.061
6.394
6.766
7.185
7.663
8.206
8.834
9.569
10.438
11.474
12.755
14.337
16.393

1.155
1.149
1.143
1.138
1.133
1.127
1.122
1.117
1.113
1.108
1.103
1.099
1.095
1.091
1.086
1.082
1.079
1.075
1.071
1.068
1.064
1.061
1.058
1.055
1.052
1.049
1.046
1.043
1.040
1.038
1.035
1.033
1.031
1.018
1.026
1.024
1.022
1.021
1.019
1.017
1.015
1.014
1.013
1.011
1.001
1.009
1.008
1.007
1.006
1.005
1.004
1.003
1.002
1.002

2.28
2.29
2.30
2.31
2.32
2.33
2.34
2.35
2.36
2.37
2.38
2.39
2.40
2.41
2.42
2.43
2.44
2.45
2.46
2.47
2.48
2.49
2.50
2.51
2.52
2.53
2.54
2.55
2.56
2.57
2.58
2.59
2.60
2.61
2.62
2.63
2.64
2.65
2.66
2.67
2.68
2.69
2.70
2.71
2.72
2.73
2.74
2.75
2.76
2.77
2.78
2.79
2.80
2.81

0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51

87.0
87.5
88.0
88.5
89.0
89.5
90.0

0.999
0.999
0.999
1.000
0.9998
0.9999
1.000

0.052
0.044
0.035
0.026
0.017
0.009
0.000

19.083
22.913
28.637
38.299
57.295
114.931
1.000

cos
0.000
0.009
0.017
0.026
0.035
0.044
0.052
0.061
0.070
0.078
0.087
0.096
0.105
0.113
0.122
0.131
0.139
0.148
0.156
0.165
0.174
0.182
0.191
0.199
0.208
0.216
0.225
0.233
0.242
0.250
0.259
0.267
0.276
0.284
0.292
0.301
0.309
0.317
0.326
0.334
0.342
0.350
0.358

Degree
90.0
89.5
89.0
88.5
88.0
87.5
87.0
86.5
86.0
85.5
85.0
84.5
84.0
83.5
83.0
82.5
82.0
81.5
81.0
80.5
80.0
79.5
79.0
78.5
78.0
77.5
77.0
76.5
76.0
75.5
75.0
74.5
74.0
73.5
73.0
72.5
72.0
71.5
71.0
70.5
70.0
69.5
69.0

19.109
22.936
28.654
38.314
57.307
114.943

1.001
1.001
1.001
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000

2.82
2.83
2.84
2.85
2.86
2.87
2.88
2.89
2.90
2.91
2.92
2.93
2.94
2.95
2.96
2.97
2.98
2.99
3.00
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
3.07
3.08
3.09
3.10
3.11
3.12
3.13
3.14
3.15

0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51

0.366
0.374
0.382
0.390
0.398
0.406
0.414
0.422
0.430
0.438
0.446
0.453
0.461
0.469
0.477
0.484
0.492
0.500
0.507
0.515
0.522
0.529
0.537
0.544
0.551
0.559
0.566
0.573
0.580
0.587
0.594
0.601
0.608
0.615
0.622
0.629
0.636
0.642
0.649
0.656
0.662
0.669
0.675
0.681
0.688
0.694
0.700
0.707
0.713
0.719
0.725
0.731
0.737
0.743

68.5
68.0
67.5
67.0
66.5
66.0
65.5
65.0
64.5
64.0
63.5
63.0
62.5
62.0
61.5
61.0
60.5
60.0
59.5
59.0
58.5
58.0
57.5
57.0
56.5
56.0
55.5
55.0
54.5
54.0
53.5
53.0
52.5
52.0
51.5
51.0
50.5
50.0
49.5
49.0
48.5
48.0
47.5
47.0
46.5
46.0
45.5
45.0
44.5
44.0
43.5
43.0
42.5
42.0

0.748
0.754
0.760
0.766
0.771
0.777
0.782
0.788
0.793
0.798
0.803
0.809
0.814
0.819
0.824
0.829
0.833
0.838
0.843
0.848
0.852
0.857
0.861
0.866
0.870
0.874
0.878
0.882
0.887
0.891
0.894
0.897
0.905
0.906
0.909
0.913
0.917
0.920
0.923
0.927
0.930
0.933
0.936
0.939
0.942
0.945
0.948
0.951
0.953
0.956
0.958
0.961
0.963
0.965

41.5
41.0
40.5
40.0
39.5
39.0
38.5
38.0
37.5
37.0
36.5
36.0
35.5
35.0
34.5
34.0
33.5
33.0
32.5
32.0
31.5
31.0
30.5
30.0
29.5
29.0
28.5
28.0
27.5
27.0
26.5
26.0
25.5
25.0
24.5
24.0
23.5
23.0
22.5
22.0
21.5
21.0
20.5
20.0
19.5
19.0
18.5
18.0
17.5
17.0
16.5
16.0
15.5
15.0

0.968
0.970
0.972
0.974
0.976
0.978
0.979
0.981
0.983
0.984
0.986
0.987
0.989
0.990
0.991
0.992
0.993
0.994
0.995
0.996
0.996
0.997
0.998
0.9986
0.9990
0.999
0.9996
0.9998

14.5
14.0
13.5
13.0
12.5
12.0
11.5
11.0
10.5
10.0
9.5
9.0
8.5
8.0
7.5
7.0
6.5
6.0
5.5
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0

Permissible Bond stress Table bd in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

Grade of concreteM-10
bd (N / mm2
--

M-15
0.6

M-20
0.8

M-25
0.9

M-30
1

M-35
1.1

M-40
1.2

M-45
1.3

Development Length in tension

Plain M.S. Bars

H.Y.S.D. Bars

Grade of
concrete

bd (N / mm2)

kd = Ld

bd (N / mm2)

kd = Ld

M 15

0.6

58

0.96

60

M 20

0.8

44

1.28

45

M 25

0.9

39

1.44

40

M 30

35

1.6

36

M 35

1.1

32

1.76

33

M 40

1.2

29

1.92

30

M 45

1.3

27

2.08

28

M 50

1.4

25

2.24

26

Permissible stress in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

Grade of
concrete

n factore Table

M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M

10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50

Permission stress in compression (N/mm2) Permissible stress in bond (Average) for

plain bars in tention (N/mm2)
Bending cbc
Direct (cc)
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
in kg/m2
Kg/m2 (N/mm2)
Kg/m2
--3.0
300
2.5
250
5.0
500
4.0
400
0.6
60
7.0
700
5.0
500
0.8
80
8.5
850
6.0
600
0.9
90
10.0
1000
8.0
800
1.0
100
11.5
1150
9.0
900
1.1
110
13.0
1300
10.0
1000
1.2
120
14.5
1450
11.0
1100
1.3
130
16.0
12.0
1.4
1600
1200
140

Maximum shear stress c.max in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

Grade of concrete

c.max

M-15
1.6

M-20
1.8

M-25
1.9

M-30
2.2

M-35
2.3

M-40
2.5

415

1.90
1.80
1.70
1.60
1.50
1.40
1.30
1.20
1.15
1.05
1.02
1.20
0.98
0.96
0.94
0.92
0.91
0.90
0.89
0.86
0.86
0.85
0.84
0.83
0.83
0.82
0.82
0.81
0.81
0.81
0.81
0.81
0.81
0.81

500
2.00
1.80
1.65
1.50
1.40
1.35
1.30
1.20
1.16
1.08
1.00
0.95
0.90
0.86
0.84
0.82
0.81
0.80
0.79
0.78
0.77
0.76
0.75
0.74
0.73
0.72
0.72
0.72
0.71
0.71
0.71
0.70
0.70
0.69
0.69
0.68
0.68

cotangent

Degree

57.249
56.300
28.633
22.913
19.071
16.361
14.304
12.696
11.435
10.382

1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5

Value of H/D

Table Carpentors's coefficents for cylenlidrical tank (Reyolndhan

Factors
H+dA
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
1.0
2.0
4.0

F
10
0.046
0.032
0.024
0.02
0.012
0.006
0.004

20
0.028
0.019
0.014
0.02
0.006
0.003
0.002

30
0.022
0.014
0.01
0.009
0.005
0.002
0.002

40
0.015
0.01
0.007
0.006
0.003
0.002
0.001

10
0.55
0.5
0.45
0.37
0.3
0.27

9.558
8.772
8.144
7.594
7.117
6.691
6.311
5.961
5.668
5.395
5.142
4.911
4.704
1.192
4.331
4.165
4.010
3.867
3.729
3.721
3.487
3.373
3.271
3.169
3.078
2.988
2.903
2.822
2.746
2.673
2.604
2.538
2.475
2.412
2.355
2.300
2.245
2.192
2.147
2.102
2.047
2.004
1.963
1.921
1.879
1.840
1.803
1.767
1.732
1.697
1.664
1.631
1.600
1.569

6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
10.5
11.0
11.5
12.0
12.5
13.0
13.5
14.0
14.5
15.0
15.5
16.0
16.5
17.0
17.5
18.0
18.5
19.0
19.5
20.0
20.5
21.0
21.5
22.0
22.5
23.0
23.5
24.0
24.5
25.0
25.5
26.0
26.5
27.0
27.5
28.0
28.5
29.0
29.5
30.0
30.5
31.0
31.5
32.0
32.5

TABLE 20.1
Cofficent for bending moment and twisting moment in circular bea
C1
C2
2
No of support
4
5
6
8
9
10
12

90
72
60
45
40
36
30

0.137
0.108
0.089
0.066
0.06
0.054
0.045

0.07
0.054
0.045
0.03
0.027
0.023
0.017

TABLE 4.1 for (Krishna Raju) intze tank design

Cofficent for bending moment and twisting moment in circular bea
No of
support

Negative
bending
moment at
support
K1

4
6
8
10
12

90
72
60
45
40

0.0342
0.148
0.0083
0.0054
0.0037

Positive
bending
moment at
center of
span K2

0.0176
0.0075
0.0041
0.0023
0.0014

1.539
1.509
1.483
1.455
1.429
1.402
1.377
1.350
1.326
1.303
1.280
1.256
1.235
1.212
1.191
1.170
1.149
1.129
1.110
1.091
1.072
1.053
1.035
1.017
1.000
0.981
0.965
0.949
0.931
0.916
0.901
0.884
0.869
0.853
0.838
0.824
0.809
0.792
0.780
0.766
0.753
0.739
0.726
0.712
0.700
0.687
0.674
0.661
0.649
0.637
0.624
0.612
0.601
0.588

33.0
33.5
34.0
34.5
35.0
35.5
36.0
36.5
37.0
37.5
38.0
38.5
39.0
39.5
40.0
40.5
41.0
41.5
42.0
42.5
43.0
43.5
44.0
44.5
45.0
45.5
46.0
46.5
47.0
47.5
48.0
48.5
49.0
49.5
50.0
50.5
51.0
51.5
52.0
52.5
53.0
53.5
54.0
54.5
55.0
55.5
56.0
56.5
57.0
57.5
58.0
58.5
59.0
59.5

0.577
0.565
0.553
0.543
0.531
0.520
0.508
0.498
0.487
0.476
0.466
0.455
0.444
0.434
0.424
0.414
0.403
0.394
0.384
0.374
0.364
0.353
0.344
0.335
0.325
0.315
0.306
0.296
0.287
0.277
0.268
0.259
0.249
0.238
0.231
0.222
0.213
0.203
0.194
0.185
0.176
0.167
0.158
0.149
0.139
0.132
0.123
0.114
0.105
0.096
0.087
0.079
0.070
0.061

60.0
60.5
61.0
61.5
62.0
62.5
63.0
63.5
64.0
64.5
65.0
65.5
66.0
66.5
67.0
67.5
68.0
68.5
69.0
69.5
70.0
70.5
71.0
71.5
72.0
72.5
73.0
73.5
74.0
74.5
75.0
75.5
76.0
76.5
77.0
77.5
78.0
78.5
79.0
79.5
80.0
80.5
81.0
81.5
82.0
82.5
83.0
83.5
84.0
84.5
85.0
85.5
86.0
86.5

0.052
0.044
0.035
0.026
0.017
0.009
0.000

87.0
87.5
88.0
88.5
89.0
89.5
90.0

00)
M-50
1.4
fs = 120 =fy200

2.0

fs =145 =fy250

1.6
1.2
0.8
0.4

0.4

0.8
Modification factore

Fs= steel stress of service load =0.58fy

for steeel
=
fy 500

Fs

290

N/mm2

fy 415

Fs

240

N/mm2

fy 328
fy 250
fy 207

=
=

Fs
Fs

190
145

N/mm2
N/mm2

Fs

120

N/mm2

1.2

enlidrical tank (Reyolndhand book)

K1
20
0.5
0.43
0.39
0.37
0.28
0.22
0.2

K2
30
0.45
0.38
0.35
0.32
0.24
0.19
0.17

40
0.4
0.33
0.3
0.27
0.21
0.16
0.14

10
0.32
0.35
0.44
0.48
0.62
0.73
0.8

20
0.46
0.53
0.58
0.63
0.73
0.81
0.85

30
0.53
0.6
0.65
0.69
0.74
0.85
0.87

40
0.5
0.66
0.7
0.73
0.83
0.88
0.9

nd twisting moment in circular beam

C3
m
0.021
19.25
0.014
15.25
0.009
12.75
0.005
9.5
0.004
8.5
0.003
7.25
0.002
6.25

a Raju) intze tank design

nd twisting moment in circular beam
Maximum
twesting
moment or
torqu K3

0.0053
0.00015
0.0006
0.00003
0.0017

19.25
15.25
12.75
9.5
8.5

fs =145 =fy250
fs =190 =fy328
fs =240 =fy415
fs = 290

1.2

Fig 7.1

1.6

2.0

=fy500

2.4

2.8

3.2