CSE404 Design Project Session 2014-2015

Week No. 2 20th January 2015 (Consultation)

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering

Q&A Summary of the Previous Lecture

1. Available space between basement footprint
& site boundary?
-

Basement footprint
at 1.5m from site
boundary

Site
Boundary

Basement
footprint

Hoarding outside
site boundary
permitted

2. Design Ground Water Table?

-

D.G.W.T at +3.5mPD (i.e. 1.5m below ground)

Typical features of a site on reclaimed land

CSE404 Design Project Week No. 2 20th January 2015 (Consultation)

Progress Report by Group Project Managers (Task E)

Concise summary of teams work within TWO slides for
presentation within THREE minutes
Submit by e-mail by Monday 12:00
Late submission is NOT ENTERTAINED!!
To be consolidated in lecture slides (for marking & record)
Welcome drawings / sketches / diagrams.

Avoid leeeeeeeeeengthy text.

Starting next week (26th Jan submission for 27th Jan Workshop)

CSE404 Design Project Week No. 2 20th January 2015 (Consultation)

Scheme Design Guidance

Superstructure

BUILDING EXAMPLE
Design Triangle

ideas

scheme

Full design

Lets take a quick look at a building

Check stability
Use span-depth ratios
Estimate vertical forces
Use N/A , M/Z
Learn some checking stresses
Use design aids charts and tables

Brief
Hospital block
7.2 - 8m column grid

~Plan area 75m x 50m

5 storeys high

Stability
Core aspect ratio

- 1:7 1:12

Hospital block
8m column grid
Plan area 70m x 50m
5 storeys high

We may consider to provide movement joints at 70m spacing

Each side of movement joint needs a stability system

Stability

MJ

Loading?
Live Load?

General usage

3.0kN/m2

Partitions

1.0kN/m2

Services & finishes

0.6kN/m2

Floor system?
Suitable systems?

RC flat slab

RC ribbed floor
Steel/concrete composite floor
Steel/precast composite floor

Depth?

300 680mm

Self weight?

3.5 - 7.2

Span/Depth Ratios
RC flat slab

24

RC ribbed slab

18

Steel/concrete composite slab

18

Steel beams

15

Precast slab (inc topping)

33

So lets have a quick look at the columns

What are the loads?

Live load

4.0kN/m2

Dead load + Superimposed

17.0 kN/m2

Dead Load

Load Take-Down
Approximate LOAD TAKE DOWN:

ELEMENT

DEAD

LIVE

AREA

DEAD

LIVE

Roof

17

52

884

104

General floor

17

52

884

208

General floor

17

52

884

208

General floor

17

52

884

208

General floor

17

52

884

208

4420

936

Concrete Columns
Danish Method

Factor axial force to take account of moments from the beams of the floor
above

Internal columns: Factor 1

Edge columns

Corner columns : Factor 1.5

So our basic internal column load is

: Factor 1.25

1.4x4420 +1.6x936 = 7685kN ~ 8000kN

Edge Column supports half the area, but has to take the effect of frame:
= 8000/2 x 1.25 = 5000kN

Remember penultimate columns actually support 1.2 x typical internal column

load

Learn Checking Stresses

Design Checking stresses:
e.g. 23N/mm2 = Design checking stress for C45
concrete columns with 2%

e.g.~ fcu/2 for fcu<C50

So we have factored load 8000kN

Square column 600mm
(Steel column for a 5 storey building 305UC)

Scheming: Summary
We just had a quick look at scheming. The principles apply
to other systems

STABILITY

PROPORTIONS
ESTIMATE FORCES IN KEY ELEMENTS
APPROXIMATE STRESS CHECKS
DESIGN AIDS AND TABLES

Span/Depth Ratios
Steel beams

15-20

Steel girders

12-15

Space frames

20-24

Composite

20-25

Concrete floors

20-30

Timber joisted floors

Post tensioned slab

18-22

30 - 40

So knowing this can we estimate span:depth ratios for:

Single span RC bridge?
Continuous span, prestressed concrete bridge?

18:1
25:1

Scheme Design Guidance

Foundation Design

Foundation Design Key Issues

Loading
- Gravity
- Water (Buoyancy, Flood)
- Wind
- Soil

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CSE404 Design Project Week No. 2 20th January 2015 (Consultation)

Foundation Design Selection

21

CSE404 Design Project Week No. 2 20th January 2015 (Consultation)

Foundation Design - Classifications

22

CSE404 Design Project Week No. 2 20th January 2015 (Consultation)

Foundation Design Common Pile types

23

CSE404 Design Project Week No. 2 20th January 2015 (Consultation)

Foundation Design Typical Pile Capacity

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CSE404 Design Project Week No. 2 20th January 2015 (Consultation)

Foundation Design Basics

Presumed end-bearing capacities / rock friction of bedrock
- Foundation CoP 2004, BD
Strength of steel / concrete section
- Concrete CoP 2013, BD
- Steel CoP 2011, BD
Individual Piles vs Pile Group (reduction factor for friction piles)
- GEO Publication No. 1/2006
Lateral Load Resistance
- Subgrade vs. raking piles
- Pile group vs. individual piles
- GEO Publication No. 1/2006
Testing Method (Dynamic test, proof loading test, proof drilling test)
- GEO Publication No. 1/2006
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CSE404 Design Project Week No. 2 20th January 2015 (Consultation)

Scheme Design Guidance

Excavation and Lateral Support Design

ELS Design Design Consideration

Technical Considerations
- Location / Ground Condition / Ground Water Condition
- Development History --> Obstructions?
- Adjacent structures / utilities --> risks
- Ground movement criteria

Other Considerations
- Constructability
- Time and Cost
- Flexibility for Basement / Superstructure Design
- Matching with foundation type

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CSE404 Design Project Week No. 2 20th January 2015 (Consultation)

ELS Design Design Consideration

28

CSE404 Design Project Week No. 2 20th January 2015 (Consultation)

ELS Design Building / Ground Movement Control

29

CSE404 Design Project Week No. 2 20th January 2015 (Consultation)

ELS Design Common Wall Types

Steel Usually Temporary
- Channel Planking
- Sheet Pile Wall
- Pipe Pile Wall
- Soldier Pile Wall
RC may be permanent
- Secant pile wall
- Bored pile wall
- Diaphragm wall
Water cut-off
- Grout Curtain
- Temporary Wall
- Pumping Test

30

CSE404 Design Project Week No. 2 20th January 2015 (Consultation)

ELS Design Common Wall Types

31

CSE404 Design Project Week No. 2 20th January 2015 (Consultation)

ELS Design Systems

Bottom-up construction
- Cantilevered wall
- Braced (cross-lot shoring / raking struts)
- Tie-back
- Hoop action
Top-down construction
- Permanent Slab
Hybrid construction method
- Semi Top-down construction

32

CSE404 Design Project Week No. 2 20th January 2015 (Consultation)

ELS Design Top-Down / Semi Top-Down

33

CSE404 Design Project Week No. 2 20th January 2015 (Consultation)

ELS Design Difference in Approach

34

CSE404 Design Project Week No. 2 20th January 2015 (Consultation)

Scheme Design Guidance

Recommending a Scheme to the Client

Scheme Design Making a Recommendation

Distinct and Viable

Options!!!

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CSE404 Design Project Week No. 2 20th January 2015 (Consultation)

Scheme Design Making a Recommendation

Features / Flexibility Allowed
- Benefits to the Client
Load Transfer Path
- Performance of product
Ease of Construction
- Sophisticated temporary works?
- Available working Space?
Availability of Materials / Skilled Labour
Cost & Time
Associated Risk (and their resolution!!!)

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CSE404 Design Project Week No. 2 20th January 2015 (Consultation)

Scheme Design Making a Recommendation

Tools: Traffic Lights

Tools: A sketch is more powerful

than a thousand words

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CSE404 Design Project Week No. 2 20th January 2015 (Consultation)