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History
Quality management started to be introduced in the late 1800s with pioneers like Henry Ford and
Frederick Winslow Taylor, who realized what limitations existed in mass production. Quality
management started with the spot-checking of products as they rolled off the finish line. Fairly
soon, however, it was realized that this was not enough to guarantee quality with every single
item. As a profession, quality has grown considerably, and today it ranks as a recognized
profession among the other well-defined professions such as engineering, accounting and
medicine.
Significance
Quality has become much more significant since the world's demand for products has grown
exponentially. Along with more demand, the demand for specialist products and quality in
production have grown together. Competition has been a strong factor in this and so has
something known as "the global village" (where companies are competing on a global level).
Probably the most significant change has been the change in society, which has driven a demand
that never existed before. And this global sea-change has made a significant difference to any
quality considerations.
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Methods
Quality methods have evolved considerably since their beginnings in the late 19th century. An
example of a modern quality management system is contained in Six Sigma, which attempts to
control quality improvement through statistics. Since improvement is achieved by making sure
every single item measures up to strict quality criteria, a statistical method is a highly useful
method of quality control because it focuses on achieving quality in quantity.
Considerations
1. Check sheet
The check sheet is a form (document) used to collect data
in real time at the location where the data is generated.
The data it captures can be quantitative or qualitative.
When the information is quantitative, the check sheet is
sometimes called a tally sheet.
The defining characteristic of a check sheet is that data
are recorded by making marks ("checks") on it. A typical
check sheet is divided into regions, and marks made in
different regions have different significance. Data are
read by observing the location and number of marks on
the sheet.
Check sheets typically employ a heading that answers the
Five Ws:
2. Control chart
3. Pareto chart
5.Ishikawa diagram
Ishikawa diagrams (also called fishbone diagrams,
herringbone diagrams, cause-and-effect diagrams, or
Fishikawa) are causal diagrams created by Kaoru
Ishikawa (1968) that show the causes of a specific event.
[1][2] Common uses of the Ishikawa diagram are product
design and quality defect prevention, to identify potential
factors causing an overall effect. Each cause or reason for
imperfection is a source of variation. Causes are usually
grouped into major categories to identify these sources of
variation. The categories typically include
People: Anyone involved with the process
Methods: How the process is performed and the
specific requirements for doing it, such as policies,
procedures, rules, regulations and laws
Machines: Any equipment, computers, tools, etc.
required to accomplish the job
Materials: Raw materials, parts, pens, paper, etc.
used to produce the final product
Measurements: Data generated from the process
that are used to evaluate its quality
Environment: The conditions, such as location,
time, temperature, and culture in which the process
operates
6. Histogram method