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Annotated Bibliography
Secondary Sources
Chun Chang et al. Han Dynasty. gallery.sjsu.edu/. n.p. n.d. Web. 22 October 2014
This website gave me a quick summary of what happened during the Han Dynasty, from
the Records of the Grand Historian to the eventual downfall of the Han rulers.
Dull, Jack L. Han Wudi. Britannica.com. Britannica, 20 February 2014. Web. 16 September
2014.
This secondary article gave me background information on Han Wudi and what he did for
the Chinese.
Emperor Wu: Confucian Sage or Legalist Tyrant? http://bhoffert.faculty.noctrl.edu: n.d. n.p.
Web. 15 October 15, 2014
This website showed what Emperor Wu did to the schools of ancient China, like Daoism
and Legalism.
Han Dynasty Background. chinatownconnection.com. n.p. n.d. Web. 22 October 2014
This site gave me an overview of the Han Dynasty in general and set some context for
my topic.
Han Wudi. hsmse.org. n.p. n.d. Web. 22 October 2014
This document was actually meant to be a worksheet for students at a university.
However, the information it provided was valuable and useful. It gave me information on

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why Han Wudi restored Confucianism to the Chinese government. It also gave me a
summary on the military attacks he made against the Xiangnu.
"Han Wudi, Emperor Wu of The Han Dynasty." Historic World Leaders. Gale, 1994. Gale
Biography In Context. Web. 5 Nov. 2014.
This is a long book source that went deep into the details of when Han Wudi was alive,
from what he did in power, to who he nominated for his successor.
"Han Wu-ti (157 B.C.-87 B.C.)." Encyclopedia of World Biography. Detroit: Gale, 1998. General
OneFile. Web. 5 Nov. 2014.
This source is a essay written for an assignment, an interpretation of an interpretation if
you will. Nonetheless, it gave me rich information on the rule of Wudi, under which he
expanded the borders.
La domination chinoise. redtag.org: n.d. n.p. Web. 14 October 2014
This translated French source gave me a unique view of Han Wudi and the Han dynasty.
The article is written with the Vietnamese in mind, giving me a new perspective.
Nlyan, Michael. Qin and Han empires and their Legacies. orias.berkeley.edu. n.p. n.d. Web. 22
October 2014
This source was very reliable, created by a college professor. He summarizes the rule of
the Han, particularly Han Wudis rule.
Ping, Wang. Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty. cctv.com. CCTV. 6 April 2004. Web. 22
October 2014

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This web source gave me information on how Wudi realized why the Qin Dynasty had
collapsed and then made changes to his government to fix those issues. It also discusses
how Han Wudi was the first Han emperor to restore Confucian teachings to China.
Spielvogel, Jackson J. Discovering Our Past: A History of the World. New York: McGraw Hill
Education, 2013. Print
This book source gave me context and general information on Han Wudi.
The Han Dynasty. tombtreasuresofhanchina.org. n.p. n.d. Web. 22 October 2014
This website provided me with context surrounding the rule of Han Wudi. This article
was on the Han dynasty in general, and gave me some historical context for the rule of
Wudi.
The Han Dynasty of China: A Chinese Golden Age. sgm.pcriot.com. n.p. n.d. Web. 22 October
2014
This PowerPoint presentation was made to help students get the important information
of the Han dynasty. The one slide about Han Wudi was particularly useful, summarizing
his achievements.
Theobald, Ulrich. Persons in Chinese History Han Wudi Liu Che. chinaknowledge.de. n.p. 8
March 2011. Web. 16 September 2014
This article helped me get more deeply into Han Wudis life then the broad and general
Britannica source. It also covered what he did when he was emperor, such as
monopolizing salt and iron.

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Wu, Annie. Wudi Emperor of the Han Dynasty. chinahighlights.com. n.p. 22 August 2014.
Web. 22 October 2014
This article goes in depth of Han Wudis life. It is very clear and easy to understand, and
helped me better comprehend what Han Wudis legacy was.
"Wudi." Bio.com: A&E Television Networks, 2014. Web. 15 Oct. 2014
This quick summary of Han Wudis rule allowed me to easily understand the area he
conquered.
"Wu-ti." Science and Its Times. Ed. Neil Schlager and Josh Lauer. Vol. 1: 2,000 B.C. to A.D.
699. Detroit: Gale, 2001. 414. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 5 Nov. 2014.
This short summary gave me a quick analysis into the results of Han Wudis rule.
"Wu-ti (156 B.C.-c. 87 B.C.)." Encyclopedia of World Biography. Detroit: Gale, 1998. General
OneFile. Web. 5 Nov. 2014.
Han Wudi is remembered for two things. This article goes in depth over one, his military
achievements. It covers how he conquered the Xiongnu and pushed the empires borders
into Korea, Vietnam, and to the west.
Primary Sources
Department of Asian Art. Han Dynasty. metmuseum.org. The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
October 2000. Web. 22 October 2014

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This source has both an article and some pictures of sculptures made in the time of the
Han. This is important because the arts flourished under the Han. There are actually
seven pictures, so this source counts for seven sources, as listed below.
Department of Asian Art. Female Dancer. Sculpture. metmuseam.org. The Metropolitan
Museum of Art. October 2000. Web. 20 October 2014
Found on metmuseum.org. Dancing and other arts flourished under the Han.
Department of Asian Art. Covered jar. Sculpture. metmuseum.org. The Metropolitan Museum
of Art. October 2000. Web. 20 October 2014
Found on metmuseum.org. Most likely found near Luoyang, China. Most likey used to
contain spices.
Department of Asian Art. Liubo board and pieces. Sculpture. metmuseum.org. The
Metropolitan Museum of Art. October 2000. Web. 20 October 2014
Found on metmuseum.org. Liubo is an old Chinese board game.
Department of Asian Art. Se Player. Sculpture. metmuseum.org. The Metropolitan Museum of
Art. October 2000. Web. 20 October 2014
Found on metmuseum.org.
Department of Asian Art. Animal pen with figures. Sculpture. metmuseum.org. The
Metropolitan Museum of Art. October 2000. Web. 20 October 2014
Found on metmuseum.org. Innovations such as iron hoes helped farmers in the Han
Dynasty grow more food.

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Department of Asian Art. Tomb panel with relief of figures in a pavilion. Sculpture.
metmuseum.org. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. October 2000. Web. 20 October 2014
Found on metmuseum.org. Found at Shandong, China. It us unknown whose tomb this
piece of art was taken from.
Department of Asian Art. Central watchtower. Sculpture. metmuseum.org. The Metropolitan
Museum of Art. October 2000. Web. 20 October 2014
Found on metmuseum.org. Watchtowers were common, especially along the Great Wall
to help watch for Xiangnu attacks.
Hsi, Fu. I Ching. Trans. James Legge. sacred-texts.com. n.p. n.d. Web. 22 October 2014
The Book of Changes was one of the Five Chinese Classics with the others being The
Book of Rites, The Book of Songs, The Book of Changes, and The Spring and Autumn
Annuals.
Ki, Li et al. The Li Ki The Book of Rites, Part I. Trans. James Legge. sacred-texts.com. n.p.
n.d. Web. 22 October 2014
The Book of Rites was one of the Five Chinese Classics. It describes Chinese religion
from the eighth century to the fifth. It was a useful primary document, discussing how
religion played a part in the Han empire.
Qian, Sima. Records of the Grand Historian. www2.stetson.edu. n.p. n.d. Web. 16 September
2014

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This book was written by the grand historian Sima Qian, after his father couldnt finish it.
It is unique in the way it presents information. Every chapter covers a topic, instead of a
time period. All history aside, this source helped me to get a first hand view of what life
was like for Confucians at the time of Han Wudi.