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The
linear
movement
apparatus
resembles
a
measuring
stick.
It
has
a
long
runway
that
is
3.5
feet
long.
It
is
used
to
measure
temporal
and
spatial
memory.
The
apparatus
consists
of
a
handle
mounted
on
a
pipe.
The
subject
moves
that
handle
a
specific
distance
or
speed.
The
distance
moved
is
electronically
monitored
by
equipment
and
displayed
in
millimeters.
Timing
is
measured
by
using
two
magnetic
micro-switches
to
start
and
stop
a
clock/counter.
There
are
two
linear
movement
test
procedures.
One
involves
trying
to
duplicate
several
specified
distances
(spatial)
while
the
other
involves
moving
to
the
stop
located
at
a
set
distance
in
a
set
time
(temporal).
Spatial
procedure.
The
linear
movement
apparatus
has
block
that
the
experimenter
can
move
any
specified
location.
The
subject
is
blindfolded
and
presented
series
of
movements
that
are
located
along
the
linear
movement
apparatus.
The
locations
are
presented
by
placing
the
block
at
the
specified
location
and
the
subject
moves
the
slide
to
the
location.
The
task
requires
the
subject
to
recall
the
exact
distances
moved
in
order
at
a
later
time.
In
the
starting
position,
the
handle
is
resting
at
0.
Upon
command,
the
subject
moves
the
handle
unit
contact
the
block.
The
location
of
the
block
(i.e.,
10
cm
,
15
cm)
is
manipulated
by
the
investigator
and
is
based
on
the
specific
instructions
presented
in
the
each
lab.
Once
the
subject
contact
the
block,
then
he
or
she
is
told
to
move
back
to
the
staring
position
(i.e.,
0
cm)
and
wait
for
the
command
to
move
to
the
next
location.
This
procedure
continues
until
the
subject
has
moved
to
all
the
criterion
locations
then
the
investigator
wants
the
subject
to
recall
the
distance
location
but
the
investigator
would
start
the
subject
at
a
different
start
location
other
than
0
cm.
The
objective
is
to
recall
the
distance
(spatial)
and
starting
at
a
different
location
requires
one
to
move
the
distance
and
rules
out
the
possibility
that
the
subject
is
using
time
to
contact
(TAU)
as
way
to
recall.
Temporal
procedure.
The
object
of
the
task
is
to
move
the
handle
from
0
cm
to
the
stop
block
located
some
distance
away
in
a
certain
time
(i.e.,
0
to
45
cm
in
300
millisecond).
The
linear
movement
apparatus
is
connected
to
a
clock/counter
and
measure
the
subjects
movement
time
from
the
start
to
the
designated
distance.
At
the
completion
of
the
trial,
the
investigator
records
the
time
and
resets
the
clock.
The
subjects
performance
is
determined
by
subtracting
the
movement
time
from
the
criterion
time
(i.e.,
if
the
subject
moved
the
45
distance
in
350
ms
and
criterion
was
300
then
the
subject
score
would
be
50
ms).
Rotary
Pursuit
Task
The
rotary
pursuit
measure
visual
tracking
and
hand
eye
coordination.
The
objective
of
the
task
is
to
race
a
target
light
with
a
photocell
wand.
The
speed
of
the
target
light
moves
(rpms),
trial
duration,
number
of
trials,
and
inter-trial
period
(rest)
can
be
set.
Three
interchangeable
patterns
(circle,
triangle,
square)
may
be
used
for
this
task.
The
task
is
scored
by
the
length
of
time
on
target
during
the
trial.
Test
procedure
The
goal
of
the
task
is
to
stay
in
contact
with
the
light
as
long
as
possible
during
the
trial
(e.g.
20
second
trial).
The
speed
(rpm)
of
the
rotating
light
differs
with
each
lab.
The
speeds
are
provided
in
the
procedures
sections
of
each
lab.
In
general,
the
faster
the
speed,
the
more
difficult
the
task.
The
subject
begins
each
trail
holding
the
stylus
in
a
stationary
position
in
the
top
right
corner
of
the
apparatus.
When
given
the
command
start,
the
subject
begins
tracking
the
rotating
light
with
the
stylus
for
the
duration
of
the
trial.
At
the
completion
of
the
trial,
the
subject
is
instructed
to
stop
tracking
the
light
and
returns
the
stylus
to
the
beginning
location.
At
the
completion
of
each
trial,
the
investigator
records
the
time
and
the
controller
resets
for
the
next
trial.
Mirror
Tracer
The
mirror
tracer
involves
tracing
a
star
pattern
with
a
tracing
stylus.
The
goal
is
to
complete
rapidly
the
star
trace
with
a
few
errors
as
possible.
The
number
of
errors
can
be
automatically
scored
by
the
apparatus
(stylus
touching
the
boarders
of
the
metal
star).
Procedures
The
mirror
tracer
hand-eye
coordination
task
is
administered
in
two
ways,
the
mirror,
1)
in
place,
and
2)
detached.
A
trial
equals
tracking
one
complete
star.
The
trial
starts
with
the
stylus
at
the
top
of
the
star
and
moves
toward
the
eastern
point
and
downward
toward
the
bottom
of
the
star
and
then
toward
the
western
point,
back
to
the
beginning
position.
At
the
completion
of
each
trial,
the
investigator
resets
the
counter
on
the
apparatus.
The
task
can
be
administered
with
the
mirror
detached
or
in
place.
When
the
mirror
is
attached
to
the
star
tracer,
the
object
is
the
same
except
that
subject
looks
through
the
mirror
while
tracing
the
star.
The
use
of
the
mirror
requires
the
subject
to
transfer
the
task
of
tracing
the
star
to
a
new
task.
The
mirror
tracers
control
unit
automatically
records
the
number
of
errors-
the
number
of
time
the
subject
goes
outside
the
path
of
the
star.
The
subjects
score
is
the
number
of
errors
committed
during
a
tracing
of
the
star.
Bassin
Anticipation
Timer
The
Bassin
Anticipation
Timer
consists
of
a
control
unit,
lighted
runway,
and
a
response
button.
The
objective
of
the
task
is
to
time
a
subjects
response
to
coincide
with
the
arrival
of
a
target
light
at
the
end
of
the
runway.
The
subject
responds
to
the
presentation
of
the
light
sequence
by
pushing
the
response
button
located
at
the
end
of
the
runway.
The
light
sequence
travels
down
the
runway
at
different
velocities
per
hour.
The
velocities
can
be
set
to
be
constant,
accelerate,
or
decelerate.
The
controller
can
set
the
velocity,
what
light
would
be
lit
or
occluded,
foreperiod,
and
rest
period.
At
the
completion
of
each
trial,
the
investigator
records
the
score.
The
controller
will
then
reset
automatically
for
the
next
trial.
For
the
Bassin
Anticipation
Timer
where
the
velocity
can
be
set
to
accelerate
or
decelerate,
the
start
and
ending
speed
needs
to
be
the
same
for
a
constant
velocity.
The
unit
of
measure
of
the
Anticipation
Timer
is
error
the
difference
between
the
true
time
and
the
subjects
response.
This
is
the
amount
of
time
the
subject
fails
to
coincide
with
the
target
light.
The
score
is
expressed
in
millisecond
and
early
or
late.
The
time
is
displayed
on
the
controller
as
early
or
late.
Testing
Procedure
A
warning
signal
light
initiates
each
trial,
followed
by
a
light
sequence
traveling
down
the
runway
at
a
set
velocity.
The
warning
signal
(foreperiod)
should
be
randomly
adjusted
from
trial
to
trial
(.5
to
4
seconds).
At
the
completion
of
each
trial,
the
controller
will
indicate
the
subjects
score.
Choice
Reaction
Timer
Reaction
time
(RT)
is
the
time
that
elapses
between
the
presentation
of
a
stimulus
(light
presentation)
and
the
initiation
of
a
response
(subject
begins
to
lift
fingers
from
a
RT
key).
Choice
reaction
time
(CRT)
is
RT
for
a
task
with
multiple
responses
and
the
selection
of
response
is
based
on
the
stimulus
presented.
Reaction
time
should
increase
when
the
number
of
choice
responses
increases.
By
presenting
precues
or
information
about
the
upcoming
stimulus
that
decreases
the
number
of
choice
responses,
the
RT
should
decrease.
The
equipment
used
to
measure
choice
RT
includes
a
CRT
control
panel,
a
stop
clock,
and
a
four
light
subject
reaction
box.
The
four
colored
lights
are
labeled
right
long,
right
short,
left
short,
left
long
in
order
to
provide
the
subject
with
pre-cue
information.
Pressing
the
middle
key
on
the
controller
starts
the
task.
The
investigator
to
prepare
for
a
response
by
starting
ready
informs
the
subject.
Then
a
foreperiod
ranging
from
.5
to
4
seconds
is
given.
The
foreperiod
is
randomly
set.
When
one
of
the
lights
is
presented,
the
subject
lifts
his/her
finger
and
moves
to
the
light.
The
investigator
is
responsible
for
the
color,
the
precue
sequencing
for
each
trial,
and
the
number
of
trials
to
be
administered.
There
is
not
set
intertrial
period
(rest)
between
trials.
At
the
completion
of
each
trial,
the
investigator
must
reset
the
clock.
The
unit
of
measure
is
the
elapsed
time
by
the
subject
to
respond
to
the
presentation
of
the
light
stimulus.
The
measured
RT
expressed
in
millisecond
is
taken
from
the
stop
clock
that
is
connected
to
the
reaction
timer
apparatus.
MOART
Timer
The
Multi-Operational
Apparatus
for
Reaction
Time
(MOART)
is
an
integrated,
versatile
device
used
for
the
study
of
cognitive
processing.
It
can
perform
a
wade
range
of
tests
including
reaction
time,
choice
reaction
time,
reaction/movement
time,
and
tapping
tests.
The
MOART
features
state
of
the
art
touch
sensitive
keypads
for
ultra-accurate
reaction
time
with
no
key
travel
errors.
It
also
uses
tri-
color
stimulus
lights
and
dual
tone
generation,
giving
it
high
degree
of
versatility
in
stimulus
presentation.
Combined
with
the
PsymCon
control
panel,
it
can
provide
six
highly
adaptable
tests
that
will
find
use
in
any
motor
behavior
laboratory.
The
MOART
front
panel
uses
an
ergonomic
design
for
the
button
layout.
The
design
is
based
on
established
normal
distances
for
tapping
test
and
published
standards
for
reaction
time
experiments.
Each
key
site
features
a
tri-color
LED
stimulus
light.
The
light
can
be
set
for
red
or
green.
The
main
key
site
at
the
bottom
of
the
panel
(CO)
uses
two
separate
lights,
which
allows
greater
flexibility
when
presenting
stimuli.
Each
key
site
is
labeled
on
the
panel
and
these
labels
are
referenced
in
both
the
control
hardware
and
software
to
set
up
the
various
experiments.
Simple
Reaction
Time
Procedure
using
MOART
The
response
key
is
restricted
to
the
CO
key.
The
stimulus
is
restricted
to
the
CO
lights
(green
or
red)
or
tone.
The
Cue
stimulus
is
restricted
to
the
C5
lights
or
tone.
A
choice
of
two
or
more
stimuli
is
presented.
If
the
go
stimulus
is
presented,
the
subject
responds
as
quickly
as
possible.
Here
are
the
steps
in
setting
a
simple
reaction
time
experiment
when
using
the
manual
controller:
1)
The
researcher
presses
button
3
(simple
reaction
time).
2)
Select
the
user
to
set
the
go
stimulus
for
the
test.
The
stimulus
can
be
a
combination
of
choices
(e.g.,
red
light
with
low
tone).
3)
Do
not
react
screen.
This
selection
can
be
skipped
with
no
selection
being
made.
4)
Stimulus
odds
screen.
This
selection
can
be
skipped
with
no
selection
being
made.
5)
Reaction
button
setup
screen:
The
touch
keys
on
the
panel
can
be
configured
as
press
to
respond
or
release
to
respond
using
the
menu
choice
in
this
screen.
The
response
key
is
always
CO
when
running
a
simple
reaction
time
experiment.
With
a
press
to
respond,
the
subject
starts
with
their
finger
off
of
the
key
and
presses
the
key
upon
stimulus
presentation.
With
release
to
respond
the
subject
starts
with
the
finger
on
the
key
and
lifts
it
upon
the
presentation
of
the
stimulus.
The
release
to
respond
typically
gives
a
more
accurate
reaction
time
as
it
does
not
have
a
movement
component
integrated
into
the
result
as
the
press
to
respond
protocol.
6)
Select
a
cue
screen.
Allow
the
user
to
select
the
cue
stimulus
for
the
test.
The
cue
is
always
the
C5
light
and/or
tone
when
running
simple
reaction
time
experiments.
Only
one
light
may
be
selected
as
a
cue
although
it
may
be
paired
with
a
tone.
If
the
tone
is
used
as
a
stimulus
for
the
test,
it
may
not
be
selected
as
cue.
This
screen
may
be
skipped
with
no
selection
being
made
if
no
cue
is
desired.
7)
Cue
delay
select
screen
(foreperiod).
Allow
the
user
to
set
the
cue
delay
for
the
test.
The
resolution
for
the
cue
delay
is
0.1
seconds
with
a
maximum
setting
of
25.5
seconds.
The
random
cue
setting
can
also
be
enabled.
The
random
time
will
fall
between
times
and
2
times
the
setting
on
the
screen.
The
maximum
and
minimum
limits
of
the
random
cue
period
are
displayed
at
the
bottom
of
the
screen
for
reference.
8)
Trial
timeout
selection
screen
(rest
period
between
trials).
Allow
the
user
to
set
the
timeout
time.
If
no
response
is
made
within
the
time
selected,
an
error
is
indicated
for
the
trial.
The
time
is
selected
from
0.1
to
25.5
seconds
in
0.1-second
increments.
The
timeout
setting
defaults
to
3.0
seconds
on
startup.
9)
Test
screen.
Summarizes
the
test
as
setup
from
the
menus
and
displays
the
trial
results.
The
first
two
lines
of
the
screen
indicate
the
stimulus
and
cue
parameters
selected
for
the
trial.
These
settings
will
update
on
the
onset
of
each
trial
if
random
parameters
are
being
used.
The
stimulus
line
will
also
indicate
if
a
go
or
no
go
stimulus
is
being
presented.
10)
Trial
results.
After
the
trial,
the
RT
line
will
show
the
results
of
the
trial
in
seconds
and
the
MSG
line
will
indicate
a
successful
trial
or
an
error.
If
an
error
occurs,
the
MSG
line
will
specify
the
error
and
the
EADAR
will
indicate
an
errant
key,
if
applicable.
The
ET
line
indicates
the
time
when
the
error
occurred.
11)
How
to
start
the
trial.
Trials
are
executed
by
pressing
the
button
5
while
in
the
test
screen.
Dual
Tapping
Test
Procedure
using
the
MOART
1)
Press
button
8
from
main
menu
2)
Tapping
button
select
screen.
Designates
the
key
pairs
to
be
used
for
test.
The
keys
must
be
selected
in
the
pairs
set
in
the
menu.
Only
one
pair
of
keys
can
be
selected
at
a
time.
3)
Outer
button
setup
screen.
The
response
key
on
the
reaction
panel
feature
dual
response
zones.
This
allows
the
accuracy
of
the
taps
to
be
monitored
if
required.
The
outer
button
setup
screen
determines
if
the
outer
rim
of
the
tap
keys
will
be
recorded
as
a
correct
response
or
as
an
accuracy
error.
4)
Light
above
buttons.
Allow
the
lights
above
the
tap
keys
to
be
turned
on
during
the
trial,
if
desired.
5)
Tone
for
end
of
trial.
Allow
the
tone
to
be
activated
for
the
end
of
trial
time.
This
lets
the
subject
know
when
the
trial
has
ended.
6)
Select
cue
screen.
Allows
user
to
select
the
cue
stimulus
for
test.
The
cue
is
always
light
C5
and/or
tone
when
running
dual
key
tap
experiments.
7)
Cue
delay
select
screen.
Allows
the
user
to
set
the
cue
delay
for
the
test.
The
resolution
for
the
cure
delay
is
0.1
seconds
with
a
maximum
setting
of
25.5
seconds.
The
random
cue
setting
can
also
be
enabled.
The
random
time
will
fall
between
and
2
times
the
settings
on
the
screen.
8)
Trial
timeout
selection
screen.
Allows
the
user
to
set
the
length
of
the
tapping
trial.
The
time
is
selectable
from
1
to
255
seconds
in
1-second
increments.
The
timeout
setting
defaults
to
30
seconds
on
startup.
9)
Test
screen.
Summarizes
the
test
from
the
menus
and
displays
the
trial
results.
The
first
lines
of
the
screen
indicate
the
times,
stimulus,
and
cue
parameters
selected
for
the
trial.
These
settings
will
update
on
the
onset
of
each
trial
if
random
parameters
are
being
used.
10)
Trial
Results.
The
total
number
of
taps
are
shown
in
the
B1
and
B2
line
of
the
test
screen.
If
the
outer
rim
error
detection
is
enabled,
the
tap
amounts
will
divide
between
the
center
key
and
outer
rim.
These
totals
will
be
shown
on
the
B1,
OUT
1,
and
B2,
OUT2
lines.
The
total
taps
for
the
trial
can
be
found
by
adding
the
four
lines
together.
11.
How
to
start
the
trial.
Trials
are
executed
by
pressing
the
button
5
on
the
test
screen.
If
random
parameters
are
used
for
the
trial,
they
will
update
on
the
onset
of
each
trial.
Trial
results
can
be
rest
or
a
trial
can
be
interrupted
by
pressing
the
RESET
button
(8).
Interrupted
trials
will
not
return
any
results.
Simple
reaction/movement
time
test
on
the
MOART.
Simple.
The
subject
rests
their
finger
on
the
CO
key.
After
a
stimulus
is
presented,
the
subject
lifts
their
finger
off
the
CO
key
and
taps
the
C5
key
as
quickly
as
possible.
GO/NO
GO:
The
subject
rests
their
finger
on
the
CO
key.
If
the
GO
stimulus
is
presented,
the
subject
lifts
their
finger
off
the
CO
key
and
taps
the
C5
key
as
quickly
as
possible.
If
the
NO
GO
stimulus
is
presented,
the
subject
keeps
their
finger
on
the
CO
key.
Setup
Procedure.
1)
Press
button
5
on
the
menu
2)
Select
stimulus
screen.
Allows
the
user
to
set
the
GO
stimulus
for
the
test.
The
stimulus
can
be
a
combination
of
the
choices
(e.g.
red
light
with
low
tone).
The
exception
is
the
high
tone
and
low
tone
cannot
both
be
selected.
3)
Do
not
react
on
screen.
Allow
the
user
to
set
the
NO
GO
stimulus
for
the
test.
This
listing
takes
up
two
different
menu
screens.
Any
combination
of
stimulus
may
be
used,
but
the
GO
stimulus
cannot
be
selected
as
a
NO
GO.
This
screen
also
determines
the
number
of
different
stimulus
possibilities
that
will
be
used
during
the
test.
To
get
back
to
the
Stimulus
Select
Screen
from
this
screen,
the
menu
must
be
advanced
to
the
Stimulus
Odds
screen
and
then
returned
back
to
the
stimulus
screen
by
pressing
the
BACK
button.
4.
Stimulus
Odds
screen.
Calculates
the
odds
of
presenting
a
GO
stimulus.
The
odds
are
calculated
based
on
the
total
number
of
possible
stimuli
as
selected
from
GO
and
NO
GO
settings.
For
example,
if
three
NO
GO
stimuli
are
selected,
the