Panametrics Thickness Gage 25 - Manual

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WARRANTY
The Model 25 Ultrasonic Gage has been designed and manufactured as a precision instrument. Under normal working conditions it will provide long, trouble-free service.
Damage in transit - Inspect the unit thoroughly immediately upon receipt for evidence of
external or internal damage that may have occurred during shipment. Notify the carrier
making the delivery immediately of any damage, since the carrier is normally liable for
damage in shipment. Preserve packing materials, waybills, and other shipping documentation in order to establish damage claims. After notifying the carrier, contact PanametricsJ
kaq so that we may assist in the damage claims, and provide replacement equipment, if
necessary.
PanametricsJkaq guarantees the Model 25 to be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of two years (twenty-four months) from date of shipment. The warranty only covers equipment that has been used in a proper manner as described in this
instruction manual and has not been subjected to excessive abuse, attempted unauthorized
repair, or modification. DURING THIS WARRANTY PERIOD, PANAMETRICSJkaq
LIABILITY IS STRICTLY LIMITED TO REPAIR OR REPLACEMENT OF A
DEFECTIVE UNIT AT ITS DISCRETION. PanametricsJkaq does not warrant the Model
25 to be suitable for intended use, and assumes no responsibility for unsuitability for
intended use. PanametricsJkaq accepts no liability for consequential or incidental damages including damage to property and/or personal injury.
This warranty does not include the transducer, transducer cable, charger, or battery. The
customer will pay shipping expense to the PanametricsJkaq plant for warranty repair;
PanametricsJkaq will pay for the return of the repaired equipment. (For instruments not
under warranty, the customer will pay shipping expenses both ways.)
PanametricsJkaq offers an optional third year warranty coverage, under the same terms, at
the time of purchase.
PanametricsJkaq reserves the right to modify all products without incurring the responsibility for modifying previously manufactured products. PanametricsJkaq does not assume
any liability for the results of particular installations, as these circumstances are not within
our control.
THE WARRANTIES SET FORTH HEREIN ARE EXCLUSIVE AND ARE IN LIEU OF
ALL OTHER WARRANTIES WHETHER STATUTORY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
(INCLUDING WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND WARRANTIES ARISING FROM COURSE OF DEALING
OR USAGE OR TRADE.)
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................................. 5
1 GENERAL INFORMATION ...................................................................................... 9
2 BASIC OPERATION ................................................................................................. 11
2.1 Initial Setup......................................................................................................... 11
2.2 Basic Operation .................................................................................................. 12
3 SETUP AND CALIBRATION .................................................................................. 13
3.1 Choosing a Default or User-Defined Setup ........................................................ 13
3.2 Calibration .......................................................................................................... 14
3.2.1 Velocity and Zero Calibration .................................................................. 14
3.2.2 Velocity Calibration Only ........................................................................ 16
3.2.3 Zero Calibration Only............................................................................... 17
3.3 Custom Setups .................................................................................................... 18
3.3.1 Creating a Custom Setup .......................................................................... 19
4 GAGE FEATURES .................................................................................................... 23
4.1 High/Low Alarm................................................................................................. 23
4.2 Auto Shutoff ....................................................................................................... 24
4.3 Beeper Tone........................................................................................................ 25
4.4 Thickness Display Blank or Hold....................................................................... 25
4.5 Calibration Lock ................................................................................................. 25
4.6 Differential Display ............................................................................................ 26
4.7 Language............................................................................................................. 28
4.8 Measurement Display Update Rate .................................................................... 28
4.9 Minimum Thickness Display.............................................................................. 30
4.10 Maximum Thickness Display ........................................................................... 32
4.11 Decimal Point ................................................................................................... 33
4.12 Measurement Reset........................................................................................... 33
4.13 Master Reset ..................................................................................................... 34
4.14 Thickness Resolution........................................................................................ 34
5 SCREEN DISPLAY FORMATS............................................................................... 37
5.1 Backlight............................................................................................................. 37
5.2 Contrast............................................................................................................... 38
5.3 Measurement Screen........................................................................................... 38
5.3.1 Measured Thickness Value Area.............................................................. 38
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5.3.2 First Status Line........................................................................................ 38

5.3.3 Second Status Line ................................................................................... 39
5.3.4 Fourth Status Line .................................................................................... 39
5.4 Calibration Screen .............................................................................................. 40
5.4.1 Calibration Thickness Value Area............................................................ 40
5.4.2 First Status Line........................................................................................ 41
5.4.3 Fourth Status Line .................................................................................... 41
5.5 Application Setup Screens.................................................................................. 41
5.5.1 Application Setup List .............................................................................. 41
5.5.2 Setup Parameter List................................................................................. 42
5.5.3 PC Scope Screen Format .......................................................................... 43
5.6 View/Set Screen.................................................................................................. 44
5.7 Special Mode Screens......................................................................................... 45
5.7.1 Special Mode Selection Screen ................................................................ 45
5.7.2 Parameter or Function Screen .................................................................. 46
5.8 Status Screen....................................................................................................... 46
5.9 Error Help Screen ............................................................................................... 46
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS ........................................................................... 49
6.1 Measurement Mode ............................................................................................ 49
6.2 Calibration .......................................................................................................... 51
6.3 Application Setups.............................................................................................. 51
6.4 General................................................................................................................ 54
6.5 Battery and Charger............................................................................................ 54
6.6 Special Gage Functions ...................................................................................... 55
BATTERY ................................................................................................................... 57
7.1 Low Battery ........................................................................................................ 57
7.2 Charging Batteries .............................................................................................. 57
7.3 Changing Battery Pack ....................................................................................... 57
7.4 Optional Battery Pack......................................................................................... 58
THEORY OF OPERATION ..................................................................................... 59
APPLICATIONS NOTES.......................................................................................... 63
9.1 Measurement Mode ............................................................................................ 63
9.2 Transducer Selection .......................................................................................... 64
9.3 Factors Affecting Performance and Accuracy.................................................... 64
9.4 Couplants ............................................................................................................ 67
9.5 High Temperature Measurements....................................................................... 67
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9.6 Cable Lengths ..................................................................................................... 68

9.7 Waveform Displays Via PC Scope..................................................................... 68
9.8 Pulser/Receiver and Gating Adjustments ........................................................... 68
9.8.1 Pulser Power............................................................................................. 69
9.8.2 Maximum Gain......................................................................................... 69
9.8.3 Initial Gain................................................................................................ 69
9.8.4 Main Bang Blank...................................................................................... 70
9.8.5 Echo Window ........................................................................................... 70
9.8.6 Detect Mode ............................................................................................. 71
9.8.7 Echo 1 Detect, Echo 2 Detect................................................................... 71
9.8.8 Interface Blank ......................................................................................... 71
9.8.9 Mode 3 Echo Blank .................................................................................. 72
9.8.10 TDG Slope.............................................................................................. 72
10 MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTING ....................................................... 73
10.1 Basic Maintenance............................................................................................ 73
10.2 Transducers....................................................................................................... 73
10.3 Battery Care ...................................................................................................... 74
10.4 Error Messages ................................................................................................. 74
10.5 Battery and Charger Problems.......................................................................... 74
10.6 Measurement Problems .................................................................................... 74
10.7 Diagnostic Self Tests ........................................................................................ 75
10.7.1 Display Test............................................................................................ 75
10.7.2 Keyboard Test ........................................................................................ 75
10.7.3 Hardware Test ........................................................................................ 75
10.8 Software Upgrades............................................................................................ 76
10.9 Customer Service.............................................................................................. 76
10.10 Repair Service................................................................................................. 76
10.11 Replacement Parts & Accessories .................................................................. 76
APPENDIX ISOUND VELOCITIES ..................................................................... 77
APPENDIX IIPC SCOPE INTERFACE ............................................................... 81
APPENDIX IIIKEYBOARD FUNCTIONS .......................................................... 83
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GENERAL INFORMATION
The Panametrics-NDTTM Model 25 is a hand-held ultrasonic thickness gage. This precision

microprocessor-based instrument uses pulse-echo techniques to measure material thickness when both sides of the test material are not easily accessible. The gage also measures
sound velocity and pulse transit time in most solids and liquids.
The Model 25 uses three (3) modes of operation with contact, delay line, and immersion
transducers. It also includes a feature called Application Auto-Recall, which allows both
Standard Default and Custom Stored Application Setups. In general, one of the seven (7)
Default Transducer Setups is adequate for most applications. However, if your application
requires a special setup, the Model 25 offers five (5) Custom Setup locations that may be
programmed by the user or by PanametricsJkaq.
The Model 25 is equipped with a serial communications port for connecting the gage to
either a DOS PC Scope program or new WIN25DL PC Scope software. Both programs
allow the user to make adjustments to transducer setups while viewing the RF Waveforms.
Other features include:
Thickness range: 0.003-20.000" (0.080-500mm), dependent on material and

transducer type
Backlit display
High-Low Alarm functions
Differential Mode
Maximum Resolution of 0.0001" (0.001mm)
Display HOLD/BLANK mode
Long battery life
Measurement in Inches or Millimeters with instant conversion
Multiple Languages (English, French, German, Spanish)
MIN/MAX Mode
Optional RF Waveform Oscilloscope output to your computer
Rugged case and a sealed keypad that is color-coded and provides tactile and
audible feedback
Semi-automatic keyboard calibration
Internal Self-Test Modes
Calibration lockout function to prevent accidental change to calibration or
measurement mode
In addition, special prompts inform the user of instrument conditions such as: active transducer type and setup, low battery, loss of signal, calibration mode, alarms, and differential
mode.
PanametricsJkaq offers a variety of broadband contact, delay line and immersion transducers for use with the Model 25 to permit optimum application of the gage on most engineering materials. For applications assistance, please consult PanametricsJkaq or refer to
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Table 6-1 on page 6-4 of this manual for a list of Default Transducer Setups and approximate thickness ranges.
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BASIC OPERATION
The purpose of this section is to demonstrate how to create basic thickness measurements
with the Model 25 gage. The unit ships from the factory containing default conditions for
the transducer(s) you have purchased. Parameters may be changed after becoming familiar
with the more sophisticated gage features.
2.1
Initial Setup
Follow the initial setup procedure when operating the gage for the first time, in addition to
using the default settings and test block included with the gage. To begin the initial setup:
1. Plug the transducer cable into the transducer connector located on the top panel of
the Model 25.
2. Connect the transducer to the other end of the cable.
3. Press the [ON/OFF] key to turn the gage on.
Ensure that the probe type shown in the initial startup screen matches the transducer you have attached to the gage. This part number is engraved on the back or
side of the transducer.
Note: If the probe type does not match the transducer, please refer to Section 3.1 of this manual.
Approximately 3 seconds after the gage is turned on the following screen will appear:
4. The current units are indicated on the right side of the display. To alternate measurement units between inches (IN) and millimeters (MM) press the [IN/MM]
key. The gage is now ready to make measurements based on the default settings
and included test block.
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Note: The initial setup is not a substitute for doing a proper calibration.
For materials other than the included test block, see Section 3 Setup and Calibration.
2.2
Basic Operation
1. Apply couplant to the test block or material where measurements will be taken.
In general, smooth material surfaces allow the use of thinner couplants such as
propylene glycol, glycerin, or water. Rough surfaces require more viscous couplant such as gel or grease. For a list of available couplants, see Section 9.4.
2. Press the tip of the transducer onto the surface of the material. Use moderate to
firm pressure and keep the transducer as flat as possible on the materials surface.
3. Read the material thickness on the gage display.
Note: For highest accuracy, the user must perform both a velocity and
zero calibration procedure. (Refer to Section 3 - Setup and Calibration.)
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SETUP AND CALIBRATION
The Model 25 has the ability to use a variety of transducers through the Auto-Application
Recall feature. Stored within the gage are seven (7) Pre-Defined and five (5) User-Defined
application setups that provide maximum flexibility for a wide range of applications. The
Pre-Defined setups always remain in the gage as defaults and cannot be removed. This
section discusses how to choose an appropriate stored transducer setup and how to calibrate the Model 25 for a specific application.
3.1
Choosing a Default or User-Defined Setup
1. Select a transducer for the desired application and connect it to the gage.
Note: To determine an appropriate transducer, please refer to Section 6.3,
Table 6.1Setup Name and Application. Use the table as a guideline only; exact thickness ranges will vary depending on the application.
2. While the gage is in the Measure mode, press [RECALL SETUP]. The following
screen will appear:
DEF-M106
3. Use the [ ] and [ ] keys to scroll through the available stored setups until the
correct setup for the application is highlighted. A complete list of the available
choices is as follows:
ACTIVE
DEF-M116
DEF-M112
DEF-M110
DEF-M106
DEF-M1016
DEF3-M202
DEF2P-M202
USER-1
USER-2
USER-3
USER-4
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USER-5
Note: The setups listed as USER-1 through USER-5 may be renamed for
special applications (see Section 3.3Custom Setups). For a complete
description see Section 9Application Notes.
4. Once the correct setup is highlighted, press [MEAS]. This action automatically
recalls the setup parameters for the chosen setup and brings the user back to the measure screen. Begin taking measurements.
3.2
Calibration
Calibration is the process of adjusting the gage, prior to testing, to a known reference
value for a specific material and transducer. Calibrating the gage is always necessary
before measuring specific material by one of the methods described below. Remember,
the gages measurement accuracy is only as good as the calibration that is performed.
The Model 25 calibration procedure falls into one of the following three (3) categories:
1. Velocity and Zero Calibration
2. Velocity Calibration Only
3. Zero Calibration Only
Note: In sections 3.2.13.2.3, the following notes are applicable:
* If a mistake is made or any problem is experienced during the calibration, press [MEAS] and begin again at Step 1.
* If the prompt "LOCK" appears on the display instead of "CAL" after
completing Step 2, unlock the calibration by following the steps below:
Press [2nd F], [IN/MM] (SP Mode).
Use the [ ] and [ ] keys to select SP-2 (Gage Setup). Press [Enter].
Use the [ ] and [ ] keys to select CAL LOCK.
Use the [ ] and [ ] keys to select ON.
Repeat steps 1 and 2.
Warning:
Save all changes made to Active Setups. Unsaved data will be

lost when a different application setup is recalled.
3.2.1 Velocity and Zero Calibration

Velocity and Zero Calibration find both sound velocity and zero offset when neither of
these are known to the gage operator. This calibration process requires two pieces of test
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material of known thickness values, and are within the measurement range of both the
transducer and setup specifications (refer to Section 6.3, Table 6.1).
One of the test materials must be thicker than the other. The thicker piece, used to measure
velocity, should be equal to or greater than the upper range of thickness to be measured.
The thinner piece, used for the zero offset, should be equal to or less than the lower range
of minimum thickness to be measured. To calibrate for the thickness range represented by
these test samples, follow the steps below:
1. Turn the gage on and wait for the Measure Screen display.
2. Place a drop of couplant on the surface of the thicker material sample, and couple
the transducer to the sample using moderate to firm pressure. A thickness reading
should appear on the display and the LOS prompt in the upper right corner of the
display will go off.
3. When a stable reading is on the display and the LOS prompt is off, press the
[CAL] key and observe the CAL (calibration) prompt that appears on the display.
4. Remain coupled to the test piece and ensure that there is still a stable reading on
the display, then press [VEL]. Now the CAL and VEL prompts should appear on
the display indicating a velocity calibration.
5. Remove the transducer from the sample. The thickness value will remain on the
display.
6. Using the [ ] and [ ] keys on the gage, enter the actual known thickness of the
test material.
7. Put a drop of liquid couplant onto the thin material sample and couple the transducer to it using moderate to firm pressure.
8. Press [CAL]. A thickness reading will appear on the display.
9. Remain coupled to the test piece and ensure that there is a stable reading on the
display, then press [ZERO]. Now the CAL and ZERO prompt should appear on
the display indicating a zero calibration.
display.
11. Using the [ ] and [ ] keys, enter the actual known thickness of the test material.
12. Press the [MEAS] key to finalize the calibration.
The user may LOCK the calibrated readings to ensure it is not accidently erased. (Refer
to Section 4.5Calibration Lock.) Follow the instructions below:
1. Press [2nd F], [IN/MM] (SP Mode).
2. Use the [ ] and [ ] keys to select SP-2 (Gage Setup). Press [Enter].
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3. Use the [ ] and [ ] keys to select CAL LOCK.

4. Use the [
] and [
] keys to select ON.
3.2.2 Velocity Calibration Only

The Velocity Calibration Only procedure may be used when the gage has been calibrated
for a particular transducer/material combination; however, that same transducer will be
used with a different material and sound velocity. The procedure requires test material of
known thickness, equal to or greater than the upper range of thickness to be measured. To
calibrate for the thickness range represented by this test sample, follow the steps below:
2. Place a drop of couplant on the surface of the test material, and couple the transducer to the sample using moderate to firm pressure. A thickness reading should
appear on the display and the LOS prompt in the upper right corner of the display
will go off.
[CAL] key and observe the CAL prompt that appears on the display.
the display, then press [VEL]. Now the CAL and VEL prompts should appear on
the display indicating a velocity calibration.
display.
6. Using the [ ] and [ ] keys, enter the actual known thickness of the sample being
measured.
7. Press [MEAS] to finalize calibration.
4. Use the [
] and [
If the sound velocity of the test material is known, that velocity may be entered directly.
Follow the procedure below to enter a known velocity:
2. Press the [VEL] key. The Velocity prompt will be displayed. The gage will display the sound velocity to which it is presently calibrated.
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3. Using the [ ] and [ ] keys, enter the desired velocity.

4. Press [MEAS] to save the new velocity in the gage.
3.2.3 Zero Calibration Only

Use the Zero Calibration Only procedure when the gage is calibrated for a particular transducer/material combination, but the transducer is replaced and the test material remains
the same.
Note: If a transducer is changed after calibration to a different type of transducer, refer to Section 3.2 and then repeat Section 3.2.1.
The Zero Calibration Only procedure requires test material of known thickness, preferably
near the lower end of the desired measurement range, but not below the gages minimum
measurement range for both the transducer and setup specifications. To calibrate for the
thickness range represented by this test sample, follow the steps below:
2. Place a drop of couplant on the surface of the material sample, and couple the
transducer to the sample using moderate to firm pressure. A thickness reading
should appear on the display and the LOS prompt in the upper right corner of the
display will go off.
[CAL] key and observe the CAL prompt that appears on the display.
the display, then press [ZERO]. Now the prompt CAL and ZERO should appear
on the display indicating a zero calibration. Remove the transducer from the sample. The thickness value will remain on the display.
5. Using the [ ] and [ ] keys, enter the actual known thickness of the sample being
measured.
6. Press [MEAS] to finalize the calibration.
4. Use the [
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If the zero offset number for a particular transducer is known, it may be entered directly.
To determine the zero number for a given transducer, calibrate the gage according to the
procedure in Section 3.2.1 or 3.2.3 above, and press the [ZERO] key to read the zero offset number. Record this number for each probe used for future reference.
Note: The same transducer cable lengths must be used in order to maintain
accuracy of the zero offset number recorded for each probe. This rule
is especially true when using cable lengths over 10 ft. (approximately
3 Meters) in 0.0001" or 0.001mm resolution.
To enter a known zero offset number, use the following procedure:
2. Press the [ZERO] key to display the ZERO prompt. The gage will display the zero
offset number to which it is presently calibrated.
3. Using the [ ] and [ ] keys, enter the desired zero offset.
4. Press [MEAS] to enter the new zero offset into the gage.
3.3
Custom Setups
The Model 25 contains five (5) User-Defined setups for custom applications that cannot
be measured with one of the seven (7) Pre-Defined setups. The gage may need adjustments to achieve optimum performance for certain special or custom applications. This
section describes how to create and store new customized setups that are conveniently
accessible and flexible.
Note: Adjustments to the Pulser/Receiver should be made only by a qualified technician who is familiar with the basic theory of Ultrasonic
Gaging and the interpretation of Ultrasonic Waveforms. Many of
these adjustments effect the range and/or measurement accuracy of
the Model 25. Adjustments should not be attempted without the use
of a 25SM (PC Scope accessory) to monitor Waveforms.
Uniquely, PC Scope allows the operator to view the Waveforms on
a regular PC and does not require the use of an oscilloscope. For further information on how to use PC Scope, refer to the 25SM or
Win25DL User Manual.
Panametrics-NDT also offers free applications assistance from our Applications Lab. The
lab is able to provide sample evaluations and specific custom parameter settings for special applications.
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3.3.1 Creating a Custom Setup

1. Connect the 25SM Scope monitor box to the Model 25 and the PC. Run the DOS
PC Scope or Win25DL software. (Refer to the 25SM or Win25DL User Manual
for instructions.)
2. Press [RECALL SETUP] from the Measure screen to bring up the Application
Setup screen.
3. Use the [ ] and [ ] keys to select one of the Pre-Defined setups that matches the
transducer type, or Frequency and Diameter of the selected transducer.
DEF-M106
4. Press [ENTER] and the Detailed Setup Screen will be displayed:
5. If PC Scope is not being used, press the [ ] and [ ] keys to select individual setup
parameters. After selecting a parameter, continue to Step 6.
If PC Scope is being used, press [RECALL SETUP] to enter the PC Scope mode
as shown on the screen sample below:
Use the [ ] and [ ] keys to select individual setup parameters. After selecting a
parameter, continue to Step 6. The following is a list of the available parameters
that are adjustable.
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SetupName
ProbeType
MatlVel
Zero
PulserPWR
MaxGain
InitGain
TDGSlope
MBBlnk
EchWindow
DtectMode
Ech1Dtect
Ech2Dtect
I/FBlnk
M3EchBlnk
6. The operator may change the selected parameter by using available keystrokes
shown in the Available Keys Field at the bottom of the display. See examples
below:
Available keys field
Available keys field
The two examples above show the available arrow options. The [ ] and [ ] keys
select a parameter while the [ ] and [ ] keys change the value of a parameter. In
some cases the [ENTER] key also allows changing parameters.
These are just two examples of many adjustable parameters however, they all follow the same type of format. All available keys appear on the bottom of the screen.
Note: Once all parameters have been adjusted for a new application, store
the setup so that it may be recalled at any time. If an adjusted setup
is not stored it will be deleted when another setup is selected. The user
will have to manually change the parameters again.
7. Press [2nd F], [RECALL SETUP] (Save Setup) to store the modified setup while
either the Application Setup list or the Setup Parameter list is displayed.
The second line of this screen shows the name of the original setup used to create
the custom setup (unless the Setup Name parameter has been changed). Use the
editing keys, shown in the middle of the screen, to change the Save_As: name to
a new name. The gage will use the new name to store and recall this custom application setup.
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8. After creating a new name, press [ENTER] to confirm the name. Press [MEAS] at
any time to return to the previous screen without changing the setup name or storing the setup.
Note: If you create a new custom setup, but dont change the name, the new
setup will have the same name as the previous setup.
9. After the new name is confirmed the following screen will be displayed:
The third line of this screen highlights the name of a custom setup location, which
will be replaced by the new setup. Select a custom setup location to overwrite the
new custom setup by using the [ ] or [ ] keys.
Note: All the USER-N locations are just place-holders that only repeat the
default setup information, so they can be safely overwritten. Overwriting any of the DEF-XXX default setups is impossible.
10. Press [ENTER] to store the specified setup name in place of the specified location,
or press the [MEAS] key to escape without storing the setup.
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GAGE FEATURES
The Model 25 has additional thickness measurement features other than those discussed in
Section 2 and 3 that make the gage a reliable, versatile instrument. This section outlines
each features benefits and functionality.
4.1
High/Low Alarm
The Alarm feature provides a warning for the operator when a thickness reading goes
above or below a programmable thickness level. These levels are known as Setpoint Values. The Alarm must be turned on from the gages Alarm Measure Mode in order for this
feature to work. When the alarm is activated and a displayed reading (actual, minimum, or
maximum) extends beyond the designated range, an alarm condition occurs sounding
audible beeps and visual indicators. The audible beep stops during LOS.
The image below shows an example of a visual indicator when a low measure alarm condition occurs. A LOW or HIGH message on the bottom of the screen replaces the
standard ALRM indicator.
To view and/or change the Alarm Setpoint Values:

1. Press the [ALARM] key from any Measure mode. The existing Low Alarm Setpoint Value will be displayed with the word LOW indicated. Use the [ ] and
[ ] keys to change the value.
2. Press the [ALARM] key again to display the existing High Alarm Setpoint Value.
Use the [ ] and [ ] keys to change the value, or press [ENTER] to accept it. If
the first number entered is higher than the following number, the gage will intuitively interpret the lower number as the Low Alarm Setpoint Value and the higher
value as the High Alarm Setpoint Value.
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Also note that Alarm Setpoint Values entered in one system of units (i.e. metric or
inches) will be displayed as the closest equivalent value if an alternate unit is
selected.
3. Press [MEAS] while in the view/set Alarm Setpoint Value mode to select the
Alarm Measure, Minimum Alarm Measure, or Maximum Alarm Measure mode.
Note: If the previous mode was a Differential Measure mode, then pressing the [ALARM] key will then disable the Differential mode.
4. Press [ALARM] to disable alarms while in an Alarm Measure mode.
4.2
Auto Shutoff
By default, the gage turns off automatically after about five minutes when the gage
remains idle. This safety feature prevents the battery from running low if the gage is left
unattended for a long period of time without being turned off. The shutoff time period may
be set from 6 to 18 minutes, or disabled entirely.
To view or change the Auto Shutoff parameters:
1. Press [2nd F], [IN/MM] (SP Mode) to display a list of Special Modes.
2. Change the Auto Shutoff time period:
a. Use the [ ] and [ ] keys to select SP-2 (Gage Setup). Press [ENTER].
b. Use the [ ] and [ ] keys to select Inactive Time.
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c. Use the [ ] or [ ] keys to change the Inactive Time between OFF, 6 MIN,
12 MIN, or 18 MIN.
3. Disable the auto shutoff by choosing OFF for the Inactive Time parameter.
4. Press the [MEAS] key to return to the Measure mode.
4.3
Beeper Tone
The Beeper sounds when any keys on the gage are pressed and certain actions occur. By
default the Beeper is enabled (turned on). If the Beeper is not desired, it may be disabled.
To enable or disable beeper tone:
1. Press [2nd F], [IN/MM] (SP mode) to display a list of Special Modes.
2. Use the [ ] and [ ] keys to select SP-2 (Gage Setup). Press [ENTER].
3. Use the [ ] and [ ] keys to select Beeper and use the [
ON or OFF.
] or [
] keys to choose
4. Press [MEAS] to return to the Measure mode.
4.4
Thickness Display Blank or Hold
By default, the gage blanks its last measured and displayed thickness value when LOS
(Loss of Signal) occurs (Blank mode). In other words, when the gage stops reading a signal the screen will not show any thickness reading, thus appearing blank. The Hold function (Hold mode), on the other hand, freezes the last measured thickness even when LOS
occurs.
To change to the Hold mode from the Blank mode:
1. Press [2nd F], [IN/MM] (SP mode).
3. Use the [ ] and [ ] keys to select HOLD/BLANK.
4. Use the [
4.5
] or [
] keys to change between Hold and Blank.
Calibration Lock
The Calibration Lock protects calibration values such as Velocity, Zero, and Application
setups so they cannot be altered, but may be viewed. However, all other gage setups can
still be changed.
To enable the Calibration Lock:
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4. Use the [ ] and [ ] keys to select ON. The Calibration Lock prompt, LOCK,
will be displayed in the second field of the first status line indicating that the Calibration Lock is active.
5. Press [MEAS] to remove the Calibration Lock prompt.
4.6
Differential Display
The Differential Thickness display shows a thickness reading as the difference between the
actual Measured Thickness and a user set Differential Reference Value as defined below:
(Differential Thickness) = (Measured Thickness) - (Differential Reference Value)
Differential Thickness:
Allows the user to view and change a Differential

Reference Value, and also to select the display of the
Differential Thickness.
Differential Reference Value:
The units and resolution of the Differential Reference

Value and the Differential Thickness are the same as
those selected for the thickness measurement.
Min Differential Measure Mode:
Displays the minimum algebraic value of the Differential Thickness measurements (e.g. -0.030" is less
than +0.005").
Max Differential Measure Mode: Displays the maximum algebraic value of the Differential Thickness measurements (e.g. 0.020" is
greater than -0.030").
The following chart shows the different thickness readings derived from the same
sequence of four measurements when Differential, Min Differential, and Max Differential
measure modes are selected.
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Measured
Thickness
Differential
Reference
Value
Differential
Thickness
Min. Diff.
Thickness
Max. Diff.
Thickness
0.070"
0.100"
-0.030"
-0.030"
-0.030"
0.105"
0.100"
0.005"
-0.030"
0.005"
0.120"
0.100"
0.020"
-0.030"
0.020"
0.085"
0.100"
-0.015"
-0.030"
0.020"
To view, set, or change the Differential Reference Value:

1. Press the [2nd F], [ALARM] (DIFF) key while in the Measure, Min Measure,
Max Measure, or Alarm Measure Mode. A screen titled DIFFERENTIAL will
display the current Differential Reference Value, which may be changed using the
[ ] and [ ] keys. The Differential Reference Value display is shown below:
2. To select the Differential Measure mode from the Set/View Differential mode,
press [MEAS].
If the gage was in the Measure or Alarm Measure mode before [2nd F],
[ALARM] (DIFF) was pressed, the Differential Measure Mode will be
selected.
If the gage was in the Min Measure or Max Measure mode, the Min Differential Measure or the Max Differential Measure mode will be selected.
Differential Measure modes are indicated by the word MEAS in the fourth field
of the first status line and the word DIFF in the third field of the bottom status
line.
Note: Differential Measure and Alarm Measure are mutually exclusive
modes and cannot co-exist in the gage.
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3. Return the gage to the Measure Mode from the Set/View Differential mode or
any Differential Measure Mode by pressing the [2nd F], [ALARM] (DIFF) key.
The Differential Reference Value will be stored and can be recovered for later
use.
4.7
Language
English is the default language in the Model 25 gage. However, the user can change the
language specification to French, German, or Spanish. When a language other than
English is specified, most text will be shown in the specified language, although some text
will remain in English.
To change the default language:
3. Use the [ ] and [ ] keys to select the Language option and use the [
keys to select another language.
] or [
4. Press [MEAS] to return to the Measure mode.
4.8
Measurement Display Update Rate
The rate at which the measured thickness value is updated on the display may be adjusted
between 1, 2, 5, or 10 measurements per second, averaging with or without QBAR (see
Note below). The default measurement rate is 2 measurements per second.
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Note: Averaging is used for the highest degree of accuracy/stability. A

five measurement running average is calculated and displayed at a
10 measurement per second rate.
The QBAR (quality bar), is an indicator of measurement stability
shown on the third status line. The length of the QBAR is proportional to the measurement stability. A short QBAR indicates relatively unstable readings which vary from one to the next. A long
QBAR indicates stable readings, that is, readings that do not vary
from one another. Averaging with QBAR aids in finding optimum
transducer coupling in some applications.
For each measured material a combination of factors affect how fast the least significant
digit of the thickness value changes, such as:
measurement rate setting
display resolution
transducer type
speed of transducer movement
In general, the operator should use a measurement rate and technique that yields a fast
response to transducer placement and movement without encountering fluctuation from
the least significant digit.
To display the current Measurement Rate:
1.
Press [2nd F], [CAL] (MEAS RATE). The rate will be displayed on the second
status line.
2. To change the Measurement Rate, press [ ] or [ ] until the desired rate is shown
on the second status line. The available settings are:
Meas Rate = 1/sec
Meas Rate = 2/sec
Meas Rate = 5/sec
Meas Rate = 10/sec
Averaging - No QBAR
Averaging - QBAR
Measurements remain active during this time and rate changes occur immediately.
3. To remove the Measurement Rate display, press [MEAS].
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Note: When high resolution measurements (.0001" or .001mm) are

selected, the Measure Rate is temporarily forced into Averaging No QBAR. When the resolution is changed back to standard or
low, the Measure Rate is restored to its previous value.
When Min or Max Measure is selected, the Measure Rate is temporarily forced to 10/sec. When the Min or Max mode is exited, the
Measure Rate is restored to its previous value.
4.9
Minimum Thickness Display
The Minimum mode (Min mode) determines the smallest thickness measured. This feature is useful when it is important to determine the thinnest reading obtained while making
a series of readings on a test piece.
The Min mode displays the minimum thickness reading when the transducer is uncoupled,
but displays the actual measured thickness when the transducer is coupled to the material.
This display contrast allows the benefits of real time thickness readout to be combined
with a minimum hold feature. When the Minimum mode is selected, all functions that
operate on the thickness reading operate on the displayed data only. Therefore, when the
transducer is in contact the Differential and Alarm functions utilize the actual thickness
being displayed rather than the internally held minimum thickness. When the transducer is
removed these functions utilize the displayed minimum thickness.
Note: False minimum readings may appear with the use of excess couplant combined with action of lifting the transducer straight up
from the test piece, particularly on smooth surfaces. The gage actually reads the couplant thickness as the transducer is lifted. To
avoid this problem, apply a small amount of couplant and remove
the transducer with a sideways motion.
To select a Min Measure mode from the Measure,
Differential Measure, or Alarm Measure mode:
2. Use the [ ] or [ ] keys to highlight SP-2 (Gage Setup), and press [ENTER].
3. Use the [ ] or [ ] keys to highlight MIN/MAX.
4. Use the [
] or [
] keys to select MIN ON, and press [MEAS].
a. When the gage is in a Min Measure mode and the actual measured thickness
value is being displayed, the word MIN will be displayed steadily in the first
field of the top status line.
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b. The numeric display will be blank until the first measurement is made.
5. Select the fastest measurement rate possible in order to capture small minimum
thicknesses while scanning with the transducer.
Note: When entering MIN/MAX mode, the update rate will automatically
change to 10 measurements per second. When the normal measure
mode is re-entered, the original measure rate is restored.
6. Press the [MEAS] key to reset the minimum value so a new series of minimum
measurements may be found. The thickness display will blink indicating that the
old minimum value has been reset.
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7. Repeat steps 14 to exit from the Min Measure mode and return to either the Measure, Differential Measure, or Alarm Measure mode.
Warning: For both Minimum and Maximum Thickness Display, scanning
with direct contact transducers on rough surfaces may cause
excessive wear and may shorten transducer life.
4.10 Maximum Thickness Display

The Maximum (Max mode) determines the largest thickness measured. This feature is
useful when determining the thickest reading, among a series of readings, on a test piece.
The Max mode displays the maximum reading when the transducer is uncoupled but displays the actual measured thickness when the transducer is coupled to the material. This
allows the benefits of real time thickness readout to be combined with a maximum hold
feature.
When the Max mode is selected, all functions that normally operate on the thickness reading, operate on the displayed data only. Thus in the Max mode, when the transducer is in
contact, the Differential and Alarm modes utilize the actual thickness being displayed
rather than the internally held maximum thickness. When the transducer is removed, these
modes utilize the displayed maximum thickness.
To select a Max Measure mode from the Measure,
Differential Measure, or Alarm Measure mode:
2. Use the [ ] or [ ] keys to highlight SP-2 (Gage Setup), and press [ENTER].
3. Use the [ ] or [ ] keys to highlight MIN/MAX.
4. Use the [
] or [
] keys to select MAX ON, and press [MEAS].
a. When the gage is in a Max measure mode and the actual measured thickness
value is being displayed, the word MAX will be displayed steadily in the
first field of the top status line.
b. The numeric display will be blank until the first measurement is made.
5. Capture maximum thickness values by selecting the fastest measurement rate
possible.
6. Press the [MEAS] key to reset the maximum value so a new series of maximum
measurements may be found. The thickness display will blank indicating that the
old maximum value has been reset.
7. Repeat steps 14 to exit from the Max Measure mode and return to either the Measure, Differential Measure, or Alarm Measure mode.
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4.11 Decimal Point

By default, the Decimal Point, represented by a period (.), is used for accurate thickness
and velocity values in the Model 25. The operator may choose to use a comma instead of
the period by changing the parameters.
To change the decimal point to the comma (,):
1. Press [2nd F], [IN/MM], (SP Mode).
2. Use the [ ] or [ ] keys to select SP-2 (Gage Setup). Press [ENTER].
3. Use the [ ] or [ ] keys to select Decimal Point.
4. Use the [
] or [
] keys to select either the period or comma.
5. Press the [MEAS] key to return to the Measure mode.
4.12 Measurement Reset

The Measurement reset restores the gage to the measurement default parameters. This
may be a useful feature to new operators while becoming familiar with the advanced feature setups, as well as experienced operators to create an efficient short-cut to a known
configuration. The measurement calibration and setup is NOT affected by Measurement
Reset.
The parameters will reset to the following:
Measure mode with Differential, Min, Max, and Alarms turned off
Differential Setpoint Value = 0.0 in. or mm
Low Alarm Setpoint Value = 0.0 in. or mm
High Alarm Setpoint Value = 20.0 in. or 508.00mm
CAL function unlocked
Measurement Update Rate = 2 per second
Blank thickness display during LOS condition
Standard resolution, (.001 in. or .01mm)
Backlight off
LCD Contrast set to normal
Inactive Time = 6 minutes
Beeper ON
To perform the Measurement Reset:

1. Press [2nd F], [IN/MM] (SP MODE).
2. Use the [ ] or [ ] keys to select SP-3 (Gage Reset). Press [ENTER].
3. Use the [ ] or [ ] keys to select Measure Reset. Press [ENTER]. The following
screen will be displayed:
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4. Press the [ENTER] key to confirm the Measure Reset selection, or to go directly
back to the selection screen by pressing [MEAS].
(When the [ENTER] key is pressed, a beep and a message Reset Complete confirms that a Measure Reset has been performed and the reset selection screen is
shown.
4.13 Master Reset

The Master Reset function resets all of the gages parameters to default settings. This feature is a powerful tool; use with caution.
To perform a Master Reset:
1. Press [2nd F], [IN/MM] (SP MODE).
2. Use the [ ] or [ ] keys to select SP-3 (Gage Reset). Press [ENTER].
3. Use the [ ] or [ ] keys to select Master Reset. Press [ENTER].
4. Press the [ENTER] key to confirm the Master Reset selection, or to go directly
back to the selection screen by pressing [MEAS].
(When the [ENTER] key is pressed, a beep and a message Reset Complete confirms that a Master Reset has been performed and the reset selection screen is
shown.
5. Press [MEAS] to return to the Measure mode, or go to the Special mode selection
list and select Main Special Mode Menu.
Note: After a Master Reset, your last transducer setup remains as the
active setup in the gage.
4.14 Thickness Resolution

Thickness Resolution is the number of thickness value digits shown to the right of the decimal point. The user may change these values from the keyboard. There are three resolu-
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tions to choose from: Standard (default) .001" (.01mm); High .0001" (.001mm); and Low
.01" (.1mm).
The resolution selection affects all displays and screen output of values with thickness
units, including measured thickness, differential reference value, and alarm setpoints.
When High Resolution is selected, the Measurement Display Rate is forced to Averaging-No QBAR. When the resolution is changed from High Resolution, the Measurement
Rate is returned to its status prior to selecting High Resolution. (See Section 4.8Measurement Display Update Rate.)
To change the resolution while in any Measure mode:
1. Press [2nd F], [VEL] (RESOL). The new resolution is indicated by the position of
the decimal point.
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SCREEN DISPLAY FORMATS
The Model 25 shows the measured thickness and all other information on a 2.3"W x 1.6"H
(58mm x 41mm) Liquid Crystal Display (LCD). The display is readable in normal working conditions, ambient lighting, and a wide range of temperatures. There is a switchable
internal backlight to enable reading the display in low light conditions, as well as a contrast control to optimize display readability at extreme temperatures and poor lighting.
The screen display is a graphics type, which means that it can display different types of
information in different formats. The Model 25 displays information in five basic screen
formats.
1. Measurement Screen: Shows the thickness reading in large digits in the center of
the display surrounded by other measurement information and gage conditions.
2. Calibration Screen: Similar to the Measurement Screen but is for Material Velocity and Zero Calibration.
3. Application Setup Screens (3):
a. A list of measurement setups from which the proper setup for particular measurement applications may be chosen.
b. A list of parameter values for each setup, which may be customized for
unusual applications.
c. An active thickness measurement and a parameter value that allow changing
the parameter value using the PC Scope.
4. View/Set Screen: Shows the value of a parameter such as Differential Reference
or Velocity in large digits in the center of the display with additional information
on the top and bottom status lines.
5. Special Mode Screens (2): Allows normal gage measurements to be customized
for special requirements. These screens also allow the gage to be reset to known
default conditions and run tests on various internal parts of the gage.
5.1
Backlight
The gage displays the best contrast in bright light. However, the screen is also readable in
subdued light or even complete darkness by using the built-in electroluminescent backlight.
To turn on the display backlight:
1. Press the key with the light bulb symbol. When the backlight is turned on, a light
bulb symbol on the gage display will appear above the units indicator.
2. The backlight may be switched off by pressing the light bulb key again.
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Note: To prevent unnecessary drain on the battery, use the backlight only
when needed. The backlight turns off when the gage is shut down,
and after a Master or Measurement Reset.
5.2
Contrast
Normally, the display contrast requires no adjustment. However, at extreme temperatures,

such as below 32F (0C) and above 104F (40C), contrast adjustment may be required.
To adjust display contrast:
1. Press [2nd F], [LIGHT BULB] (LCD ADJ).
2. Press [ ] to darken the display or [ ] to lighten the display.
To stop adjusting display contrast:
1. Press either [MEAS] or [ENTER] to stop the [ ] and [ ] keys from adjusting
contrast.
2. Restore contrast to the default setting by performing a Measurement or Master
Reset if desired.
5.3
Measurement Screen
The Measurement Screen is displayed when the Model 25 is in the thickness measuring
mode. The Measurement Screen is divided into several fields where particular types of
information are located.
5.3.1 Measured Thickness Value Area

The large area in the center of the screen is for displaying the measured thickness value
including the selected units and resolution.
5.3.2 First Status Line

The first status line has three (3) fields that are used in the Measurement Screen.
1. The basic Measurement Screen differs from other screens such as the PC Scope
and Calibration screens because the second and third fields are blank, and the
fourth field contains the prompt MEASN (where N refers to the selected detection
method).
2. The rightmost field of the first status line is only used to display the LOS (Loss Of
Signal) prompt when the Model 25 cannot detect a signal from the transducer.
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3. The leftmost field of the first status line is only used to display the MIN or MAX
prompt when the Model 25 is in the Minimum Measure mode or the Maximum
Measure mode.
5.3.3 Second Status Line

When either Measurement Rate or Display Blank/Hold is selected, the status of those two
functions is shown on the second status line.
MEAS RATE = 2/SEC
5.3.4 Fourth Status Line

The leftmost field of the fourth status line is used to indicate that the [2nd F] key has been
pressed. The Model 25 will interpret the next keystroke according the second function
name printed above the keys on the keypad.
The second field shows the primary available keys for that function.
The third field is used to indicate the following:
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The Alarm Measure mode is enabled, (ALRM)

The Alarm Measure mode is enabled and the measurement is less than the low
setpoint, (flashing LOW)
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The Alarm Measure mode is enabled and the measurement is greater than the
high setpoint, (flashing HIGH)
The Differential Measure mode is active, (DIFF)
The fourth field is used to indicate the occurrence of an operational error. Press [2nd F],
[ZERO], (STATUS) for more information when E is displayed here.
The rightmost field always shows an estimate of the remaining battery capacity (see Section 7.2).
5.4
Calibration Screen
The Calibration Screen, similar to the Measurement screen, is used during material sample
calibrations. Please refer to the Calibration Screen below, which shows several field divisions where particular information is located.
5.4.1 Calibration Thickness Value Area

The large area in the center of the screen displays the measured or entered thickness value
of the calibration sample(s).
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5.4.2 First Status Line

The Calibration Screen uses four of the five first status line fields.
The prompt CAL of the basic Calibration Screen, located in the second field of
the first status line, distinguishes itself from other screens such as the PC Scope
and Measurement screens.
The third field indicates that VELOCITY or ZERO calibration has been
selected.
The fourth field indicates the detection method used to measure the calibration
sample material by displaying MEASN (where N is 1, 2, or 3).
The rightmost field of the first status line is only used to display the LOS (Loss
Of Signal) prompt when the Model 25 cannot detect a signal from the transducer.
5.4.3 Fourth Status Line

The Calibration Screen uses four of the five fields of the fourth status line.
5.5
The leftmost field of the fourth status line indicates that the [2nd F] key has
been pressed, and the gage will accept the secondary function from the next
key pressed, which is shown above the keys on the keypad.
The second field shows the primary available keys for the selected function.
The third field indicates the occurrence of an operational error. Press [2nd F],
[ZERO] (STATUS) for more information when E is displayed here.
The rightmost field always shows an estimate of the remaining battery capacity.
Application Setup Screens
There are three different screens used by the Application Setup function: (1) Setup Selection List, (2) Setup Parameter List, and (3) PC Scope Screen Format. Most users will only
need to be familiar with the Setup Selection List in order to choose the proper setup when
changing to a new measurement application. The Setup Parameter List and PC Scope
Screen Format are only used when custom setups are required for special applications.
5.5.1 Application Setup List

The Application Setup List is the initial screen shown when [SETUP RECALL] is
pressed. The Measurement Setup List screen format is shown below:
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The highlighted name on the top line identifies the function as Application Setup.
The middle portion of the screen is a partial list of all the available Setup names. The highlighted item identifies the selected setup. The selection highlight may be moved and the
list may be scrolled to show all names by using the [ ] and [ ] keys.
The first field of the bottom status line shows when the [2nd F] key has been pressed. The
second field shows the primary available keys. The third field shows E when an error
occurs. The rightmost field shows the battery capacity remaining.
5.5.2 Setup Parameter List

When a particular setup from the list above is selected for viewing, a list of parameter values is displayed. The Setup Parameter List screen format is shown below:
Function name
Partial list of Parameter values

with selection highlighted
2NDF
MEAS LOCK E
Battery capacity
remaining
Keyboard 2ND Function

Available keys
Error
SETUP PARAMETER LIST
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The highlighted name on the top line identifies the function as Measurement Setup.
The middle portion of the screen is a partial list of the parameter names and values for the
selected setup. The highlighted item identifies the selected parameter, which may be
moved. The [ ] and [ ] keys allow the user to scroll through all the names in the list. In
addition, the [ ] and [ ] keys can change the setup parameter values.
5.5.3 PC Scope Screen Format

The PC Scope Screen Format is used in conjunction with the optional PC Scope, which
allows echo waveforms and detection markers to be shown on a personal computer while
measurements are simultaneously taken and parameters changed. This function is only
required when creating custom measurement setups for special measurement requirements. The PC Scope Measurement Screen format is shown below:
The highlighted area of the first status line identifies the function as PC Scope. The second
field indicates that measurements are being made and which detection method is being
used. The rightmost field shows LOS prompt when there is loss of signal.
The second status line shows the name of the selected parameter and its value. Change
parameter names by using the [ ] and [ ] keys, and change parameter values by using
the [ ] and [ ] keys.
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The middle portion of the screen shows the measured thickness value in large digits.
5.6
View/Set Screen
The purpose of the View/Set screen is to review and/or change the current value of the following gage parameters:
Material Velocity (see Sections 3.1 and 3.3)
Zero Calibration Value (see Sections 3.1 and 3.3)
Differential Measurement Reference (see Section 4.6)
Alarm Setpoints (see Section 4.1)
Refer to the figure below for the following discussion of the format of this screen:
The top status line indicates the view/set function name.

The middle area of the screen shows the value being viewed or changed in large numerals.
second field shows the primary available keys. On the Alarm Set Point screen, the third
field shows either LOW or HIGH to indicate which Alarm Setpoint is being displayed.
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The fourth field shows E when an error occurs. The rightmost field shows the battery
capacity remaining.
5.7
Special Mode Screens
There are two screens used by the Special Mode function: (1) special mode names, which
offers gage function selections; and (2) a parameter or function screen that list parameters
that can be changed or functions that can be performed. Please note the following display
for reference:
SP-1 GAGE TESTS

SP-2 GAGE SETUP
SP-3 GAGE RESETS
5.7.1 Special Mode Selection Screen

The Special Mode Selection Screen is entered by pressing [2nd F], [IN/MM] (SP
MODE).
The top line of the screen identifies it as SPECIAL MODE SELECT.
The central area shows a list of the Special Function names. Select a highlighted name by
pressing [ENTER], or move the highlighted item to another name using the [ ] and [ ]
keys.
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5.7.2 Parameter or Function Screen

Select a name from the Special Mode Selection screen to enter the Parameter or Function
Screen.
Function name
Parameter or function list
2ND F
Keyboard 2ND Function

Available keys
Error
Battery capacity
remaining
SPECIAL MODE PARAMETER OR FUNCTION SCREEN

The top line of the screen gives the name of the special function whose parameters or
functions are displayed below.
The central area shows a list of functions or changeable parameters for the selected Special Function. Use the [ ] and [ ] keys to highlight various menus, and press
[ENTER] to select the highlighted item. Use the [ ] or [ ] keys to change a highlighted parameter.
5.8
Status Screen
The Status Screen briefly summarizes the gage setup such as: Current Application Setup,
Current Transducer Type, and Software Version Number.
1. To review the Status Screen, press [2nd F], [ZERO] (STATUS).
2. To return to the measure mode, press [MEAS].
5.9
Error Help Screen
Whenever the gage detects an operational error, the character E is displayed on the fourth
status line just to the left of the battery capacity value. The error condition is also signaled
by an extra long duration beep.
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The problem may be identified by pressing [2nd F], [ZERO] (STATUS) while the E is
displayed. An Error Help Screen that explains the problem will be shown.
Press [MEAS] to return to the Measure mode where corrective action may be taken if
necessary.
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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
6.1
Measurement Mode
PERFORMANCE
Thickness Range
Thickness measurements fall within a range depending on the setup, material, and transducer. Detailed
ranges for each standard setup are specified in Table
6-1 in Section 6.3Application Setups.
In general, selecting the proper setup allows thickness measurements for the following ranges:
Steel:
Plastic:
Measurement Resolution
0.006" to 20.000"
(0.15mm to 508.00mm)
0.003" to 2.000"
(0.080mm to 50.00mm)
Keypad selectable: Low - 0.01" (0.1mm)

Std. - 0.001" (0.01mm)
High - 0.0001" (0.001mm)
Material Velocity
Range
Material Velocity
Resolution
Zero Cal Range
Measurement Display
Update Rate
.02000"/S to .66929"/S
(0.5080mm/S to 17.0000mm/S)
.0001"/S (.001mm/S), default
.00001"/S (.0001mm/S), selectable
0.00 to 999.99 zero counts
Keypad selectable: 1, 2, 5, 10 measurements per second, averaging, or averaging with Quality Bar.
Averaging is a running average of 5 measurements
at a 10/sec update rate.
Differential Reference Range
0.0 to 20.000" (508.00mm)
Differential Reference
Resolution
Same as current gage resolution
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Alarm Setpoints
Range
0.0 to 20.000" (508.00mm)
Alarm Setpoints
Resolution
Same as current gage resolution
FUNCTIONS
Units
The measurement units are keypad selectable as

either inches or millimeters.
Resolution
The measurement resolution is selectable among

high, standard, and low resolution from the keypad:
High:
.0001" (.001mm)
Standard: .001" (.01mm)
Low:
.01" (.1mm)
Echo Detection
Methods
The following are selected as part of the Application

Setup. (See Section 7.3Application Setups.)
Mode 1: Time between excitation pulse and first echo
following blank period using contact transducers.
Mode 2: Time between the interface echo and the
first backwall echo. Normally used with delay line
or immersion transducers.
Mode 3: Time between a pair of backwall echos following the interface echo. Normally used with delay
line or immersion transducers.
Min Mode
Current thickness is displayed during transducer

contact and the minimum thickness measured is displayed during LOS.
Max Mode
Current thickness is displayed during transducer

contact and the maximum thickness measured is displayed during LOS.
Hold/blank
The thickness display during LOS may be set to

either HOLD the last reading during LOS or
BLANK the display during LOS.
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Differential
The thickness display may be set to display either

actual measured thickness or the difference between
the measured thickness and a user-set Differential
Thickness Reference Value. The default is a Diff.
Ref. Value of 0.000 and Diff Measure mode OFF
Alarm
The gage may be set to indicate visually and audibly

whenever the measured thickness is less than a userset Low Alarm value or greater than a user-set High
Alarm value.
The default is Low Alarm value = 0.000, High
Alarm value = full scale, and Alarm Measure mode
OFF
6.2
Calibration
View and/or set the material velocity by pressing [VEL] from the measure mode, or by
selecting MatlVel from the Setup Parameter List.
View and/or set the Zero Calibration by pressing [ZERO] from the measure mode, or by
selecting Zero from the Setup Parameter List.
Preform the Velocity and/or Zero Calibration by entering the known thickness(es) of test
block(s) while measuring the block(s).
6.3
Application Setups
Application Setups are a set of stored configurations of the gage parameters for various
measurement applications. Setups are optimized for such application features as material,
thickness range, and required accuracy or resolution.
When the gage is turned on, the last Setup used is automatically selected and the gage is
ready to make similar measurements.
If the application has changed, choose an Application Setup name based on the new application (refer to Table 6-1).
Note: A transducer of the type specified for the selected setup should be
plugged into the gage.
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Table 6-1: Application Setup Name and Application

Setup Name
DEF-M116*
Probe Type
M116
Typical Application
Steel: 0.020 - 1.5" (0.250 - 38mm)
Plastic1: 0.010" min. (0.13mm min.)
DEF-M112*
M112
Steel: 0.030 - 10" (0.76 - 254mm)

DEF-M110*
M110
Steel: 0.040 - 15" (1.00 - 380mm)

DEF-M109
M109
Steel: 0.050 - 20" (1.00 - 508mm)

DEF-M106*
M106
Steel: 0.080 - 20" (2.00 - 508mm)

DEF-M1016*
M1016
Steel: 0.030 - 1.5" (0.76 - 38mm)

DEF3-MV260
V260
Steel: 0.020 -0.200" (0.50 - 5mm)
DEF2P-V260
V260
Plastic1: 0.008 - 0.4" (0.20 - 10mm)
DEF3-M208
M208
Steel: 0.010 - 0.200" (0.25 - 5mm)
DEF2P-M208
M208
Plastic1: 0.005 - 0.2" (0.12 - 5mm)
DEF2P-M207
M207
Plastic1: 0.060 - 0.5" (1.50 - 12mm)
DEF2P-M206
M206
Plastic1: 0.030 - 0.5" (0.76 - 12mm)
DEF2M-M206
M206
Steel: 0.050 - 0.750" (1.25 - 19mm)
DEF3-M202*
M202
Steel: 0.010 - 0.500" (0.25 - 12.5mm)
DEF2P-M202*
M202
Plastic1: 0.010 -0.25" (0.25 - 6mm)
Note: 1 The maximum thickness measuring capability on plastics depends on the attenuation characteristics of the material.
* All bold text denotes the default parameters that come with the Model 25 thickness gage.
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Setup Quantity
7 factory default setups. Space for 5 custom or user

defined setups.
Custom Application
Setups
Applications that are not covered by any of the

default setups can be measured by creating a custom
setup for the special application. This setup may be
done by adjusting the parameters of the closest
default setup.
A description of the setup parameters which can be
adjusted to make a custom setup are listed in Table
6-2 below:
Table 6-2: Setup Parameter Description
Name
Description
Units/Resolutions/Range
ProbeType
Transducer type
One of the 11 transducer types from

default setup list.
MatlVel
Ultrasonic sound velocity of material to

be measured
.02000 - .66929"/s (0.5080 - 17.0000mm/s)
Zero
Zero calibration factor
0 -999.99
PulserPwr
Pulser power
30, 60, or 110 Volts
MaxGain
Maximum receiver gain
0 - 79.6dB, 1dB steps
InitGain
Initial T.V.G. gain
0 - MaxGain, 1dB steps
TVGSlope
Time Varied Gain slope
0 - 26.5dB/s, 0.1dB/s steps
MBBlank
Main Bang Blank
55ns to 200s, 0.14s steps. 22ns or Echo

Window time interval, whichever is less
EchWindow
Echo window. Echo detect gate which

55ns to 200s, .014 s steps. 55ns or MB
begins at end of MB Blank in mode 1 or Blank time interval, whichever is less
interface echo in modes 2 & 3. The value
reported for the end of Echo Window is
relative to the Main Bang.
DtectMode
Echo Detect Mode
1, 2 or 3
Ech1Dtect
Detection polarity of first echo
+ or -
Ech2Dtect
Detection polarity of second echo
+ or -
I/FBLANK
Blank after Interface echo
0 -20000 ns, 14 ns steps
M3EchBlnk
Blank after first measured backwall echo 0 - 20000 ns, 14 ns steps

in mode 3
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6.4
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General
Display
Dot matrix, graphics, Super Twisted Nematic,

monochrome, transflective, liquid crystal display
Viewable area is 2.22". x 1.51" (56.28mm x
38.36mm). Electroluminescent backlight. Contrast
is adjustable from the keypad.
Keypad
Sealed and embossed membrane surface. Tactile and

audible feedback color-coded graphics 15 keys.
Transducers
Can be used with contact, delay line, and immersion

transducers from 2MHz to 30MHz. Default setups
are provided for the 6 probes listed in Section 7.3
Application Setups and Table 6-2 in this section.
Physical
Size:
6.5
7.70" x 3.39" x 1.70"

(195.6mm x 86.2mm x 66.9mm)
Weight:
1.3 lb. (0.59 kg)
Case:
Material is Lexan
Construction: Dust and splash proof
Operating
Temperature: 0C to 50C
Battery and Charger
Battery Description
Nickel Cadmium, rechargeable, rated 6 Volts at

700 mAHr
Battery Run Time
30 hours typical, 10 hours with backlight on continuously
Battery Charge Time
7 hours (using 26CA PLUS)
Charger
External wall plug-in charger for 100VAC,

115VAC, and 230VAC inputs (Panametrics
Part # 26CA PLUS)
Optional
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Operation with four disposable alkaline AA cell is

available as a factory installed option. 70 hours typical run time
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6.6
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Special Gage Functions
General
Access many gage functions, which do not require

frequent changing, by using the Special or SP keypad mode.
These features may all be accessed by pressing
[2ND F], [IN/MM] (SP MODE). Then use [ ],
[ ], and [ENTER] to select a category of SP functions (SP-1 thru SP-3). Finally a particular function
may be selected and modified by using [ ], [ ],
[ ], [ ], and [ENTER].
List Of Special
Functions
SP-1
Gage Tests
Display Test
Keyboard Test
Hardware Test
SP-2 Gage Setup

Inactive Time: off, 6*, 12, 18
Beeper:
on* or off
Language:
English, French, German,
Spanish
Decimal Point: period* or comma
VEL-Resol:
low* or high
Cal Lock:
on or off*
Min/Max:
Off*, Min On, or Max On
Hold/Blank:
Blank* or Hold
* Indicates the features default value.
SP-3 Resets
Measure Reset:
Master Reset:
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Std. resolution, 2/sec measure rate, 0.000 diff. value,

diff mode OFF, 0.000 low
alarm setpoint, full scale
high alarm setpoint, alarms
OFF, min OFF, max OFF,
BLANK on LOS, Cal lock
OFF, default contrast, auto
shutdown on, auto shutdown
6 minutes, backlight OFF,
low velocity resolution
Measure Communication
Resets
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BATTERY
An internal 6V battery pack using rechargeable Nickel Cadmium (NiCd) batteries powers the Model 25. Panametrics
supplies the gage with the Model 26CA PLUS
Charger/AC Adapter battery pack. Other chargers may reduce battery life and will void
the gages warranty.
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7.1
Low Battery
The gage operates for at least 20 hours between charges under normal conditions (excluding High Measure Rates, or activated backlight). The screen always displays the current
battery status in the lower right corner using an indicator to show the remaining battery
life with a maximum indication of 99%.
7.2
Charging Batteries
The batteries are fully charged when shipped, but to ensure the longest operating time they
should be recharged before using. To charge the batteries, simply plug the cable from
charger into the socket on the top of the gage. Normal charging time for a completely discharged battery is about 8 hours. When the remaining charge drops to about 1% of a full
charge, the gage automatically shuts off. If the battery is insufficiently charged, then the
gage will automatically turn off to prevent damage to the battery.
Caution: Charging batteries for more than 16 hours at a time may reduce
battery life.
During charging, the gage can be operated in the usual way with little effect on charging
time. However, the battery status indicator is not valid when the charger is plugged in and
cannot be used to determine the remaining charge time.
Even an uncharged battery will maintain the stored calibration values and thickness data
for several weeks. Moreover, the gage has an internal back-up battery to maintain data in
memory even when the main battery is completely removed. This internal battery, with
the main battery installed, lasts five (5) to seven (7) years during normal use of the gage
and does not require recharging. However, to preserve the life of both batteries, it is not
recommended to leave the gage without a battery, or with an uncharged main battery for
long periods of time. Please note that there is not a status indicator for the back-up battery.
7.3
Changing Battery Pack
After several hundred recharges, the batteries lose their ability to hold a full charge and
require replacement. Follow the steps below to change the battery pack:
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1. Access the battery compartment through the back cover of the gage.
2. Remove the cover by loosening the captive screw.
3. Extract the battery by gently unplugging the old battery.
4. Plug in and install a new battery.
5. Replace the back cover and tighten the captive screw in place.
As mentioned before, the content of the internal memory, which includes velocity and
zero calibration data along with saved thicknesses, will be preserved by the back-up battery. The total back-up time is around 5000 hours and every time the gage is left without
the main battery, part of this total time is deducted.
7.4
Optional Battery Pack
Non-rechargeable alkaline batteries are available as a factory installed option. The operating time for these batteries is about 2-3 times longer than NiCd batteries. However, primary batteries normally cannot be charged. Therefore the gage, equipped with alkaline
batteries, cannot use the charger-AC adapter and consequently cannot be operated from an
AC main line even if the alkaline batteries are removed or replaced by NiCd batteries.
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THEORY OF OPERATION
The Panametrics
Model 25 Ultrasonic Thickness Gage operates on the Pulse/Echo
principle. This principle works by precisely timing the reflection of high frequency sound
waves from the transducer to the far wall of a test piece. This technique, derived from
sonar, has been widely applied to nondestructive testing because it permits accurate measurement of material thickness even though access may be available from only one side.
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The Model 25 uses a variety of piezoelectric transducers that generate bursts of mechanical vibrations, or sound waves, when excited by short electrical pulses. The frequency of
these sound waves is far beyond the limit of human hearing; from one million to twenty
million cycles per second, versus a typical limit of less than twenty thousand cycles per
second for the human ear. Sound at these very high frequencies does not travel well
through air, so a coupling medium such as a drop of liquid (usually propylene glycol,
glycerin, water, or oil) is used between the transducer and the test piece.
The sound waves generated by the transducer are coupled into the test piece and reflected
back from the opposite side. The same transducer then receives the reflected sound waves
and converts them into electrical pulses. The gage amplifies the received signal, digitizes a
selected portion of the wavetrain, and then very precisely measures a time interval corresponding to one round trip of the sound waves in the test piece. This measurement is made
in one of three modes as described below. The gage, which has been calibrated to the
speed of sound in the test material, computes the thickness of the test material using the
relationship:
V ( t t0 )
x = --------------------2
where
x
V
t
t0
=
=
=
=
the thickness of the material

the velocity of sound in the material
the measured round-trip transit time of the pulse
the zero offset factor (to correct for transducer wearplate
delay, cable delay, and other fixed delays)
The Model 25 can employ any of three measurement modes to calculate pulse transit time.
The selection of the proper mode for a given application is dependent on a number of factors discussed in detail in Chapter 9Application Notes.
Mode 1 is utilized with contact transducers. In this mode, measurement is made from the
initial excitation pulse to the first returning echo from the backwall of the test piece. The
MTI marker indicates the Measured Time Interval.
Mode 2 is utilized with delay line and immersion transducers. In this mode, measurement
is made between an interface echo marking the time the sound wave enters the test piece
and the first backwall echo. The MTI marker indicates the Measured Time Interval.
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Mode 3 is also utilized with delay line and immersion transducers. In this mode, measurement is made between two successive backwall echoes that follow an interface echo. The
MTI Marker indicates the Measured Time Interval.
Battery
Power
Supply
ROM
RAM
LCD
Pulser
AGC
Amplifier
Detector
Control and Measure
Keyboard
Transducer
Charger
RS-232 Output
Figure 8.1: Model 25 Block Diagram

Figure 8-1 is a block diagram of the Model 25. The pulser, under the control of the microprocessor, provides a unidirectional broadband spike voltage impulse to a heavily damped
broadband ultrasonic transducer. The broadband ultrasonic pulse generated by the transducer is coupled to the test piece by means of liquid couplant. Echoes returning from the
back or inside surface of the test piece are received by the transducer and converted to
electrical signals, which in turn are fed to the receiver AGC amplifier. The microproces-
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sor-based control and timing logic circuits both synchronize the pulser and select the
appropriate echo signals that will be used for the time interval measurement.
If echoes are not detected during a given measurement period, the gage will shut down to
save power until a new measurement cycle is required. If echoes are detected, the timing
circuit will precisely measure an interval appropriate for the selected measurement mode,
and then repeat this process a number of times to obtain a stable, averaged reading. The
microprocessor then uses this time interval measurement, along with sound velocity and
zero offset information stored in the Random Access Memory (RAM), to calculate thickness. Finally, the thickness is shown on the Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) and updated at a
selected rate.
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APPLICATIONS NOTES
The Model 25 Ultrasonic Thickness Gage can be used in a variety of applications when
proper technique is employed. This section discusses advanced gage usability and measurement techniques to assist in challenging applications.
To take maximum advantage of the gages versatility, the user should be familiar with the
basic principles of ultrasonic nondestructive testing. There are several textbooks that discuss this subject in detail, as well as classroom training opportunities. Consult Panametrics-NDT for further information.
9.1
Measurement Mode
The Model 25 is capable of operating in three measurement modes, representing three

alternate ways of timing echoes. Mode selection is usually based on the requirements of a
particular application as described below:
Mode 1: Measurements are made between an excitation pulse and the first backwall echo from the test piece, using contact-type transducers. Mode 1 is a general
purpose test mode, and is normally recommended for use, unless one of the conditions described under Modes 2 or 3 is present.
Mode 2: Measurements are made between an interface echo representing the near
surface of the test piece and the first backwall echo, using delay line or immersion
transducers. Mode 2 is most often used for high-temperature measurements with
high-temperature delay line transducers; measurements on sharp concave or convex radiuses; in confined spaces with delay line or immersion transducers; and for
on-line measurement of moving material with immersion transducers.
Mode 3: Measurements are made between two successive backwall echoes, using
delay line or immersion transducers. This mode may be employed only when clean
multiple backwall echoes appear, which typically limits its use to materials of relatively low attenuation and high acoustic impedance such as fine-grained metals,
glass, and ceramics. Mode 3 typically offers the highest measurement accuracy
and the best minimum thickness resolution in a given application, at the expense of
penetration, and it is used when accuracy and/or resolution requirements cannot be
met in Mode 1 or Mode 2.
Ultrasonic thickness measurements utilizing contact transducers in Mode 1 are generally
the simplest to implement and may be used in the majority of applications. For most materials the contact method of measurement provides the highest coupling efficiency of ultrasound from the transducer into the test piece. Mode 1 contact measurements can generally
be used with the Model 25 when minimum material thickness does not fall below approximately 0.005" (0.12mm) of plastic or 0.010" (0.25mm) of metal, precision required is not
better than 0.0005" (12.5 microns), test material is at room temperature, and geometry per-
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mits contact coupling. Mode 2 and Mode 3 measurements with delay line and immersion
transducers are, as noted above, generally recommended when application requirements
preclude use of Mode 1.
9.2
Transducer Selection
The selection of the appropriate transducer for a given application is based on the range
and resolution of the thickness measurement required, the acoustic properties of the test
material, and part geometry. Choose the best mode by experimenting with test standards
representing the desired range of measurement. Generally, the highest frequency and
smallest diameter transducers that give acceptable results over the required range is recommended. Small diameter transducers are easily coupled to test material and permit the
thinnest couplant layer at a given contact pressure. Furthermore, higher frequency transducers produce echo signals of faster rise time and thereby enhance the precision of thickness measurements. On the other hand, the acoustic properties or surface condition of the
test material may require larger, low frequency transducers to overcome poor coupling or
signal losses due to scattering or attenuation.
The Model 25 is programmed with seven (7) different internal setups for use with a wide
variety of transducers. Five (5) additional custom setups may be created for special applications not measurable by any of the standard internal setups. In some applications, optimum performance will entail the use of more than one transducer. Table 6-1, in Section 63, lists some common transducers and typical measurement ranges. For further information on specific transducer recommendations, consult Panametrics-NDT.
Note: For best results, only recommended Panametrics-NDT transducers
should be used with the Model 25, insuring suitable electrical
impedance, bandwidth, sensitivity, and Main Bang recovery characteristics. While the gage may work with transducers from other
manufacturers, Panametrics-NDT cannot guarantee performance.
Additionally, transducers must be maintained in good condition.
Broken or cracked wearplates, worn delay lines, and thermal damage will all degrade performance and affect measurements.
9.3
Factors Affecting Performance and Accuracy
1. Calibration: The accuracy of any ultrasonic measurement is only as good as the

accuracy and care with which the gage has been calibrated. The Model 25 is
shipped from the factory with standard setups for a number of transducers and
applications. In some cases it will be desirable to optimize these setups for specific
measurement situations, as described in Section 3. In all cases, it is essential that
the velocity and zero calibrations, also described in Section 3, are performed
whenever the test material or transducer is changed. Periodic checks with samples
of known thickness are recommended to verify that the gage is operating properly.
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2. Surface Roughness of the Test Piece: The best measurement accuracy is

obtained when both the front and back surfaces of the test piece are smooth. If the
contact surface is rough, then the minimum thickness that can be measured will be
increased because of sound reverberating in the increased thickness of the couplant
layer. Additionally, if either test piece surface is rough it may cause distortion in
the returning echo due to the slightly different multiple sound paths seen by the
transducer, resulting in measurement inaccuracies.
3. Coupling Technique: In Mode 1 (contact transducer) measurements, the couplant
layer thickness is part of the measurement and is compensated by a portion of the
zero offset. If maximum accuracy is to be achieved, then the coupling technique
must be consistent. In order to accomplish consistent measurements, use a couplant of reasonably low viscosity; employ only enough couplant to achieve a reasonable reading; and apply the transducer with uniform pressure. A little practice
will show the degree of moderate to firm pressure that produces repeatable readings. In general, smaller diameter transducers require less coupling force to
squeeze out the excess couplant than larger diameter transducers.
In all modes, tilting the transducer distorts echoes and causes inaccurate readings,
as noted below.
4. Curvature of the Test Piece: A related issue to this section involves the alignment of the transducer with respect to the test piece. When measuring on curved
surfaces, it is important that the transducer be placed approximately on the centerline of the part and held as steadily to the surface as possible. In some cases a
spring-loaded V-block holder may be helpful for maintaining this alignment. In
general, as the radius of curvature decreases, the size of the transducer should be
reduced, and the more critical transducer alignment will become. For very small
radii, an immersion approach will be necessary. In some cases it may be useful to
observe the waveform display via the PC Scope option as an aid in maintaining
optimum alignment. Practice the best way to hold a transducer with the aid of a
waveform display.
On curved surfaces it is important to use only enough couplant to obtain a reading.
Excess couplant will form a fillet between the transducer and the test surface
where sound will reverberate and possibly create spurious signals that may trigger
false readings.
5. Taper or eccentricity: If the contact surface or back surface of the test piece is
tapered or eccentric with respect to the other, the return echo will be distorted due
to the variation in sound path across the width of the beam. Accuracy of measurement will be reduced. In severe cases no measurement will be possible.
6. Acoustic Properties of the Test Material: There are several conditions found in
certain engineering materials that can potentially limit the accuracy and range of
ultrasonic thickness measurements:
a. Sound Scattering: In materials such as cast stainless steel, cast iron, fiberglass,
and composites, sound energy will scatter from individual crystallites in the
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casting or boundaries of dissimilar materials within the fiberglass or composite. Porosity in any material can have the same effect. Gage sensitivity must be
adjusted to prevent detection of these spurious scatter echoes. This compensation can in turn limit the ability to discriminate a valid return echo from the
backside of the material, thereby restricting measurement range.
b. Sound Attenuation or Absorption: In many organic materials such as low density plastics and rubbers, sound energy is attenuated very rapidly at the frequencies used for ultrasonic gaging. This attenuation typically increases with
temperature. The maximum thickness that can be measured in these materials
will often be limited by attenuation.
c. Velocity Variations: An ultrasonic thickness measurement will be accurate
only to the degree that material sound velocity is consistent with gage calibration. Some materials exhibit significant variations in sound velocity from
point to point. This happens in certain cast metals due to the changes in grain
structure that result from varied cooling rates, and the anisotropy of sound
velocity with respect to grain structure. Fiberglass can show localized velocity variations due to changes in the resin/fiber ratio. Many plastics and rubbers show a rapid change in sound velocity with temperature, requiring that
velocity calibration be performed at the temperature where measurements are
made.
7. Phase Reversal or Phase Distortion: The phase or polarity of a returning echo is
determined by the relative acoustic impedances (density x velocity) of the boundary materials. The Model 25 assumes the customary situation where the test piece
is backed by air or a liquid, both of which have a lower acoustic impedance than
metals, ceramics, or plastics. However, in some specialized cases, such as measurement of glass or plastic liners over metal, or copper cladding over steel, this
impedance relationship is reversed and the echo appears phase reversed. In these
cases it is necessary to change the appropriate Echo Detection polarity as discussed in Section 3 in order to maintain accuracy.
A more complex situation can occur in anisotropic or in homogeneous materials
such as coarse-grain metal castings or certain composites, where material conditions result in the existence of multiple sound paths within the beam area. In these
cases phase distortion can create an echo that is neither cleanly positive nor negative. Careful experimentation with reference standards is necessary in these cases
to determine effects on measurement accuracy.
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9.4
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Couplants
A wide variety of couplants may be used in ultrasonic gaging. We have found that propylene glycol (Couplant A) is suitable for most applications. For a list of other suitable couplants, typical for thickness measurements, please refer to Table 9-1 below.
Table 9-1: Couplants
Couplant Type
Purpose
Description
Temperature
A Propylene Glycol
Smooth surfaces
General purpose
Non-corrosive
Washes off easily with water
Max. 200F
(90C)
B Glycerin
Rough surfaces;
Highly attenuating material
General purpose
Slightly viscous
High acoustic impedance
Max. 200F
(90C)
D Gel
Rough surfaces: sand-cast

metals, fiberglass lay-ups,
weld inspections, overhead surfaces, and vertical
walls
Slides across wide surfaces

Does not drip or run
Max. 200F
(90C)
Remains a stable liquid or

paste without boiling off
when used at intended temperatures
500 1000F
(260 540C)
Easy removal at high temperatures
32 540F
(0 280C)
Non-toxic
Biodegradable
0 600F
(-12 315C)
E-2 High Temp
F-2 Medium Temp

G-2 Medium Temp
Test material at elevated

temperatures
Note: For more information, refer to our Ultrasonic Transducer Catalog, or call your local Panametrics-NDT Representative.
9.5
High Temperature Measurements
Measurements at elevated temperatures (higher than approximately 125F or 50C) represent a special category. Standard contact transducers will be damaged or destroyed by
exposure to temperatures higher than this limit because of the varying thermal expansion
coefficients of the materials use to construct them, which will cause disbonding at elevated temperatures. Contact transducers should never be used on a surface that is too hot
to comfortably touch with bare fingers.
High temperature measurements with the Model 25 will always be done in Mode 2 or
Mode 3 with either a delay line transducer (using an appropriate high temperature delay
line) or an immersion transducer. Consult Panametrics-NDT for further information on
specific transducer selection.
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Sound velocity in all materials changes with temperature, normally increasing as the material gets colder and decreasing as it gets hotter, with abrupt changes at freezing or melting
points. This effect is much greater in plastics and rubber than it is in metals or ceramics.
For maximum accuracy, the gage sound velocity setting should be calibrated at the same
temperature where measurements will be made. Measurement of hot materials with a gage
set to room temperature sound velocity will often lead to significant error.
Finally, at temperatures greater than approximately 200F or 100C, special high temperature couplants are recommended. Refer to Table 9-1 or consult Panametrics-NDT for
details.
9.6
Cable Lengths
The Model 25 should normally be used with transducer cables no longer than approximately 3 feet or 1 meter. The maximum length of cable that can be used in a specific case
will depend on the type of transducer and minimum thickness to be measured. Generally,
very long cables are not recommended, except in certain specialized cases (usually involving low frequency transducers). Particular attention must be paid to the problems of electrically matching the transducer to the cable, accounting for attenuation of the signal in the
cable, and compensating for pulse transit time through the cable. Consult PanametricsNDT for further information.
9.7
Waveform Displays Via PC Scope
The PC Scope option for the Model 25 provides the ability to display ultrasonic waveforms and gage setup parameters (including gate locations) on a computer monitor. While
this option is not required for basic gage operation, the PC Scope can be very useful as an
aid in the following:
establishing custom transducer setups
verifying the validity of thickness readings when signals may be distorted due
to material acoustic properties
overcoming part geometry
coupling difficult conditions
operating near the minimum or maximum range for a given setup
Detailed information on the use of PC Scope is found in its accompanying manual.
9.8
Pulser/Receiver and Gating Adjustments
In addition to providing programmed standard transducer setups, the Model 25 permits

the user to create custom setups by changing a series of pulser/receiver and gating parameters. Custom setups are used when the measurement requirements of a particular application are not optimally met by one of the standard setups. In some cases, a Model 25
will be shipped from the factory pre-programmed with one or more custom setups to
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meet special customer requirements. In any case, users may wish to create custom setups
of their own.
The adjustments described in this section should be made only by a qualified technician
who is familiar with the basic theory of ultrasonic gaging and the interpretation of ultrasonic waveforms. Many of these adjustments are interactive, and all of them have an
effect on the measurement range and/or measurement accuracy of the Model 25. In most
cases adjustments should not be attempted without monitoring waveforms via the PC
Scope option. Additionally, when establishing a custom setup for a specific application, it
is essential to verify performance on reference standards representing the material(s) and
thickness range to be measured.
9.8.1 Pulser Power

Excitation pulse (Main Bang) voltage may be adjusted in three steps of 30, 60, and 110
Volts. Higher voltages may provide greater penetration at the expense of near surface resolution, especially in Mode 1, while lower voltages may provide better near surface resolution at the expense of penetration. For most applications the 110 Volt setting provides
the best signal-to-noise ratio for returning echoes.
9.8.2 Maximum Gain

Maximum available receiver gain may be adjusted from 0.0dB to 79.6dB. The Model 25
uses Automatic Gain Control (AGC) and Time Dependent Gain (TDG) functions to automatically adjust receiver gain to an optimum level when an echo is detected. When no
echo is being detected (LOS prompt), gain will rise to the maximum level set by Initial
Gain, Slope, and Maximum Gain. If maximum gain is set too high, the gage may hang up
on transducer noise or other spurious signals. If it is set too low, returning echoes may not
be boosted high enough for detection. In general, for a given application the Max Gain
should be set high enough that all echoes of interest are detected, but a steady LOS prompt
is displayed when the transducer is not coupled to a test piece.
9.8.3 Initial Gain

Initial Gain and TDG Slope are part of a Time Dependent Gain system that may be used to
optimize near-surface resolution while providing a higher maximum gain for thicker samples. Initial Gain may be adjusted from 0dB to the maximum defined by the Max Gain setting. This parameter sets an upper limit on receiver gain in the vicinity of the excitation
pulse (Mode 1) or interface echo (Modes 2 and 3). By effectively making the excitation
pulse or interface echo smaller, the TDG system permits detection of echoes occurring
close to pulse or echo in time.
The TDG system is also used in measurements of highly scattering materials, such as cast
metals and fiberglass, to minimize detection of scatter echoes occurring ahead of the backwall. From the initial gain level, receiver gain slopes up to the maximum gain level at the
rate determined by the TDG Slope setting. Initial Gain setting is most critical in applica-
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tions where minimum thickness measurement must be optimized, and should always be
set with the aid of a reference standard representing that minimum. In cases where minimum thickness capability is less important than penetration, and scatter echoes are not a
problem, Initial Gain may simply be set equal to Max Gain.
9.8.4 Main Bang Blank

The Main Bang Blank creates a blank or dead zone (up to 18 microseconds from the excitation pulse) where it is not possible to detect echoes. The blank is used to prevent detection of the trailing edge of the excitation pulse as if it were a backwall or interface echo. In
Modes 2 and 3, the setting of the Main Bang Blank is not critical; it merely needs to be set
at some point between the end of excitation pulse ringdown and the interface echo. In
Mode 1, however, the length of the Main Bang Blank determines the minimum thickness
that can be measured, and it must be positioned with care after selecting the Initial Gain
level. If the Main Bang Blank is too short, then the gage will hang up on the excitation
pulse and readings will not be possible. If the Main Bang Blank is too long, then the minimum measurable thickness will be unnecessarily restricted. In general, set the Main Bang
Blank just beyond the point where the gage hangs up, and test with the transducer both
coupled to and uncoupled from the test material to ensure accurate measurements.
9.8.5 Echo Window

The Echo Window is the time interval in each Main Bang period during which the gage is
enabled to detect Echoes. The Echo Window interval begins at the end of the Main Bang
Blank. The end of the Echo Window depends on the DtectMode and EchWindow parameters as shown in Table 9-2:
Table 9-2: Echo Window
DtectMode = 1
DtectMode = 2 or 3
Echo Window Starts:
At end of Main Bang Blank
At end of Main Blank
Echo Window Ends:
EchWindow xsec following

Main Bang
EchWindow xsec following

the detected interface Echo
Note: xsec where x is the parameter set by the user.
In Mode 1, the Echo Window may usually be set to any value greater than the round-trip
pulse transit time in the thickest or slowest piece of material to be measured. The exact
setting is not critical as long as it is long enough to include the farthest echo of interest. In
Modes 2 and 3, the Echo Window is limited to the time interval between successive interface echoes. The end of the Echo Window must be set ahead of the second interface echo
to prevent detection of that echo, which in turn will determine a maximum measurable
thickness for Mode 2 and Mode 3 setups. In applications involving Mode 2 and Mode 3
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immersion measurements, this condition must apply throughout the range of water paths
to be used.
9.8.6 Detect Mode

The Detect Mode function selects Mode 1, Mode 2, or Mode 3 measurements. See Table
9.2 for further explanation.
9.8.7 Echo 1 Detect, Echo 2 Detect

Echo 1 Detect and Echo 2 Detect select positive or negative polarity echo detection as
determined by application requirements. Selection is dependant on mode of measurement
and type of test material. Note that "positive" and "negative" polarity refer to processed
echoes displayed on the PC Scope.
Mode 1: In Mode 1 with contact transducers, Echo 1 is the backwall echo and
Echo 2 is not applicable. Echo 1 is normally negative. An exception occurs in measurement of a material of low acoustic impedance bonded to a material of high
impedance (such as plastic or rubber over metal), where the echo is phase-reversed
and positive detection for Echo 1 is appropriate.
Mode 2: In Mode 2 with delay line or immersion transducers, Echo 1 is the interface echo and echo 2 is the backwall echo. Echo 1 is normally positive for high
impedance materials such as metals and ceramics, and negative for low impedance
materials such as most plastics. Echo 2 is normally negative unless the backwall
echo represents the sort of low-to-high impedance boundary described above.
Mode 3: In Mode 3 measurements with delay line or immersion transducers, Echo
1 is the interface echo and Echo 2 represents the backwall echoes. Since Mode 3
generally involves measurement of high impedance materials, the general rule is to
set Echo 1 positive and Echo 2 negative. In some special cases involving difficult
geometries, phase distortion may cause the positive side of the backwall echoes to
be better defined than the negative side; in such cases set Echo 2 positive.
9.8.8 Interface Blank

Use Interface Blank in Modes 2 and 3 only. Interface Blank represents a blank or dead
zone up to 20 microseconds in length that follows the leading edge of the interface echo.
In Mode 2, the Interface Blank prevents detection of trailing lobes or cycles of the interface echo, which might otherwise be detected as backwall echoes, resulting in a hang-up
condition.
The Interface Blank should be set as short as possible to avoid unnecessarily restricting
minimum measurable thickness. The Initial Gain function will often help reduce interface
echo amplitude and permit use of a shorter interface blank. Check Interface Blank settings
with the transducer both coupled to and uncoupled from the test material.
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In Mode 3, the Interface Blank selects which pair of backwall echoes will be measured. In
most conditions, the Interface Blank would be set just short of the first backwall echo.
However, as a practical matter, the first backwall echo from thin materials is often distorted or lost in the interface ringdown, and with some challenging geometries (such as
tight radiuses) later pairs of backwall echoes may be cleaner than early ones. In these
cases the Interface Blank should be set to a length that insures detection of a clean and
well-defined pair of backwall echoes, even if they are not the first two.
9.8.9 Mode 3 Echo Blank

The function of Mode 3 Echo Blank in Mode 3 is analogous to that of Interface Blank in
Mode 2 or Main Bang Blank in Mode 1. This function creates a blank or dead zone up to
20 microseconds long following the leading edge of the first detected backwall echo, to
prevent detection of trailing lobes or cycles of that echo and the resulting gage hang-up.
Because Mode 3 Echo Blank limits minimum measurable thickness, set the controls as
short as possible, which seldom need to be longer than a few hundred nanoseconds. Special cases may be an exception where mode conversion effects on curved samples cause
significant spurious signals between legitimate echo peaks; in such cases set the Mode 3
Echo Blank as long as necessary to prevent detection of the spurious signals.
9.8.10 TDG Slope

The Time Dependent Gain (TDG) Slope function controls the rate receiver gain slopes up
from the Initial Gain level to the Max Gain level. The Slope may be set from 0.0 to 26.5dB
per microsecond. Generally, TDG Slope should be set as high as possible to reach maximum gain as quickly as possible without having the gage hang up on spurious signals.
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10 MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTING

10.1 Basic Maintenance
The Model 25 case is sealed to prevent environmental liquids and dust from entering the
gage. However, it is not completely waterproof. Therefore, the unit should never be
immersed in any fluid.
Use the rubber plug that comes with the unit to protect the I/O connector and charger connector from contamination, particularly in areas where airborne dust and aerosols are
present. Use the protective pouch to provide shock and scratch protection. The Model 25
case is designed to withstand rough usage in the field, however, the gage is an electronic
instrument, and it can be damaged if not handled with some care. In particular, observe the
following procedures:
Never press a key with a hard or sharp object.

When connecting cables to the gage, first align the connector with the mating
receptacle on the gage (the I/O connector contacts are up, and the charger halfmoon insert is up), then carefully insert the connector straight into the receptacle.
When removing cables from the gage, first grasp the connector (not the cable),
then gently pull out from the gage. Note that the tabs on the sides of the I/O
connector must be pressed while removing it.
Do not throw or drop the gage.
Clean the protective pouch, case, keypad, and display windows with a damp cloth and
mild detergent if necessary. Do not use strong solvents or abrasives.
10.2 Transducers
The ultrasonic transducers or probes used with the Model 25 are rugged devices that need
little care. They are not indestructible however, and attention to the following items will
result in the longest life span possible.
1. High temperature measurements should be made only with designated high temperature transducers. Surfaces hotter than approximately 125F/50C will damage
or destroy standard transducers through contact.
2. The cables can be damaged by cutting, pinching, or pulling. Care must be taken to
prevent mechanical abuse to the cables. Never leave a transducer where a heavy
object could be placed on the cable. Never remove a transducer from the gage by
pulling on the cablepull on the metal connector only. Never tie a knot in the
transducer cable.
3. Some transducer wear is normal, though excessive wear will limit transducer life.
Severe wear at the transducers tip degrades performance and measuring may
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become erratic or impossible. To minimize wear, do not scrape or drag the transducer across rough surfaces, and if using a delay line transducer, replace the plastic
delay line when worn.
10.3 Battery Care

See Section 7Battery.
10.4 Error Messages

During the gages operation, an error message prompt may occur. An E displayed in the
error box next to the battery life indicator signifies either a problem with the operating procedure, or possibly a physical problem with the gage itself. Press [2nd F], [ZERO] (Status)
for more information when E is displayed.
10.5 Battery and Charger Problems

If the gage does not turn on, or if it turns off immediately after activation, it is likely that
the battery is completely uncharged. Try to charge the battery for 10-15 minutes and then
turn on the gage with the charger plugged in.
a. If the gage starts to work, then the problem is most likely because of an
uncharged battery. Continue charging in accordance with Section 7.2.
b. If after attempting to recharge the battery per Section 7.2, the gage will only
run when the charger is connected, then try replacing the battery. Under normal use, the battery should last through several hundred discharge-charge
cycles.
c. If the gage does not turn on even with the charger connected, then the gage
itself or the charger requires service.
10.6 Measurement Problems

If in the process of measurement the gage gives unstable, erroneous readings, or no readings at all it can be due to the following reasons:
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The transducer being used does not match the application setup that has been
selected
The application setup being used is not appropriate for the actual application
The material velocity and/or zero are not calibrated
Insufficient couplant, especially on rough or curved surfaces
Insufficient amount of couplant between delay line and face of transducer in
delay line transducers
Bad transducer and/or RF cablesubstitute another transducer and/or cable
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10.7 Diagnostic Self Tests

The Model 25 gage has several built-in tests to aid in a localizing hardware problems and
to verify correct hardware operation. To call up these tests turn on the gage and press
[2ND F], [IN/MM] to enable access to the special (SP) modes. Use [ ] and [ ] arrows to
select SP-1 (Gage Tests) and press [ENTER]. Then use [ ] and [ ] arrows to select
desired test and press [ENTER].
10.7.1 Display Test

The Display Test checks the Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) and its driving circuitry.
Observe the pattern of right angle dark area periodically expanding and receding from/to
the upper left corner of the display. Verify that there are no illuminated pixels in the dark
part of the display and that there are no dark pixels in the illuminated part of the display.
To finish the Display Test press [ZERO].
10.7.2 Keyboard Test

The Keyboard Test checks each key on the keyboard and interface circuits.
1. Observe the keyboard template on the gage display.
2. Press each key in turn, except [ON/OFF], and verify that the corresponding square
on the display reverses brightness, i.e. exhibits light characters on the dark background.
3. If the beeper is on, each press will be followed by beep.
4. When the [ZERO] key is first pressed, the prompt ESC will appear.
5. When the [ZERO] key is pressed a second time, the keyboard test will quit and the
previous test select screen will be shown. The [ON/OFF] key turns the gage off.
10.7.3 Hardware Test

The Hardware Test shows the results of an internal test of certain components from the
Model 25 hardware. Displayed numbers should be within the ranges shown below:
DET_OFFSET1
DET_OFFSET2
SAMP_OFFSET
THRESHOLD
HS_COUNTER
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000025-000230
000025-000230
000025-000230
000025-000230
PASS
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Note: After completing any of the above tests, press [MEAS] to return to
the measurement mode.
10.8 Software Upgrades

The Model 25 operation is controlled by a software program stored in the reprogrammable
read only memory (ROM).
The operating program can easily be changed by the user. Simply connect the gage to a
personal computer, which allows Panametrics
to offer operating program revisions
on floppy disks. Such revisions may include small improvements, fixes to minor bugs, or
new major features.
Jkaq
Any ROM upgrade offered within one year of purchase will be free of charge. After that,
will perform the installation of any upgrade at the
standard rates apply. Panametrics
factory if requested. Certain options are also installable by way of ROM changes. See
Appendix VII or consult Panametrics
.
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10.9 Customer Service

Application, sales or problem-solving assistance is available directly from Panametrics
.
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10.10 Repair Service

Panametrics
will repair any Model 25 gage. In addition, some local Panametrics
dealers and agents are able to do repairs at customer sites or at their own facilities.
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10.11 Replacement Parts & Accessories

Replacement parts and accessories for the Model 25 are available from Panametrics
for more details.
Please contact Panametrics
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APPENDIX ISOUND VELOCITIES

The following is a tabulation of the ultrasonic velocity in a variety of common materials. It
is provided only as a guide. The actual velocity in these materials may vary significantly
due to a variety of causes such as composition, preferred crystallographic orientation,
porosity, and temperature. Therefore, for maximum accuracy, establish the sound velocity
in a given material by first testing a sample of the material.
Table I-1: Sound Velocities of Various Materials (Longitudinal Wave Velocity)
Material
V (in./uSec)
V(mm/uSec)
Ref
Alumina, Al203 99.5%
0.4013
10.19
Aluminum, rolled
0.2530
6.420
Aluminum, 6061T6
0.2510
6.383
Beryllium
0.5073
12.89
Brass, yellow 70 Cu, 30 Zn
0.1850
4.700
Brass, yellow 70 Cu, 30 Zn
0.1726
4.385
Copper, rolled
0.1972
5.010
Duraluminum, 17S
0.2487
6.320
Fused Silica
0.2349
5.968
Fused Silica
0.2335
5.932
Glass, crown
0.2008
5.100
Glass, flint
0.1567
3.980
Glass, pyrex
0.2220
5.640
Iron, Armco
0.2345
5.960
Lead, rolled
0.0771
1.960
Lucite
0.1055
2.680
Magnesium, drawn annealed
0.2270
5.770
Molybdenum
0.2470
6.250
Monel
0.2105
5.350
Nickel
0.2377
6.040
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Table I-1: Sound Velocities of Various Materials (Longitudinal Wave Velocity)

Material
V (in./uSec)
V(mm/uSec)
Ref
Nylon
0.1031
2.735
Polyethylene
0.0705
1.950
Polystyrene
0.0925
2.350
Silicone Rubber RTV
0.0373
0.948
Steel, low alloy
0.2259
5.734
Steel, mild
0.2346
5.960
Steel, 1% C
0.2339
5.940
Steel, 1% C, hardened
0.2305
5.854
Stainless Steel #347
0.2278
5.790
Titanium
0.2370
5.990
Tungsten, drawn
0.2129
5.410
Uranium
0.1330
3.370
Water
0.0590
1.498
Zinc, rolled
0.1657
4.210
Zinc, extruded
0.1756
4.460
References
D. L. Folds, Experimental Determination of Ultrasonic Wave Velocities in Plastics, Elastomers, and Syntactic Foam as a Function of Temperature, Naval Research and Development Laboratory, Panama City, Florida, 1971.
E. P. Papadakis, Panametrics - unpublished notes, 1972.
J. R. Fredericks, Ultrasonic Engineering, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1965.
W. P. Mason, Physical Acoustics and the Properties of Solids, D. Van Nostrand Co., New
York, 1958.
Handbook of Chemistry and Physics Chemical Rubber Co., Cleveland, Ohio, 1963.
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263.91nS
100.00S
-slope
N/A
N/A
Main Bang
Blank
Echo Window
Detect Mode
Echo 1 Detect
Echo 2 Detect
Interference
Blank
N/A
24.9db/S
TVG Slope
Mode 3
Echo Blank
34.0db
Init Gain
N/A
N/A
N/A
-slope
200.00S
388.92nS
8.0db/S
26.2db
52.1db
60.0db
228.62
Max Gain
297.62
Zero
0.2260in/S
110V
0.2260in/S
Material
Velocity
M112
DEFM112
Pulser Voltage 60V
M116
DEFM116
Probe Type
Setup
Name
N/A
N/A
N/A
-slope
200.00S
500.04nS
6.6db/S
26.2db
52.1db
110V
234.32
0.2260in/S
M110
DEFM110
N/A
N/A
N/A
-slope
200.00S
555.60nS
10.0db/S
5.9db
66.5db
110V
234.22
0.2260in/S
M109
DEFM109
DEFM106
N/A
N/A
N/A
-slope
200.00S
1.08S
10.0dbS
12.5db
60.0db
110V
252.34
0.2260in/S
M106
Table I-2: Default Transducer Setups
41.67nS
222.24nS
-slope
+slope
8.82S
9.00S
5.0db/S
43.7db
53.4db
110V
199.74
0.2260in/S
M202
DEF3M202
0nS
180.57nS
-slope
-slope
8.82S
9.00S
6.0db/S
40.0db
58.1db
110V
198.48
0.1000in/S
M202
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Setup
Name
Probe Type
Material
Velocity
Zero
Pulser
Voltage
Max Gain
Init Gain
TVG Slope
Main Bang
Blank
Echo
Window
Detect
Mode
Echo 1
Detect
Echo 2
Detect
Interference
Blank
Mode 3
Echo Blank
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56.2db
37.1db
20.0db/S
8.00S
8.00S
3
+slope
-slope
166.68nS
0nS
200.00S
-slope
N/A
N/A
N/A
0nS
166.68nS
-slope
-slope
8.00S
58.1db
44.0db
20.0db/S
8.00S
13.89nS
166.68nS
-slope
+slope
3.70S
60.0db
45.0db
26.5db/S
3.79S
0nS
69.45nS
-slope
-slope
3.50S
50.0db
36.2db
10.0db/S
3.79S
0nS
2.15uS
-slope
-slope
9.50S
52.5db
45.0db
6.0db/S
8.00S
194.92
110V
65.0db
9.0db
8.0db/S
277.80nS
199.02
110V
224.56
110V
199.72
110V
200.00
110V
DEFM1016
M1016
0.2260in/S
200.00
110V
Table I-3: Additional Common Transducer Setups

DEF3DEF2pDEF3DEF2pDEF2pV260
V260
M208
M208
M207
V260
V260
M208
M208
M207
0.2260in/S 0.1000in/S 0.2260in/S 0.1000in/S 0.1000in/S
0nS
333.36nS
-slope
-slope
9.50S
55.0db
36.2db
10.0db/S
8.00S
198.16
110V
DEF2pM206
M206
0.1000in/S
0nS
375.03nS
-slope
+slope
9.50S
55.0db
36.2db
10.0db/S
8.00S
198.16
110V
DEF2mM206
M206
02260in/S
PLNLMM
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APPENDIX IIPC SCOPE INTERFACE

Mechanical Description
The Input-Output (IO) connector is located on the top left of the Model 25 case. This connector is a six (6) position modular telephone style receptacle. The mating connector
should be inserted with the gold contacts up and pushed straight in until it snaps into place.
In order to withdraw the connector, squeeze the tabs on each side to release the latch, and
pull straight out. This connector is used to interface the R5 to the PC Scope interface box
and the Win 25DL Interface Program.
Panametrics
provides complete cables to directly connect the Model 25 to devices
with standard DB-25 male and female connectors and also the IBM PC-AT 9 male pin
serial I/O connector. The information in the following tables allow verification of compatibility with particular equipment and aid in constructing a custom cable if necessary.
Jkaq
Table II-1: Cable Compatibility

Model 25 I/O
Connector
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Wire
Color
Signal
Name
IBM PC-AT
Connector
STD DB25
Pin #
Foil/tinned
copper
Ground
Red
Data from Gage
Orange
Data to Gage
Yellow
Auxiliary +5V
Out
Green
DTR from
Gage
Blue
DSR to Gage
20
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APPENDIX IIIKEYBOARD FUNCTIONS

This section lists of all of the keystroke functions available on the Model 25. Functions are
listed in two groups: single keystroke keys, and two key functions requiring the use of the
[2nd F] key. The image below represents the keyboard layout on the gage.
Single Keystroke Functions

KEY
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COLOR
FUNCTION
GREEN
Turn the gage ON and OFF.
RED
1. Return to Measure mode when the gage is in Calibration, ID View, Setup and SP modes.
2. Reset key after SEND or PRINT commands if
they failed.
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BROWN
1. Select a highlighted function.

2. Save the setup at one of the USER locations
in the setup list.
GREEN/BLACK
1. Enter numeric values.

2. Scroll through menus.
3. Adjust LCD contrast.
4. Change the measurement rate.
GREEN/BLACK
Change values in the Setup mode.
BLUE
Initiate Calibration mode. Should be followed by

[VEL] or [ZERO] keys.
BLUE
1. Display the velocity setting.

2. Perform the velocity calibration with the
[CAL] key.
BLUE
1. Display the Zero setting.

2. Perform the Zero Calibration with the [CAL]
key.
YELLOW
Enables Alarm Measure mode and displays consequently (after each application) first low, then
high alarm setpoints. The third application turns
the Alarm Measure mode OFF.
YELLOW
Toggles between English and Metric units.
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PURPLE
Keystrokes Utilizing [2nd F]

KEY
COLOR
Activates secondary functions from other keys,

which are printed above the keys on the keypad.
The second function remains active for only one
keystroke. Repetitive pressing of the [2ND F]
key turns the second function ON and OFF. (See
Keystrokes Utilizing [2nd F] below.)
FUNCTION
PURPLE, YELLOW Enables Differential Measure mode and displays

the differential setpoint. Second application of
this function turns the Differential mode OFF.
PURPLE, BLUE
Shows an information screen with the following

data:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Application Setup Name

Software revision number
Transducer Type
Statistics
Error explanation if appropriate
Second press of function or [MEAS] key returns

the gage to the Measure mode.
PURPLE, BLUE
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Allows the user to change the measurement rate

by up and down arrows. The selected measurement rate is displayed in the message window.
To remove message from displays, press
[MEAS].
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PURPLE, BLUE
Changes the resolution of measurement.

There are three of them available for either
English or Metric units:
English
Metric
.0001"
.001mm .001"
.01mm
.01"
1mm
PURPLE, ORANGE Turns the backlight ON and OFF.
PURPLE, YELLOW Places the gage into Special mode. Allows

the user to select SP-1, SP-2, or SP-3. Press
the [MEAS] key to return to the Default
mode.
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jlabi=OR

Panametrics Thickness Gage 25 - Manual

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5.3.2 First Status Line........................................................................................ 38

9.6 Cable Lengths ..................................................................................................... 68

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The Panametrics-NDTTM Model 25 is a hand-held ultrasonic thickness gage. This precision

Thickness range: 0.003-20.000" (0.080-500mm), dependent on material and

SETUP AND CALIBRATION

Choosing a Default or User-Defined Setup

Save all changes made to Active Setups. Unsaved data will be

3.2.1 Velocity and Zero Calibration

3. Use the [ ] and [ ] keys to select CAL LOCK.

] keys to select ON.

3.2.2 Velocity Calibration Only

] keys to select ON.

3. Using the [ ] and [ ] keys, enter the desired velocity.

3.2.3 Zero Calibration Only

] keys to select ON.

3.3.1 Creating a Custom Setup

4. Press [ENTER] and the Detailed Setup Screen will be displayed:

Available keys field

Available keys field

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To view and/or change the Alarm Setpoint Values:

4. Press [MEAS] to return to the Measure mode.

Thickness Display Blank or Hold

] keys to change between Hold and Blank.

Allows the user to view and change a Differential

Differential Reference Value:

The units and resolution of the Differential Reference

Min Differential Measure Mode:

To view, set, or change the Differential Reference Value:

4. Press [MEAS] to return to the Measure mode.

Measurement Display Update Rate

Note: Averaging is used for the highest degree of accuracy/stability. A

Note: When high resolution measurements (.0001" or .001mm) are

Minimum Thickness Display

] keys to select MIN ON, and press [MEAS].

4.10 Maximum Thickness Display

] keys to select MAX ON, and press [MEAS].

4.11 Decimal Point

] keys to select either the period or comma.

5. Press the [MEAS] key to return to the Measure mode.

4.12 Measurement Reset

To perform the Measurement Reset:

4.13 Master Reset

4.14 Thickness Resolution

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SCREEN DISPLAY FORMATS

Normally, the display contrast requires no adjustment. However, at extreme temperatures,

5.3.1 Measured Thickness Value Area

5.3.2 First Status Line

5.3.3 Second Status Line

MEAS RATE = 2/SEC

5.3.4 Fourth Status Line

The Alarm Measure mode is enabled, (ALRM)

5.4.1 Calibration Thickness Value Area

5.4.2 First Status Line

5.4.3 Fourth Status Line

Application Setup Screens

5.5.1 Application Setup List

5.5.2 Setup Parameter List