Alcatel-Lucent Drive Test-1 Part-3 PDF

GSM Drive Test
Created by
Pulok Sinha ((Trainer,, ALUMS))
09320096525
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2009
Objectives
In this session following aspects will be covered:
Channel
Ch
l Concepts
C
t
Handover and Types
j Parameters in GSM Drive test
Major
GPRS/EDGE Introduction
GPRS/EDGE Measurement
Major GPRS/EDGE Parameter in Drive Test
General Windows of Drive Test Tool
Channel Concepts
Channel Concepts
GSM is based on Two technologies
FDMA
TDMA
TDMA
25 MHz
75 MHz
Channel Concepts
In FDMA
The frequency is further divided for multiple access
Is used in GSM to allocate carriers with a bandwidth of 200
kHz.
890 MHz
915 MHz
935 MHz
960 MHz
Channel Concepts
Basically these channels are pair of UL DL radio carrier and

are k
known as ARFCN (Absolute
(Ab l t Radio
R di Frequency
F
Channel
Ch
l
Number)
Channel Concepts
In 900 band, the range of ARFCN is 1124 and that of 1800 band is 512-885 respectively and there respective ULDL frequencies are as below:
BAND
900
1800
ARFCN
FREQUL
FREQDL
890.2
935.2
890.4
935.4
890.6
935.6
890.8
935.8
890+Nx0.2
[890+Nx0.2]+45
512
1710.2
1805.2
513
1710.4
1805.4
514
1710.6
1805.6
515
1710.8
1805.8
1710.2+(N512)x0.2
[1710.2+(N512)x0.2]+95
Channel Concepts
In TDMA
Each channel if further divided into 8 timeslots known as TDMA
Frame
And each of these timeslots are known as Physical Channel
Basically, there are two types of Multi-frames:

Control Channel Multi-frame (51 frame multi-frame)
Traffic Channel Multi-frame
Multi frame (26 frame multi-frame)
multi frame)
8
Channel Concepts
Channel Concepts
Logical Channels
10
Broadcast Channel
Frequency Correction Channel (FCCH)
Downlink Channel
BTS
BTS Transmits
T
it a frequency
f
(Pure
(P
sine
i wave off 67.7
67 7 KHz
KH
containing 0s)
This Solve 2 purpose :
9
9Make
k sure that
h this
h is BCCH Carrier
9To allow the MS to tunes to the frequency
Synchronization Channel (SCH)

Downlink Channels
Transmits TDMA Frame number + Base Station Identity
y Code
(BSIC= NCC + BCC )
MS decodes the BSIC if the chosen BTS is GSM Base station
and synchronizes
y
with it.
Broadcast Channel
Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH)
Downlink Channels
BCCH contains the detailed Network and cell specific
information such as :
Location Area Identity
Cell Identity
Frequency
q
y used by
y Cell and its Neighboring
g
g cells.
Paging Group
Max output power allowed in the cell
Common Control Channel

Paging Channel (PCH)
Downlink Channels
Broadcast
B
d
t the
th paging
i
message to
t indicate
i di t the
th Incoming
I
i
Calls or Incoming SMS. Paging message also includes the
MSs identity number IMSI/TMSI
Random Access Channel (RACH)

RACH is
i only
l Uplink
U li k Channel
Ch
l
When mobile is paged , it replies on RACH requesting a
signaling channel.
RACH can also
l used
d if the
h MS wants to make
k a contact the
h
NW/Originating calls
Common Control Channel

Access Grant Channel (AGCH)
Downlink
Do nlink channel
AGCH is answer to the RACH
NW assigns a signaling channel (SDCCH) to the MS. This
assignment
i
t is
i performed
f
d on the
th AGCH
Dedicated Control Channel

Stand Alone Dedicated Control Channel (SDCCH)
SDCCH is bi-directional Channel
y
Signaling
g
g
System
Call Setup
Authentication
Location Update
Assignment of Traffic channels and
Transmission of Short messages
Slow Associated Control Channel (SACCH)
SACCH iis bidirectional

bidi
i
l Channel
Ch
l
SACCH is associated with each SDCCH and TCH
MS sends the averaged measurement of its own BTS and
neighboring BTS
BTSs
s
MS receives information regarding information concerning
transmit power to use and instructions on Timing Advance
(TA).
Dedicated Control Channel

Fast Associated Control Channel (FACCH)
While Calls in progress and HO is required FACCH is used

g mode meaning
g that one 20ms
FACCH works in Stealing
segment of speech is exchanged for signaling information
necessary for the HO
Cell Broadcast Channel (CBCH)
CBCH is used in Downlink only

It is used to carry Short Message Service Cell Broadcast
(SMSCB) and uses the same physical channel as the SDCCH
Traffic Channel
Traffic channels are Bi-directional logical channel that transfer
the user speech or data.
Full Rate TCH ( TCH/F) :
This channel carries information at a gross rate at
22.8Kbit/s
Half Rate TCH (TCH/H) :
This Channel carried information at a gross rate at
/
11.4Kbit/s
Handover and Types
18
Handover and Types

Handover:
Handover is a process in GSM in which a call is transferred
from one traffic channel to another when user is moving.
y of a subscriber
It ensures the mobility
Handovers can be classified into following types
Intra Cell Handover
Inter Cell Intra BSC
Inter Cell Inter BSC
Inter Cell Inter MSC
Handover and Types

Intra Cell Handover:
I t cell
Intra
ll handovers
h d
are the
th handovers
h d
within
ithi the
th same site.
it
Inter Cell Intra BSC:
Is handover between two different cells within same BSC.

BSC
Inter Cell Inter BSC:
Is handover between two cell of different BSC
Inter Cell Inter MSC:
Is handover between two cells of different MSC
Major Parameters in GSM Drive Test
21

Received Signal Level RxLev :
It is the average received signal strength of the serving cell measured by
the mobile.
mobile The unit of RxLev is dBm.
dBm It Ranges from -30dBm
30dBm to -110dBm
110dBm
RxLev in dBm
Coverage
-30 to -65
INDOOR
-65 to -75
INCAR
-75 to -95
OUTDOOR
-95 to -110
POOR COVERAGE
RxLev (Full) RxLev (Full) is measured when DTX is not in Use

RxLev ((Sub)) If DTX-DL ((Discontinuous Transmission DL)) is used in the
network the SUB value is used.
22

Received Signal Quality RxQual:
It is the averaged received signal (speech) quality of the serving cell
measured on all time slot and subset of time slots.
slots
Range: 0 - 7, depending on Bit Error Rate (BER) as shown below:
RxQual
Bit Error Rate (BER)
Considered As
BER < 0.2%

0 2%
G d
Good
0.2% < BER < 0.4%
Good
0.4% < BER < 0.8%
Good
0.8% < BER < 1.6%
Good
1.6% < BER < 3.2%
Average
3.2% < BER < 6.4%
Average
6.4% < BER < 12.8%
Poor
12.8% < BER
Poor
RxQual & Corresponding BER
RxQual (Full) RxQual (Full) is measured when DTX is not in Use

R Q l (Sub)
RxQual
(S b) If DTX-DL
DTX DL (Discontinuous
(Di
ti
T
Transmission
i i
DL) is
i used
d in
i the
th
network the SUB value is used.
23

Discontinuous Transmission (DTX)
DTX is a technique that reduces emissions from the MS by only
transmitting when information is to be sent.
VAD (Voice Activity Detector), which detects the presence and absence of
speech
When DTX is on SID (Silent Descriptor) Frames are send.
Advantages
Saves Mobile battery power
Reduces uplink
p
interference
24

Full and Sub Measurement:
0
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
1SACCHPeriod=104TDMAFrames(480ms)
Measurementisdoneover100TDMAFrames(100TDMAFrame 4IdleFrames)
Si Si Si Si Si Si Si Si
Fullmeasurementisdoneover100TDMAFrames(100TDMAFrame 4IdleFrames)
Submeasurementisdoneover12TDMAFrames(8SID+4SACCHFrames)
T=TCH
25
S=SACCH
I=IDLE
N=NoSpeech
Si=SID

Bit Error Rate (BER)
(BER)::
Ratio of the number of bit errors to the total number of bits transmitted in
a given time interval.
interval BER is a measure for the voice quality in network.
network
Depending on BER RxQual is measured.
Frame Erasure Rate (FER)

(FER)::
Frame Erasure/Error Rate is a measure of the number of frames of data
that contained errors and could not be processed.
FER is usually expressed as a percentage.
26
FER
CONSIDERED AS
0% < FER < 4%
GOOD
5% < FER < 15%
DEGRADED
15% < FER
USELESS

Carrier to Interference C/I
C/I::
The carrier-over-interference ratio is the ratio between signal strength
level of the serving cell to that of undesired (interfering) signal
components.
Range : 0 35 dB
For Non
Non-Hopping
Hopping it should be greater than +12dB,
12dB, where as for Hopping
it should be greater than +9dB.
Carrier to Adjacent ratio C/A

C/A::
It is the ratio between the levels of the signal strength of the serving
frequency to that of the adjacent frequency. The value of C/A should be
greater than 3 dB.
C/A (dB) = Serving Signal Strength (dBm) Adjacent Signal Strength (dBm)
27

Timing Advance (TA)
(TA)::
Timing Advance represents the distance of MS from BTS.
BTS Timing Advance
(TA) ensures that the bursts from different mobile stations arrive at the
correct time, even if the distances between the various MSs and the BTS
are different.
Range 0 to 63.
1 TA 554 m
28

Frequency Hopping:
Defined as a sequential change of carrier frequency on the

radio link between the mobile and the base station.
Carrier frequency may be changed between each consecutive

TDMA frame.
Significance of Hopping:
29
Averages interference
Mi i i
Minimizes
effect
ff t off fading
f di
Basically are of two types:
Base Band Hopping
Synthesizer or RF Hopping

Synthesizer or RF Frequency Hopping:
30
In the synthesised frequency hopping all the TRXs except the

BCCH TRX change their frequency for every TDMA frame
according to the hopping sequence.
The max number of frequencies

q
to hop
p over is 64
For frequency hopping operability, following set of parameters

has been introduced:
Mobile
ob e Allocation
ocat o ((MA):
):
Hopping Sequence Number (HSN):
Mobile Allocation Index Offset (MAIO):
Mobile Allocation (MA)
Set of frequencies the mobile is allowed to hop over.
MA iis a subset
b t off all
ll th
the ffrequencies
i
Can contain maximum 64 frequencies
Hopping Sequence Number (HSN):
Are the algorithms that determines the hopping order used in the cell.
64 different HSNs are there ranging from 0 to 63
HSN = 0 provides a cyclic hopping sequence
HSN = 1 to 63 provide various pseudorandom hopping sequences.
Mobile Allocation Index Offset (MAIO):
31
It indicates from which freq. of given MA list hopping has to be started.
32
General Packet Radio Service GPRS:
GPRS:
General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is a mobile data service
available to users of GSM mobile phones.
phones
Often described as 2.5 G
Provide moderate speed of data up to 160Kbit/s (Theoretical)
33
Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE)
(EDGE)::
Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution is an enhancement
of a GSM network and is introduced on top
p of the General
Packet Radio Service
Often called as EGPRS (Enhanced GPRS) & described as
2.75 G
Theoretical Data speed is 3 times as that of GPRS i.e.
around
d 473 kbit/s
kbi /
34
Architecture Network Diagram
35
36
37
38
Data Performance Measurement
Measurement::
Application layer
layer::
The Measurement of Application Layer are made to quantify the
user Perception. The data is measured end to end.
At the GPRS Layer

Layer::
Data p
performance at the GPRS layers
y
is measured at the
LLC Layer and
RLC layer.
Performance at the GPRS layers can be measured only if a PDP
session is on.
39
Signal Quality & RF Measurement
Measurement::
This category
g y consists of p
physical
y
layer
y measurements and effects
data performance.
Mainly following fields are measured:
Coverage:
RF Coverage is essential to Network Performance
Interference:
f
A problem in existing GSM networks, interference also
goes hand-in-hand with limited spectrum availability.
Handover/Reselection:
In GPRS a handover is called a cell reselection. Throughput
may get affected due to improper reselection as well as
frequent reselection.
40
41

GPRS Attach and Detach
Detach::
GPRS Attach and GPRS Detach are mobility
y management
g
functions
to establish and to terminate a connection to the GPRS network.
PDP Context Activation & Deactivation

Deactivation::
42
The Packet Data Protocol (PDP) context functions are

network level functions, which are used to bind a MS to
various PDP addresses and after use to unbind the MS
from these addresses..
The PDP context activation & deactivation can be done by

the MS or by the network.

GPRS Mobility Management States (GMM State)
State)::
The IDLE State is when the MS is not connected.
The Standby State is when the MS is connected to the
GPRS Network
The Ready State is when the MS is ready to connect to the
external IP Network.
43

Routing Area:
The RA is a concept for tracing the MS location in GPRS/EDGE.
U d one SGSN,
Under
SGSN
Cell =< RA =< LA
However,
RAI = MCC + MNC + LAC + RAC
44

Coding Schemes
Schemes::
Different Coding Schemes in GPRS and EGPRS are used for
different radio environment.
GPRS has 4 different coding
g schemes in,, designated
g
CS-1
through CS-4.
EGPRS has 9 different coding Schemes, designated from MCS-1
through MCS-9.
Coding
Scheme
Bit
Protection
Relation between Coding Scheme, Bit Protection and Data speed.

45
Data
Speed

Coding Schemes Vs User Rate for GPRS and EGPRS
46

Throughputs
Throughput no.
no is number bytes transmitted per unit time
time.
Application throughput:
Application
li i
throughput
h
h
is
i number
b off bytes
b
in
i the
h IP packet
k
excluding the IP header received or transmitted during the
observation period.
Application-level measurements reflect the performance
experienced directly by the user.
47

LLC Throughput:
It is the number of bytes in the Information Field of each
LLC frame, received or transmitted during the observation
period.
LLCThroughputinkbit/secinGPRS
48
TimeSlots
CS1
CS2
CS3
CS4
12
14.4
20
16
24
28.8
40
24
36
43.2
60
32
48
57.6
80

RLC Throughput:
It is the number of first transmissions of RLC Data Blocks of
each coding scheme during the observation period.
This depicts the rate at which LLC layer can receive data
from and send data to RLC/MAC layer.
RLC Throughput in kbit/sec in GPRS
RLCThroughputinkbit/secinGPRS
49
TimeSlots
CS1
CS2
CS3
CS4
9.2
13.2
15.6
21.2
18 4
18.4
26 4
26.4
31 2
31.2
42 4
42.4
27.6
39.6
46.8
63.6
36.8
52.8
62.4
84.8
RLCThroughputinkbit/secinEGPRS
TimeSlots MCS1
50
MCS2
MCS3
MCS4
MCS5
MCS6
MCS7
MCS8
MCS9
8.8
11.2
14.8
17.6
22.4
29.6
44.8
54.4
59.2
17.6
22.4
29.6
35.2
44.8
59.2
89.6
108.8
118.4
26 4
26.4
33 6
33.6
44 4
44.4
52 8
52.8
67 2
67.2
88 8
88.8
134 4
134.4
163 2
163.2
177 6
177.6
35.2
44.8
59.2
70.4
89.6
118.4
179.2
217.6
236.8

Delay
One of the method termed as Round Trip Time (RTT) is use
to measure delay.
The RTT is the amount of time measured from the point at
which the last bit of the data packet leaves the application to
the point at which the last bit of the acknowledgement is
received.
PING commands can be used to measure the RTT at the
application layer.
51

Number of Timeslots:
The no. of timeslots assigned has a very Positive impact on the
th
throughput.
h t M
More th
the no. off Ti
Timeslots
l t more is
i the
th throughput.
th
h t
C/I by timeslot (PDCH):

Carrier over interference ratio is also directly impacts the
throughput
g p better the C/I
/ more is the output.
p
52
General windows of Drive Test Tool
53
General windows of Drive Test Tool

General Windows in Drive Test Tool:
Current
C
t Channel
Ch
l Parameter
P
t
Radio Parameter
Serving + Neighbors
GSM Hopping Channel
GPRS Status
EGPRS Status
PDP Context
Data Throughput
Data Session
54
Current Channel Parameter
55

Time:Itissystemtimeofcomputer.
Cellname: Itdisplaysthenameofthe
servingsector.Presentonlyifacellfileis
loaded.
CGI:: ItstandsfortheCellGlobalIdentity
CGI
It stands for the Cell Global Identity
whichisuniqueforeverysectorofthesite.
ItconsistsofMCC,MNC,LAC,CI.
MCC:MobileCountryCode0
MCC:
Mobile Country Code 0 999(e.g.
999 (e.g.
404),
MNC:MobileNetworkCode0 99(e.g.98)
LAC:LocationAreaCode0
LAC
: Location Area Code 0 65535
65535(e.g.
(e g
5101)
CI:CellIdentity0 65535(e.g.11001)
56

CellGPRSSupport:Tellssectorishaving
GPRS or not Values are Yes or No
GPRSornot.ValuesareYesorNo.
Band :IttellsinwhichFreq.Bandmobileis
operatinge.g.GSM900/1800.
BCCHARFCN:IttellsbywhichBCCHisthe
BCCH
ARFCN: It tells by which BCCH is the
mobilestationgettingserved.
TCHARFCN:OnwhichTrafficFreq.callis
going on.
goingon.
BSIC (BaseStationIdentityCode):Itis
combinationofNetworkColorCode(NCC)
(0 7)&BaseStationColorCode(BCC)(0
7).e.g.62.Itisdecodedbymobileonevery
Sync.ChannelMessage.
57

Mode:Itisshowsinwhichstateismobile
operating Idle Dedicated & Packet
operating,Idle,Dedicated&Packet.
Timeslot:Onwhichtimeslotofcurrent
TCHcallisgoingon.Viz.timeslotno.of
TRX.
ChannelType:Typeofchannelmobileis
gettingnow.LikeBCCH/SDCCH/8+
SACCH/C8orCBCH/TCH/F+FACCH/F
+SACCH/F.
+SACCH/F
ChannelMode :Showsmodeofcodinglike
SpeechFullRateofHalfRate.
Speech Codec: It shows FR for Full Rate HR
SpeechCodec:ItshowsFRforFullRate,HR
forHalfRate&EFRforEnhancedFullRate.
58

CipheringAlgorithm :Itshowsciphering
algorithm used by the system to protect
algorithmusedbythesystemtoprotect
dataforprivacy.E.g.CipherbyA5/2.
SubChannelNumber:Itisdisplayedata
timewhenmobileisondedicatedmodeat
ti
timeofcallsetupwhenitisgettingSDCCH
f ll t
h it i
tti SDCCH
atthattimeitshowswhichSDCCHitis
gettingoutof8available.E.g.2.
HoppingChannel:Itshowsthatcurrent
pp g
sectorishavinghoppingfeatureornot.
ValuesareYesorNo.
59

HoppingFrequencies :Itdisplaysno.of
freq on which mobile is allowed to hop viz
freq.onwhichmobileisallowedtohop.viz.
MAListforhoppingofthatsector.
MobileAllocationIndexOffset(MAIO):Itis
the number which tells from which freq. of
thenumberwhichtellsfromwhichfreq.of
givenMAlisthoppinghastobestarted.E.g.
0meanssectorwillstartfromfirstfreq.to
hop.
HoppingSequenceNumber(HSN):
Indicatessequenceinwhichfrequencies
areallowedtohopfromtheMAList.0 63.
0 for Cyclic Hopping 1 63random
0forCyclicHopping,1
63 random
hoppingsequences.
60
Radio Parameter
61
Radio Parameter
RxLev : Receiving level in terms of dBm that
g of
mobile is receivingg from the site. Range
35 dBm to 110dBm.
RxQual : Quality of voice which is measured
on basis of BER. Range of RxQual 0 7.
FER : Frame Erasure Rate it represents the
percentage of frames being dropped due to
high number of noncorrected bit errors in
the frame. It is indication of voice quality in
network.
BERActual :Ratioofthenumberofbit
errorstothetotalnumberofbits
transmittedinagiventimeinterval.Bit
errorrate,calculatedtakingDTXinto
l l d ki DTX i
account.
Range:0...26%
62
Radio Parameter
FER Actual: Frame erasure rate, calculated
taking DTX into account.
account
Range: 0 ... 100%
SQI: Speech Quality index (SQI) is another
measure of voice Quality. The computation
of SQI involves.
the bit error rate (BER)
the frame erasure rate (FER)
data on handover events
Speech codec is also involved
Range: 20....30
Radio Parameter
C/I :Thecarrieroverinterferenceratiois
the ratio between the signal strength of the
theratiobetweenthesignalstrengthofthe
currentservingcellandthesignalstrength
ofundesired(interfering)signal
components.Itshouldbe
greaterthan9dBforhopping
greaterthan12dBforBCCH
MSPowerControlLevel :Displays MS
transmit power level as ordered by
the base station.
Range: 0...31
64
Radio Parameter
DTX : Discontinuous transmission (DTX) is a
mechanism that reduces emissions from
the MS by only transmitting when
information is to be sent.
Saves Mobile battery
Reduce UL interference
Displays DTX Rate on downlink.
Calculated as:
(No. of Block not sent/total no of

blocks)*100
2 mandatory blocks are always sent using
DTX: 1 TCH (with SID information) and 1
SACCH
65
Radio Parameter
TA :Valuethatthebasestationcalculates
fromaccessburstsandsendstothemobile
station(MS)enablingtheMStoadvancethe
timingofitstransmissionstotheBSsoasto
compensateforpropagationdelay.
Range:0 63
RLTimeoutCounter(Cur) :Itshowscurrent
valueofRLT.Theradiolinkcounteris
expressedinSACCHblocks.
d i SACCH bl k
EachtimeASACCHframeisdecodedRLTis
Increasedby2andifnotdecodedRLTis
decreased by 1 When RLT=0 all connections
decreasedby1.WhenRLT=0,allconnections
arereleased.
Range:464inincrementof4
66
Radio Parameter
RLTimeoutCounter(MAX) :Thisparameter
define the maximum value of the radio link
definethemaximumvalueoftheradiolink
counterthathasbeendefinedforthe
servingcell.
MSBehaviorModified
MS
Behavior Modified :Thiswindowshows
: This window shows
currentsettingsforthemobilestation,for
instancewhetherhandoverisdisabledor
multibandreportingenabled.
Emptystring:Nomodificationofphonebehavior
B:Modificationofbehaviornotrelatedtochannel
selection
C: Modification of channel selection behavior
C:Modificationofchannelselectionbehavior
G:ModificationofGPRS
67
Serving + Neighbors
68
Serving + Neighbors
C1 & C2
MS uses C1 and C2 for cell

selection and reselection.
MS calculates C1 parameter for

each cell and campson to the
cell with the highest C1 value.
Further to reselect new cell, C1 values are compared with that of

neighbours.
C2 is
i also
l cellll reselection
l ti
parameter
t used
d in
i GSM phase2
h
2 with
ith more
features.
C2 can be use in two layer architecture.
69
Serving + Neighbors
C1 is given by
C1 = (Received Level Average rxLevAccessMin)
Max[(msTxPwrMaxCCH P),0]
Where,
P: Max RF Power of the Mobile.
Received Level Average: It is the average received signal of the MS.
rxLevAccessMin:
i This
hi parameter indicates
i di
the
h minimum
i i
l l off received
level
i d
signals required for the MS to access the system.
Range: 063 (110 dBm to 47 dBm)
msTxPwrMaxCCH: This parameter determines the maximum allowed output
power of the MS when it begins to access a cell and has not yet received
power control command.
Range: 0
031
31
70
Serving + Neighbors
C2 is given by
C2 = C1 + cellReselectOffset - temporaryOffset x H(penaltyTime-T),
whenpenaltyTime<640
or
C2 = C1 - cellReselectOffset ,
whenpenaltyTime=640
Where
H(x)=1 when T<=Penalty time &
H(x)=0 when T>= Penalty time
71
Serving + Neighbors
T,isatimerthatstartswhenacellislistedinthebestsixneighbour.Whenthe
cell is out of the six cell tables, T is reset
cellisoutofthesixcelltables,Tisreset
CellReselectoffsetdescribesanoffsettocellreselection.
Range:0...126dB
Temporaryoffsetdescribeshowmuchfieldstrengthcouldhavebeendropped
duringthispenaltytime.Thisparameterfunctionsonlybeforethepenalty
timeofcellreselectionexpires.
Range:0...70dB
PenaltyTime
Penalty
Time describesthetimedelaybeforethefinalcomparisonismade
describes the time delay before the final comparison is made
betweentwocells.
Range:0...640s
72
Serving + Neighbors
CaseStudy:
Letsforamicrocell,
TemporaryOffset=25dB
Cell Reselect Offset =20dB.
CellReselectOffset
= 20 dB
PenaltyTime =25sec.
LetsassumethatC1 =33forbothservingcellandthemicrocell.
Therefore two alternative cases are possible to camp on micro cell:
Thereforetwoalternativecasesarepossibletocamponmicrocell:
73
Duringtime0...24sec(withinthesetPenaltyTime):
C2=C1+CellReselectOffset TemporaryOffset*H(PenaltyTime T)
C2 =33+20 25*1
C2=33+2025*1
C2=28
=>C2<C1,soMSwillbekeptinmacrolayeri.e.targetcell(microcell)isNOT
attractive.
During time 25 (PenaltyTimeover):
Duringtime25...
(Penalty Time over):
C2=C1+CellReselectOffset TemporaryOffset*H(PenaltyTime T)
C2=33+2025*0
C2=53
=> C2 > C1 now target cell is very attractive and the idle mode MS will camp on the
=>C2>C1,nowtargetcellisveryattractiveandtheidlemodeMSwillcamponthe
microcell.
Serving + Neighbors
C31 and C32:
New cell reselection criteria C31 and C32 complement current GSM cell re
selection
l
criteria C1 and
d C2.
C31 is a GPRS signal

g
strength
g criterion for p
prioritised cell reselection. If
many cells satisfy C31, the cell with highest priority class is selected.
C32 is used to specify cell priority.

priority If more than one cell has the highest
priority in C31 or if no cell satisfies C31, the cell with highest C32 value is
selected.
74
GSM Hopping Channels
75
GSM Hopping Channels

GSM Hopping Channel
Indicates the RxLev and C/I of each

of the hopping frequencies used in
the
h MAL List
HoppingFrequencies
76
GPRS Status
77
GPRS Status
Number of TS Used: Indicates the number
of timeslot used
Range: 0 8
Coding Scheme: Modulation coding scheme
used
d in
i GPRS:
GPRS One
O off CS1
CS 1 ... CS4.
CS 4
Modulation: Indicates the Type
modulation used ((GMSK or 8PSK).
)
of
TFI: Temporary Block Flow Identifier use to

Identify Temporary Block Flow
R
Range:
0 31
78
GPRS Status
LLC Window Size: LLC retransmission buffer
size.
Range: 1 255
Cell GPRS Support: Indicates whether GPRS
supported/not supported in the cell.
Range: Yes / No
Cell EGPRS Support: EDGE supported/not
supported in the cell. This information is
available also to nonEDGE phones.
p
Range: Yes / No
Data mode: Indicates whether the data
transfer is performed over GPRS, EGPRS, or
circuitswitched.
i it it h d
RAC: Routing Area Code is indicated
79
GPRS Status
GMM State: Indicate the State of GMM
protocol: Idle, Ready, or Standby.
GRR State: Indicate State of GRR protocol:
Packet Idle or Packet Transfer.
TLLI: Temporary Logical Link Identity (TLLI).
(TLLI)
These identifiers are solely known between
the MS and the SGSN, and are used on the
radio interface to identify the called or
callingg MS.
Range: 0 (232 1)
80
GPRS Status
NC: Network Control Order (NC) indicates
p
Cell reselection behavior of phone.
One of NC0, NC1, NC2:
NC0:MSreselection,nomeasurement
reports
NC1:MSreselection,measurement
NC1: MS reselection measurement
reports
NC2:Networkreselection
NMO: Network Mode of Operation
p
((NMO))
indicates handling of paging in the network.
I: All paging on GPRS channels; Gs
signaling interface present
II: All paging on PCH; no Gs
III: All circuitswitched paging on PCH, all
packetswitched paging on PPCH; no Gs.
81
GPRS Status
PBCCH TS: Timeslot used for PBCCH/PCCCH,
if any.
CS1 to CS4 DL Usage [%]: These elements
contain the distribution of coding scheme
usage (on the downlink and for own data
only) for each timeslot.
Range: 0 100%
82
EGPRS Status
83
EGPRS Status
C Value: Normalized signal level received at
g
the MS ((normalization with runningg average
filter).
Range: 0 ... 63 GSM RxLev units
Link Quality Control UL: Indicates, whether
Link Adaptation (LA) or Incremental
Redundancy (IR) is used on the uplink.
EGPRS BEP [Mean]: Mean value of bit error
probability as reported in the Layer 3
message EGPRS Packet Downlink Ack/Nack.
Range: 0 31
EGPRS BEP [Variance]: Variance of bit error
probability as reported in the Layer 3
message EGPRS Packet Downlink Ack/Nack.
Range: 0 7.
84
PDP Context
85
PDP Context
Active PDP Context: Number of active PDP
Context
Range: 0 11
PDP NSAPI: Network service access point
identifier (NSAPI)
Range: 5 15
PDP LLC SAPI: LLC service access point
identifier (LLC SAPI).
Range: 3, 5, 9, 11
PDP Delay Class: Delay class as defined by
p
((Subscribed,, 1,, 2,, 3,, or 4).
)
subscription
PDP Reliability Class:
Reliability class as defined by subscription.
PDP Context
PDP Precedence Class: Precedence class as
p
Subscribed,, High,
g ,
defined byy subscription:
Normal, or Low priority.
PDP Peak Throughput: Peak throughput as
defined by subscription. 1256 kB/s.
PDP Mean Throughput: Mean throughput
(100 bytes/h50 MB/h).
PDP Radio Priority:
y Radio p
priorityy level as
defined by subscription.
PDP Access Point Name: Host name or
network address for each active PDP
context.
t t
PDP Address: User address
Data Throughput
88
Data Throughput
Application Throughput [Kbit/s]: Current
g p
for data received at the
throughput
application level.
Range: 0 ... 4000kbit/s
SNDCP
Throughput
[Kbit/s]:
throughput at SNDCP protocol level.
Data
LLC Throughput [Kbit/s]: Data throughput at

LLC protocoll level.
l l
RLC Throughput [Kbit/s]: Indicates the Data
th
throughput
h t att RLC protocol
t l level.
l l
Note: All the above throughputs are including
protocol headers,
headers but excluding retransmissions
89
Data Throughput
RLC Throughput [%]: Data throughput on
protocol level,, relative to
downlink at RLC p
theoretical maximum for current channel
setup (coding scheme, number of
timeslots).
Range: 0 ... 100%
SNDCP BLER [%]: Percentage of SNDCP data
blocks erroneously decoded.
Range: 0 ... 100%
LLC BLER [%]: Percentage of LLC data blocks
erroneously decoded on downlink.
Range: 0 ... 100%
RLC BLER [%]: Percentage of RLC data blocks
erroneously decoded on downlink.
Range: 0 ... 100%
90
Data Session
91
Data Session
Session Information: Description of the
current session in plain text, e.g. FTP DL:
www myserver com/temp/myfile txt
www.myserver.com/temp/myfile.txt
Session Duration: Time for which the
current session has been ongoing. Given in
hours,, minutes,, and seconds.
Session Application Bytes Sent or Received:
Number of bytes sent or received at the
application level during the current session.
Range: 0 ... 2 109 bytes
Session Application Mean throughput
[Kbit/s]
Mean throughput,
throughput calculated over the
whole of the current session, for data
received at the application level.
92
Questions
93

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GSM Drive Test

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All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2009

Basically these channels are pair of UL DL radio carrier and

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All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2009

Basically, there are two types of Multi-frames:

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Synchronization Channel (SCH)

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Common Control Channel

Random Access Channel (RACH)

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Common Control Channel

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Dedicated Control Channel

Slow Associated Control Channel (SACCH)

SACCH iis bidirectional

All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2009

Dedicated Control Channel

While Calls in progress and HO is required FACCH is used

Cell Broadcast Channel (CBCH)

CBCH is used in Downlink only

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All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2009

Handover and Types

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Handover and Types

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Handover and Types

Inter Cell Intra BSC:

Is handover between two different cells within same BSC.

Inter Cell Inter BSC:

Is handover between two cell of different BSC

Inter Cell Inter MSC:

Is handover between two cells of different MSC

All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2009

Major Parameters in GSM Drive Test

All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2009

Major Parameters in GSM Drive Test

RxLev (Full) RxLev (Full) is measured when DTX is not in Use

All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2009

Major Parameters in GSM Drive Test

Bit Error Rate (BER)

BER < 0.2%

0.2% < BER < 0.4%

0.4% < BER < 0.8%

0.8% < BER < 1.6%

1.6% < BER < 3.2%

3.2% < BER < 6.4%

6.4% < BER < 12.8%

12.8% < BER

RxQual & Corresponding BER

RxQual (Full) RxQual (Full) is measured when DTX is not in Use

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Major Parameters in GSM Drive Test

All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2009

Major Parameters in GSM Drive Test