-Dred Scott v.

Sanford-decision upheld property rights over human rights by

saying that Dred Scott a slave could not become a free man just because he had
traveled in free soil states with his master.
-Marbury v. Madison- After defeat in the 1800 election, President Adams
appointed many Federalists to the federal courts but James Madison, the new
secretary of state refused to deliver the commissions.
-Mapp v. Ohio-Admitting evidence gained by illegal searches was permitted before
Mapp. Cleveland police raised Dollree Mapps home without a warrant and found
obscene materials. She appealed her convictions, saying that the 4 th and the 14th
amendment protected her against improper police behavior.
-Brown v. Board of Education-A 10 year old Topeka girl, Linda Brown, was not
permitted to attend her neighborhood school because she was an African American.
The court heard arguments about whether segregation itself was a violation of the
Equal Protections Clause, and found that it was.
-Kovematsu v. U.S-The court upheld the military order in the light of the
circumstances presented by WW2. The court ruled however that racial antagonism
itself could never form a legitimate basis for the restrictions.
-Plessy v. Ferguson-Hernan Plessy argued that his right to equal protection of the
laws was violated. The court held that segregation was permitted if facilities were
equal. The court interpreted the 14th amendment as not intended to give negroes
social equality but only political and civil equality.
-court matial-A court composed of military personnel, for the trial of those accused
of violating military law
-Executive order-directive, rule or regulation ordered by a chief executive or
subordinates, based on constitutional or statutory authority
-writ of certinari-an order by a higher court directing a lower court to send up the
record in a given case for review
-Plaintif-the party who brings a suit or some other legal action against another in
court
-Majority-officially called the opinion of the court; announces the courts decision in
a case and sets out the reasoning upon which it is based
-Precedent-court decision that stands as an example to be followed in future
similar cases
-Miranda Rule-the constitutional rights which police must read to a suspect before
questioning can occur

-indissoluble-unable to be undone
-statute-law
-Sandra Day Connor-American jurist who was the first female member of the
supreme court, Nominated by Ronald Reagan
-Thurgood Marshall-nominated by Lyndon Johnson, Board of Education v. Brown,
an African American jurist on the supreme court
-John Roberts- Nominated by G.W Bush 17th current chief justice described as a
conservative judicial philosophy in his juris prudence
-John Marshall-nominated by John Adams, the longest serving chief justice in
supreme court history
-Louise Brandeis-nominated by Woodrow Wilson, an associate justice on the
supreme court. Graduated with 20 yrs. Highest grade average at Harvard Law
school
-Franklin Roosavelt-32nd president, only president elected to more than 2 terms
-Clarence Thomas- nominated by H.W Bush, the 2nd African American to serve on
the court
-Ruth Bader Ginsberg- nominated by Bill Clinton, associate justice, she is the 2 nd
female justice after Sandra Connor and the 1 st Jewish female justice
-Roger B. Taney-nominated by Andrew Jackson, was the 5 th chief justice, 1st roman
catholic to hold that office or sit in the supreme court. Most remembered for
delivering the decision in Dred Scott v. Sandford