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Wind power captures the natural wind in our atmosphere and converts it into mechanical energy
then electricity. People started using wind power centuries ago with windmills, which pumped water,
ground grain, and did other work. Today's wind turbine is a highly evolved version of a windmill.
Modern wind turbines harness wind's kinetic energy and convert it into electricity. Most wind turbines
have three blades and sit atop a steel tubular tower, and they range in size from 80-foot-tall turbines
that can power a single home to utility-scale turbines that are over 260 feet tall and power hundreds
of homes. Learn more about the history of wind energy.
Wind is a type of renewable energy, and there are three major types of wind power.
Utility-scale wind, wind turbines larger than 100 kilowatts are developed with
electricity delivered to the power grid and distributed to the end user by electric utilities or power
system operators;
Distributed or "small" wind, which uses turbines of 100 kilowatts or smaller to
Wind Turbines
Wind turbines, like aircraft propeller blades, turn in the moving air and power anelectric
generator that supplies an electric current. Simply stated, a wind turbine is the opposite of
a fan. Instead of using electricity to make wind, like a fan, wind turbines use wind to make
electricity. The wind turns the blades, which spin a shaft, which connects to a generator and
makes electricity.
Wind Turbine Types
Modern wind turbines fall into two basic groups; the horizontal-axis variety, like the
traditional farm windmills used for pumping water, and the vertical-axis design, like the
eggbeater-style Darrieus model, named after its French inventor. Most large modern wind
turbines are horizontal-axis turbines.
Turbine Components
Horizontal turbine components include:
blade or rotor, which converts the energy in the wind to rotational shaft energy;
Turbine Configurations
Wind turbines are often grouped together into a single wind power plant, also known as
a wind farm, and generate bulk electrical power. Electricity from these turbines is fed into a
utility grid and distributed to customers, just as with conventional power plants.
See Wind Energy Photos page for wind farm photographs.
Wind Turbine Size and Power Ratings
Wind turbines are available in a variety of sizes, and therefore power ratings. The largest
machine has blades that span more than the length of a football field, stands 20 building
stories high, and produces enough electricity to power 1,400 homes. A small home-sized
wind machine has rotors between 8 and 25 feet in diameter and stands upwards of 30 feet
and can supply the power needs of an all-electric home or small business. Utility-scale
turbines range in size from 50 to 750 kilowatts. Single small turbines, below 50 kilowatts,
are used for homes, telecommunications dishes, or water pumping.
See Wind Energy Photos page for wind turbine photographs.
Wind Turbines
Wind turbines, like aircraft propeller blades, turn in the moving air and power anelectric
generator that supplies an electric current. Simply stated, a wind turbine is the opposite of
a fan. Instead of using electricity to make wind, like a fan, wind turbines use wind to make
electricity. The wind turns the blades, which spin a shaft, which connects to a generator and
makes electricity.
Wind Turbine Types
Modern wind turbines fall into two basic groups; the horizontal-axis variety, like the
traditional farm windmills used for pumping water, and the vertical-axis design, like the
eggbeater-style Darrieus model, named after its French inventor. Most large modern wind
turbines are horizontal-axis turbines.
Turbine Components
Horizontal turbine components include:
blade or rotor, which converts the energy in the wind to rotational shaft energy;
Wind Turbine
Modern wind turbines fall into two basic groups: the horizontal-axis variety, as shown in the photo to the
far right, and the vertical-axis design, like the eggbeater-style Darrieus model pictured to the immediate
right, named after its French inventor. Horizontal-axis wind turbines typically either have two or three
blades. These three-bladed wind turbines are operated "upwind," with the blades facing into the wind.
Wind turbines can be built on land or offshore in large bodies of water like oceans and lakes. Though the
United States does not currently have any offshore wind turbines, the Department of Energy is funding
efforts that will make this technology available in U.S. waters.
Utility-scale turbines range in size from 100 kilowatts to as large as several megawatts. Larger wind
turbines are more cost effective and are grouped together into wind farms, which provide bulk power to
the electrical grid. In recent years, there has been an increase in large offshore wind installations in
order to harness the huge potential that wind energy offers off the coasts of the U.S.
Single small turbines, below 100 kilowatts, are used for homes, telecommunications dishes, or water
pumping. Small turbines are sometimes used in connection with diesel generators, batteries, and
photovoltaic systems. These systems are called hybrid wind systems and are typically used in remote,
off-grid locations, where a connection to the utility grid is not available.
Learn more about what the Wind Program is doing to support the deployment of small and mid-sized
turbines for homes, businesses, farms, and community wind projects.
power. This mechanical power can be used for specific tasks (such as grinding grain or pumping water) or
a generator can convert this mechanical power into electricity.
The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) leads a large network of researchers and other partners to deliver
innovative solar photovoltaic and concentrating solar power technologies that will make solar energy cost
competitive with traditional sources of energy.
From 1975 to 2008, more solar energy patents were linked to DOE than to any other organization in the
world. Since President Obama took office, the amount of solar power installed in the U.S. has increased
over thirteen fold from 1.2 gigawatts (GW) in 2008 to an estimated 15.9 GW today. Thats enough to
power the equivalent of 3.2 million average American homes.