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USNOL ltr,
1974

29 Aug 1974; USNOL ltr,

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"UCLASSIFIED

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..

Jy

.ri:'ed Services Technical Iform* on Igency

zCU.'ET ScER7ICE C, q
KNJOTT ElUILDING, DAYTO41, 2, OHIO

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~~~

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.
!/,,

....
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g.

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a"

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-,

.*~.

' .

.''
i$.s#

"

I8,
0,
#..
"
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..

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'

?TAVORiD REPORT ins~

.4

r
A

T~~1~T

T1~ !T~E

C.JX.LOSIVES

Ft).1-

-IJ

.7

'ASC01OiNT

AIN 0 LAST

SECU"Y INFORMATION

Ott
:"

.i

- ' :: . . ." ";

Report 2r53

WORD91

Ti-- EFc'CT OF
S. _Vr,.iL CASE ON T 'rm AIR BLAST
FROM HIGH EXPLOSIVES

Prepared
E.

by:

M. Fisher

Approved by:

ABSTRACT:

C. J. Aronson
Deputy Chief,
Explosion Effects Division

The formila developed by U. Fano of the Ballistic

Research Laboratories
hae been revised
new more
theoretical
reasolnso an t-by give
and experimental considerations
able predictions of the air blast from ,teel cased charges.

By the use of the 5rme experimental data which

available to Fano plus new data on bare chargci, it has was
been found
that tho ratios nf the effective bare charge weights of the
cased charges to the actual charge weight3 as calc4lated by
the original Fano formula were about two-thirds as large as
the proper experimental values.
Of the three revised formulae developed for finding bare

charge eq!!,vA.lent weight, W',

the ezpression which fits ex-

perimental data best Is

W'., I +U I

W'W
where
in the ratio of the bare charge equivalent weight
to the actual charge weight and M is the ease to charge
Sweight ratio; M' is equal to r for all weapons with a-metal

jof

weiWht to charge weight ratio lose than one.

For all values

grater than one use MI equal to one.

All the expressions devaloped correlate with positive im.-

pulse.
To obtain results that correlate with peak pressure
the right side of the above rormula is multiplied by 1.19.
Explosives
NAVAL Research
ORDNANCE Department
LABORATORY
White Oak, Maryland

SU.S.

CONPIMNTIAL

SECURITY INFORMATION

--

---

:,S'.-:

,,:

!,

'0 '"

.. -rI

*.

19 Februar-I 1953

NAVORD itaport 2753

jjp until recently a formula derived shorl1 after the war

to preLaboratori4S
liAlistic
of ihe
blast has been
Fanoeffect
by U. the
case on air
of the bomb Rea:arch
di-t
e
Falltsti
the
at
a epted. tiperiments conducted
Laboratories *nd this Laborato"-y have, within the pact
year, raitd
the question as to th1 A.ib!lt
y of for
for
bia't effeota Since
Fano formula s a means of prodicting
charges.
bare
un
measured
cased charSes from data
on bare
most cploi.lvos comparison work hos been donetVis
for.mula
of
failure
the
of
implications
charges, the

"

aTre extremwly important.

The work discribed in this report, although not

oatop.eted,

and
pres4ents rivised equations based on both experimental
moro casodoaonable
asteel
enable
which
weapons.
con~idarition=
from
pav~amteterz
theoretical
blait
air
of
Srodlotionz
This worrk was performed urdor NOL task Re2c-2l.
L I

The euthor wishes to acknowledSu the work of Yartha J.

?Mngeton aind Roy W. Huff for their holp In analysis and
eompatations.

EUIARD L. WOODYARD
Captain, USN
Comman.nder

By direction

CONFIDMTI'AL
SECURITY IIfORMATION

-.

--

INFORNIATION

-SECURITY

HV

CONFI"DENTIAL

NAVORD Re.,ort 2753

IL

page

Introduction

Derivatio;1
0.i
,with
PAo*Formula
and CoMrpar*Io
of Rles"Ib3
Epiiet.
.
.. on .

il

Derivation cf Ne
nula
of Resu.tc withE.iperinent

..

J,

Cotmparison or Equations for Finding the

Effective Bare Charge Weight of Steel

Figure 2.

Peak Preaszrn3 vs Reduced R.adial Distance

for Cast viT in Far Mulch PReion.
.
.
Peak Preoure vs Reduced Radial Distance
*
Prfor Cant TNhT in Far ;,.-ch Region.
Peak
Freaaure va Reduced Radial Distance
for Cast TNT in Par M.ach R-eion.
.
.
Pea~k rressure v* n-duced fladial. Distance
Cast TNT in Far '.'!ah Rcgion.
*

Weapons ....
Figure 1.
-

*i

4.

Figure 5.

I,'Lor

"7

PiFgure 1.

SCased

11

ComparisonZ

...

IILLUVi'RATIONS

: j

~i

.C.......u...

! i

II

IVu

Figre.

..

Rduced P031tive IL-puloe vs Re~uce4

flLTa.dial Disatnce far Cast VTInT i For
lIch Region...................
Figue T.Red=Ae Positive Ivfpulse vs Reduced
Distance
_, Radial
M,'ch
_
Region
.. for ...Cast TIM In..Far

1. 1~ach

Pigurv

1Fitu.

Reduced Pooiti.ve Impulse vs Reduced

9.

Reduced Positive Impulse vs Reduced

Radial
Di5tance
V.A,,. Region
.. for ..Cast TNT
..... In For

Peak Pressure Data from Steel Cased

*..
. *9
.

Positive Impulse Data from Steel

Cased TNT Weapons

..

12

13
.1

15

'

. 16

19

"

bTNTWeapons

Table 11

11

18

Region .
. ..
. . .4.4.17
Radial Distance for Cast TNT in Far
F

8.

Table I

10

CONT IDINTIAL
,,ECVRI 'Y INPORMATION

i.

.1......C

.. 6

IAL
N, I W

...

.,,

...... . .,

***tO*r

* fl~~1

MAT~O~

NAVOFRD Ropert 2753

M1 Z. F7!CT OF M~iSTMIL CIM 01; TE~E AIR BLAST

FAPOI HIGH EX'LOJrIES

I
*

1.

~a:,.i

oot",t rnseon them~ to

hzidlirg of tbha e--plosi%:e chz~r;-3 caa
vz7
Z~otr fra intaftl
Still hoc.w-imr casca
maed --`,.zn it ia

~hm

*I
4

~iwt,;O~1
orcti o

IRTHODUM.rIOM
:',
hi.
audn~
n cnsl
eir.
M~avlor
ti'i
~
o.dz:~i
r~cojw-.r7' th.,Lt tJM

tor. no L'ater
!vy
hv~E
.rA uitmri4 the case is
%A~da, th~s.)
oIZ4 %'."
010o
:apon preducets air blast. The
awiunt of this air' bleat ahould b3 I-.%o~n for the o
ua'iuut4n
of the value of tha wd;aoon Lai or.-4-,)rison vtiti ch~
of dir*rerent dmeAn P-d in t!-.'
of a w-aoe'?73 a ua
Iag~iit
a srp.*Oiflo tar7,t.
t)v2u-s

~~2.

it

is the purpose of this "port to rev'ise the

43 vilopjL

Feuo In ref-crne

(a)

on

~hbi:%
"
iof

v1

rw

ex.

oml hsbtndvlp4 4hzmino

41V0Fn
amI-,
of
thxlsion
3.

~.~

E~.ULTS WITH~~*

rodc

ac aOtekYoi n

SECUITYINFORMATION

40

01

CO TDoEhNTIAL
NAvoaZ Report 2753

" "

where E is the total k5nitic enery Per unit w"ight

C is the weight -3f chmrV or weizhit of gases prior
to rupture of c-ase
-ScihM' of metal oites per twit 1ongth of
M is the

c~lfl~~lc~end cha~ria

V i
16

the vclocy of fryx.Onts at tinee of rupture.

It

in asaeid that the didtributtifl of ths veioeities oZ the

uniform, being
of runtur- is- not
ThA4
&P.s M lDC-15 at th: tiz;a
san interface.
V at the =tal
zero in the

t'nd

.,r

i in j'roat Or Lhe /1 C712) jZ uctd to tske this aoeu;tion

(1) for, Zand substituting
Solvirig .t.ioT
into ccount.
E was about
fr-.nt Velocity cdk~u :%> V, 0ur'ney found that the
ratio of
80t of the total detoiLjt
the kinetic ena-" of tha

(1),
outnen,,jrW
tinGoia,3
See"Ykinctia
enery, o

king
t5 .on
j 2 to the total klnetia

tsI

be
fr.ction
tne to
fra,;~e~nt3
ooltei.
Into
-ano thu

of the total

(2)

C
belonging to the
kinetic ens-rgy
The fraction of the burat
is thus
has
case
the
after
1
Sl
-

I--

sismo

(3)

the fraction of
This was ,.ult:L.2ed, by 1.8 to account for the
case
and The
gasea
to
bal.rninS
cnerry
case.
the total detonation
the
of
rupture
of
at the tim-a
as kirtatic

ennry

in 'Cbi' SAses 31 potantial

20% of the total ener" remniri.
in the
alning
I spent
ener-:-u,
kinet3;.
of
P-mount
in '.he
th3
plus
rioctly
energy
robab.Ly
la
rupture
of
time
the
at
genses
:o:eution
4.

uf

the blast.

The equivalent bare oharge weight,

W1, relative

to tho

amount of explosive, W, in the cased chargu was &iVen as

w0
9

.8
+-

was
The above equation herein referred to as Pano's formulathe
checked roughly in reference (a) by showing that when
distanceu from all types of bombs are. reduced by the oube

2
CONFIDENTIAL
"SECURITY INFORMATION-

S-"l
_ - ..
40P

."-

Cry ?YZI'TIAL
NAVQ3;. )Vti...rt n753

~root of W1, their equivn'.ent bare chtrsa wieight, the data

f~l. p~-oi::23ly on a aiirglecuv

for peak prnsourc.

data
p1.
The : W13 !7rund to b4 tru-3 for pcLt~
V~o1aluc al well ad thO diIA-Wilce
when tj-j ro:!it!.va iz

~hs auti -root of1'ilaor~ne

tl-- r-ruc'd by

tvlith the

th ineativ: -.Ct.:t of 0fl3 ca~o N1th reapoct to an~other1

but fai1cd to nbhcw hoei W' o--'2Parxd Ath actual bare aharge
ita. T% vf:,-tiv* bare char~r~ tweihtn prodicttd by this
svqt:'nt17 ex~orimantally datermir-ed values.
ch~r: replac-eit 'zelue, W1, Tab~lesI
deiacribad in detail in
vUMS~
I~e by nohd
raf-Jvnn(a) . R.tiotly thioza involved thi acaling up of
frce nir bare char~e3 data for oaat TNT given
ethi
e~
b-y Kirlrood andc fL-.in!ley in refcr-ence (4) as coarraot,-d for
lctno by experimients! data obtained in the far
grc
F-3chi re--icn rfi~renoa (e). From a atudZ1- of the BRL cased
th.a of:4e~uve b~r

and I1,
Pvv

p4

c3 t~a iritio of "he ivei~ht of a char.-;ei in fret. air to the

I.htof a chnrge fired rnebr a reelcatinia surftce that will
r'ivt thi~r
air blast affeit (pt~.k preasre or po3csitive
2pl~
t a iven d1mti'nce.
fo.3l
can

nd ';he experin3nta1 work applying the scaling laws

tha fol"x
table:

st:*n i

1W

Ii

______

0.8
71(Peno roznaula)

1W
I
Experimental
work
and Scal4
n;, Laws

___________

I1&-11

Purpose

Bombs

The Fano equation

.3

____

1.09
1xb 0.9k

0.58

peak Pressure
Positive InpuQlse

09

Positive Impulce

0._________

(4)Is plotted in yig1.

SECURITY INFORWiTIQN

*;-

NAVORLReort 2753
tI
7.in the Nevn1 Ordnance
c)
experlmonft, r-efer~ncO

brOy~IO-UAOtn'
jis calu.acc(

to bo 0.31

hchI
0.91
prr'rS
for ponit~ve IinpuIse and 1.C)3 tor
ojii8ijhe6~10.1~~
,3,AO
~bl.ed
g,%)olo
e'Loae to Ceju1. of
(iota,
M1~,
rd~ola
p~ p-~Ju~-..ad CZ1C1
:;teel cn"e-Lrc
the
611c"'
t--nc',Bto
dm
rThls
II.
I en~d
for i{zc-1 is

ivapons8.

not fa~r dirii.rient froms TN~T lodOF RZSUlJs WITH ZXE111tN

- eo'v1ting In close
An equation was dev.eloped for
~ei"rzl aust1.ptie
by
ri~i.'nt
expa
sare;etwitn
the tiT- of rup8
thst nearly all tha eas aolecules
ttn
wi-tt%a
shall
cylindrical
a
In
travel
cr..e
the
ture of
~d aQG.PMile
7 eq~ual to the 1-r !r/"Ilt V&:-OcitzT.
equati.on
enargy
kinetic
tho
tion vaj T.At into e'quatn
becesoa
atthe tima or rupture

S.
*

11vel.o'-Ity

X .2

whic
yi-lde

waed7,h

bar

a W

MV+.8
chrg

toratak
yexpeivaente

cng

1.of:~r!S

ratta

0.50
+

II

*.V_

M ea

.2

n.

...

ikquition (6) in plotted on~ Fig. 1.

*9.

it

h&~s b~en not-iibien to re-naculate, S. in eq~uation (5)

Lvi.~o of' th i
"r .it fr.t--.rn;t~ t Ion d,.ta in-

by

~ W1.3city, V

Ii

Ii

C:'n;'-GO
to ci-00

Riti,

VS/o0.
C
,T n

38

~
3oi-lw, a .Prjlue for E, total k1*rvtic emr:y
~'~~ nts :.rAd exp1oalon producta at th~e t14.2 of rutura, of
Ut ~j9 :59 1tOr'VJ ;r -r.'3 or 53 por cent :X the tot-,IJ 2jtsnho

-. ::

If

-1-

t:1i-3

0.4

0?tc

Purpo~tj

.8

with Scnl.i--nta
Ln

ultei

(1o3U
1

0,81

Piercing_

In aqu~-

(7)

067eipna

Equntluat(7)n M)

1UO-

cant 13 uvo

0.93

___~

ArmoU

of 53 Pr-

+ 0.53

of ouation (7))

! 678

Wo053rek
anttscaling Law1

(10.9 M')-

0.07

Pi!

~~

01

rCOWTVIPENTAL
UAVORD Repo'rt 2753
Ol' is

Sis

equal to 1 for ell weeteons with a metal weight-to

values Of
For all
ch!-re 'welght ratio leas than ore.
For example, M'
ti3n one uue M' equal to one.
'tt
equnl to 0.23 for light CM.ed wean;os3and o-,e for ivemi
?'ultiply equation (8) by 1.19 to
ai-.or piercins weons.
This in eas*ence Implies that
for peak pres3ure.
ottain
the percentaie of detcnatlon er.vgy ccnvort,!d Into kinptic
ener=y is .i-ectly proportional to the percentaga of r.ctal
an ratio or one or Srdator,
hcavin
t-u. to a
Sw
The tzble below 3ho'1,s the 8grraement or aquu'ion (8) with
valoes obt3lned from e:,cri,#Pnt and the scaling laws.

SCthe

.~,

Work
Laws
Peak pressu~re

ll1.09

';03

,S
0.95

0.9O
0.91

Positive I:,nilse
Pilk FresaJ'te

0.$0

0.80

?o!,ltive

0.46

0.53

Paink Peseure

0.38

0.45

?illtive

pl.ercing

,crFs

~.Exporimzntal
and Scalniig
"~

' It
Ctized

Armor
I

I;'pulse

rMpulee

(3) 13 plotted on Fig. 1 ohowing the difference beS

Equation
tween it and the Feno cutation.

Pigur,'a 2, 3, 4, and 5 are plots of pe3k presaure vs

II.
reduoed iaodial diatrnce In t:hich the bomb data tabulated in
The source of
Tnble I l.a co-par-d with bore charge data.
in thin report.
this bomre charge Onta is mentioned earlier
by using the cube root of the
The bomb data has been zcled
effectiv-t bare charge weizht as calculatcd from the four
As can be seen from the
equations diacunsed in thin report.
Srnphs the bomb peak preas.4re data scales poorly for all
equations exce,,t eq,.ation (8) am modified by the factor 1.19
6, 7. 8, and 9 arv pluto or reFigures
pressure.
for
ve reduced radial distanc.e In which
Impulao
positive
ducedpeak
the bomb data tabulated in Table II are compared with experiThe bomb data has been scaled by use
mental bare charge data.
of the cube rvot of the effective bare charge weight as cclThe
culmted by the four equations discussed In this report.
-quationa exbomb positive lmpulae data scales well for all
cept the Fan eq*AtIon, Fig. 6 as san be neen fr-w the graph&.

"

CONFrIENTIAL
S3CURITY INFORMATION

p.o

CONFIDENTIAL
NAVORD aeport 2753
COtUT,USION3

rf,

12.
It is concluded thnt thn Cormulae developed fvom Vi.netic
ren,:r
e
tobt,,btions at the t!n-e of rupture correlate best
Thertfore to predict poaitive imwish i)o0uitivo i';guloe date.
Vuln4 r.;ult
th- new formulae devell'ed in this report can be
The ayperizantal data indicate that
ujcd without modification.
to prliuict peak prea3ure results the formulae uhould be multiplied by the factor 1.19.

13. The teble below nhc';o the form.nulze to U-e that be!t agree
with ox; rLvgnl work ard ooallng law results for predicting

Case Type

*Li1ht Case

*General Purpose

Positive Impuls

S:

Peak ;:cszura

Svrni Armor
Pier,
1-ng1

_____

.n

W17~#

l.

#W

08

S"
l

Refers to the ehar~e to total weipht ratio in the rtglons of

the present type weapons described by light eeoc, general purpose and semi arm.or pitraing.

ip
ui'

F,I

-'

1,
i7
"CONPIDENTIAL

SECURITY IDWORMATIOW

,-- -

S--'-

0."

NkVoiu FRoyort Z753

11d
*

U. FarO,

Gux'za.y, LXL Re~port -103.

1of 3
c
Air Bla--"portt 2-74
by
rstu,
wqrQjq Stc~a. Caz1(a jjc..L j~a
1rk.
Cjirov.k.
it.
A10)vrt
Gizoa;
r~t~v',r
ij::o~a3.ccria an~d I

Ce)imrvon
otJ~

-P

(d)

V*10n4IuAi

Lfzave Cur'roo

()NAVCAD Ri*ort 21n3

Air Uvi

jj~O~Orf
I

for Cuist T2NT;

1xjrkQ1O4 &M

Ezp-!rln3utmI Shook Wave

3. 1I ?ihr Co..-nta

SEMT INOIOTO

nf~to

.44
C0O4FIDENLIAL
*

NAVORD Report 2753

TABLE 1
PF~k Pressure Data From Steel Caaed TINT Weapons

Peak
2ressure

Distance

(PsI I

(rt)

c/l

2.9

U.oz

U:)Q

tj,3uu

ZQ.S

4,000 1b LC Bomb
!4,o0
lie Bomb
4,000 lb LC Bomb

3.15
6.23
3.09

300
211
Z=0

3362
3362
3362

40
-.
2,5
3230

1.02
1.27
0.06

6 Depth Charge

0.82
0.82
0.82

16.39
6.23
3.10

90
130

0.77
0.77

300
300

2,000 lb OP Bomb

2.04

204.8

o.64

1117

2,000 lb GP Bomb
2,000 lb a? Bomb
lb G? nomb
500 lb
OP Bomb
500 lb
lb O?
OP Bomb
Boub
00lGPBm

2.27
3.97
2.99

-42.8
165.o

0.64

1117
1117
558

A5
869
523

0.94

267

265
151

312

0.99
0.5T
1.17

1 .11

Weapon
Dtscription
1U.)Q
ILO
U

IC
'

50M
MLC

1K 6 Depth Charge
mK 6 Depth Charge
#imean

S1,000
I '500

3.05
1. 82
12.

163.8

M.?! 300

o.64

0.65

W'

WWe7

47
TA9
331
271

267
26T

1.iO
0.90
1.09
0.84

f.80
0.78

0.65
o.65
0.65

5.7

129.7
167.3
9.7
9.3

0.65

267

",0

3.23
2.02

76.3
97.9

0.65
0.65

55
55

543.7
Mean

2,000 lb SAP Bomb

2.18

166.2

0.36

556

262

O.A7

1,000 lb SAP -3omb

2.22

136.5

038

320

148

0.46

500 lb SAP Bomb

2.55

108.:4

0.38

161

105

0.65

Mean

0.53

100
Bonb
100 lb
lb n?
a? Bomb -

O0

Weight Bare Charge

of TNT Weight TNT

Note:

1.07
0.79
0.91

All
weapons fired slightly above groud to avoid
oratering.
C/, .'arge to weight ratio of cylinrioal section of weapon.
WO is calculated by scaling up bare charge data.
Peak Pressure values are averages of a nt,tber of trials.

I9

MMtIDEMTAL

~~SECUR ITY iNFORMATION

II

. . . .

. . .

. . ,

. . ..

..

.. . . . .

, ,,0

' i
CoNpiDE4TIAL
NAVOPD Report 2753

poait.$ve

TABLIZ1
Cased TNT Weapons
irapulse Data FrQ.'a Ste*,

positive
rmpulse
pO~i~.Ve

weapon

73.2
T

10,00,0 lb LW BoM

30
151.3

55.1
44,000 lb W) Bomb
1O.
4,(00 lb LO -omb
62..
lb IX onr00
SIB 119.7
a.9
it
C Blab

S4,C00

?MiC
6 Mptb Ch

-2.66
2,(0CO Ib OG ,utb g6.o5
59.62
2,,)00 lb G? Dorb
Ib G? liomb
l0

g,0

1,000 1b OP !omb
5:000
lb O?
m-.b

28.2
51'29.7

LC --b
lb OP
500 lb
OP?130mb
IOO Ib 0? Bomb

1"5.02
9,20.50

'

bMan B.

"2,000 Ib SAP Bomb

2,30 lb SAP B0umb
"
I

0.32
.382

0.
0.2282
0:82

7050

3362
3362
j362

0.77
0.77

3,62
300
300

2 04.8

0o 6 4

1117

79.5
120.0

0,64
0.64

1117
1117

149 .8
60.0
129.6

23.6*

Wh'e

-) --

~'~

Weaon

eigh t
ETHe

TTW
e7h Char~ge
t" pare
fT
o1e~isht

D'.Itance

165.b

0.65
0.65

0.92

60
3-60

0.12

3176e)
3180
3835
262
213

0.95
0.87
0.71
0.6

L68

558

39*

26%
168

2G7

65
o.65

2bT
267

16.05

59.7
129.7
76.%

o,65

55

20.12
11.93

163.2
297,2

0,36
.%56

556

232.

52.5
,

0.76
0.11
0.11

0.99
o.63
0.80
.6
0,41
0.45

or weapon.
to avoid craterinf;.
ol ~ 9rOunddilection
sht11
rslio ebove
tired
rwed~h
All weepons
Mote:
i HoelAl
weap-e'on
twao'
ecif
to weight ratio of cyllnr4~iOsl
ct~ar
eharge data.
CA(W
is calcultted by s5ain, up barc
i
of &
positive LqpqLlss Is an average

mmaber of trIals.

COerPFDFWrIAt,
4

~SICMUITY

INC1RNATION

......................................................

COI14FIDENTIAL
NAVORD REPORT 2753

rIG. I
COMPAPISON OF EQUATIONS FORl FINDING THE EFFECTIVE
BARE. CH1ARGE WEIGHT OF A STEEL CASED WEAPON

2-~

I,'1

I.

I+_
.AN

0.

V.0.2
II_

'CkY
itji
T
I-

2j.L.
~

1 T"'MTTAL

WEIGHT

WEIGHT

MEVALWEIGT

4MOcr~

SEMAURTY INFORMATIO14

ICHARGE

CONFIQcENTIAL

CONFIDENTIAL

NAVORD REPORT ZT53

FIG. 2
PEAK PRESSURE VS REDUCED RADiAL DISTANCE
FOR CAST TNT IN FAR MACH REGION
:7

W'FOR STEEL CASED WFAPONS

....

i:>DETERMINED

BY FANO EQUATION

x SA+P BOMBS
IO~
-

XP BARE CHG.OATA
REFLECTION GOEFFICIENT ul

_____

7--

. . . . . ..................

44

... ....

ui

:::

~i.JL

7 8-9 10a

~301

REDUCED RADIAL DISTANCE R/W

SECURITY
INFORMATION

LI

...

~.....~

2.

CONFIDENTIAL

40
(FT/LBO)

50

ii

CONFIDENTIAL
NAVORD REPORT 2753
A1

FIG. 3
REDUCED RADIAL DISTANCE
VS
PEAK PRESSURE
FOR CAST TNT IN FAR MACH REGION

~'

20

LL

W1 FOR STEEL CASED

~WEAPONS DETERMINED
FROM THE FOLLOW114G
EQUATION'
wax.

OFICE~

7*'
ftt.1'1.IN
ix

..

..

Itn

a9120

30

01)050

FI.
4

~PEAK PRESSURE VS REDUCED RADIAL DISTANCE

FOR CAST TNT IN FAR MACH REGION

11III

c-TW'FOR

STEEL CASED
WEAPONS LOETERAINED
BY' TME FyiLLOWING

A
.

EQUATION'

-:0.47+

-I+

~...

~X

0 L.C.

8CM8

G.P.

BOMOq

S.A.P. 90101

IEX P.

BARE CHARGE DATA

0.6t

S6

2ECURITY
INFORMATION

7689 1020
3
40
REDUCED RRaDIAL DISTANCE R/W'l/3 (FT/gIto3J

14
GONFIOEN'rAL

CONFIDENTIAL

NAVORO REPORT 2753

FIG. 5
PEAK PRESSURE VS REDUCED0 RADIAL DISTANCE
CAST TNT IN FAR MACH REGION

4FOR

20.

ii

Wl FOR STEEL CASED

WEAPONS DETERMINEO
fQJATiON'

'I

0 L.C. BOMS

I~

7j+G.F

.A.F? BOMB3

IX

1'1-.-

-7.--.

BOM
BARE CHARGE DATA

-7'

11I
LzI
2.............

78a910

20

'/130

REDUCEDO RADIAL DISTANCE Rtw'

SECURITY
INFORMATION

1
CONFI')ENTIAL

3(FT/lb

1340

50

FEOUCED POSITIVE IMPULSE V$ REDUJCED RAD:AL DISTANCE

FOR CASFT T.NT I.N1A MACH REGION

.177-7
L

90.YFOR STEEL CASED WEAPONS

7-.

OETERMINED ZOM FANO

'oZ
.

I:EQUATIO.N

0-L(; BOMS

+-GP 80MB

w.;.

).........EXP. BARE C-;!='G

DATA
REFLEcrioN ZZ)=EFF!CIENT*1.8

SEURT

, ;0RMTA~wwow,%&

CV'.-I0ENTIAL

.-

0*

~NAVOiRD REPORT

2753

FIG. 7
REDUCED POSITIVE !MPULSE VS REDUCED RADIAL
DISTANCE FOR CAST. TN"T !N FAR MACH REGION

A7K1 TI 77

oFOR sTEEL CASED

WEAPONS DETER-MNED
.OLO0N

SYTHE

iI

~EXP-

D3ARE CHARGE DATA

LI

'

UZ I+

....
.....
z ._

30

6789 0

REDUCED RADIAL DISTNcc R/wl 13 FT/IlLY5

SECURITY7
INFORMATION*

FwgL--~j
- ..

40

10

11

NAVORD REPORT 2?53

FIG. 8
REDUCED POSJTIVE i..,tPULSE VS REDUCED RAMiAL DISTAN~CE
FOR CAST TNT IN FAR MACH REGION
F!

~DETERMINEo rROM

FOLLOW'10 I(;

LCG'BOMB
X SAP Some

II

REFLECTION COEFFICIENr,..e
-7

0.1

II-T

IREDUCED
I
SECURITY

INFORM ATIO0N

RADIAL DISTAHCE RjWII#3FT/,133)

SE~T j !IFORMATION
~RT 253

FIG. 9
REOUCE:0 rO$'"-71E 1:0PULSE vqs REDOUCED IHADIAL DISTANCE

1'()

CAST ToTIN FAR~ MACH REGION

F7':ThW'FOR
JSTEEL CASM. WEAPONS3
DETEMINED FR~OM FOLLOWING

.:v7

1-

~~~EQUATIOttIMA-~

*77-

Ii

u ?-J

.-

Ii

k44
SECILRI1
REDCE

INFRMAIO

RAIA
__TN-

fW

/6.

r-

INFORMATION
1

N.A.,,On

Report t:753

SDISuTRIBUTION

AD

Copies

or Ordnancee (Rego)

'-Chip?,e

-urea
Chief,

1.

Bureau of Aeronautics

Of Medicine and Surzpry

,eau
Bureau cf Shipts
,Ch%f, burdnu of yards and Docks

SChie~f,,

SJ.Chief,

2
2
2

of Nava! Research

;"Chief

"C"hief of

Ordnance, Department of the Army,

SWashington, D.C.

I
4

Ccmanding General, Air Materiel Cornand, Wright

comnunder, Na'val Ordnance Teat Station, Inyokern,

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S,

. .Proving

Patterson Field,

Air Force Base,

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Director, Balliatic Research Laboratories,

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1 [1
' I

'I

Aberdeen

DireCtor, Naval Researclh Laboratory, W*eh.tn,

r.om-ee Special Weapons Project,
Chiof,

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iJC.
r,-

1B684

~App--:ed Physics Laboratory, Johns Foplcir~s Univecl'sty

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Californla, via Arned Forces Special Wenpona Project,

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ATTN:

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