Accepted Manuscript

Bending, buckling and free vibration analysis of size-dependent functionally graded

circular/annular microplates based on the modified strain gradient elasticity theory
R. Ansari, R. Gholami, M. Faghih Shojaei, V. Mohammadi, S. Sahmani
PII:

S0997-7538(14)00110-7

DOI:

10.1016/j.euromechsol.2014.07.014

Reference:

EJMSOL 3100

To appear in:

European Journal of Mechanics / A Solids

Received Date: 10 January 2014

Revised Date:

17 May 2014

Accepted Date: 30 July 2014

Please cite this article as: Ansari, R., Gholami, R., Shojaei, M.F., Mohammadi, V., Sahmani, S.,
Bending, buckling and free vibration analysis of size-dependent functionally graded circular/annular
microplates based on the modified strain gradient elasticity theory, European Journal of Mechanics / A
Solids (2014), doi: 10.1016/j.euromechsol.2014.07.014.
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ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

Bending, buckling and free vibration analysis of size-dependent functionally

graded circular/annular microplates based on the modified strain gradient elasticity
theory

a
b

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R. Ansaria, R. Gholami*,b, M. Faghih Shojaeia, V. Mohammadia, S. Sahmania

Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Guilan, P.O. Box 3756, Rasht, Iran

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 1616, Lahijan, Iran

Abstract

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A Mindlin microplate model based on the modified strain gradient elasticity theory is developed to
predict axisymmetric bending, buckling, and free vibration characteristics of circular/annular microplates

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made of functionally graded materials (FGMs). The material properties of functionally graded (FG)
microplates are assumed to vary in the thickness direction. In the present non-classical plate model, the
size effects are captured through using three higher-order material constants. By using Hamiltons
principle, the higher-order equations of motion and related boundary conditions are derived. Afterward,
the generalized differential quadrature (GDQ) method is employed to discretize the governing differential
equations along with various types of edge supports. Selected numerical results are given to indicate the
influences of dimensionless length scale parameter, material index and radius-to-thickness ratio on the

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deflection, critical buckling load and natural frequency of FG circular/annular microplates.

Keywords: Circular/Annular microplates; Functionally graded materials; Bending; Buckling; Free

1. Introduction

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vibration; Modified strain gradient theory; Size effect.

AC
C

The use of structures that are made of functionally graded materials (FGMs) is increasing due to the
smooth variation of mechanical properties along some preferred direction which leads to continuous
stress distribution in these structures. Recently, FGMs have been concerned for their applications in
micro-structures such as micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) and atomic force microscopes [1-4]
to achieve high sensitivity and desired performance.
The dependency of deformation behavior on the size effects has been experimentally observed in the
micro-bending test of the microbeams [5-7]. Therefore, it is essential to consider small scale effects in the
*

Corresponding author. Tel. /fax: +98 1412222906.

E-mail address: gholami_r@liau.ac.ir (R. Gholami).

ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

analysis of the behavior of functionally graded (FG) microbeams. Conventional continuum mechanics
fails to predict the size-dependent response of the structures at micro- and nano-scale due to lacking
intrinsic length scales. In recent years, several higher-order elasticity theories have been introduced to
develop size-dependent continuum models [8-13].

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By reformulating and extending the Mindlins theory, Fleck and Hutchinson [14] developed new type
of continuum theory namely as strain gradient theory in which the second-order deformation tensor
separated into the stretch gradient tensor and rotation gradient tensor which leads to additional higherorder stress components compared to the couple stress theory. After that, Lam et al. [15] introduced
modified strain gradient theory (MSGT) with three material length scale parameters relevant to dilatation

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gradient, deviatoric gradient and symmetric rotation gradient tensors. Several size-dependent beam and
plate models have been developed based on the MSGT to capture the size effects in the micro-scale

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structures [16-25]. For example, Kong et al. [16] investigated the static and dynamic responses of EulerBernoulli micro-beams using MSGT. They studied the effect of thickness to the material length scale
parameter ratio of the micro-beams on their static deformation and vibrational behavior. Wang et al. [17]
presented Timoshenko microbeams formulations based on the MSGT.

Another type of the higher-order continuum theories is the couple stress theory elaborated by Mindlin
and Tiersten [26] and Koiter [27] in which four material length scale parameters (two classical and two
additional) are used to incorporate micro-structure related size effect. Various researches have been

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carried out in which size-dependent continuum models are developed based on couple stress theory [2835]. Yang et al. [36] first proposed the modified couple stress theory (MCST) in which the constitutive
equations contain only one additional material length scale parameter which causes to create symmetric
couple stress tensor and to use it more easily. This property has attracted some researchers to derive the

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size-dependent governing equations and corresponding boundary conditions for the microbeams and
microplates [37-44]. For instance, utilizing the MCST, Asghari et al [37-38] proposed the size-dependent
beam models based on the Timoshenko and Euler-Bernoulli theories and investigated the static and

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vibration behavior of FG microbeams. Furthermore, Ke et al. [39] developed a Mindlin microplate model
based on the MCST for the free vibration analysis of microplates.
In the present work, the bending, buckling and free vibration responses of FG circular/annular
microplates are studied based on the modified strain gradient elasticity theory and Mindlin plate theory.
The developed non-classical Mindlin plate model contains three material length scale parameters which
has the capability to interpret the size effects. To analyze the bending, buckling, and free vibration
characteristics of FG microplates, the generalized differential quadrature (GDQ) method is utilized to
discretize the governing differential equations along with different boundary conditions. The influences of
material index, dimensionless length scale parameter and radius-to-thickness ratio on the deflection,
2

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critical axial buckling loads and natural frequencies of FG circular/annular microplates are discussed in
detail. Furthermore, a comparison is made between the various plate models on the basis of the classical
theory (CT), MCST and MSGT.

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2. Formulation of size-dependent equations of motion and corresponding boundary conditions

As it can be seen in Figure 1, an annular microplate composed of functionally graded materials through
the thickness with the inner radius a, outer radius b and thickness h is considered.

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2.1. Functionally graded materials

The FG microplate is supposed to be made of ceramic and metal in a way that the materials at bottom
surface

(z

= h 2 ) and top surface ( z = h 2 ) are metal-rich and ceramic-rich, respectively. The

as

E ( z ) = ( E c E m )V f ( z ) + E m ,

( z ) = ( c m )V f ( z ) + m ,

(1a)
(1b)
(1c)

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( z ) = ( c m )V f ( z ) + m .

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effective Youngs modulus ( E ) , Poissons ratio ( ) and density ( ) of the FG microplate can be defined

the subscripts c and m are ceramic and metal phases, respectively. By defining k as the power-low index,
the volume fraction of the constituents V f ( z ) can be defined by a simple power low function as follows
[45]
k

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1 z
V f (z ) = + .
2 h

AC
C

(2)

2.2. Modified strain gradient theory

The governing equations of motion and corresponding boundary conditions are obtained based on the
first-order shear deformation plate theory and MSGT by implementing the Hamiltons principle. The
principle can be presented in analytical form as
t2

( T S +W ext ) dt = 0,

(3)

t1

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where T , S and W

ext

denote the kinetic energy, the total strain energy and the work done by external

forces, respectively.
Based on the MSGT presented by Lam et al. [15], the strain energy in a continuum made of a linear

S =

1
ij ij + p i i + ijk(1)ijk(1) + m ijs ijs dV
2 V

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elastic material occupying region V undergoing infinitesimal deformations is stated as

(4)

where the components of the strain tensor ij , dilatation gradient tensor i , deviatoric stretch gradient

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(1)
s
tensor ijk and symmetric rotation gradient tensor ij are defined by [15]

1
(u i , j + u j ,i ) ,
2
i = mm ,i ,

1
( i , j
2

1
1
s
s
s
s
+ jk mmi
+ ki mmj
= ( jk ,i + ki , j + ij ,k ) ;
; ijk
ij mmk
3
5
1
+ j ,i ) , i = (curl (u ) ),i .
2

s
ijk(1) = (1)
jik = ijk

ijs =

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U

ij =

(5)

here u i denotes the components of the displacement vector u , i expresses the infinitesimal rotation
vector and the symbol of represents the Kronecker delta.

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For a linear isotropic elastic material, the constitutive equation can be expressed by the components of
kinematic parameters effective on the strain energy density as follows [15,46]

ij = kk ij + 2 ij , pi = 2 l 02 i , ijk(1) = 2l12ijk(1) , m ijs = 2 l 22 ijs

(6)

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(1)
where ij is the classical stress tensor and p i , ijk
and mijs are also called the higher-order stresses.

The parameters and appeared in the constitutive equation of the classical stress , denote the Lame

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constants and are given as

E
,
1 2

E
.
2(1 + )

(7)

where E and are Youngs modulus and Poissons ratio, respectively. Moreover, l 0 , l 1 , l 2 appeared
in higher-order stresses are the additional independent material length scale parameters connected with
the dilatation gradients, deviatoric stretch gradients and symmetric rotation gradients, respectively.
According to the first-order shear deformation plate theory, in which the in-plane displacements are
expanded as linear functions of the plate thickness and the transverse deflection is constant through the

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plate thickness, the displacement field in a Mindlin plate corresponding to an axisymmetric problem can be
expressed as

u 1 = U ( r , t ) + z ( r , t ) , u 2 = 0, u 3 = W ( r , t ) .

(8)

in which U andW represents the displacement components along the radial and axial directions,

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respectively, and represents the small rotation of a transverse normal about - axes.

By introducing Eq. (8) into Eq. (5), the nonzero components of the straindisplacement relations can be
obtained as

U z
1
W
+z
, = + , rz = +
.
r
r
r r
2
r

(9)

SC

r =

By using Eqs. (5) and (8), the non-zero components of the rotation vector, the dilatation gradient tensor
and the symmetric rotation gradient tensor can be obtained as, respectively

1
W

.
2
r

r =

2 1
2U 1 U U
+

+
z
2 ,
2 +
r 2 r r r 2

r
r

r
r

1 2W 1 W

2 +
.
4 r r 4r r

z =

+ .
r r

(10a)

(10b)

(10c)

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rs =

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U

Also, the non-zero components of deviatoric stretch gradient tensor can be derived as

(1)
rrz

1 2U 4 U 4U z 2 4 4
= 3 2 +
2 + 3 2 +

,
15 r
r r
r 15
r
r r r 2

(11)

AC
C

(1)r = (1)r = r(1)

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1 2U 1 U U z 2 1 (1)
1 2W

+
+
2

+
,
=

+2
+ ,

zzz
2
2
2
2
2
5 r
r r r 5 r
r r r
5 r
r r
2W (1)
2W
1
1 4
(1)
(1)
(1)

= r(1)
=
=
+

=
=
=

8
4
,
2

,
zr
zrr
z
z
15 r
r 2 r
15 r
r r 2

(1)
rrr
= 2

(1)
(1)
(1)
zzr
= zrz
= rzz
=

1 2U 1 U U z 2 1

+ + 3 2
+ .
3
15 r 2 r r r 2 15
r
r r r 2

2.3. Derivation of governing equations and boundary conditions

If C and NC = s 1 + s 2 + s 3 are used to illustrate the strain energies corresponding to the classical
elastic theory and MSGT, respectively, the total strain energy of FG microplate can be expressed as

S = C + NC

(12)

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where

C =

M
1
U
N
W

+Mr
+
U + +Q
+ dA .
N r

r
r
2A
r
r
r

s 1 =

2
1 2U 1 U U
1

p
P
+

+
M
+

+
P
+ dA .

r
r
z
2
2 A r 2 r r r 2
r r r 2
r r
r

s 2 =

h 2
2W
1
2U

1 U U
+
T
+
T

T
+2

rrr
r
rrz
2
2
2

r
r
2 h 2
r r r
r

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+T z

2
1
+ M rrr
+ M r
2 dA
2
r
r
r r r

(13a)

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1 Y r 2W 1 W
s 3 =
2 +
dA .

2 A 2 r
r
r r
r

(13b)

(13c)

(13d)

in which A stands for the area occupied by the mid-plane of the FG microplate. Introducing the stiffness
components as
h 2

{A11 , B11 , D11} = { ( z ) + 2 ( z )}{1, z , z 2 } dz ,

h 2
h 2

h 2
h 2

(14)

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{A12 , B12 , D12 } = ( z ) {1, z , z 2 } dz ,

{A55 , B 55 , D 55 } = ( z ) {1, z , z 2 } dz ,
h 2

The normal resultant forces, shear forces, bending moments, and other higher-order resultants and

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moments in a section caused by higher-order stresses are defined as follows

U
U

U
U

+ A12 + B 11
+ B 12 , N = A11 + A12
+ B 11 + B 12
,
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
U
U

U
U

M r = B 11
+ B 12 + D11
+ D12 , M = B 11 + B 12
+ D11 + D12
,
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
W

Q = s A 55
+ .
r

AC
C

N r = A11

2U 1 U U
2 1

Pr = 2A55l 02 2 +
2 + 2B 55l 02 2 +
2 , Pz = 2A 55l 02
+ ,
r r r
r r r
r
r
r
r
M

p
r

2U 1 U U
2 1
= 2B l 2 +
2 + 2D 55l 02 2 +
.
r r r
r r r 2
r
r
2
55 0

(15a)

(15b)

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T rrr =

2A55l12 2U 1 U U 2B 55l12 2 1

+ +

+
2
2
5 r 2 r r r 2
5 r 2 r r r 2

M rrr =

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2A55l12
2W
=
+ 4 2 ,
8
r
15 r
r

2A55l 22 2W 1 W

4 r r 2 r r
r

Y r =

where s is a shear correction factor.

The kinetic energy of FG microplate can be expressed as:
2
2
h 2
U
W
1

+
z
+

dzdA
2 A h 2 t
t t

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U

T =

2
2
2
1 U
U

W
= I 1
+ I3
+ 2I 2
+ I1
dA
t t
2 A t
t
t

where
h 2

h 2

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{I 1, I 2 , I 3} = ( z ) {1, z , z 2 }dz .

(15c)

(15d)

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T rrz

2B 55l12 2U 1 U U 2D 55l12 2 1

+ +

+ ,
2
2
5 r 2 r r r 2
5 r 2 r r r 2

(16)

(17)

If N r 0 and q0 are used to denote the external radial force and external transverse load, respectively, the
work done by the external forces applied on the plate can be expressed as
2

1
W
= q 0W + N r 0
dA .

2
r
A

(18)

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ext

Implementing Eq. (3) and taking the variation of U , W , , integrating by parts and setting the

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C

coefficients of U , W and equal to zero, the following governing equations of motion (19a-19c)
and the associated boundary conditions (20a-20c) will be achieved as:

N
1
1 2
1 ( Pr + T r ) Pr + T r
2U
2
r
P
+
r
T
+
+
=
I
+
I
( rN r )
(
)
r
rrr
1
2
r r
r
r r 2
r
r
r2
t 2
t 2

(19a)

Y r 1
1
w 1 2 rY r
2W

rQ +
+
rT rrz + q 0 = I 1 2
r N r0
+
r r
2 r r
r r r 2 2
t

(19c)

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1
r r

1
1

M + Pz +T z
p
+ Y r Q
r M r + M r + r Pz + 2 rT rrz + M r + rY r
2
r
2r

p
M r + M r
1 2
2
2U
p

r
M
+
r
M
+
=
I
+
I
r
rrr
3
2
r r 2
r2
t 2
t 2

(19d)

1
1
rT rrz rY r
r r
2

= 0 or M r

U
= 0 or Pr + T rrr = 0.
r

(20a)

w
1
Y r
W
+ N r0
= 0,
+
= 0 or T rrz Y r = 0. (20b)
r
2
2r
r

SC

W = 0 or Q

P +T
1
( rPr + rT rrr ) + r r = 0,
r r
r

M p + M r
1
1
rM rp + rM rrr + r
+ Pz + 2T rrz + Y r = 0,
r r
r
2

= 0 or M r + M rrr = 0.

(20c)

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U = 0 or N r

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Also, the corresponding boundary conditions are

Therefore, based on the MSGT, the governing equations of motion of a size-dependent FG

circular/annular microplate are achieved. The presented model can be reduced to the size-dependent plate
model based on the MCST by setting l 0 = l1 = 0 and the classical plate model by putting the all material

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length scale parameters equal to zero.

3. Non-dimensional form of equations of motion and boundary conditions in terms of displacements

Substituting Eqs. (15a)-(15d) into Eqs. (19a)-(19c) and by introducing the following non-dimensional
quantities

(U ,W
r
b
, = , (u ,w ) =
b
h
h

I
I
q b2
I
, = , ( I 1 , I 2 , I 3 ) = 1 , 2 , 3 2 , q 0 = 0 ,
A110 h
I 10 I 10 h I 10 h

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A11 A 55 B 11
B
D 55
D11
,
,
, 55 ,
,
2
2
A110 A110 A110 h A110 h A110 h A110 h

AC
C

(a11 , a55 , b11 , b55 , d 11 , d 55 ) =

N r0 =

(l , l , l )
N r0
t
, ( l 0 , l1 , l 2 ) = 0 1 2 , =
A110
h
b

A110
.
I 10

(21a)

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4
4
1
1

16
c1 = 2l 0 2 + l12 , c 2 = 2l 0 2 l12 , c 3 = l12 + l 2 2 , c 4 = l 12 l 2 2 ,
5
45
4
4

15

15
1
32
1
1
2

c 5 = 2l12 l 2 2 , c 6 = 2l 0 2 + l 12 + l 2 2 , c 7 = 2l 0 2 + l12 , c 8 = 2l 0 2 l12 ,

2
15
4
15
5

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1
4
1
2

c 9 = l 12 l 2 2 , c10 = 2l 0 2 l12 l 2 2 .
4
15
4
15

(21b)

, the non-dimensional forms of equations of motion for FG annular/circular microplate based on the firstorder shear deformation theory and MSGT in terms of displacements can be expressed as

SC

3a55c 2 2u
3a55c 2 1 u u
3b55c 2 2 c1a55 4u 2 3u
a
+
+
a

+
b
+

11

2 2 2 11 2 2 2 11 2 2 2 2 4 3

2w 1 w

k s a55 2 +
+
+

M
AN
U

3b c 1 c1b55 4 2 3
2u
2
I
I
+ b11 255 22
2 2 4 +
=
+

1
2
2
2
3

1 a55l 2 2 2w 1 w

+
+
2 2
2

(22a)

(22b)

2w 1 w
c a 4w 2 3w c 4a55 3 a55c 5 2
2w
3 255
+

+
N
+
+
=
I
q

r
1
0
0
2
4 3 3 2
2

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D

2u 1 u u
2 1
w

b11 2 +
2 a55 k s
+
2 + d 11 2 +

c b 4u 2 3u c1d 55 4 2 3 a55 c 4 3w 1 2w
1 255 4 +
+
+

3 2 4 3 3 2

(22c)

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c b 2u 1 u u c 2d 55 2 1
+3 22 552 2
+ +3

2 2 2 2 2

AC
C

2 1 2a55l12 1 2w
a55 l 2 2 w
2
2u
+
12
I
I
+a55c 6 2 +
2 +
+
=
+

3
2
15 2
4 2
2
2

It is observed from Eqs. (22a)-(22c) that for a linear homogeneous plate b11 = b55 = I 2 = 0 , the in-plane
displacement (u ) is uncoupled with the transverse displacements (w , ) .
The associated boundary conditions can be handled as a same way and expressed in terms of
displacements. The associated boundary condition for clamped (C) end can be written as

u =

u
w

=w =
= =
= 0.

(23)

and for simply supported (SS) edge, the boundary conditions can be expressed as
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a u u b 55

2u
2
= c1 a55 2 + b 55 2 + c 8 55
+
= 0,

u =w =

a55c 4

(24)

c1b55 u 1 u c1d 55 1 a55c 4 w

2d c
+
2 3+
+
+ d 11 + c 6a55 + 255 27
2
3
2
2
2


3

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a55 l 2 2 w
a55c 3 2w a55c 9

= 0,

4
2

Also, the regular boundary condition ( = 0 ) can be stated as

a55 c 3 3w 1 2w
+

3 3 2

b55 u u d 55

+
= 0,
+ c8

a55 c 4 2
2
2

M
AN
U

u
2u
2
= = c1 b55 2 + d 55 2

(25)

a55 14 2 1 2
l 2 2a55
1 w
l
l
k
a

= 0,
+
s 55
1
2
2
2 2
15
2
4

4. Solution procedure

TE
D

u=

SC

2b c u a55 l 2 2 w a55c10 2d 55c 7 d 12

b12 2b55c 7
+ b11 + 255 27
+
+
2 3 +
2 3 u = 0
+
4

Different numerical techniques can be employed to solve the governing equations and associated
boundary conditions. The GDQ method [47] has shown a great potential in solving complicated partial
differential equations and has been successfully applied in many investigations. In this paper, this method

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is employed to discretize the governing equations and associated boundary conditions. When discretizing
the problem, the grid points are located at the shifted ChebyshevGaussLobatto points as

1
2

i 1

; i = 1, 2, 3,..., n .
1 cos
n 1

(26)

AC
C

i = +

where n is the total number of nodes distributed along the radial direction and

= a b . Also, the

column vectors of u , w and can be described as follow

u = {u1 , u 2 ,...,u n } , w = {w 1 ,w 2 ,...,w n } , = { 1 , 2 ,..., n }.

(27)

in which u i = u (i ) ,w i = w (i ) , and i = (i ) ; ( i = i , 2,..., n ) . By applying the GDQ method, the

discrete counterpart of governing equations can be expressed as

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3a55c 2 ( 2)
3a55c 2 1 (1)
3b55c 2 ( 2)
u
a11 + 2 2 D u + a11 2 2 D u 2 + b11 + 2 2 D

ca
3b c 1
cb
2
2
&& ,
&& + I 2
1 255 D( 4)u + D(3)u + b11 255 22 D(1) 2 1 255 D(4) + D(3) = I 1u

1
1a l 2
1

k s a55 D(2) w + D(1) w + D(1) + + 552 22 D(2) w D(1) w D(1) +

(28b)

SC

ca

ca
a c
1
2
&& ,
3 255 D(4) w + D(3) w 4 55 D(3) 55 5 D(2) + N r 0 D( 2) w + D(1) w + q 0 = I 1w

(28a)

M
AN
U

2
2
1 1
u
1 1

1
b11 D( )u + D( )u 2 + d 11 D( ) + D( ) 2 a55 k s D( ) w +

cd
a c

cb
2
2
1
1 255 D(4)u + D(3)u 1 255 D(4) + D(3) + 55 4 D(3) w + D(2) w

cb
1
u cd
1

+3 22 552 D(2)u D(1)u + 2 + 3 22 552 D(2) D(1) + 2

(28c)

AC
C

D( r ) = w ij( r )

I x ;

(x i )

;
(x i x j ) (x j )

= (1) ( r 1) w ij( r 1)
r w ij w ii
xi x j

n
w ij( r ) ;
j =1, j i

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where

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1
2a l 2 1
a l 2
&& + I 2u
&&.
+a55c 6 D(2) + D(1) 2 + 55 1 D(2 ) w + 12 + 55 22 D(1) w = I 3

15
4

r =0

i j and i , j = 1, 2,..., n and r = 1

i j and i , j = 1, 2,..., n and r = 2,3,..., n 1

(29)

i = j and i , j = 1, 2,..., n and r = 1, 2,..., n 1

and is a N N identity matrix and ( x i ) =

(x
n

j =1, j i

x j ).

The associated boundary conditions can be handled as the same way.

The governing equations (28a)-(28c) conjugating with the associated boundary condition yield the
following matrix form equation

&& + ( K + N K ) d + q = 0.
Md
e
r0
g
0

(30)
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ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

where M , K e ,and K g denote the mass matrix, stiffness matrix and geometric stiffness matrix,
respectively. Also, q 0 and d are the transverse load vector and displacement vector, respectively. The Eq.
(30) can be used for the static bending, static buckling and free vibration analysis of FG circular/annular

bending problem of the FG circular/annular microplate as

K e d + q 0 = 0.

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microplate. By neglecting the inertia term and setting N r 0 = 0 , Eq. (30) can be reduced to a static

(31)

Also, by setting N r 0 = Pcr , the Eq. (30) can be reduced to a static buckling problem of FG
circular/annular microplate, if the inertia term and the transverse load vector neglected

Pcr K g ) d = 0.

in which Pcr

SC

(32)

denotes the dimensionless critical buckling load. Furthermore, by substituting

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(K

N r 0 = q 0 = 0 into Eq. (29) and considering the dynamic displacement vector d as d = d *e i ( and

d * denote the dimensionless natural frequency and mode shape of FG circular/annular microplate,
respectively), Eq. (30) gives a free vibration problem

(K

2 M d * = 0.

(33)

By solving Eqs. (31), (32) and (33), respectively, the deflection, critical buckling load and natural

5. Results and Discussion

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frequency of an FG circular/annular microplate can be obtained.

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In this work, based on the MSGT, the static bending, buckling, and free vibration of the FGM
circular/annular microplates is analyzed. It is considered the FG microplates consist of aluminum (Al) and
ceramic (SiC) with the material properties E m = 70 GPa , m = 0.3, m = 2702 kg m 3 for Al and

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E c = 427 GPa , c = 0.17 , c = 3100 kg m 3 for SiC [48]. Moreover, it is assumed that the top and the
bottom surfaces of the plate are metal-rich and ceramic-rich, respectively. It should be pointed out that the
experimental data is needed to evaluate the length scale parameters of a homogeneous epoxy or FG
microplate. The length scale parameter of an isotropic homogeneous microbeam has been experimentally
obtained as l = 17.6 m by Lam et al. [15]. However, so far, there is no available experimental data
relevant to the FG microplates in open literature. In order to quantitatively analyze the size effect of the
FG microplates, the values of length scale parameters for the FG microplates are approximately assumed
to be equal to l = 15 m in the following examples.

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5.1. Convergence and comparison studies

A critical part of the numerical methods is to show the convergence of their results. Tables 1 and 2
represents the convergence criteria of GDQ method used to evaluate the critical buckling loads and
natural frequencies of FG annular microplates with different types of boundary conditions. This pattern of

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convergence of the numerical technique reflects its efficiency and reliability.

So as to ensure the validity and accuracy of the present model, the results obtained are compared with
those previously obtained based on modified couple stress model [49] in Table 3. As it was mentioned
before, the present modified strain gradient plate model can be easily reduced to the classical model
and modified couple stress model

( l 0 = l1 = 0 ) .

According to this table, good

SC

( l 0 = l1 = l 2 = 0 )

agreement is observed between the generated results for FG annular microplates with C-C and SS-SS

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boundary conditions and those of [49] based on the modified couple stress theory.

5.2. Bending analysis of FG circular/annular microplate under a uniformly distributed transverse

load
On the basis of results given in Table 4, it is found that by increasing the b h ratio of annular FG
microplates, the maximum deflection will increase too and this behavior is the same for all kinds of edge
supports.

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Figure 2 depicts the effect of material index on the maximum deflection of FG annular microplates
with various values of dimensionless length scale parameter and boundary conditions. It is found that
increasing of the value of k leads to higher maximum deflection especially for FG microplates with
higher values of h l .

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Illustrated in Figure 3 is a comparison between the maximum defections predicted by different plate
models corresponding to various boundary conditions. It is revealed that MSGT predicts the lowest value

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of maximum deflection among various types of plate model and this prediction is the same for all kinds of
edge supports.

Plotted in Figure 4a are the dimensionless deflection curves of FG annular microplates predicted by
MSGT corresponding to various values of dimensionless length scale parameter and they are compared
with the dimensionless deflection curve predicted by CT. it can be seen that by increasing the value of

h l , the maximum deflection of FG annular microplate increases and it tends to the value of predicted by
CT. This pattern is the same for all types of boundary conditions. Figure 4b shows the same results
relevant to circular FG microplates and the previous manner can be found for these microplates too.

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ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

Figure 5 illustrates the effect of inner-to-outer radius ratio on the dimensionless deflection curve of FG
annular microplates corresponding to different plate models. It is observed that among various types of
plate models, CT and MSGT predict the maximum and minimum values of deflection, respectively, and
this prediction is the same for all types of boundary conditions.

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5.3. Buckling analysis of FG circular/annular microplates

Table 5 gives the first five dimensionless critical buckling loads of FG annular microplates corresponding
to different values of material property gradient index and various edge supports. It is indicated that by
increasing the value of k , the value of critical buckling load for the all first five modes and boundary

SC

conditions decreases.

Depicted in Figure 6 is the effect of material index on the dimensionless critical buckling loads of FG
annular microplates with various values of dimensionless length scale parameter. It is found that for all

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types of edge supports, increasing of the value of h l leads to lower critical buckling load and tends to the
value predicted by CT and this behavior is more significant for FG microplates with lower values of
material property gradient index.

The results tabulated in Table 6 are the first five dimensionless critical buckling loads of FG annular
microplates with various values of dimensionless length scale parameter and boundary conditions. It can
be seen that increasing of h l leads to lower critical buckling load. In other words, by increasing the

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influence of size effect, the stiffness of FG annular microplates decreases.

Figure 7 presents a comparison between the dimensionless critical buckling loads predicted by different
plate models for different boundary conditions. It is revealed that for all values of dimensionless length
scale parameter, especially for lower ones, MSGT and CT predict the maximum and minimum values of

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critical buckling loads, respectively, among various plate models.

Figure 8 shows the effect of inner-to-outer radius ratio on the dimensionless critical buckling load and

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corresponding mode-shape of FG annular microplates. It is found that higher value of inner-to-outer

radius ratio leads to the higher critical buckling load and increases the width of the buckling mode-shape.
This pattern is the same for all kinds of edge supports.
In Table 7, the effect of b h ratio on the critical buckling load of FG annular microplates with various
boundary conditions is demonstrated. It can be observed that the critical buckling load of annular
microplates decreases by increasing the value of b h aspect ratio.

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5.4. Free vibration analysis of FG circular/annular microplates

Table 8 gives the first five dimensionless natural frequencies of FG annular microplates corresponding to
different values of material property gradient index and various boundary conditions. It is revealed that by
increasing the value of k , the value of natural frequency for the all first five modes and boundary

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conditions decreases.

Illustrated in Figure 9 is the effect of material index on the dimensionless natural frequency of FG
annular microplates with various values of dimensionless length scale parameter. It is found that for all
types of boundary conditions, increasing of the value of h l leads to lower natural frequency and tends to

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the frequency predicted by CT and this behavior is more significant for FG microplates with lower values
of k .

In Table 9 the first five dimensionless natural frequencies of FG annular microplates with various values

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of dimensionless length scale parameter and boundary conditions are given. It can be observed that
increasing of h l leads to lower natural frequency. In other words, by increasing the influence of size
effect, the stiffness of FG annular microplates decreases.

Plotted in Figure 10 is a comparison between the dimensionless critical buckling loads predicted by
different plate models corresponding to different edge supports. It is found that for all values of
dimensionless length scale parameter, especially for lower ones, MSGT and CT predict the maximum and

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minimum values of natural frequencies, respectively, among various plate models.

Shown in Figure 11 is the effect of inner-to-outer radius ratio on the dimensionless natural frequency
and corresponding mode-shape of FG annular microplates. It is found that higher value of inner-to-outer
radius ratio leads to the higher natural frequency and increases the width of the vibrational mode-shape.

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This response is the same for all kinds of boundary conditions.

Tabulated in Table 10 is the results demonstrated the effect of b h ratio on the free vibration
characteristics of FG annular microplates with various edge supports. It can be seen that the fundamental

AC
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frequency of annular microplates decreases by increasing the value of b h aspect ratio.

6. Conclusion

In the present work, bending, buckling and free vibration responses of the FG circular/annular microplates
were studied based on the modified strain gradient elasticity theory and Mindlin plate theory. The
developed non-classical Mindlin plate model contains three material length scale parameters which has
the capability to interpret the size effects. To obtain the deflection, critical buckling loads and natural
frequencies of FG microplates, the generalized differential quadrature (GDQ) method was utilized to
discretize the governing differential equations along with different boundary conditions.
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ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

It was observed that for all types of edge supports, increasing of the value of h l leads to lower critical
buckling load and natural frequency and this behavior is more significant for FG microplates with lower
values of material index. Furthermore, it was found that higher value of inner-to-outer radius ratio leads to
the higher natural frequency and critical buckling load. Moreover, it leads to increase the width of the

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vibrational mode-shape. This response is the same for all kinds of boundary conditions. Also, it was
revealed that by increasing the value of dimensionless length scale parameter, the maximum deflection of
FG annular microplate increases and it tends to the value of predicted by CT. This pattern is for the

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[48] M. Ganapathi, 2007, Dynamic stability characteristics of functionally graded materials shallow

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dependent functionally graded annular microplates, Composite Structures 94, pp. 32503257.

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List of the Tables:

Table 1: Convergence of the first dimensionless natural frequency and critical buckling load of FG
annular microplates predicted by MSGT corresponding to various numbers of nodes

= 2, h l = 2, = 0.5, = 6 )

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(k

Table 2: Comparisons of the first dimensionless natural frequencies and critical buckling load of SS-SS
annular microplate for various gradient index and numbers of nodes predicted by MSGT

(h

l = 2, = 0.5, = 6 )

Table 3: Comparisons of the dimensionless frequencies and critical buckling loads of SS-SS and C-C

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annular microplate corresponding to the MCST and CT ( k = 1.2, = 0.5, = 6 )

Table 4: Effect b h on the maximum deflection of FG annular microplates with k = 1.2, h l = 2 and

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= 0.5 predicted by MSGT

Table 5: Effect of gradient index k on the first five dimensionless critical buckling loads for FG annular
microplates with h l = 2, = 0.5 and = 6 predicted by MSGT

Table 6: Size effect on the first five dimensionless critical buckling loads for FG annular microplates with

k = 1.2, h l = 2, = 0.5 and = 6 predicted by MSGT

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Table 7: Effect b h on the first five dimensionless critical buckling loads for FG annular microplates
with k = 1.2, h l = 2 and = 0.5 predicted by MSGT
Table 8: Effect of gradient index k on the first five dimensionless natural frequencies for FG annular

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microplates with h l = 2, = 0.5 and = 6 predicted by MSGT

Table 9: Size effect on the first five dimensionless natural frequencies for FG annular microplates with

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k = 1.2, h l = 2, = 0.5 and = 6 predicted by MSGT

Table 10: Effect b h on the first five dimensionless natural frequencies for FG annular microplates with

k = 1.2, h l = 2 and = 0.5 predicted by MSGT

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Table 1: Convergence of the first dimensionless natural frequency and critical buckling load of FG
annular microplates predicted by MSGT corresponding to various numbers of nodes

BC
n

SS-SS

C-C

Pcr

SS-C

Pcr

C-SS

Pcr

Pcr

3.63559 6.29685 4.99987 4.64933 0.36452 0.83675 0.58579 0.49948

3.61675 6.27879 4.96912 4.54749 0.36155 0.83463 0.5821 0.48495
3.61582 6.27881 4.97196 4.55877 0.36136 0.8346 0.5826 0.4863
3.61574 6.2788 4.9718 4.55799 0.36135 0.8346 0.58258 0.48619
3.61574 6.2788 4.97181 4.55801 0.36135 0.8346 0.58258 0.4862
3.61574 6.2788 4.97181 4.55801 0.36135 0.8346 0.58258 0.4862

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9
12
15
18
21
24

= 2, h l = 2, = 0.5, = 6 )

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(k

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Table 2: Comparisons of the first dimensionless natural frequencies and critical buckling load of SS-SS
annular microplate for various gradient index and numbers of nodes predicted by MSGT

(h

9
12
15
18
21
24

5.69878
5.69303
5.69268
5.69267
5.69267
5.69267

k=0.6

Pcr

4.08563
4.06775
4.06682
4.06675
4.06675
4.06675

3.63559
3.61675
3.61582
3.61574
3.61574
3.61574

k=1.2

k=2

Pcr

Pcr

3.33009
3.3141
3.31335
3.31329
3.31329
3.31329

2.38105
2.37949
2.37928
2.37928
2.37928
2.37928

0.9641
0.96392
0.96377
0.96378
0.96378
0.96378

0.47138
0.46828
0.46806
0.46804
0.46804
0.46804

Al

Pcr

0.36452
0.36155
0.36136
0.36135
0.36135
0.36135

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22

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SiC
n

l = 2, = 0.5, = 6 )

Pcr

0.30064 0.14656
0.29839 0.14662
0.29825 0.14659
0.29825 0.1466
0.29825 0.1466
0.29825 0.1466

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Table 3: Comparisons of the dimensionless frequencies and critical buckling loads of SS-SS and C-C
annular microplates corresponding to the MCST and CT ( k = 1.2, = 0.5, = 6 )
h/l = 2
Present Ref. [49]
6.0651
6.0563
9.0698
9.0737

17.5934

17.6027

13.7467

13.7261

SS-SS

1
2
3

5.2321
8.8583
15.6644

5.2254
8.8630
15.6229

3.5455
8.598
11.1483

3.5431
8.6049
11.1268

C-C
SS-SS

Pcr
Pcr

1.6615
0.7523

1.6534
0.7502

0.8284
0.3529

0.8250
0.3523

C-C

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Buckling

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23

h/l = 3
Present Ref. [49]
5.0823
5.0742
9.0127
9.0156
11.429
11.4110
9
3.0276
3.0256
8.076
8.0798
9.869
9.8531

CT
Present Ref. [49]
3.8664
3.8554
7.9155
7.8910

0.5918
0.2598

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1
2

h/l = 1
Present Ref. [49]
8.6259
8.6096
9.1419
9.1478

BCs

SC

Study

0.5892
0.2594

9.3004

9.2992

2.4941
6.6646
9.2559

2.4922
6.6575
9.2506

0.3718
0.1784

0.3699
0.1781

ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

Table 4: Effect b h on the maximum deflection of FG annular microplates with k = 1.2, h l = 2 and

= 0.5 predicted by MSGT

b/h=6

b/h=7

b/h=8

b/h=10

SS-SS microplate 0.0727 0.089 0.1062 0.1247

C-C microplate
0.024 0.0306 0.0371 0.0434
SS-C microplate 0.0386 0.0482 0.0576 0.067
C-SS microplate 0.0454 0.0563 0.0671 0.0779

0.1668
0.0558
0.0868
0.1005

AC
C

EP

TE
D

M
AN
U

SC

RI
PT

b/h=5

24

ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

Table 5: Effect of gradient index k on the first five dimensionless critical buckling loads for FG annular
microplates with h l = 2, = 0.5 and = 6 predicted by MSGT
k=1.2

k=2

k=5

k=10

Al

0.9648
2.1708
3.8635
6.2261
9.2872

0.7624
1.7155
3.0536
4.9216
7.3445

0.6564
1.4747
2.625
4.231
6.3154

0.4678
1.0405
1.8515
2.9828
4.452

0.3613
0.7977
1.4175
2.2818
3.4041

0.2983
0.6557
1.164
1.8722
2.7911

0.2208
0.4855
0.8593
1.3803
2.0547

0.1876
0.4127
0.7301
1.1721
1.7439

0.1466
0.3248
0.5751
0.9242
1.3764

2.2781 1.7989
3.5872 2.8361
6.3267 5.0039
9.0248 7.1401
13.1332 10.3951

1.5458
2.4385
4.3028
6.1405
8.9416

1.0896
1.7198
3.0338
4.3299
6.3056

0.8346
1.3162
2.3197
3.31
4.8183

0.4316
0.6768
1.1882
1.6929
2.4583

0.3394
0.5337
0.9381
1.3374
1.9442

1.5819
2.9319

1.2495
2.3171

1.0742 0.759 0.5827 0.4796 0.3553 0.3019 0.2368

1.992 1.4049 1.0756 0.8833 0.6524 0.5544 0.4369

5.0035
7.6789
11.1191

3.9558
6.0731
8.7974

3.4012 2.3985 1.8351 1.5055 1.1098 0.9423 0.7429

5.2219 3.6815 2.8152 2.3082 1.6992 1.4423 1.1385
7.5659 5.3346 4.0776 3.3413 2.4566 2.0844 1.6468

1.0383

0.893

2.2252
3.8142

1.9127 1.3488 1.0327 0.8483 0.6269 0.5327 0.4195

3.2797 2.313 1.7698 1.4523 1.0705 0.9091 0.7168

5.9739
8.6673

5.1363 3.6213 2.7691 2.2706 1.6718 1.4192 1.12

7.4539 5.2557 4.0175 3.2923 2.4208 2.0539 1.6227

1.3128
2.8157
4.8254

SC

RI
PT

k=0.6

M
AN
U

0.6861
1.0802
1.9019
2.7126
3.9462

0.5077
0.7968
1.4
1.9951
2.8983

7.5532
10.9556

0.6324 0.4863 0.4004 0.2964 0.2521 0.1981

AC
C

Pcr 2
Pcr 3
Pcr 4
Pcr 5

k=0.2

TE
D

Pcr 2
Pcr 3
Pcr 4
Pcr 5
C-C microplate
Pcr 1
Pcr 2
Pcr 3
Pcr 4
Pcr 5
SS-C microplate
Pcr 1
Pcr 2
Pcr 3
Pcr 4
Pcr 5
C-SS microplate
Pcr 1

k=0.1

EP

SS-SS microplate
Pcr 1

SiC

25

ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

Table 6: Size effect on the first five dimensionless critical buckling loads for FG annular microplates with

h/l=5

h/l=7

h/l=15

h/l=30

CT

0.7422
2.1407
4.4646
7.834
12.2645

0.3613
0.7977
1.4175
2.2818
3.4041

0.2633
0.5372
0.8501
1.2529
1.7632

0.2203
0.4397
0.6495
0.8921
1.1887

0.1977
0.3917
0.5555
0.7248
0.9227

0.1761
0.3472
0.4724
0.5786
0.6909

0.1567
0.3077
0.4029
0.4586
0.5018

0.1524 0.1509
0.2989 0.296
0.3881 0.3831
0.4334 0.425
0.4623 0.4491

2.2067
4.1123
7.951
11.9115
17.8659

0.8346
1.3162
2.3197
3.31
4.8183

0.5668 0.4647 0.413 0.363 0.3143 0.301

0.7937 0.6081 0.5206 0.4423 0.3743 0.3577
1.2756 0.909 0.7384 0.5885 0.463 0.4352
1.7168 1.159 0.9007 0.6756 0.4915 0.4524
2.4017 1.5555 1.1636 0.822 0.5424 0.4832

0.2934
0.3491
0.4242
0.4371
0.4626

M
AN
U

RI
PT

h/l=4

1.3958 0.5827 0.4117 0.3421 0.3057

0.27 0.2358 0.227 0.2225
3.1675 1.0756 0.6818 0.5399 0.472 0.4103 0.3557 0.3428 0.3371
6.0797 1.8351 1.0472 0.7701 0.6409 0.5272 0.4323 0.4115 0.4036
9.9343 2.8152 1.4962 1.0341 0.8199 0.633 0.4795 0.4469 0.4353
14.9347 4.0776 2.0668 1.3628 1.0368 0.7527 0.5206 0.4719 0.4551
1.1066 0.4863 0.3519 0.2963

0.267 0.2381 0.2099 0.2024 0.1983

3.0137 1.0327 0.6593 0.5245

0.46 0.4013 0.3493 0.3369 0.3311
5.8398 1.7698 1.0145 0.749 0.6253 0.5165 0.4258 0.4058 0.3978
9.7576 2.7691 1.4742 1.0206 0.8104 0.627 0.4767 0.4448 0.4331
14.704 4.0175 2.0385 1.3458 1.025 0.7456 0.5176 0.4698 0.453

AC
C

Pcr 2
Pcr 3
Pcr 4
Pcr 5

h/l=3

TE
D

Pcr 2
Pcr 3
Pcr 4
Pcr 5
C-C microplate
Pcr 1
Pcr 2
Pcr 3
Pcr 4
Pcr 5
SS-C microplate
Pcr 1
Pcr 2
Pcr 3
Pcr 4
Pcr 5
C-SS microplate
Pcr 1

h/l=2

EP

SS-SS microplate
Pcr 1

h/l=1

SC

k = 1.2, h l = 2, = 0.5 and = 6 predicted by MSGT

26

ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

Table 7: Effect b h on the first five dimensionless critical buckling loads for FG annular microplates
with k = 1.2, h l = 2 and = 0.5 predicted by MSGT
b/h=8

b/h=10

0.4428 0.3613 0.3029 0.2581

1.0234 0.7977 0.6563 0.5595

0.1931
0.4337

1.9104 1.4175 1.1205 0.9262

3.1644 2.2818 1.7537 1.4124
4.794 3.4041 2.5727 2.0366

0.6916
1.0103
1.41

SC

1.0672 0.8346 0.6885

0.588

0.4565

1.7642 1.3162 1.0444 0.8657

3.2041 2.3197 1.7883 1.4436
4.649
3.31 2.5074 1.9891
6.8277 4.8183 3.6129 2.8343

0.6486
1.0359
1.3815
1.9236

0.7277 0.5827 0.4869 0.4178

1.4163 1.0756 0.8673 0.7286
2.51 1.8351 1.4291 1.1653

0.3223
0.5562
0.8511

3.9327 2.8152 2.1458 1.7133

5.764 4.0776 3.0673 2.4154

1.2056
1.6534

0.6008 0.4863 0.4097 0.3534

0.2743

1.3569 1.0327 0.8347 0.7026

2.4184 1.7698 1.3802 1.1268
3.8676 2.7691 2.1112 1.6864

0.538
0.825
1.1876

5.6786 4.0175 3.0226 2.3807

1.6305

TE
D

Pcr 3
Pcr 4
Pcr 5
C-SS microplate
Pcr 1

b/h=7

M
AN
U

SS-SS microplate
Pcr 1
Pcr 2
Pcr 3
Pcr 4
Pcr 5
C-C microplate
Pcr 1
Pcr 2
Pcr 3
Pcr 4
Pcr 5
SS-C microplate
Pcr 1
Pcr 2

b/h=6

RI
PT

b/h=5

AC
C

EP

Pcr 2
Pcr 3
Pcr 4
Pcr 5

27

ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

Table 8: Effect of gradient index k on the first five dimensionless natural frequencies for FG annular
microplates with h l = 2, = 0.5 and = 6 predicted by MSGT.
SiC

k=0.1

k=0.2

k=0.6

k=1.2

k=2

k=5

k=10

Al

5.6927

5.0921

4.7513

4.0667

3.6157

3.3133

2.8872

2.6743

2.3793

15.1571

13.5925 12.6448 10.7128

9.5022

8.7602

7.852

7.4624

6.9719

17.0742

15.3056 14.3146 12.3109 10.9577 10.0284

8.6901

8.0131

7.0804

23.1922

20.8139 19.4332 16.5735 14.6144

11.4405 10.5908

9.5632

34.2406

30.5361 28.3585 23.9411 21.1252 19.3417

16.974

15.8107

14.1592

10.0072

8.9461

8.334

7.0933

4.6294

4.1347

21.0965

18.855

17.49

14.7101 12.9677

10.6067 10.0581

9.3233

23.828

21.3534 19.9484

12.009

11.0892

9.8572

43.0956

38.5653 36.0848 31.1173 27.4038 25.0704 22.0179 20.5167

18.0397

44.5584

39.7539

36.92

31.1486 27.8337 25.5602 22.2503 20.5339

18.4079

7.9047

7.0664

6.5847

5.6109

17.8931

16.0389 14.9242 12.6504 11.2074 10.3081

C-C microplate

SS-C microplate

1
2
3
4
5

17.085

6.2788

5.7394
11.9

15.1607 13.8567

M
AN
U

1
2
3
4
5

13.279

SC

1
2
3
4
5

RI
PT

SS-SS microplate

3.6711

3.2747

9.1877

8.6993

8.0607

20.5521

18.4084 17.1909 14.7219 13.0697 11.9495 10.3603

9.5691

8.507

29.1252

26.1021 24.3826 20.8717 18.4934 16.8758 14.6119 13.5159

12.0763

39.4959

35.2247 32.7056 27.5744 24.2998 22.2387 19.5309

18.205

16.3233

7.2246

6.4612

2
3
4
5

17.638

15.8085 14.7064 12.4593 11.0373

TE
D

3.9603

6.0235

5.1394

EP

C-SS microplate

4.9718

4.558

4.548

4.9938

4.1711

3.6324

3.367

3.0047

10.154

9.058

8.5825

7.9649

19.9999

17.9182 16.7398 14.3506 12.7476 11.6574 10.1049

9.3286

8.2814

28.0619

25.1634 23.5081 20.1198 17.8221 16.2605 14.0848 13.0422

11.6952

34.69

AC
C

38.8921

32.2154 27.1774 23.9578 21.9253 19.2457 17.9335

28

16.0752

ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

Table 9: Size effect on the first five dimensionless natural frequencies for FG annular microplates with
k = 1.2, h l = 2, = 0.5 and = 6 predicted by MSGT
h/l=1

h/l=2

h/l=3

h/l=4

h/l=5

h/l=7

h/l=15

h/l=30

CT

5.2193

3.6157

3.0699

2.799

2.6461

2.4917

2.3456

2.3119

2.3

12.1588

9.5022

8.3506

7.6059

7.1694

6.7208

6.2846

6.1817

6.1449

15.3908 10.9577

9.5666

9.2023

9.0399

8.8863

8.7239

8.67

8.631

17.6817 14.6144 14.4614 14.2639 13.2111 12.1425 11.1549 10.9296

10.8524

35.7267 21.1252 16.4169 14.4723 14.3951 14.3693 14.3492 14.3446

14.3428

C-C microplate

1
2
3
4
5

SC

1
2
3
4
5

RI
PT

SS-SS microplate

6.2788

5.1406

4.6241

4.3327

4.02

3.6548

3.5237

3.4158

20.445

12.9677 10.8012

9.6631

8.9657

8.2223

7.4144

7.1488

6.9435

26.8049 15.1607 11.9192 10.7189

10.17

9.6593

9.1203

8.9261

8.754

46.2659 27.4038 20.4175 17.2335

15.506

13.7775 12.0323 11.5137

11.1547

49.8073 27.8337 22.8117 20.7289

19.645

18.4229 16.6519 15.8883

15.3862

3.7661

3.5445

3.3089

3.051

2.9701

2.9139

8.7534

8.1851

7.5904

6.9699

6.7853

6.6632

9.9306

9.5913

9.2692

8.9199

8.7937

8.6852

25.8668 18.4934 16.7574 15.6785 14.3541 12.9745 11.6183 11.2479

11.0293

42.7951 24.2998 18.4843

16.281

15.878

15.5741 15.2901 15.1871

15.0978

6.9761

3.8339

3.4909

3.2946

3.0861

2.8562

2.7822

2.7286

2
3
4
5

15.6266 11.0373

9.5103

8.5797

8.0252

7.4479

6.8458

6.6657

6.5452

9.8803

9.563

9.2552

8.9151

8.7913

8.6852

24.1315 17.8221 16.3651 15.3898 14.1756 12.8529 11.5395 11.1783

10.9626

42.2163 23.9578 18.2862 16.1652 15.7488 15.4816 15.2529 15.1815

15.1221

SS-C microplate

1
2
3
4
5

7.748

4.9718

4.1529

16.0568 11.2074

9.6858

M
AN
U

10.263

4.558

EP

C-SS microplate

TE
D

22.2686 13.0697 10.6897

AC
C

21.4553 12.7476 10.5665

29

ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

Table 10: Effect b h on the first five dimensionless natural frequencies for FG annular microplates with

k = 1.2, h l = 2 and = 0.5 predicted by MSGT

b/h=5

b/h=6

b/h=7

b/h=8

b/h=10

4.0004

3.6157

3.3109

3.0563

2.6456

9.9581

9.5022

9.1003

8.6537

7.7695

12.236 10.9577 10.1333

9.6826

9.3131

1
2
3
4
5

12.3951 14.6144 16.9186 17.2233 14.9241

1
2
3
4
5

7.1032

6.2788

SC

23.2817 21.1252 18.8985 19.2474 19.9831

C-C microplate

5.6995

14.1153 12.9677 12.1661

5.2642

4.6341

11.547 10.4129

M
AN
U

17.4897 15.1607 13.5591 12.4308 11.2034

27.8867 27.4038 24.3124 21.9621 18.6971
31.5056 27.8337 27.9447 26.0994 23.7298

SS-C microplate

5.559

4.9718

4.2097

3.6991

11.9645 11.2074 10.6564 10.1749

9.1647

4.5442

14.8654 13.0697 11.8233 10.9937 10.2143

17.0539 18.4934 20.1741 19.5774 16.8313

TE
D

1
2
3
4
5

RI
PT

S-SSS microplate

27.6941 24.2998 21.7293 22.2151 21.7865

C-SS microplate

4.558

4.1788

3.8793

3.4178

11.7689 11.0373 10.4886

9.9816

8.9558

14.4627 12.7476 11.5801 10.8352

10.147

AC
C

EP

2
3
4
5

5.0725

16.2466 17.8221 19.5797 19.2654 16.6054

27.3501 23.9578 21.4405 21.7521 21.6985

30

ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

List of the Figures:

Figure 1: Schematic diagram of an FG annular microplate: kinematic parameters, coordinate system, and
geometry

RI
PT

Figure 2: Effect of gradient index k on the maximum deflection of FG annular microplates with = 0.5
and = 6 corresponding to different dimensionless length scale parameter ( h l ) predicted by MSGT

Figure3: Comparison of the maximum defection predicted by different plate models corresponding to
various boundary conditions ( k = 1.2, = 6, = 0.5)

SC

Figure 4a: Size effect on the dimensionless deflection curve of FG annular microplates predicted by
MSGT and CT corresponding to various boundary conditions ( k = 1.2, = 6, = 0.5 )

M
AN
U

Figure 4b: Size effect on the dimensionless deflection curve of FG circular microplates predicted by
MSGT and CT corresponding to various boundary conditions ( k = 1.2, = 6, = 0.5 )
Figure 5: Effect inner-to-outer radius on the dimensionless deflection curve of FG annular microplates
with k = 1.2, h l = 3 and = 6 predicted by different plate models
Figure 6: Effect of gradient index k on the dimensionless critical buckling load of FG annular microplates
by MSGT

TE
D

with = 0.5 and = 6 corresponding to different dimensionless length scale parameter ( h l ) predicted

Figure 7: Comparison of the dimensionless critical buckling load predicted by different plate models
corresponding to various boundary conditions ( k = 1.2, = 6, = 0.5 )

EP

Figure 8: Effect inner-to-outer radius on the dimensionless critical buckling load and corresponding
mode shape of FG annular microplates with k = 1.2, h l = 4 and = 6 predicted by MSGT

AC
C

Figure 9: Effect of gradient index k on the dimensionless natural frequency of FG annular microplates
with = 0.5 and = 6 corresponding to different dimensionless length scale parameter ( h l ) predicted
by MSGT

Figure 10: Comparison of the dimensionless natural frequency predicted by different plate models
corresponding to various boundary conditions ( k = 1.2, = 6, = 0.5 )
Figure 11: Effect inner-to-outer radius on the dimensionless natural frequency and corresponding mode
shape of FG annular microplates with k = 1.2, h l = 4 and = 6 predicted by MSGT

31

ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

Ceramic

Metal

M
AN
U

SC

RI
PT

AC
C

EP

TE
D

Figure 1: Schematic diagram of an FG annular microplate: kinematic parameters, coordinate system, and
geometry

32

ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

(b) C-C

0.04
0
0.25

4
6
Gradient index ( k )
(d) C-SS

M
AN
U

0.2

RI
PT

0.08

0.2
0.16
0.12
0.08
0.04
0
0

0.12

Maximum deflection

0.24

2
4
6
Gradient index ( k )
(c) SS-C

0.16

SC

0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
0

Maximum deflection

h/l = 1
h/l = 1.5
h/l = 2
h/l = 4
CT

Maximum deflection

0.35
0.3
0.25

2
4
6
Gradient index ( k )

TE
D

Maximum deflection

(a) SS-SS

0.15

0.1

0.05

2
4
6
Gradient index ( k )

Figure 2: Effect of gradient index k on the maximum deflection of FG annular microplates with = 0.5

AC
C

EP

and = 6 corresponding to different dimensionless length scale parameter ( h l ) predicted by MSGT

33

ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

(b) C-C

0.14
CT
MCST
MSGT

0.1
0.06

0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02

Maximum deflection

1 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Length scale (h/l)
(c) SS-C

1 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Length scale (h/l)
(d) C-SS
0.16
0.14

M
AN
U

0.16
0.14

0.1

RI
PT

0.18

SC

0.22

Maximum deflection

0.12

0.12
0.1
0.08
0.06
0.04

0.12
0.1

0.08
0.06
0.04

TE
D

Maximum deflection

Maximum deflection

(a) SS-SS

1 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Length scale (h/l)

1 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Length scale (h/l)

Figure3: Comparison of the maximum defection predicted by different plate models corresponding to

AC
C

EP

various boundary conditions ( k = 1.2, = 6, = 0.5 )

34

ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

(a) SS-SS

0.1

0.075
0.05

0.025
0.6

0.7

0.8

0
0.5

0.9

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

SC

0
0.5

RI
PT

0.2

0.1
Deflection

h/l = 1.5
h/l = 2
h/l = 3
h/l = 7
h/l = 15
CT

0.3
Deflection

(b) C-C

(c) SS-C

(d) C-SS

M
AN
U

0.15

Deflection

Deflection

0.15

0.1

0.05

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

TE
D

0
0.5

0.1

0.05

0
0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

Figure4a: Size effect on the dimensionless deflection curve of FG annular microplates predicted by

AC
C

EP

MSGT and CT corresponding to various boundary conditions ( k = 1.2, = 6, = 0.5)

35

ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

(a) SS circular microplate

(b) Clamped circular microplate

4

12

RI
PT

3.5
10

2.5
2

M
AN
U

1.5

SC

Deflection

Deflection

-0.5

0.5

0
-1

TE
D

0
-1

0.5

-0.5

0.5

Figure 4b: Size effect on the dimensionless deflection curve of FG circular microplates predicted by

AC
C

EP

MSGT and CT corresponding to various boundary conditions ( k = 1.2, = 6, = 0.5 )

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ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

(a) SS-SS
MSGT
MCST
CT

1
0.8

0.6
0.4

0.5

0.2

0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

(d) C-SS

(c) SS-C
2

M
AN
U

1
1.5

0.8
0.6

RI
PT

1.5
w

(b) C-C

SC

0.4

0.5

0.2

TE
D

0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

AC
C

EP

Figure 5: Effect inner-to-outer radius on the dimensionless deflection curve of FG annular microplates
with k = 1.2, h l = 3 and = 6 predicted by different plate models

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ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

(a) SS-SS

Pcr

5
4
3
2

0.5
2

4
6
Gradient index ( k )
(c) SS-C

3.5

2.5

4
6
Gradient index ( k )
(d) C-SS

M
AN
U

SC

RI
PT

h/l = 1
h/l = 1.5
h/l = 2
h/l = 4
CT

1.5

(b) C-C

Pcr

P cr

2.5
2

Pcr

1.5

1.5

1
0.5

0.5

4
6
Gradient index ( k )

TE
D

2
4
6
Gradient index ( k )

Figure 6: Effect of gradient index k on the dimensionless critical buckling load of FG annular microplates
by MSGT

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with = 0.5 and = 6 corresponding to different dimensionless length scale parameter ( h l ) predicted

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ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

(b) C-C

(a) SS-SS

0.5

1.6
Pcr

1.2

0.4
0.3

0.8

0.2

0.4

0.1
1 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Length scale (h/l)
(c) SS-C

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Length scale (h/l)
(d) C-SS

M
AN
U

1.2
1

0.8

0.8

Pcr

Pcr

12

RI
PT

0.6
Pcr

CT
MCST
MSGT

SC

0.7

0.6

0.6
0.4

0.4

0.2

0.2

TE
D

1 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Length scale (h/l)

1 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Length scale (h/l)

Figure7: Comparison of the dimensionless critical buckling load predicted by different plate models

AC
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EP

corresponding to various boundary conditions ( k = 1.2, = 6, = 0.5 )

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(a) SS-SS
= 0.01, pcr= 0.11138
= 0.1, pcr= 0.11482

2.5

= 0.1, pcr= 0.24889

= 0.3, pcr= 0.14525

= 0.3, pcr= 0.33281

1.5

= 0.5, pcr= 0.21885

= 0.7, pcr= 0.37284

0.5

0.5

0
0

0.2

0.4 0.6
(c) SS-C

0.8

= 0.01, pcr= 0.21604

2.5

= 0.1, pcr= 0.21594

= 0.3, pcr= 0.25157

= 0.7, pcr= 0.76038

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

(d) C-SS

= 0.01, pcr= 0.11371

= 0.1, pcr= 0.13466
= 0.3, pcr= 0.19524

3
2.5

= 0.5, pcr= 0.34204

1.5

= 0.7, pcr= 0.50879

= 0.5, pcr= 0.29867

1.5

= 0.7, pcr= 0.48892

0.5

0.5

0.2

0.4

TE
D

0
0

0
0

= 0.5, pcr= 0.46469

1.5

M
AN
U

= 0.01, pcr= 0.21932

RI
PT

2.5

(b) C-C

SC

0.6

0.8

0
0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

AC
C

EP

Figure 8: Effect inner-to-outer radius on the dimensionless critical buckling load and corresponding
mode shape of FG annular microplates with k = 1.2, h l = 4 and = 6 predicted by MSGT

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(b) C-C

(a) SS-SS

10

4
5
2
0

4
6
Gradient index ( k )
(c) SS-C

12

2
4
6
Gradient index ( k )
(d) C-SS

M
AN
U

10

RI
PT

15

SC

h/l = 1
h/l = 1.5
h/l = 2
h/l = 4
CT

10

8
6

6
4

4
2
4
6
Gradient index ( k )

TE
D

2
4
6
Gradient index ( k )

by MSGT

AC
C

EP

Figure 9: Effect of gradient index k on the dimensionless natural frequency of FG annular microplates
with = 0.5 and = 6 corresponding to different dimensionless length scale parameter ( h l ) predicted

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(a) SS-SS

4.5

3.5
3
2.5
2
12

7
6

3
4

6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Length scale (h/l)

TE
D

2
12

2
12

6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Length scale (h/l)

Figure 10: Comparison of the dimensionless natural frequency predicted by different plate models

EP

corresponding to various boundary conditions ( k = 1.2, = 6, = 0.5)

AC
C

6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Length scale (h/l)
(d) C-SS

M
AN
U

SC

(b) C-C

RI
PT

10
CT
9
MCST
8
MSGT
7
6
5
4
3
2
12
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Length scale (h/l)
(c) SS-C

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(a) SS-SS

0.01, = 0.9951
0.1, = 1.1117
0.3, = 1.6192
0.5, = 2.799
0.7, = 6.125

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

0
0

(c) SS-C

w
1

0.6

0.8

= 0.01, = 1.0224
= 0.1, = 1.2752
= 0.3, = 2.0208
= 0.5, = 3.4909
= 0.7, = 7.5402

0.2

0.4

TE
D

0
0

M
AN
U

= 0.01, = 1.4472
= 0.1, = 1.6187
= 0.3, = 2.2954
= 0.5, = 3.7661
= 0.7, = 7.8699

0.4

(d) C-SS

0.2

SC

0
0

= 0.01, = 1.4838
= 0.1, = 1.8179
= 0.3, = 2.7715
= 0.5, = 4.6241
= 0.7, = 9.9326

RI
PT

=
=
=
=
=

(b) C-C
3

0.6

0.8

0
0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

AC
C

EP

Figure 11: Effect inner-to-outer radius on the dimensionless natural frequency and corresponding mode
shape of FG annular microplates with k = 1.2, h l = 4 and = 6 predicted by MSGT

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Research Highlights:
A size-dependent model for FG circular/annular microplates is developed.

The bending, buckling and vibration of FG circular/annular microplates is investigated.

The effects of length scale parameter, material index, radius-to-thickness ratio and BCs are studied.

A comparison is made between the results of MSGT, MCST and CT.

The size effect is prominent when the plate thickness is comparable with its length scale parameter.

AC
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TE
D

M
AN
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SC

RI
PT