COMMUNICATION

CONFIDENCE

An Inside Look at Accent Modification

AN EYE-OPENING BOOK BY ACCENT ACE

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Dear Readers,
If you think like most global citizens, you know that English is
at the heart of international communication. Over the last 30
years, a tremendous number of people worldwide have been
studying English to increase their opportunities for professional
success. According to the British Council, the United
Kingdoms international organization for educational
opportunities and cultural relations, there have been as many
as 1 billion people studying English as a second language
since the year 2000.1 Yet, multi-national organizations feel the
pain of cross-cultural communication effectiveness. Service
providers are being employed to help increase the language
skills of the global workforce which leads to improved
reading, writing, vocabulary, grammar, and speaking and
listening.
This is important because we all know that without these
strong skills, we can get lost in the conversation. We need
industry-specific terms to help us in our conference calls; we
need a variety of grammatical structures in order to give
dynamic presentations; and we need high-level
comprehension skills to follow the nuances found in both social
and business dialogues.
In order to really succeed in business, however, second
language English speakers need more than the basic
competencies to compete. They need English skills that get
them understood. That means learning the accent. Having a
proficiency in the rhythm and intonation patterns of English
leads to a much more confident communicator which helps
lessen gaps of differences amongst cultures.

In this eBook, you will be introduced to the difference

between a pronunciation class that focuses on the
articulation of consonants and vowels and an accent
program that builds communication effectiveness. You will
identify key habits of successful language learners;
understand major setbacks for adult students; learn the role
music plays in your speaking success; get a glimpse at
market research related to your return on investment; and
be introduced to tips and tools that can lead you to
American English speaking skills that will set you apart
from the average non-native English speaker.
Thank you for downloading our eBook. I truly hope you
enjoy reading it as much as we enjoyed writing it.
Best regards,

Jill Diamond
President & Founder of ACCENT ACE SM

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Table of Contents
1.

Accent vs. Pronunciation

2.

The Glass Ceiling

3.

Top Five Setbacks in Adult Language Learning

4.

Habits of Highly Successful Language Learners

5.

How to Avoid Setbacks

6.

Key ACCENT ACE Concepts

7.

Music Lesson

11.

Accent Modification Tips

12.

Return on Investment

13.

Congratulations!

14.

Who We Are

15.

What We Offer

16.

About ACCENT ACE

17.

References

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There is a
confident
way to
speak
English.

2014 Accent Ace, Inc. 245 East 24th Street, Suite 17J, New York, New York, 10010. 212-206-3900. All rights reserved. No part of
this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means without written permission from Accent Ace, Inc.

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Accent vs. Pronunciation

Placing too much emphasis on how a word is articulated

can slow down language learning for beginners. However,
acquiring knowledge about intonation and rhythm patterns
at early stages can be quite beneficial. This is where the
difference between accent and pronunciation is key.

Pronunciation refers to the sounds and

enunciation of the language while accent
examines the rhythm, stress and intonation
patterns of words, phrases and ultimately
communication.
Spending too much time on pronunciation can
absolutely be frustrating and even boring. But,
applying the right amount of time to accent, the
musical elements of the language, can boost your
confidence and have native English speakers thinking
you are more fluent than you may actually be.
What is accent exactly? According to The New Oxford Dictionary, the sociolinguistic definition is A manner
of pronunciation specific to a particular individual, location,
or nation. Sometimes this kind of accent is referred to as
a dialect which includes idiomatic expressions, language
structure and pronunciation specific to a region. The
phonetic definition, however, refers to the prosody or
rhythm of a language. It also includes intonation.

When you focus your studies on the rhythm and

intonation of American English, you learn how the
language sounds, not just how it works. Native English
speakers know this intuitively because they are
surrounded by the music of their language from birth. They
hear it in the conversations around them and on the radio,
television, and social media sites that create the backdrop
of their environments. As pointed out by Maria-Josep Sol,
Professor of English Phonetics and Linguistics at the
Universitat Autnoma de Barcelona, Spain, As long as the
rhythm of your words is correct, for example by placing
the stress on the first syllable in the word manager instead
of the second, native speakers can more easily
understand your spoken English even with incorrectly
pronounced sounds. 2
Lets be clearpronunciation cannot be ignored.
However, it cannot be the focus of your accent
modification training if you are looking to be truly
effective in your English communication.

It is important to note that an accent

modification class should never aim to
eliminate your accent.Not only is it extremely
difficult to do, but it also strips you of your culture.
Learn the rhythm and intonation of American English
and you will gain the confidence you need to communicate
more broadly and clearly with your colleagues and
native-speaking friends.

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The Glass Ceiling

Imagine this

You have been living in the

United States for thirty years after emigrating from Russia. Or
China. Or Argentina. You've been working for a U.S.
multinational bank for most of your career. You've made it
somewhat up the ranks, but not as far as you know you can.
And the main reason you believe you hit the glass ceiling
was not because you were a woman or because you weren't
brilliant, but because of your accent. You weren't perceived
to be as capable of becoming the next Vice President as
Charlie was. He's from New Jersey. (And by the way,
Charlies got an accent too, but it's regional.)
The truth is, youre as capable as Charlie and perhaps
even more so. But, decision-makers who hold your career in
their hands may have some bias. It is unlikely that they know
that they do. However, research has shown that when
someone speaks with a foreign accent, it diminishes a level
of trust and believability.3 While you try to accept that your
accent makes you an outsider, it hurts just the same. And,
not just emotionally. It hurts your sense of recognition; it hurts
your feelings of respect; and it can hurt you monetarily.

Biases are real and we all need to understand how they

interfere with our inter-cultural communication. We have to
take steps to meet each other halfway. Americans can do that
by learning more about the languages of their non-native
English-speaking colleagues. They can begin to learn the
musical patterns of their language and understand how they
superimpose their native language rhythm and intonation onto
English. Non-native English speakers can take steps to build
their communication confidence and effectiveness through
accent training. Being proactive in these ways can build a
necessary bridge between cultures that, if un-built, will always
keep us in separate conversations.

For well-qualified non-native English speakers,

invisible barriers remain a fact of life. Many
people perceive non-native speakers as less
politically skilled than others and therefore
lacking the influence needed to be successful
leaders or advocates. Harvard Business Review

Magazine 4

Without shifting the paradigm of how foreign nationals are seen by native English speakers,
all second language English speakers will continue to face an uphill battle
in their quest to achieve professional success.

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Top Five Setbacks in Adult Language Learning

Motivation
"Why am I
doing this?"
Frustration
"I still have
trouble being
understood."

Time
"I don't have
any to spare."

Native
Language
"It all seems
backwards to me."
WARNING: When adopting a new skill, it is easy to feel
like you are getting worse before you get betterthe
one step forward, two steps back syndrome. Making
improvements to your accent may cause you to hesitate
before you speak. Thats ok. In fact, it is good. If you
didnt have a new awareness, you probably wouldnt be
manifesting change. Two steps backwards will never
mean you can't attain three steps forward.

Support
"No one I know is
taking this class."

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10 Habits of Highly Successful Language Learners

San Francisco-based technology company is a multinational organization that designs,
manufactures, and sells networking equipment. With sales representatives all over the world, they
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sought out the expertise of ACCENT ACE to increase their international business
communication. Working in groups of 12 learners and two instructors, we were able to shift
hundreds of professionals thinking about English to include accent skill as a key
communication attribute. Having worked with them since 2002, we continually train new
participants with both our traditional and online courses.
1. Seize the day: Learn every day. You must take
responsibility for your own learning. Dont shy away from
small talk and daily conversations with colleagues and
native English-speaking friends. Ask for feedback from
someone you trust today.
2. Get creative to stay motivated: Music that we perceive as
pleasurable releases dopamine into our system. 5 That
means we are going to feel happy and motivated. Music
has been linked to successful language learning and more
importantly can help with your accent.
3. Read, read and read some more: Read in English to
identify vocabulary that is either new or that you dont know
how to pronounce. Say the challenging words out loud and
start a list of the ones you want to improve. Try this link for
reading material: www.voanews.com.
4. Record new vocabulary: Make it a habit to record and
listen to the vocabulary words that you want to remember.
You can write a simple sentence next to the word to help you
remember the meaning in context. Your brain will easily recall
it once it understands how to use it. 6

5. Be fearless: Easier said than done, right?! As children

we learn from our mistakes. As adults we need to
remember that we learn from our mistakes. Dont shy
away from saying what you need to say even if it
doesnt come out perfectly. Use your charm and
courage to make up for your imperfections.

6. Use technology: You can listen to the pronunciation of

a word so easily today. Just go to www.dictionary.com. Or
try some of the great language apps out there while you are on
the train. One of our favorites is Duolingo.

7. Set realistic goals: Make sure your goals are measurable, simple
and effective. For example, once a week, listen to a podcast in
English on a subject that interests you or agree to head your next
department meeting. Whatever it is, make sure its something you
will commit to with little effort.
8. Measure progress: Set benchmarks that you can check off as
you go. Write one hard-to-pronounce word a day on a Post-It Note
and put it on your computer. Use the word at least three times. A
habit like this will help you stay on track.
9. Match your learning environment to your learning style: Use and
engage in what works for you. Anything else can be counterproductive. And if you dont know what kind of learner you
are, click here to find out.
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10. Pat yourself on the back: Happy with the way you performed in
class? Celebrate it with a night out with friends! Listen to a record!
Go dancing! Acknowledge your progress!

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How to Avoid Setbacks

Setback

Habit of Highly Successful Language Learners refer to page 4

Time:
I dont have any to spare.

Remember to set realistic goals (#7) and spend just 5 minutes a day reviewing
what youve learned.

Frustration:
I still have trouble being understood.

Read and record new vocabulary (#4) in order to identify one aspect of your
language that needs improvement.

Motivation:
Why am I doing this?

Do you like music? (#2) Find the lyrics to your favorite tune and sing along. It
might not feel like studying.

Native Language:
It all seems backwards to me.

If you dont already know the primary differences between your language
and English, use technology (#6) to learn what they are. Here is a site where
you can learn.

Support:
No one I know is taking this class.

Find an online forum of language learners or go on your company's social

media platform and make it a priority to engage in conversations regularly (#6).

Whatever you do, remember why you started your communication initiative. It can mean the difference
between perseverance and giving up on your new skills.

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Key ACCENT ACE Concepts

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Sound: Articulation is a very important component of having a good

American accent. Make sure you learn how to pronounce the vowel
sounds correctly and apply them to stressed syllables. Then, you can
move onto the consonants.
Syllable: Rhythm plays one of the most important roles in using an
accent well. Be sure to learn the number of syllables and stressed
syllables in order to speak accurately. It will affect how native speakers
comprehend you.
Word: Emphasis of words within a sentence or phrase are so crucial to
the rhythm of a language. In fact, native speakers can more easily
correct your pronunciation errors as long as you speak with the right
rhythm. Know which words get emphasized and which get deemphasized.
Sentence: Intonation is at the heart of saying a sentence proficiently. It
is the second most important element of accent after rhythm. There are
five sentence types in English and knowing the melody of each will help
you sound more native-like in your speech (see page 10 for more).
Thought Chunk: Pausing and rate of speech are the easiest and
quickest way to adjust your spoken English. Think of this as the
punctuation in your speech and start adding confidence to your voice.
Flow: Native English speakers have many ways of connecting their
words and creating fluency. Contractions and reductions are just two
techniques we use to create flow and draw our listeners attention
towards the key words.
L2 Communication: There is both prepared and spontaneous speech.
Both require confidence. Understanding and using the ACCENT ACE SM
concepts correctly can help you achieve communication effectiveness.

SOUND

FLOW

SYLLABLE

L2*
COMMUNICATION

WORD

*Second Language.

THOUGHT
CHUNK

SENTENCE

Communication is at the core of your accent training.

SM
All of the ACCENT ACE concepts support your
communication.

Three speaking concepts every non-native English

speaker struggles with:
1. The rising tone on statements
2. The stressed syllable in words
3. The speed of speech

66

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Music Lesson

From a developmental perspective,

we argue that music comes first
and language arises
from music.
7

Anthony Brandt

A U.S. based financial institution with a large global

presence has been contracting ACCENT ACE SM since
1999 to assist their high potentials with their language
skills. Correct use of rhythm and intonation patterns of
English has increased their communication effectiveness
across geographical regions.

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Rhythm
Music is comprised of notes that create its rhythm. Notes have different values but the four
basic notes for our purpose are:

Every language has its

unique musical patterns
that make up its accent.
The three main musical
components for the
purpose of accent training
are:

Rhythm
Melody
Pausing
To help you understand
the correlation between
music and language,
listen to popular songs to
practice the elements you
will learn in this brief
music lesson.

The Whole Note | The Half Note | The Quarter Note | The Eighth Note

The whole note is held for four counts. The half note is held for two. The quarter note is held for
one, and the eighth note is held for half a count. We can apply these note values to our speech by
the length of time we hold a syllable in a word. Stressed syllables get a longer value. Unstressed
syllables a shorter value. We dont use the four musical notes as precisely in speech as we do in
music, but we certainly could if we wanted to. It is best to think of half a beat (the eighth note) for
unstressed syllables and one beat (the quarter note) for stressed syllables. Here is a musical
notation of the word manager:

Ma na ger

When teaching the rhythm of English, we use simple dashes and dots to indicate the stressed
versus unstressed syllables. The first syllable of the word manager is long and the last two are
short. We can illustrate that like this:

Ma na ger

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Melody
After rhythm, comes melody. In music we have the scales
and keys. Each scale has eight notes. Every scale
represents a key. Some keys sound joyful while others are
melancholic. We will just concern ourselves with the most
neutral sounding keyC Major. Lets have a look at the eight
notes that comprise its scale:
C major key scale

When most people speak, they use about four notes with
their voice. However, it is important to say that a dynamic
speaker will emphasize words by using as many as eight
notes. In accent training, you learn to step up and down a
scale, skipping over notes; or you learn how to glide through
notes, intoning each note as you move up or down the scale.
For example, statements have a melody that steps up on the
focus word and glides down on the same word to end the
statement in the affirmative. YES/NO questions on the other
hand, have an upward, gliding inflection at the end of the
sentence to let others know you have asked a question. By
using melody correctly in your speech, you begin to indicate
the correct intonation patterns of words and sentences.

Try this exercise to practice the use of scales.

A Connecticut based pharmaceutical company with a rich team of

international scientists consistently contacts ACCENT ACE SM
to help their teams increase their communication skills in both
private and group settings. Working with clinical minds,
ACCENT ACE SM has been able to successfully transmit the
critical musical components of accent that allow for these
scientists to move beyond the lab and into public speaking roles.

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Pause
Finally, we have the pause or rest
note, as we say in musical terms.
Pauses are essential to clear
messaging. They communicate the
punctuation in our sentences. Lets
look at the musical rest notes and
show you how they are used in your
speech.

The Whole Note Rest | The Half Note Rest | The Quarter Note Rest
(Four counts of silence)

(Two counts of silence)

(One count of silence)

If the musician rushes through any of the rests, there is the potential to create chaos amongst the other musicians. The silent
notes are part of the composition. They are never overlooked. The same has to be true in our speech. Pausing indicates confidence
and helps both the speaker and the listener to concentrate. See how the quarter note rest is used after a comma and the half note
rest is used after the period:

When the manager got to the meeting, the presentation had already begun.
One slash (/) equals one count of silence, two slashes (//) represent two counts of silence and three slashes (///) can indicate three
or more counts of silence. See how they are simply used here:

When the manager got to the meeting, / the presentation had already begun. //
We dont need to take our musical lesson any further in order for you to start to
apply these simple terms to your American English. In fact, we can summarize
For more information about the relationship between
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what youve just learned like this: Indicate your stressed syllables and words by
music and accent, read some ACCENT ACE
making them longer. Use rising and falling tone appropriately by knowing the
blogposts:
five sentence types in English. (See this YouTube video to learn them.) And,
pause long enough between words and sentences in order to communiRhythm Is The Heart of Language Duck, Duck, Duck, Goose
cate your thoughts clearly. Think about yourself as the conductor of an orchesFinish That Thought Morse Code
tra and let music influence the way you speak American English.

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Accent Modification Tips

Three Steps to Improving Your

Accent
Learn the foundational accent concepts behind
effective American English communication.

Create a practice consisting of 1-3 minute daily

exercises; 5-10 minute weekly exercises; and 30-60
minute monthly exercises.

Mimic native speakers on the radio, television and

Internet sites like Ted, Voice of America and
American Rhetoric.

How to Ask for Feedback from

Native Speakers
Join Toastmasters where people are there to
tell you what they think.

Four Tips for Slowing Down Your

Speech
Listen to your voice as you speak.
Remember to pause after key words.
Take a noticeable breath during each pause.

Lengthen key words to vary the rhythm of your speech.

Building a Support Group

Find like-minded peers who have similar communication
challenges as you.
Ask if theyd like to create a study group.
Set up weekly meetings.

Find an accent reduction Meetup Group in your city.

Choose a leader each meeting to send out an exercise and

then lead the group that week to explore specific best
practices in accent modification.

Sign up on a social media site for language learners.

Invite a native English speaker to join the group once a month.

Dont just study, socialize as a way to build trust and
momentum in the group.

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Return on Investment
According to a global report from
April 2012, almost half of executives,
of which 572 were surveyed, admit
that communication
misunderstandings and messages lost
in translation have stood in the way of
major international business deals
and resulted in significant losses for
their company.
The Economist Intelligence

Effective employee communication

is a leading indicator of financial
performance. Companies that are
highly effective communicators had
47 percent higher total returns to
shareholders compared with firms
that are the least effective
communicators." Tower Watson

A study in the Journal of

International Business Studies found
that negative attributions about task
competence based on language fluency
directly influencedteam members
judgments about each others
trustworthiness, thereby mediating
between language barriers and
perceptions of trustworthiness.
Journal of International Business Studies

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ROI

While blogging about the

importance of intercultural
communication training to the global
workforce, John Sinden Jr of the
Association for Talent Development
states, Communication is key since
subtle differences in language can have a
big impact on how negotiation messages
are given and received.
Association for Talent Development (ATD) 11

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Congratulations!
You made it through Communication Confidence: An Inside Look at Accent Modification.
For more information about the author and ACCENT ACE, continue onto the next pages.
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Who we are
Jill Diamond: Author
Jill has a background in performance, education and
business and has been working as an Accent
Modification and Communication Specialist since 1993.
Jills training as an actor and singer along with her
Masters in Education from Lesley University allows her to
deliver speaking tools with precision and a level of
creativity that has made her an expert facilitator and
leader in her field. Her aspiration to build communication
pathways between speakers of different languages has
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led her to create The ACCENT ACE Program. Jill
knows that mastering a second language is one thing
and that communicating in it is another.

Malena Agin: Contributor

Malena has been working in the field of applied linguistics
since graduating from the University of New Hampshire with
a Masters in Languages and Linguistics in 2005. She
specializes in dialects and phonology. Malena has worked
in a variety of capacities in the field ranging from translator
to teacher to business professional. Currently, she works as
the Head of Research and Development for Special
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Projects at ACCENT ACE. Being born in Argentina,
Malena brings her bilingual and bicultural knowhow to
everyday operations.

Designed!by: Leigh Roach

IDEAist Designs | www.ideaistdesigns.com

212.206.3900

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What We Offer
The ACCENT ACE Program
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The ACCENT ACE Program develops verbal confidence and vocal

presence in non-native English speakers by actively engaging them in
the rhythms and melodies of American English. Second language
speakers are introduced to necessary communication tools that directly
impact their efforts towards professional success. Different from a
pronunciation class, the primary focus of The ACCENT ACE SM Program
is on rhythm, intonation and pausing. This is precisely what can lead
speakers to dramatic results and communication confidence.
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Accentation

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All of the ACCENT ACE offerings are

available in a traditional classroom
setting as follows:
Private Classes
Group Classes
Workshops (half or whole day)
Company Lunch & Learns

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The Accentation program trains professionals in the skills necessary for strong
public speaking. It compliments our accent training by adding in the non-verbal
and organizational elements of communication. It is also available for native
English speakers.

The ACCENT ACE Program is also

available online in the following ways:

Accent Addition

Virtual Self-Study Basic (coming in 2015)

Native English speakers can increase their communication competency and

build an appreciation for their multi-cultural English speaking peers, by learning
the rhythm and intonation patterns they may superimpose onto their English
through this effective training.

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Blended Online Class

Virtual Self-Study Extended (coming in 2015)

Phone or Skype Coaching

The Confident Way To Speak English

Visit

Call
212.206.3900

Contact
info@accentace.com
212.206.3900

info@accentace.com

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About ACCENT ACE

SM

The Company

Our Act On It! Methodology

ACCENT ACE SM has a rich history as a language

and communication skills company. We first
opened in 1997 under the name Lemond
Language Consulting where we provided intensive
English immersion programs in New York City to
Japanese and French Professionals and traveled
all over Europe, India and South America to
deliver our accent modification program to groups.
In 2005, our original partners split and under the
direction of Jill Diamond, the New York City based
company became known as Lanartco. At that time,
Lanartco had developed its accent modification
train-the-trainer program and was engaged in
several corporate contracts that expanded our
foreign language instruction and translation &
interpreting divisions. 2009 brought new and
exciting opportunities to the company with online
learning complimenting traditional in-person
training. In order to keep up with the educational
trends, we did two things: Expanded our delivery
formats into the virtual environment and
streamlined our offerings to focus on
communication skills training for non-native
English speakers. We proudly offer our accent
modification class, The ACCENT ACE SM Program,
and our presentation skills course, Accentation SM ,
to corporations and the public under the name
ACCENT ACE SM .

The Act On It! SM methodology highlights communication as

performance. By learning to value communication as an art form,
learners begin to understand the stage, rehearsal and practice as key
components to their effective speech. Confidence, enthusiasm, and
improvisation are just some of the elements that get placed into their
communication toolbox. By joining the ACCENT ACESM dynamic learning
environment, participants engage in a demonstrative approach that
results in creating and conveying meaningful communication.

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Recognition
ACCENT ACESM is certified by the Womens Business Enterprise
National Council (WBENC) which is the largest third-party certifier of
businesses owned, controlled, and operated by women in the United
States. ACCENT ACE SM is also certified as a woman-owned business by
the city and state of New York. Jill Diamond is actively involved with The
Women Presidents Educational Organization (WPEO) where in 2008,
she led the company in being recognized with the WBE Leadership
Award as having created the most Done Deals with corporations in the
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New York region. ACCENT ACE (while under the name Lanartco) was
a runner up in the Count Me In: Make Mine a Million competition in
2006.

212.206.3900

info@accentace.com

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References

British Council. Frequently Asked Questions About The English Language. Retrieved from http://www.britishcouncil.org/learningfaq-the-english-language.htm

Sol Sabater, Maria-Josep (1991). Stress and Rhythm in English. Revista Alicantina de Estudios Ingleses 4 (1991): 145-62.
Universidad Autnoma de Barcelona. Retrieved from http://rua.ua.es/dspace/bitstream/10045/5496/1/RAEI_04_13.pdf

Lev-Ari, Shiri & Keysar, Boaz . Why Don't We Believe Non-Native Speakers? The Influence Of Accent On Credibility. Journal of
Experimental Social Psychology 46 (2010) 10931096. Retrieved from http://psychology.uchicago.edu/people/faculty/LevAriKeysar.pdf

Huang, L. Frideger, M., & Pearce, Jone L. (2014, June). How Non-Native Speakers Can Crack the Glass Ceiling. Harvard
Business Review, The Magazine. Retrieved from http://hbr.org/2014/06/how-non-native-speakers-can-crack-the-glass-ceiling/ar/1

Zatorre, Robert J. & Salimpoor, Valerie N. (June 2013). Why Music Makes Our Brain Sing. The New York Times Sunday
Review. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/09/opinion/sunday/why-music-makes-our-brain-sing.html?_r=0

Yongqi Gu, Peter. (2003) Vocabulary Learning in a Second Language: Person, Task, Context and Strategies. TESL-EJ, volume 7, Number
2. Retrieved from http://www.tesl-ej.org/wordpress/issues/volume7/ej26/ej26a4/

Brandt, A., Gebrian, M. & Slevc , L. Robert. (2012) Music and Early Language Acquisition. Frontiers in Auditory Cognitive Neuroscience
11. Retrieved from http://www.neurosciencenews.com/theory-music-underlies-language-acquisition/

A report from the Economist Intelligence Unit. (April 2012). Competing Across Borders: How cultural and communication
barriers affect business. Retrieved from http://www.ef.com.br/competing-across-borders/

Towers Watson. (2009/2010). Capitalizing on Effective Communication: How Courage, Innovation and Discipline Drive Business
Results in Challenging Times. Retrieved from http://www.towerswatson.com/en-US/Insights/IC-Types/Survey-ResearchResults/2009/12/ 20092010-Communication-ROI-Study-Report-Capitalizing-on-Effective-Communication

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Tenzer, H., Pudelko, M., & Harzing, Anne-Wil. (2014). The Impact of Language Barriers on Trust Formation in Multinational
Teams. Journal of International Business Studies, 45, 508-535. Retrieved from http://www.harzing.com/download/mnt.pdf

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Sinden, John. 2014, July 9th. The Importance of Intercultural Communication Training to the Global Workforce. Retrieved from
http://www.astd.org/Publications/Blogs/Global-HRD-Blog/2014/07/The-Importance-of-Intercultural-Communication-Training-to-the-GlobalW orkforceblog-Article?mktcops=c.global-hrd&mktcois=c.training-for-multiple-cultures~c.training-and-development~c.coaching~c.globalworkf orce-development
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