Emma Kerr VCE Physics Unit 4 Electric Power

Magnetism:

Faradays Law:
-

The EMF generated in a loop is

proportional to the rate of change of
magnetic flux
- Gives the magnitude of induced
emf/current
Lenzs
Law:
- The direction of the induced current
is such that its magnetic field is in
the opposite direction to the change
in magnetic flux
- Gives the direction of induced
emf/current
Parallel
Wires:
- Currents in the same direction will
attract and currents in the opposite
direction will repel

Electromagnetic Induction:
-

Magnetic flux (Wb or Tm-2) is a

measure of the amount of magnetic
field passing through an area

=B A cos ( )
= angle between the normal to
the coil and the magnetic field lines
EMF is induced when there is a
change in magnetic flux

AC/DC Generator:
-

Converts kinetic energy to electrical

energy (motion to current)
- When the coil is parallel to the
magnetic field, the rate of change of
flux is maximum
- DC split ring, AC slip-ring
commutator
Motors:
- Converts electrical energy to kinetic
energy (current to motion)
DC Motors:
- Magnets provide a magnetic field,
which acts upon a current carrying
coil, causing the coil to rotate. As the
coil rotates, a split-ring commutator
reverses the direction of current
every half-turn. This allows
continuous rotation in one direction
AC Motors:
- Split ring (1 ring) is replaced by a
slip-ring (2 rings).

Producing a
Larger EMF:
-

Increasing the
number of
turns
Increasing the
magnetic field
strength
Increasing the
area of each
coil
Decreasing the
time for one
turn

Magnetic Force:
-

The EMF
graph is the
negative
gradient
function of
the flux
time graph

V p p=2 V peak
-

V RMS =

V peak
2

Force on wire is proportional to magnetic field strength,

current in wire, length of wire and number of wires
Only the perpendicular component of magnetic field
causes a force
The Right Hang Palm Rule: fingers point in the direction
of the magnetic field, thumb points in the direction of
current and palm points in the direction of force

F=n B I l
Transformers:
V p Is N p
= =
V s Ip Ns

F=B q v

Step-up transformer:

Step-down transformer:

AC in primary coil; changing magnetic field created

(goes through the iron core); changing magnetic flux in
secondary coil; induced current/voltage
DC cant be transformed if current has a constant
rate; no change in flux; no induce current/voltage

Ns> N p

I s<Ip

Ns< N p

V s >V p

I s>Ip

V s <V p

Losing Energy:
-

When electricity is transmitted over long distances,

there will be a power loss and voltage drop
To reduce resistance: thicker, shorter, better quality
Power loss is reduced by decreasing the current
(increasing the voltage). Therefore a step-up
transformer is used, and then a step-down transformer
is applied at the end of the line

P=V I
Induced EMF:
-

Flux
time/EMF:
-

A magnetic field is the area around a magnet or

current-carrying wire where magnetic forces can be felt
The Right Hand Grip Rule: fingers point in the direction
of the magnetic field and thumb points in the direction
of current
Magnetic field lines are from North to South
A solenoid is a coil of wire wound into a cylindrical
shape
Out of page
Into
page

Ploss=I R

An emf is induced in a coil when the amount of

magnetic flux passing through the coil changes. The
size of the emf depends on how quickly the amount of
flux changes

=n

B A A No magnetic flux
period
=
=B l v
t=
B Magnet approaches coil
t
t
4
C Increase in magnetic flux
from left to right
D Induced magnetic field will
oppose change in flux
E Induced current/voltage
generated from induced
magnetic field