EKOR ORMAZABAL Manual

IG-159-GB
General Instructions
version 07
ekorRP
PROTECTION, METERING AND
CONTROL UNITS
LIB
20.09.2012
Transformer
Substations
Secondary Distribution
Switchgear
Primary Distribution
Switchgear
Protection and
Automation
Low Voltage
Boards
Distribution
Transformers
Legal Deposit: 1457/2012
CAUTION!
When MV equipment is operating, certain components are live, other parts may be in movement and some may reach high
temperatures. Therefore, the use of this equipment poses electrical, mechanical and thermal risks.
In order to ensure an acceptable level of protection for people and property, and in compliance with applicable environmental
recommendations, Ormazabal designs and manufactures its products according to the principle of integrated safety, based on
the following criteria:
Elimination of hazards wherever possible.
Where elimination of hazards is neither technically nor economically feasible, appropriate protection functions are
incorporated in the equipment.
Communication about remaining risks to facilitate the design of operating procedures which prevent such risks,
training for the personnel in charge of the equipment, and the use of suitable personal protection equipment.
Use of recyclable materials and establishment of procedures for the disposal of equipment and components so
that once the end of their service lives is reached, they are duly processed in accordance, as far as possible, with
the environmental restrictions established by the competent authorities.
Consequently, the equipment to which the present manual refers complies with the requirements of section 11.2 of the
forthcoming IEC standard 62271-1. It must therefore only be operated by appropriately qualified and supervised personnel, in
accordance with the requirements of standard EN 50110-1 on the safety of electrical installations and standard EN 50110-2 on
activities in or near electrical installations. Personnel must be fully familiar with the instructions and warnings contained in this
manual and in other recommendations of a more general nature which are applicable to the situation according to current
legislation.
The above must be carefully observed, as the correct and safe operation of this equipment depends not only on its design but
also on general circumstances which are in general beyond the control and responsibility of the manufacturer. More specifically:
The equipment must be handled and transported appropriately from the factory to the place of installation.
All intermediate storage should occur in conditions which do not alter or damage the characteristics of the
equipment or its essential components.
Service conditions must be compatible with the equipment rating.
The equipment must be operated strictly in accordance with the instructions given in the manual, and the
applicable operating and safety principles must be clearly understood.
Maintenance should be performed properly, taking into account the actual service and environmental conditions
in the place of installation.
The manufacturer declines all liability for any significant indirect damages resulting from violation of the guarantee, under any
jurisdiction, including loss of income, stoppages and costs resulting from repair or replacement of parts.
Guarantee
The manufacturer guarantees this product against any defect in materials and operation during the contractual period. In the
event that defects are detected, the manufacturer may opt either to repair or replace the equipment. Improper handling of this
equipment and its repair by the user shall constitute a violation of the guarantee.
Registered Trademarks and Copyrights
All registered trademarks cited in this document are the property of their respective owners. The intellectual property of this
manual belongs to the manufacturer.
In view of the constant evolution in standards and design, the characteristics of the elements contained in this manual are
subject to change without prior notification.
The validity of these characteristics, as well as the availability of components, are subject to confirmation by Ormazabals Technical
- Commercial Department.
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GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR

ekorRP
PROTECTION, METERING AND CONTROL UNITS
CONTENTS
1.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................ 5

1.1. GENERAL FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS ......................................................... 6
1.2. PARTS OF THE UNIT.................................................................................................. 7
1.3. COMMUNICATIONS AND PROGRAMMING SOFTWARE ....................................... 11
2.
APPLICATIONS .......................................................................................................... 13
2.1. TRANSFORMER PROTECTION ............................................................................... 13
2.2. GENERAL PROTECTION ......................................................................................... 14
2.3. LINE PROTECTION................................................................................................... 15
3.
PROTECTION FUNCTIONS ....................................................................................... 16

3.1. OVERCURRENT ....................................................................................................... 16
3.2. THERMOMETER (EXTERNAL TRIP) ....................................................................... 19
3.3. EARTH ULTRASENSITIVE DEVICE ......................................................................... 19
4.
METERING FUNCTIONS ............................................................................................ 21

4.1. CURRENT.................................................................................................................. 21
5.
SENSORS ................................................................................................................... 21
5.1. CURRENT SENSORS ............................................................................................... 21
6.
TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS ............................................................................. 26

6.1. RATED VALUES ........................................................................................................ 26
6.2. MECHANICAL DESIGN ............................................................................................. 26
6.3. INSULATION TESTS ................................................................................................. 26
6.4. ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY ................................................................... 26
6.5. CLIMATIC TESTS ...................................................................................................... 27
6.6. MECHANICAL TESTS ............................................................................................... 27
6.7. POWER TESTS ......................................................................................................... 27
6.8. CE CONFORMITY ..................................................................................................... 27
7.
PROTECTION, METERING AND CONTROL MODELS ............................................ 28

7.1. DESCRIPTION OF MODELS vs. FUNCTIONS ......................................................... 28
7.2. RELAY CONFIGURATOR ......................................................................................... 30
7.3. ekorRPT UNITS ......................................................................................................... 31
7.4. ekorRPG UNITS......................................................................................................... 42
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8.
SETTING AND HANDLING MENUS ........................................................................... 51

8.1. KEYPAD AND ALPHANUMERIC DISPLAY .............................................................. 51
8.2. DISPLAY .................................................................................................................... 52
8.3. PARAMETER SETTING ............................................................................................ 54
8.4. TRIP RECOGNITION ................................................................................................. 59
8.5. ERROR CODES ......................................................................................................... 60
8.6. MENU MAP (QUICK ACCESS) ................................................................................. 61
9.
MODBUS PROTOCOL FOR ekorRP RANGE UNITS ................................................ 64

9.1. READ / WRITE FUNCTIONS ..................................................................................... 65
9.2. PASSWORD-PROTECTED REGISTER WRITING ................................................... 66
9.3. CRC GENERATION ................................................................................................... 66
9.4. REGISTER MAP ........................................................................................................ 67
10.
ANNEX A ..................................................................................................................... 71
11.
ANNEX B ..................................................................................................................... 77
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1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The ekorRP range of protection, metering and control units brings together an entire family
of different equipment, which depending on the model, may incorporate protection functions
as well as other functions such as local control, remote control, electrical parameter
metering, automation, etc., related to the current and future automation, control and
protection needs of Transformer and Switching Substations.
Its use in Ormazabals CGMCOSMOS, CGM-CGC and CGM.3 cubicle systems allows the
configuration of customised products for meeting the diverse needs of the different
installations.
The ekorRP protection, metering and control units have been designed to meet the national
and international standard requirements and recommendations that are applied to each of
the parts that make up the unit:
EN 60255, EN 61000, EN 62271-200, EN 60068,
EN 60044, IEC 60255, IEC 61000, IEC 62271-200, IEC 60068, IEC 60044
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Designed to be integrated in a cubicle, the ekorRP units also provide the following
advantages over conventional devices:
Reduction in handling of interconnections when installing the cubicle. The only
connection required is limited to MV cables.
Minimisation of the need to install control boxes on the cubicles.
Avoidance of wiring and installation errors; minimisation of commissioning time.
All the units are factory installed, adjusted and checked; each piece of equipment (relay
+ control + sensors) also undergoes a comprehensive check before being installed.
The final unit tests are carried out once the unit is incorporated in the cubicle before
delivery.
They protect a broad power range with the same model (e.g.: ekorRPG from 160 kVA
up to 15 MVA, in CGMCOSMOS system cubicles).
1.1. GENERAL FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS

All the relays of the ekorRP units include a microprocessor for
processing the signals from the metering sensors. They
process current metering by eradicating the influence of
transient phenomena and calculate the magnitudes needed for
to carry out protection functions. In addition, the efficient
electrical metering values, which provide the instantaneous
value of these installation parameters, are determined.
They are equipped with keypad for local display, setup and
operation of the unit, as well as communication ports to handle
these functions from a computer, whether locally or remotely.
A user-friendly design has been employed, so that the use of
the various menus is intuitive.
The current is measured by means of several current sensors
with a high transformation ratio, making it possible for the
same equipment to detect a wide range of power levels.
These transformers or current sensors maintain the accuracy
class in all of their rated range.
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The unit contains an events log where all of the latest trips made by the protection functions
are registered. In addition, the total number of operations is saved as well as the unit's
settings parameters. The local interface uses menus to provide the instantaneous values of
the current metering for each phase and zero-sequence current, as well as the setting
parameters, trip motives, etc. They can also be accessed via the communication ports.
From a maintenance perspective, the ekorRP units have a series of features that reduce the
time and the possibility of errors in the test and service restoration tasks. The main features
include some toroidal-core current transformers with larger diameters and test connections;
accessible and disconnectable terminal blocks for tests using current injection; and built-in
test contacts, even in the basic models.
1.2. PARTS OF THE UNIT

The parts that form the ekorRP protection, metering and control unit include the electronic
relay, current sensors, power supply and test board, selfpowered toruses (only for
selfpowered models) and the bistable trigger.
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Figure 1.2: Example of ekorRPT unit installation in fused protection cubicles
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1.2.1. Electronic Relay

The electronic relay has keys and a display to set and view
the protection, metering and control parameters. It includes
a seal on the SET key to ensure that once the settings
have been made they cannot be changed unless the seal is
broken.
The protection trips are registered on the display with the
following parameters: reason for tripping, fault current
value, tripping time and the time and date the event
occurred. Errors in the unit, such as a switch failure,
incorrect thermometer connection, low battery, etc., are
also shown permanently.
The 'On' LED is activated when the equipment receives
power from an external source or the self-powered
transformers. In this situation, the unit is operational to
perform the protection functions. If the 'On' LED is not
activated, only the unit's parameters can be viewed and/or
adjusted (function exclusively assigned to the relay's internal battery).
The current analog signals are conditioned internally by small and very accurate
transformers that isolate the electronic circuits from the rest of the installation.
The equipment has two communication ports, one on the front used for local configuration
(RS232), and another one on the rear used for remote control (RS485). The standard
communication protocol for all models is MODBUS. Others may be used depending on the
application.
1.2.2. Current Sensors

The current sensors are toroidal-core current
transformers with a 300/1 A or 1000/1 A ratio,
depending on the models. Their range of action is the
same as the switchgear where they are installed. They
are factory-installed in the cubicle bushings, which
significantly simplifies the on-site assembly and
connection. This way, once the MV cables are
connected to the cubicle, the installation protection is
operational. There are no sensor installation errors,
due to earthing grids, polarities, etc. since they are
previously installed and tested at the factory.
Current
sensors
Bushing
The inner diameter of the toroidal-core current

transformers is 82 mm, which means they can be used
in cables of up to 400 mm2 without any problems for performing maintenance testing
afterwards.
If the equipment is selfpowered, the toroidal transformers are equipped with some anchorage
points to place them in the same area as the metering transformers, thus forming a single,
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compact block. These transformers supply 1 W when the primary current is 5 A. This power
is enough to allow the units to function correctly.
All the current sensors have an integrated protection against the opening of secondary
circuits, which prevents overvoltages.
1.2.3. Power Supply and Test Board

The selfpowered equipment's power supply board prepares the selfpowered
transformers' signal and converts it into a DC signal to safely power the equipment. The
transformers permanently feed power from 5 to 630 primary amps to the board.
It also has a 230 Vac input with 10 kV level of insulation. This input is for direct connection to
the Transformer Substation's LVB.
The power supply board of models with auxiliary power supply has an input for
connecting both the AC (24 to 110 Vac) and DC (24 to 125 Vdc) power supply. The board
prepares the signal, converting it into a DC signal
suitable for safely powering the equipment.
Furthermore, both types of board have a built-in
protection trip test circuit as well as connectors for
carrying out current injection functional tests during
maintenance and checking operations. The units also
have a protection device for absorbing the excess
energy produced by the transformers when there are
short-circuits up to 20 kA.
1.2.4. Bistable trigger

The bistable trigger is an electromechanical actuator that is
integrated into the switch driving mechanism. This trigger
acts upon the switch when there is a protection trip. It is
characterised by the low actuation power it requires for
tripping. This energy is received in the form of pulses
lasting 50 ms and with an amplitude of 12 V. When there is
a fault, these pulses are repeated every 400 ms to ensure
that the switch opens.
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1.3. COMMUNICATIONS AND PROGRAMMING SOFTWARE

All the ekorRP units have two serial communication ports. The standard RS232 front port is
used to set the local parameters with the ekorSOFT program[1]. At the rear, there is an
RS485 port which is used for remote control.
The standard communication protocol implemented in all equipment is MODBUS-RTU
(binary) transmission mode, although other specific protocols can be implemented depending
on the application. This protocol has the advantage of greater information density than other
modes, resulting in a higher transmission rate for the same communication speed. Each
message must be transmitted as a continuous string and the silences are used to detect the
end of the message.
[1]
For more information about the ekorSOFT program, consult Ormazabals IG-155 document.
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The ekorSOFT setup program has three main operating modes:

Display: indicates the unit status, including electrical
measurements, current settings, date and time.
User Settings: protection parameter change is enabled.
Event Log: the parameters of the final and penultimate
trip are shown as well as the total number of trips made
by the protection unit.
Minimum system requirements for installing and using the
ekorSOFT software:
Processor: Pentium II
RAM: 32 Mb
Operating System: MS WINDOWS
CD-ROM / DVD
RS-232 serial port
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2. APPLICATIONS
2.1. TRANSFORMER PROTECTION
The distribution transformers require various
protection
functions.
Their
selection
depends primarily on the power and level of
responsibility they have in the installation.
As an example, the protection functions that
must be implemented to protect distribution
transformers with a power rating between
160 kVA and 2 MVA are the following:
50
Instantaneous
phase
overcurrent. Protects against shortcircuits between phases in the primary
circuit, or high value short-circuit
currents between phases on the
secondary side. This function is
performed by the fuses when the
protection cubicle does not include a
circuit-breaker.
51 Phase overload. Protects
against excessive overloads, which
can deteriorate the transformer, or
against short-circuits in several turns
of the primary windings.
50N Instantaneous earth fault. Protects
against phase to earth short-circuits or
secondary winding short-circuits, from the
primary interconnections and windings.
51N Earth Leakage. Protects against highly
resistive faults from the primary to earth or to
the secondary.
49T Thermometer. Protects
excessive transformer temperature.
against
Protection units that include the above mentioned

functions:
Unit
ekorRPT
ekorRPG
System
CGMCOSMOS
Systems
CGM-CGC / CGM.3
Type of cubicle
Fuse-combination
switch
Power ranges to protect
50 kVA...2000 kVA
50 kVA...1250 kVA
Circuit-breaker
50 kVA...15 MVA
50 kVA...25 MVA
See tables 7.3.2 and 7.4.2
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2.2. GENERAL PROTECTION

The client supply installations require general
protection to ensure that an installation is
disconnected from the rest of the network in the
event of a fault. In this way, the Utility's supply
line will remain energised and other clients will
remain unaffected. It also protects the client's
installation by disconnecting it from the power
source in the event of a fault.
In this type of protection, all the faults detected
in the substation's main circuit breaker should
be simultaneously detected in the transformer
substations so that they can be cleared before
the line trips (protection selectivity).
50 Instantaneous phase overcurrent. Protects against short-circuits between
phases.
51 Phase overload. Protects against excessive overloads, which can deteriorate the
installation. It is also used as a limiting device to control the supply's maximum power.
50N Instantaneous earth fault. Protects against phase-to-earth short-circuits.
51N Earth leakage. Protects against highly resistive faults between phase and earth.
The following protection units provide the above-mentioned functions:
System
CGMCOSMOS
Systems
CGM-CGC / CGM.3
Unit
ekorRPT
Type of cubicle
Fuse-combination switch

50 kVA...2000 kVA

50 kVA...1250 kVA
ekorRPG
Circuit-breaker
50 kVA...15 MVA
50 kVA...25 MVA
See tables 7.3.2 and 7.4.2
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2.3. LINE PROTECTION

The purpose of the line protection is to isolate this
part of the network in case of fault, without it
affecting the rest of the lines. Generally, it covers
any fault that originates between the Substation,
or Switching Substation, and the consumption
points.
The types of fault that occur in these areas of the
network primarily depend on the nature of the
line, overhead line or cable and the neutral used.
In networks with overhead lines, most faults are transitory. Hence, many line reclosings are
effective.
On the other hand, in case of phase-to-earth faults in overhead lines, when the ground
resistance is very high, the zero-sequence fault currents have a very low value In these
cases, an ultrasensitive neutral current detection is required.
The underground cables have earth coupling capacities, which causes the single phase
faults to include capacitive currents. This phenomenon makes detection difficult in isolated or
resonant earthed neutral networks and thus requires the use of the directional function.
Line protection is mainly accomplished by the following functions:
50 Instantaneous phase overcurrent. Protects against short-circuits between
phases.
51 Phase overload. Protects against excessive overloads, which can deteriorate the
installation.
50N Instantaneous earth fault. Protects against phase-to-earth short-circuits.
51N Earth leakage. Protects against highly resistive faults between phase and earth.
50Ns Ultrasensitive earth instantaneous overcurrent. Protects against phase to
earth short-circuits of very low value.
51Ns Ultrasensitive earth leakage protection. Protects against highly resistive
faults between phase and earth of very low value.
Unit that includes the above mentioned functions:
CGMCOSMOS / CGM-CGC / CGM.3 systems
Unit
ekorRPG
Type of cubicle
Circuit-breaker
Maximum rated current

630 A
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3. PROTECTION FUNCTIONS
3.1. OVERCURRENT
The units have an overcurrent function for each one of the phases (3 x 50-51) and,
depending on the model, they may have another one for earth (50N-51N). The implemented
protection curves are the ones listed in standard IEC 60255.
Overcurrent functions that can be performed depending on the model:
Overload multicurve protection for phases (51).
Protection of phase-to-earth multicurve faults (51N).
Short-circuit protection (instantaneous) at a defined time between phases (50).
Short-circuit protection (instantaneous) at a defined time between phase and earth
(50N).
Meaning of the curve parameters for phase settings:
t(s) Theoretical tripping time for a fault which evolves with a constant current value.
I Actual current flowing through the phase with the largest amplitude.
In
Rated setting current.
I> Withstand overload increment.
K Curve factor.
I>> Short-circuit current factor (instantaneous).
T>> Short-circuit delay time (instantaneous).
Pick-up current value of NI, VI, and EI curves = 1.1 x In x I>
Pick-up current value of DT curve = 1.0 x In x I>
Instantaneous pick-up current value = In x I> x I>>
In the case of earth settings, the parameters are similar to the phase settings. Each of
them is described below.
to(s) Theoretical tripping time for an earth fault which evolves with a constant
current value I0.
Io Actual current flowing to earth.
In Rated phase setting current.
Io> Withstand earth leakage factor (phase).
Ko Curve factor.
Io>> Short-circuit current factor (instantaneous).
To>> Short-circuit delay time (instantaneous).
Pick-up current value of NI, VI, and EI curves = 1,1 x In x Io>
Pick-up current value of DT curve = 1,0 x In x Io>
Instantaneous pick-up current value = In x Io> x Io>>
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3.2. THERMOMETER (EXTERNAL TRIP)

The equipment has an input for connecting volt-free contacts and tripping the switch. This
input is protected against erroneous connections (e.g. 230 Vac) showing an error code on the
display when this anomaly occurs.
The switch trips when the volt-free contact is
closed for at least 200 ms. This prevents
untimely tripping due to external disturbances.
External tripping protection is disabled when
all of the overcurrent protection functions are
disabled (for firmware version 18 or later).
In this situation, the relay will not trip the
switch but a flashing arrow will appear at the
top of the display screen to show that the
external trip contact is closed (see section
8.4).
The purpose of this function is to protect the
transformers' maximum temperature. The trip input is associated to contact of the
thermometer which measures the oil's temperature and when the maximum set value is
reached, its associated contact closes and the switch trips. Unlike conventional coils, it has
the advantage of not having low-voltage network connections with the consequent
overvoltages generated in the control circuits.
This trip input can also be associated to output contacts of remote control terminals, alarms
and auxiliary relays responsible for opening the switch.
3.3. EARTH ULTRASENSITIVE DEVICE

This protection corresponds to a particular type of
overcurrent protections. It is primarily used in
networks with isolated or resonant earthed neutral,
where the phase-to-earth fault current value
depends on the system cable capacity value and
on the point in which the fault occurs. Generally, in
Medium Voltage private installations with short
cable stretches, simply determine a minimum zerosequence current threshold at which the protection
must trip.
0-sequence
toroidal
transformer
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The current flowing to earth is detected using a toroidal-core current transformer which
covers the three phases. In this way, the metering is independent from the phase current,
thus avoiding errors in the phase metering transformers. In general, this type of protection
must be used when the set earth current is less than 10% of the rated phase current (for
example: for a rated phase current of 400 A with earth faults below 40 A).
On the other hand, in the lines, whose cable stretches are usually long, it is necessary to
identify the fault direction. Otherwise, trips can occur due to capacitive currents from other
lines, when there is not any fault in the line.
The available curves are: normally inverse (NI), very inverse (VI), extremely inverse (EI)
and defined time (DT).
The setting parameters are the same as in the earth faults of the overcurrent functions
(section 3.1 Overcurrent), with the exception that factor Io> is replaced with the value
directly in amps Ig. This way, this parameter can be set to very low earth current values,
regardless of the phase setting current.
Pick-up current value of NI, VI, and EI curves = 1.1x Ig
Pick-up current value of DT curve = Ig
Instantaneous pick-up current value = Ig x Io>>
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4. METERING FUNCTIONS
4.1. CURRENT
The current values measured by the ekorRP units
correspond to the efficient values of each of the
phases I1, I2 and I3. Eight samples from a halfperiod are used and the mean of five consecutive
values is calculated. This measurement is updated
every second. It offers Class 1 meter accuracy,
from 5 A up to 120% of the current sensors
maximum rated range. The zero-sequence current
measurement Io is performed in the same way as
the phase currents.
Current meters: I1, I2, I3 and Io
5. SENSORS
5.1. CURRENT SENSORS
The electronic current transformers are designed for
optimal adaptation to digital equipment technology,
with a slight modification of the secondary interface.
Therefore, the protection, metering and control
equipment for these sensors operate with the same
algorithms and with the same consistency as
conventional devices.
The low power outputs from the sensors can be
adapted to standard values using external amplifiers.
In this way, you can use conventional equipment or
electronic relays.
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Main advantages derived from the use of sensor based systems:

Small volume.The decreased power consumption of these transformers allows their
volume to be drastically reduced.
Improved accuracy. Signal acquisition is much more accurate due to high
transformation ratios.
Wide range. When there are power increases in the installation, the sensors do not
have to be replaced with ones having a greater ratio.
Greater safety. The open-air live parts disappear, increasing personnel safety.
Greater reliability. The full insulation of the whole installation provides greater levels
of protection against external agents.
Easy maintenance. The sensors do not need to be disconnected when the cable or
cubicle is being tested.
5.1.1. Functional Characteristics of Current Sensors

The current sensors are toroidal-core current transformers with a high transformation ratio
and low rated burden. These sensors are encapsulated in self-extinguishing polyurethane
resin.
Phase toroidal current transformers
Ratio
Metering range
Protection
Metering
Burden
Thermal current
Dynamic current
Saturation current
Frequency
Insulation
Outer diameter
Inner diameter
Height
Weight
Polarity
Encapsulation
Thermal class
Reference standard
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Range 5-100 A
300 / 1 A
5 A to 100 A Extd. 130%
5P20
Class 1
0,18 VA
20 kA
50 kA
7,800 A
50-60 Hz
0,72 / 3 kV
139 mm
82 mm
38 mm
1.350 kg
S1 blue, S2 brown
Self-extinguishing polyurethane
B (130 C)
IEC 60044-1
Range 15-630 A
1000 / 1 A
15 A to 630 A Extd. 130%
5P20
Class 1
0.2 VA
20 kA
50 kA
26,000 A
50-60 Hz
0,72 / 3 kV
139 mm
82 mm
38 mm
1.650 kg
S1 blue, S2 brown
B (130 C)
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Toroidal power transformers

Ratio
Power supply range
Thermal current
Dynamic current
Power
Frequency
Insulation
Outer dimensions
Inner dimensions
Height
Weight
Polarity
Encapsulation
Thermal class
Phase toroidal
transformer
ekorRPT / ekorRPG
200/1 A with centre tap (100 + 100 A)
5 A to 630 A
20 kA
50 kA
0.4 VA to 5 A
50-60 Hz
0,72 / 3 kV
139 mm
82 mm
38 mm
1.240 kg
S1 blue, S2 brown
B (130C)
0-sequence toroidal
transformer
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ekorRP
5.1.2. Vector Sum/Zero-SequenceWiring

The wiring of the aforementioned transformers is performed in two different ways, depending
on whether they have a zero-sequence toroidal current transformer installed or not. As a
general rule, the zero-sequence toroidal transformer is used when the earth fault current is a
below 10% of the phase current rating.
R
Page 24 of 84
DETECTION OF EARTH CURRENT BY VECTOR SUM
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ekorRP
Zero-sequence Toroidal Current Transformers
Ratio
Metering range
Protection
Metering
Burden
Thermal current
Dynamic current
Saturation current
Frequency
Insulation
Outer dimensions
Inner dimensions
Height
Weight
Polarity
Encapsulation
Thermal class
Reference standard
Range 5-100 A
Range 15-630 A
300 / 1 A
0.5 A to 50 A Extd. 130%
5P10
Class 3
0.2 VA
20 kA
50 kA
780 A
50-60 Hz
0,72 / 3 kV
330 x 105 mm
272 x 50 mm
41 mm
0.98 kg
S1 blue, S2 brown
B (130 C)
IEC 60044-1
1000 / 1 A
0.5 A to 50 A Extd. 130%
5P10
Class 3
0.2 VA
20 kA
50 kA
780 A
50-60 Hz
0,72 / 3 kV
330 x 105 mm
272 x 50 mm
41 mm
0.98 kg
S1 blue, S2 brown
B (130 C)
IEC 60044-1
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6. TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS
6.1. RATED VALUES
Power supply
Current inputs
Accuracy
Frequency
Output contacts
Temperature
Communications
AC
DC
Selfpowered
Consumption
Primary phase
Earth
Voltage
Current
Switching power
Operating
Storage
Front port
24 Vac...110 Vac+/-30%
24 Vdc...125 Vdc +/-30%
>5 A, 230 Vac +/-30%
< 1 VA
5 A...630 A (depending on model)
0.5 A..0.50 A (depending on
model)
20 kA / 50 kA
0.1
5% (minimum 20 ms)
Class 1 / 5P20
50 Hz; 60 Hz +/-1%
250 Vac
10 A (AC)
500 VA (resistive load)
- 40 C to + 70 C
- 40 C to + 70 C
DB9 RS232
Rear port
Protocol
RS485 (5 kV) RJ45

MODBUS (RTU)
I thermal/dynamic
Impedance
Time delay
Metering / Protection
6.2. MECHANICAL DESIGN

IP rating
Dimensions (h x w x d):
Weight
Wiring
Terminals
In cubicle
IP2X
IP3X
IP4X (according to IEC 60255-27)
IK06 (according to EN 50102)
146 x 47 x 165 mm
0.3 kg
0.5...2.5 mm2
Cable/Termination
6.3. INSULATION TESTS

IEC 60255-5
Insulation resistance
Electric strength
Voltage impulses:
standard
differential
500 VDC: > 10 G

2 kVac; 50 Hz; 1 min
5 kV; 1.2/50 s; 0.5 J
1 kV; 1.2/50 s; 0.5 J
6.4. ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY

IEC 60255-11
IEC 60255-22-1
IEC 60255-22-2
IEC 60255-22-3
IEC 60255-22-4
IEC 60255-22-5
Page 26 of 84
Voltage dips
Ripple
Damped wave 1 MHz
Electrostatic discharges
(IEC 61000-4-2, class IV)
Radiated fields
(IEC 61000-4-3, class III)
Bursts - Fast transients
(IEC 61000-4-4)
Overvoltage pulses
(IEC 61000-4-5)
200 ms
12 %
2.5 kV; 1 kV
8 kV air
6 kV contact
10 V/m
4 kV
4 kV; 2 kV

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IEC 60255-22-6
Induced radio frequency

signals (IEC 61000-4-6)
Magnetic fields
IEC 61000-4-8
IEC 61000-4-12
IEC 60255-25
Sinusoidal damped wave

Electromagnetic emissions
(EN61000-6-4)
150 kHz..0.80 MHz

100 A/m; 50 Hz constant
1000 A/m; 50 Hz short- time (2 s)
2.5 kV; 1 kV
150 kHz to 30 MHz (conducted)
30 MHz to 1 GHz (radiated)
6.5. CLIMATIC TESTS

IEC 60068-2-1
Slow changes. Cold
IEC 60068-2-2
Slow changes. Heat
IEC 60068-2-78
IEC 60068-2-30
Damp heat, continuous test

Damp heat cycles
- 40 C; 16 hrs.
- 40 C; 16 hrs.
+ 60 C; 16 hrs.
+ 70 C; 16 hrs.
+ 40 C; 93%; 10 days
+ 55 C; 6 cycles
6.6. MECHANICAL TESTS

IEC 60255-21-1
IEC 60255-21-2
IEC 60255-21-3
Sinusoidal vibration. Response

Sinusoidal vibration. Endurance
Impacts. Response
Impact. Endurance
Shock. Endurance
Seismic tests
10 - 150 Hz; 1 g
10 - 150 Hz; 2 g
11 ms; 5 g
11 ms; 15 g
16 ms; 10 g
1 - 38 MHz, 1g vertical,
0.5 g horizontal
6.7. POWER TESTS

IEC 60265
IEC 60265
IEC 60265
IEC 60056
No-load cable making and

breaking
Mainly active load making and
breaking
Earth faults
No-load transformer making and
breaking
Short-circuit making and breaking
24 kV/50 A/ cos = 0.1

24 kV/630 A/ cos = 0,7
24 kV/200 A/50 A
13.2 kV /250 A/1250 kVA
20 kA / 1s
6.8. CE CONFORMITY
This product complies with the European Union directive 2004/108/EC on electromagnetic
compatibility, and with the IEC 60255 international regulations. The ekorRP unit has been designed
and manufactured for use in industrial areas, in accordance with EMC standards. This compliance
results from a test performed according to article 10 of the directive, and included in protocol CE26/08-43-EE-1.
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ekorRP
7. PROTECTION, METERING AND CONTROL MODELS

7.1. DESCRIPTION OF MODELS vs. FUNCTIONS
ekorRPT
Distribution transformer protection unit installed in fuse-combination
switch cubicles. The electronic unit performs all the protection functions
except for the high value polyphase short-circuits that occur in the
transformers primary. It has inputs and outputs for switch monitoring and
control.
The unit can protect a power range from 50 kVA up to 2000 kVA in
CGMCOSMOS system cubicles and from 50 kVA up to 1250 kVA in
CGM-CGC and CGM.3 system cubicles.
ekorRPG
Distribution general protection unit installed in circuit-breaker cubicles.
The main usage applications are: general protection of lines, private
installations, transformers, capacitor stacks, etc.
They can protect a power range from 50 kVA up to 400 kVA (630 kVA for
CGM-CGC and CGM.3 system cubicles), when they include toroidal-core
current transformers from 5 A to 100 A. With 15 A to 630 A toroidal-core
current transformers, they offer a power range between 160 kVA and 15
MVA (25 MVA for CGM-CGC and CGM.3 system cubicles).
Page 28 of 84
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Protection, Metering and Control Units

ekorRP
General
Phase current sensors
Earth (zero-sequence) current sensor
Voltage sensors
Digital Inputs
Digital outputs
Power supply 24 Vdc to 125 Vdc / 24 Vac to 110 Vac
Self powered (> 5 A, + 230 Vac +/- 30%)
Protection
Phase overcurrent (50-51)
Earth leakage overcurrent (50N-51N)
Ultrasensitive earth leakage protection (50Ns-51Ns)
Thermometer (49T)
Communications
MODBUS-RTU
PROCOME
RS-232 configuration port
RS-485 port for remote control
ekorSOFT setup and monitoring program
Indications
Tripping cause indication
Error display
Test
Test blocks for current injection
Output contact for test
Measurements
Current
Presence / Absence of voltage
ekorRPG
20.09.2012 84
ekorRPT

ekorRP
IG-159-GB
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3
Op
No
2
2
Op
Op
3
Op
No
2
2
Op
Op
Yes
Op
Op
Yes
Yes
Op
Op
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Op
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Op
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
Op - Optional
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ekorRP
7.2. RELAY CONFIGURATOR

NOTE
Not all combinations resulting from this configurator are possible.
For the availability of other models, please consult Ormazabal's Technical Commercial Department.
To select the ekorRP unit on the basis of the installation characteristics, the following
configurator will be used:
ekorRP
Type:
G For protection cubicle with circuit-breaker
T For fuse protection cubicle
Protection functions:
10 Three phases (3 x 50/51)
20 Three phases and neutral (3 x 50/51 + 50N/51N)
30 Three phases and sensitive neutral (3 x 50/51 + 50Ns/51Ns)
Toroidal-core current transformers:
0 Without toruses
1 Range 5-100 A
2 Range 15-630 A
Power supply:
A Self powered
B Auxiliary power supply (Battery, UPS, etc.)
Example: In the case of a selfpowered relay for a protection cubicle with a circuit-breaker,
with functions 3 x 50/51 + 50Ns/51Ns and toroidal-core current transformers with a range of
5-100 A, the corresponding configurator would be ekorRPG-301A.
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7.3. ekorRPT UNITS

7.3.1. Functional description
The ekorRPT protection, metering and control unit is used for the protection of distribution
transformers. It is installed in fuse-combination switch cubicles so the electronic system
performs all the protection functions, except high polyphase short-circuit values, which are
cleared by the fuses.
When an overcurrent that is within the values that the load break switch can open is
detected, the relay acts upon a low power bistable trigger that opens the switch. If the fault
current is greater than the breaking capacity of the load break switch[2], the switch trip is
blocked so that the fuses will blow. On the other hand, the equipment is disconnected and
the fuses do not remain energised.
TRANSFORMER PROTECTION
GENERAL PROTECTION
(MV client supply)
[2 ]
1200 A for CGMCOSMOS-P, 480 A for CGM-CMP-F, 36 kV range, and CGM.3 and 300 A for CGM-CMP-F, 24
kV range.
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7.3.2. Technical Characteristics

The ekorRPT unit is used to protect the following transformer power ratings.
CGMCOSMOS System
Line
voltage
( )
[kV]
6,6
10
13,8
15
20
Fuse Rated
Voltage
[kV]
3/7,2
6/12
10/24
10/24
10/24
MINIMUM Transformer Power

Fuse Rating [A]
16
10
16
16
16
[kVA]
MAXIMUM Transformer Power

Fuse Rating [A]
( )
50
100
100
125
160
160
160 ()
100
125 ()
125
[kVA]
1250
1250
1250
1600
2000
442 mm cartridge,
125 A SIBA SSK Fuse
( )
CGM-CGC / CGM.3 System

Line
voltage
( )
[kV]
6,6
10
13,8
15
20
25
30
Fuse Rated
Voltage
[kV]
3/7,2
6/12
10/24
10/24
10/24
24/36
24/36
MINIMUM Transformer Power

Fuse Rating [A]
16
16
10
16
16
25
25
[kVA]
50
100
100
125
160
200
250
MAXIMUM Transformer Power

Fuse Rating [A]
( )
160
125
63
63
63
80 (2)
80 (2)
[kVA]
1000
1250
800
1000
1250
2000
2500
442 mm cartridge
SIBA SSK fuse (check)
(2)
Selection process for the ekorRPT unit protection parameters in CGMCOSMOS-P cubicles:
1. Determine the required fuse rating to protect the transformer in accordance with the fuse
table in Ormazabals document IG-078. The maximum ratings that can be used are 160 A
for voltages up to and including 12 kV, and 125 A for voltages up to and including 24 kV.
2. Calculate the transformer rated current In = S/3xUn.
3. Define the continuous overload level I>. Normal values in transformers of up to 2000 kVA
are 20% for distribution installations and 5% for power generation installations.
4. Select the transitory overload curve. Coordination between relay curves and LV fuses is
performed with the EI type curve.
5. Define the delay time in transitory overload K. This parameter is defined by the
transformers thermal constant. This way, the greater the constant, the longer it takes for
the transformers temperature to increase under an overload condition; and therefore, the
protection trigger can be delayed longer. The usual value for distribution transformers is
K = 0.2, which means that it trips in 2 s if the overload is 300% in the EI curve.
6. Short-circuit level I>>. The maximum value of the transformers magnetisation current
must be determined. The current peak produced when a no-load transformer is
connected, due to the effect of a magnetised nucleus, is several times greater than the
rated current. This peak value, up to 12 times the rated value (10 times for more than
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1000 kVA) has a very high harmonic content, so its fundamental 50 Hz component is
much less. Therefore, a usual setting value for this parameter is between 7 and 10.
7. Instantaneous time delay T>>. This value corresponds with the protection trip time in the
event a short-circuit occurs. It depends on the coordination with other protections and the
usual values are between 0.1 and 0.5 s. If the short-circuit value is high, the fuses will act
in the time determined by their characteristic curve.
8. Determine the current value in case of secondary three-phase short-circuit. This fault
must be cleared by the fuses, and it corresponds with the intersection points maximum
value between the relay and the fuse curves. If the intersection point is greater than the
secondary short-circuit value, the settings must be adjusted to meet this requirement.
To select the ekorRPT unit protection parameters in CGM-CMP-F and CGM.3-P cubicles,
the steps to follow are similar to those proposed in the paragraphs above, except for the first
step. The fuse rating required to protect the transformer is determined according to the fuse
table of Ormazabals documents IG-034 and IG-136 respectively. Please take into
consideration that the minimum protection powers are listed in the table above.
In case of protecting a transformer with following characteristics in CGMCOSMOS cubicle
system:
S = 1250 kVA, Un =15 kV and Uk = 5%
Follow the procedure below for proper coordination between the fuses and the protection
relay:
Fuse selection according to IG-078. 10/24 kV 125 A fuse
Rated current. In = S/3 x Un = 1250 kVA/3 x 15 kV 48 A
Continuous withstand overload 20%. In x I> = 48 A x 1.2 58 A
Extremely Inverse Curve type. E.I.
Transitory overload factor. K =0.2
Short-circuit level. In x I> x I>> = 48 A x 1.2 x 7 404 A
Instantaneous time delay T>> = 0,4 s
Secondary short-circuit. Ics = In x 100/ Uk = 48 A x 100 / 5 960 A
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ekorRP
Figure 7.1: Example for SIBA SSK fuse
The earth unit setting depends on the characteristics of the line where the unit is installed. In
general, the earth fault values are high enough to be detected as overcurrent. Even in
isolated or resonant earthed neutral networks, the fault value in transformer protection
installations is clearly different from the capacitive currents of the lines. This way, the
transformer protection ekorRPT units are used in isolated neutral networks that do not
require the directional function. The values of the setting parameters must guarantee
selectivity with the main switch protections. Given the variety of protection criteria and types
of neutral used in the networks, it does not exist a single parameterisation; each case
requires a specific parameterisation. For transformers up to 2000 kVA, the settings below are
given as a general example. It must be ensured that they properly apply to the protections
upstream (general, line or main switch protections, among others.)
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Phase
setting
Setting
of
Earth
( )
Rated Current
Time delayed
Instantaneou
s
I>
I>>
T>>
In=S/3xUn = 48 A
EI
DT
1,2
0,2
0,4
Type of Neutral
Time delayed
Instantaneou
s
Io>
Ko
Solid or impedant
NI
DT
0,2
0,2
0,4
Isolated or
resonant
NI
DT
0.1/Ig=2 A(*)
0,2
0,4
Io>> To>>
* In case a zero-sequence toroidal transformer is used
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7.3.3. Installation in a Cubicle

The integral parts of the ekorRPT units are the electronic relay, the power supply and test
board, the bistable trigger and the current sensors.
The electronic relay is fixed to the cubicle driving mechanism using anchors. The front of the
equipment, which contains the components of the user interface, display, keys,
communication ports, etc., is accessible from the outside without the need to remove the
mechanism enclosure. The rear contains the X1 and X2 connectors, as well as the wiring
that connects it to the power supply board.
.
CGM.3-F
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All of the signals that come from the relay go through the board. Hence, the board enables
the unit to be checked. Furthermore, there is a volt-free contact (J3) which is activated
simultaneously with the relay trip. This enables to use conventional current injection
equipment for testing the protection relays.
The selfpowered transformers are also connected to the power supply board using the J7
connector in the selfpowered relays. The signal transformers are connected to the board's J8
connector, the function being to inject current into the secondary in order to test the relay.
The ekorRPT protection, metering and control unit has three connectors (J1, J3 and J4) to
which the user can connect. They are situated on the upper part of the power supply and test
board and their functions are as follows:
Connector
Name
J1
EXT. TRIP
J3
TRIP
J4
V. AUX
Functions
It must be connected to an NO, volt-free
contact. When it is activated, the protection
device trips if an overcurrent protection
function is activated.
This is an NO, volt-free contact which is
activated when the protection device is
tripped. It also works in self powered mode.
Auxiliary power supply input:
230 Vac for selfpowered units and 24 to
125 Vdc or 24 to 110 Vac for those with
auxiliary power supply
(10 kV insulated in relation to the rest of the
equipment, in self powered models).
Normal use
Transformer THERMOMETER.
Protection unit TEST.
Trip SIGNAL for remotelycontrolled installations
Relay power supply (LVB of the
transformer to protect, battery,
etc.).
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ekorRP
7.3.4. ekorRPT Electrical Diagram
NOTE
For more details, please see electrical diagram No. 990042, which shows the electrical
connections between the different parts of the ekorRPG unit and the cubicle.
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7.3.5. Installation of Toroidal-core current transformers

The installation of toroidal-core current transformers requires special attention. It is the main
cause of untimely tripping problems, and its improper operation can cause trips that go
undetected during commissioning. Aspects that must be considered in the installation:
The toroidal-core current transformers are installed on the outgoing cables of the
cubicle. The inner diameter is 82 mm, which means that MV cables can easily pass
through the inside.
The earthing screen MUST go through the
toroidal-core current transformer when it
comes out of the part of cable remaining
above the toroidal-core current transformer.
In this case, the braided pair goes through
the inside of the toroidal-core current
transformer before it is connected to the
earthing of the cubicle. The braided pair must
not touch any metal part, such as the cable
support or other areas of the cable
compartment, before it is connected to the
cubicle's earth.
Earth screen: it must pass through

the inside of the toroidal-core
The earthing screen must NOT go through the toroidal-core current transformer when
it comes out of the part of cable remaining under the toroidal-core current transformer.
In this case, the braided pair is connected directly to the earthing collector of the
cubicle. If there is no braided pair for the earthing screen because it is connected at the
other end (as in metering cubicles), the twisted pair should also not go through the
toroidal-core current transformer.
7.3.6. Checking and Maintenance

The ekorRPT protection, metering and control unit is designed to perform the operating test
necessary for both commissioning and regular maintenance checks. Several levels of checks
are available depending on the possibility of interrupting service and accessing the MV
cubicle cable compartment.
Check through the primary: This case corresponds to the tests that are performed on
the equipment when it is completely shut down, since it involves actuating the switchdisconnector and earthing the cubicle outgoing cables. When current is injected
through the toroidal-core current transformers, you must check that the protection
opens the switch within the selected time. In addition, you must make sure that the
tripping indications are correct and that all the events are being recorded in the history
log.
CAUTION
To perform this check, the unit must be powered up. Hence more than 5 A must be
injected, or it must be connected to 230 Vac for self powered relays. As regards those
which have auxiliary power supply, feed the voltage through the board's J4 connector.
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ekorRP
To perform this check, follow the steps indicated below:

-
Open the cubicles switch-disconnector and then earth the output.

Access the cable compartment and pass a test cable through the toroidal-core
current transformers.
Connect the test cable to the current circuit of the tester.
Connect the power supply board's J3 connector to the tester's timer stopper input.
Open the earthing switch and close the switch. Reset the latch and remove the
actuating lever in order to leave the cubicle ready for tripping.
Inject the test currents and verify the tripping times are correct. Check that the
trips are correctly displayed.
For phase trips, the test cable must pass through two toroidal-core current transformers.
The cable must pass through each of them in opposite direction; in other words, if in the
first one current flows up bottom, in the other it must flow bottom up so that the sum of
the two currents equals zero and no earth trip occur.
For earth trips, the test cable is passed through a single toroidal-core current transformer
(zero-sequence or phase toroidal, depending on whether a zero-sequence toroidal is
available or not). Trip tests must be performed for all toroidal-core current transformers
to check the proper operation of the complete unit.
Check through the secondary. In this case, the tests are performed on the equipment
when the cable compartment is not accessible. This occurs because the cubicle
outgoing cables are energised and cannot be connected to earth. In this case, it is not
possible to feed a test cable through the toroidal transformers and current must be
injected from the power supply board. This testing method is much better than using
testing equipment (normally more than 100 A).

-
Page 40 of 84
Access the control's upper compartment where the power supply board is located.
Disconnect the bistable trigger.
Disconnect the blue, brown, black and earth cables of the J8 connector,
corresponding to points J8-6, J8-8, J8-10 and J8-1 respectively.
Connect the previously disconnected cables to the earth points N of connector J83. This operation will short-circuit the current transformers' secondary circuitry.
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Connect the power supply to the J4 connector: 230 Vac for selfpowered units and
24 to 125 Vdc or 24 to 110 Vac for auxiliary power supply units.
Connect the test cable to the J8 connector, bearing in mind the following ratio
between the connector's points and the phases:
Current through L1 J8-6 and J8-1.
Current through L1 and L2 (without earthing current) - J8-6 and J8-8.
Connect the power supply board's J3 connector to the tester's timer stopper input.
If the switch can be opened, put it in closed position. Reset the latch and remove
the actuating lever in order to leave the cubicle ready for tripping and connect the
bistable trigger. If the switch cannot be operated, the bistable trigger should
remain disconnected and the checking process should be performed as shown in
next section: Check without switch operation.
Inject the secondary test currents taking into account that the transformation ratio
is 300/1 A. Check that the trip times are correct. Check that the trips are correctly
displayed.
NOTE
It is advisable to perform the CHECK THROUGH THE PRIMARY or the CHECK
THROUGH THE SECONDARY annually to guarantee correct equipment operation.
Check without operating the switch. In many occasions, the protection cubicle
switch cannot be operated and therefore, the maintenance checks are performed
exclusively on the electronic unit. In these cases, the following points shall be
considered:
- Always disconnect the bistable trigger. This way, the relay can trip without acting
upon the opening mechanism.
- Inject the current according to the section above "Check through the secondary".
- The toroidal-core current transformers can be verified if the approximate
consumption is known. The current that circulates through the secondary J8-6
(blue), J8-8 (brown) and J8-10 (black) must correspond to the 300/1 A ratio.
- As regards selfpowered relays, check that the selfpowered transformers provide
the operating power needed by the relay, if the primary current is greater than 5 A.
To do this, check that the voltage in connector J7 (between points 1- blue and 2brown) is greater than 10 Vdc.
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ekorRP
7.4. ekorRPG UNITS

7.4.1. Functional description
The ekorRPG unit is used for the general protection of lines, private installations,
transformers, etc. It is installed in circuit-breaker cubicles - models CGMCOSMOS-V,
CGM-CMP-V and/or CGM.3-V - so that the electronic unit performs all the protection
functions.
When an overcurrent that is within the relay operational value range is detected, this relay
acts upon a low power bistable trigger that opens the circuit-breaker.
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7.4.2. Technical Characteristics

The ekorRPG protection unit is used to protect the following power ratings:
CGMCOSMOS / CGM-CGC / CGM.3 systems
Line
voltage
[kV]
(1)
6,6
10
13,8
15
20
25 (1)
30 (1)
ekorRPG with 5-100 A toruses

Min P.
[kVA]
50
100
100
100
160
200
250

[kVA]
160
200
315
315
400
630
630
Max P.
[kVA]
5000
7500
10000
12000
15000
20000
25000
For CGM-CGC and CGM.3 system cubicles
Selection process for the ekorRPG unit protection parameters in CGMCOSMOS-V, CGMCMP-V and CGM.3-V cubicles:
1. Determine the system power to be protected and select the ekorRPG model in
accordance with the table above.
2. Calculate the rated current In = S/3xUn.
3. Define the continuous overload level I>. Normal values in transformers of up to 2000 kVA
are 20% for distribution installations and 5% for power generation installations.
4. Select the transitory overload curve. Coordination between relay curves and LV fuses is
performed with the EI type curve.
5. Define the delay time in transitory overload K. This parameter is defined by the
transformers thermal constant. This way, the greater the constant, the longer it takes for
the transformers temperature to increase under an overload condition; and therefore, the
protection trigger can be delayed longer. The normal value for distribution transformers is
K = 0.2, which means that it trips in 2 s if the overload is 300% in the EI curve.
6. Short-circuit level I>>. The maximum value of the transformers magnetisation current
must be determined. The current peak produced when a no-load transformer is
connected, due to the effect of a magnetised nucleus, is several times greater than the
rated current. This peak value, up to 12 times the rated value (10 times for more than
1000 kVA) has a very high harmonic content, so its fundamental 50 Hz component is
much less. So, a normal setting value for this parameter is between 7 and 10. In the case
of general protections for several transformers, this value can be lower.
7. Instantaneous time delay T>>. This value corresponds with the protection trip time in the
event a short-circuit occurs. It depends on the coordination with other protections and the
normal values are between 0.1 and 0.5 s.
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In the case of a general protection for two transformers, 1000 kVA each:
S = 2000 kVA, Un =15 kV
The steps to follow for proper setting of the protection relay are the following:
Rated current. In = S / 3 x Un = 2000 kVA / 3 x 15 kV 77 A
Continuous withstand overload 20%. In x I> = 77 A x 1.2 92 A
Extremely Inverse Curve type. E.I.
Transitory overload factor. K =0.2
Short-circuit level. In x I> x I>> = 77 A x 1.2 x 10 924 A
Instantaneous time delay T>> = 0.1 s
The earth unit setting depends on the characteristics of the network where the equipment is
installed. In general, the earth fault values are high enough to be detected as overcurrent. In
the isolated or resonant earthed neutral networks, when the fault value is very low, in other
words, when the earth protection is set to a value below 10% of the rated phase
current, it is recommended that an ultrasensitive earth protection be used.
The values of the setting parameters must guarantee selectivity with the main switch
protections. Given the variety of protection criteria and types of neutral used in the networks,
it does not exist a single parameterisation; each case requires a specific parameterisation.
For transformers up to 2000 kVA, the settings below are given as a general example. It must
be ensured that they properly apply to the protections upstream (general, line or main switch
protections, among others.)
Phase
setting
Setting
of
Earth
( )
Rated
Current
Curve
Instantaneo
us
I>
I>>
T>>
In=S/3xUn =
77 A
EI
DT
1,2
0,2
10
0,1
Type of
Neutral
Curve
Instantaneo
us
Io>
Ko
Io>>
To>>
Solid or
impedant
NI
DT
0,2
0,2
0,1
Isolated or
resonant
NI
DT
0.1 / Ig = 2 A (*)
0,2
0,2
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7.4.3. Installation in a Cubicle

The integral parts of the ekorRPG units are the electronic relay, the power supply and test
board and flip-flop trigger and the current sensors.
The electronic relay is fixed to the cubicle driving mechanism using anchors. The front of the
equipment, which contains the components of the user interface, display, keys,
communication ports, etc., is accessible from the outside without the need to remove the
driving mechanism enclosure. The rear contains the X1 and X2 connectors (see section
7.4.4) as well as the wiring that connects it to the power supply board. The signals that are
operational for the user are located on a terminal block that can be short-circuited and
accessed from the upper part of the cubicle. Furthermore, there is a volt-free contact (G3G4) which is simultaneously activated with the relay trip. This enables to use conventional
current injection equipment for testing the protection relays.
The functionality of the terminal block G for connecting the user is described below.
Terminals
Name
G1-G2
V.AUX
G3-G4
TRIP
G5-G6
EXT.TRIP
G7--G12
IP1,IP2,
Functions
Auxiliary power supply input:
230 Vac for selfpowered units and
24 to 125 Vdc or 24 to 110 Vac for
those with auxiliary power supply
(10 kV insulated in relation to the
rest of the equipment, in self
powered models).
This is an NO, volt-free contact
which is activated when the
protection device is tripped. It
also works in self powered mode.
It must be connected to an NO,
volt-free contact. When it is
activated, the protection device
trips if an overcurrent protection
function is enabled.
Short-circuitable
and
disconnectable terminals for
secondary current circuits.
Normal Use
Relay power
transformer's
battery, etc.).
supply (TS
LV
board,
Protection unit TEST.

Trip SIGNAL for remotelycontrolled installations.
Transformer
THERMOMETER.
Current
injection
secondary relay tests.
for
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ekorRP
7.4.4. ekorRPG Electrical Diagram
NOTE
For more details, please see electrical diagram No. 996410, which shows the electrical
connections between the different parts of the ekorRPG unit and the cubicle.
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Front and rear view
7.4.5. Installation of Toroidal-core current transformers

In CGMCOSMOS-V, CGM-CMP-V and CGM.3-V cubicles, the current transformers are
installed in the cubicle bushings. Therefore there are no problems with connection errors in
the earthing grid. Additionally, these toroidal-core current transformers are equipped with a
test connection for conducting maintenance operations.
The terminals that can be used with the toroidal-core current transformers mounted in the
bushings are as follows:
Manufactur
er
EUROMOLD
Current
rating [A]
400
630
630
630
12 kV
12 kV
24 kV
24 kV
36 kV
36 kV
Type of
crossType of
crossType of
crossconnecto section connecto section connecto section
r
[mm2]
r
[mm2]
r
[mm2]
400 TE
400 LB
400 TB
440 TB
70-300
50-300
70-300
185-630
K-400TE
K-400LB
K-400TB
K-440TB
25-300
50-300
35-300
185-630
M-400TB
M-440TB
25-240
185-630
For other type of terminals[1], the toroidal-core current transformers must be loosened and
installed directly on the cables, in accordance with the instructions listed in section 7.3.5.
[1]
Consult Ormazabals Technical-Commercial Department.
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ekorRP
7.4.6. Checking and Maintenance

The ekorRPG protection, metering and control unit is designed to perform the operating test
necessary for both commissioning and regular maintenance checks. Several levels of checks
are available depending on the possibility of interrupting service and accessing the MV
cubicle cable compartment.
Check through the primary: In this case the tests are performed on the equipment
when it is completely shut down, since it involves actuating the circuit-breaker and
earthing the cubicle outgoing cables. When current is injected through the toroidal-core
current transformers, you must check that the protection opens the circuit-breaker
within the selected time. In addition, you must make sure that the tripping indications
are correct and that all the events are being recorded in the history log.
CAUTION
To perform this check, the unit must be powered up. Hence more than 5 A must be
injected, or it must be connected to 230 Vac for selfpowered relays. As regards those
which have auxiliary power supply, feed the voltage through the board's J4 connector.
-
Open the cubicles circuit-breaker. Close the earthing switch and then close the
circuit-breaker for an effective earthing.
Access the cable compartment and connect the test cable to the test connector
of the toroidal-core current transformers.
Connect terminals G3-G4 to the tester's timer stopper input.
Open the circuit-breaker. Open the earthing switch and then close the circuitbreaker. To open the circuit-breaker using the protection unit, the earthing switch
must be open.
Inject the test currents and verify the tripping times are correct. Check that the
trips are correctly displayed.
In order to detect phase trips, the test cable must be connected to the test bars of two
toroidal-core current transformers. The current must go through each one in opposite
directions. In other words, if the current flows up bottom in one of the test cables, in the
other it must flow bottom up so that the sum of the two currents is zero and no earth fault
trips occur.
For earth trips, the test cable is connected to a single toroidal-core current transformer
(zero-sequence or phase toroidal transformer, depending on whether a zero-sequence
toroidal is available or not). Trip tests must be performed for all toroidal-core current
transformers to check the proper operation of the complete unit.
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Check through the secondary with circuit-breaker operation:

In this case, the tests are performed
Test Terminal
on the equipment when the cable
block
compartment is not accessible. This
occurs because the cubicle outgoing
cables are energised and cannot be
connected to earth. In this case, the
test cable cannot be connected to the
test connection in the toroidal-core
current transformers and the current
injection is performed through the test
terminal block. This testing method is
also used when the primary current
values being tested are much greater
than
those
produced
by
test
equipment (normally greater than 100 A).
G-7
G12

- Access the driving mechanism upper compartment where the checks and test
terminal block is located.
- Disconnect the bistable trigger.
- Short-circuit, and then disconnect current circuit terminals G7, G8, G9, G10, G11
and G12. This procedure short-circuits the current transformer secondaries.
- Connect the power supply to the G1-G2 connector: 230 Vac for selfpowered units
and 24 to 125Vdc or 24 to 110 Vac for auxiliary power supply units.
- Connect the test cable to terminals G7 to G12, taking into account the following
relation between the connector's points and the phases.
Current through L1 G7 and G12.
Current through L1 and L2 (without earthing current) - G7 and G8.
- Connect the test cable to the current circuit of the tester.
- Connect the G3-G4 connector to the tester's timer stopper input.
- If the circuit-breaker can be opened, put it in closed position. If the circuit-breaker
cannot be operated, make sure the bistable trigger remains disconnected, and
start the check as explained in the following section "Check without circuit-breaker
operation".
- Inject the secondary test currents taking into account that the transformation ratio
is 300/1 A or 1000/1 A, depending on the model. Verify the tripping times are
correct. Check that the trips are correctly displayed.
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ekorRP
Check through the secondary without circuit-breaker operation: In many

occasions, the protection cubicle circuit-breaker cannot be operated and therefore, the
maintenance checks are performed exclusively on the electronic unit. In theses cases,
the following points shall be considered:
-
Page 50 of 84
Always disconnect the bistable trigger. This way, the relay can trip without acting
upon the opening mechanism.
Inject the current according to the section above "Check through the secondary
with circuit-breaker operation".
The toroidal-core current transformers can be verified if the approximate
consumption is known. The current that circulates through the G7 (blue), G8
(brown) and G9 (black) secondaries must correspond to the ratio of 300/1 A or
1000/1 A.
As regards selfpowered relays, check that the selfpowered transformers provide
the operating power needed by the relay, if the primary current is greater than 5 A.
To do this, check that the voltage in connector J7 (between points 1- blue and 2brown) is greater than 10 Vdc.
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8. SETTING AND HANDLING MENUS

8.1. KEYPAD AND ALPHANUMERIC DISPLAY
As can be seen in the image, the ekorRP protection, metering and control units have a total
of 6 keys:
SET: gives access to the Parameter Setting mode. In addition, the key has a
confirmation function within the various menus of the 'Parameter Setting' mode.
This function is explained in greater detail in this section.
ESC: This key allows the user to return to the main screen ('Display') from any
screen without saving changes made to the settings up to this point. Using this
key, the unit's trip indications can be reset.
Scrolling keys: The Up and Down arrows enable the user to scroll through
the different menus and change values. The 'Right' and 'Left' arrows allow
values in the 'Parameter Setting' menu to be selected for modification, as
detailed later.
Along with the keypad, the relays have an alphanumeric display which makes it easier to use
them. To save energy, the relay has a standby mode (display switched off), which starts to
operate any time the relay does not receive an external signal for 1 minute (pressing of any
key, except the SET key, or communication via RS-232), or for 2 minutes if the user is
modifying the parameters in the Parameter Setting mode. Likewise, if either type of external
signal is received (pressing of the ESC, arrow up, down, left or right keys; or communication
via RS-232) the relay will exit the standby mode and return to its active status, as long as the
relay remains powered.
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ekorRP
8.2. DISPLAY
The 'Display' mode is the normal mode of the relay when in
operation. Its main function is to allow the user to view various unit
parameters which can be summarised in 4 groups:
Current metering
Viewing the setting values
Values of the last and penultimate trip
Current date and time
The Display mode is shown by default in the relay, both when it is
switched on and when it returns from its standby status, or when pressing the ESC key from
any screen. In this operating mode, the Up and Down keys are enabled so that the user
can scroll through the various parameters in the Display mode. The SET key gives access
to the Parameter Setting mode.
The following figure shows an example of several 'Display' mode screens for the
ekorRPunits.
The screens shown in the relay display consist of two data lines. The first indicates the
parameter for the specific screen; the second establishes the value of this parameter.
Additionally, error codes can be indicated in both the display screen and the two data lines
(refer to section 8.5: Error codes). These indications are displayed with the other
indications.
A table with the Display mode parameters sequence is shown below. This table includes
the text that appears on the first line of the relay display, along with an explanation of the
corresponding parameter.
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Parameter
I1. A
I2. A
I3. A
I0. A
I>
I 0>
I>>
I 0>>
In. A
I>
K
I>>
T>>
I 0>
K0
I 0>>
T 0>>
H2. A
H2
H2.TM
H2.DT
H2.YE
H2.HR
H2.SE
H1. A
H1
H1.TM
H1.DT
H1.YE
H1.HR
H1.SE
DATE
YEAR
TIME
SEC
Meaning
Phase 1 current metering
Zero-sequence current metering
Phase curve type (NI, VI, EI, DT, disabled)
Zero-sequence curve type (NI, VI, EI, DT, disabled)
Instantaneous phase unit enabled/disabled
Instantaneous zero-sequence unit enabled/disabled
Phase full load current
Phase overload factor
Constant Phase multiplier
Phase instantaneous multiplier
Phase instantaneous time delay
Earth leakage factor
Constant Zero-sequence multiplier
Zero-sequence instantaneous multiplier
Zero-sequence instantaneous time delay
Current at last trip
Cause of last trip
Time delay of last trip, from start-up to the trip
Last trip date
Last trip year
Hour and minute of last trip
Last trip second
Penultimate trip current
Penultimate trip cause
Time delay of the penultimate trip, from start up to the trip
Penultimate trip date
Penultimate trip year
Hour and minute of penultimate trip
Penultimate trip second
Current date
Current year
Current time
Current second
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ekorRP
8.3. PARAMETER SETTING

The 'Parameter Setting' menu can be accessed from any screen of the 'Display' menu by
pressing the SET key. The protection remains operational with the initial parameters, until the
user returns to the Display menu by pressing on the SET key again.
As a precautionary measure, the Parameter Setting menu is protected by a password,
which is entered each time the user wishes to access this menu. By default, all of the
ekorRP units have the password 0000. This password can be modified by the user as
explained further on.
This menu allows the user to make changes to various relay parameters.
These parameters can be grouped as follows:
Parameters for the protection and detection functions
Date and time
Communication parameters
Information on the number of trips
Password change
When the relay is in the 'Parameter Setting menu, the indication SET on
the lower middle section of the relay screen allows the user to identify the
menu quickly.
8.3.1. Protection parameters

The ekorRP units include two methods for selecting the setting parameters. manual and
automatic.
The manual method consists of entering each protection parameter one by one.
On the other hand, the automatic method makes the parameter entry easier and quicker for
the user. In this method, the user simply enters 2 pieces of data: Installation transformer
power (Pt), and line voltage (Tr). From these 2 pieces of data, the relay sets the parameters
according to:
In
Pt
(Tr 3 )
The selected full load current value is achieved by always rounding up the value.
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The rest of setting values are fixed (see the table below), although the user can change any
of the values selected in the program from the manual mode.
Phase Protection
Earth Protection
Setting
Automatic Value
Setting
Automatic Value
Overload Factor
Curve Type
Constant Multiplier
Short-circuit Factor
Trip Time
Tripping Enabled
120 %
EI
0,2
10(*)
0,1(*)
DT
Earth Leakage Factor

Curve Type
Constant Multiplier
Short-circuit Factor
Trip Time
Tripping Enabled
20 %
NI
0,2
5
0,1(*)
DT
( )
* For protection using the ekorRPT-101, 201 or 301 models with 5-100 A range toruses, the short-circuit factor
is 7 and the instantaneous tripping time is 0.4.
8.3.2. Parameter Setting Menu

When accessing the Parameter Setting
menu through the SET key, the relay
requests a password. The settings
introduction area is accessed once it is
verified that the password is correct. At this
moment, manual configuration (CONF PAR)
or automatic configuration (CONF TRAF)
must be selected. You can change from one
to the other using the right and left keys.
Press the SET key to select the desired
option. The diagram on the right graphically
explains this process.
Once inside any of the two settings entry
areas, the user can move from one
parameter to another using the up and
down keys, the same as in the Display mode. Press the ESC or SET key to exit this menu
and access the Display menu. The ESC key will disregard all setting changes made
previously, whereas the SET key will save all data before continuing.
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ekorRP
To change a setting, proceed as follows:

1. Display the setting to be changed on the screen.
2. Press the Left or Right keys. The data will start to flash.
3. Adjust the value required with the 'Up' and 'Down' keys. If the setting
is numeric, the blinking number can be changed with the 'Left' or
'Right' keys.
4. To exit, press SET (save and exit), or ESC (clear changes and exit).
The password can be modified by first entering the

current password. The process is explained graphically in
the diagram on the right. As shown in this diagram,
password modification consists of four steps.
The two following tables show the protection parameters
in the Parameter Setting menu, along with an
explanation of each of them and the values they can
have. This information is shown for each of the two
setting modes: manual or automatic.
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Manual Setting Menu

Parameter
Meaning
I>
I 0>
I>>
I 0>>
Phase curve type / unit disabling

Zero-sequence curve type / Unit disabling
Enabling instantaneous phase unit
Enabling instantaneous earth unit
In. A
Phase full load current
I>
K
I>>
T>>
**I0>
K0
I 0>>
T 0>>
DATE
YEAR
TIME
SEC.
*NPER
*PROT
*BAUD
*PARI
*LEN
*STOP
DT.AD
YE.AD
HR.AD
SE.AD
NTP
NTG
*V.0
PSWV
Phase overload factor

Constant Phase multiplier
Phase instantaneous multiplier
Phase instantaneous time delay
Constant Zero-sequence multiplier
Zero-sequence instantaneous multiplier
Zero-sequence instantaneous time delay
Modify current day (day and month)
Modify the current year
Modify the current time
Modify the current second
Peripheral number
Protocol number
Transmission speed (kbps)
Parity
Word length
Stop bits
Day and month on which the last setting was
made
Year in which the last setting was made
Time at which the last setting was made
Second at which the last setting was made
Number of phase trips
Number of earth trips
Firmware version
Password modification
Range
OFF, NI, VI, EI, DT
OFF, NI, VI, EI, DT
OFF, DT
OFF, DT
192 A for ekorRPX-X01
480 A for ekorRPX-X02
1,00 1,30
0,05 1,6
1 25
0,05 2,5
0,1 0,8
0,05 1,6
1 25
0,05 2,5
1 - 31 / 1 - 12
2000 2059
00:00 - 23:59
0 - 59
0 31
0000[3] MODBUS-0001
1,2; 2,4; 4,8; 9,6; 19,2; 38,4
No, even, odd
7; 8
1; 2
Cannot be changed
Cannot be changed
Cannot be changed
Cannot be changed
Cannot be changed
Cannot be changed
Cannot be changed
0000 - 9999
( )
* Only available for firmware version 18 or later.

**) n the case of zero-sequence toroidal transformer, the range is 0.5 A-In and the
parameter is Ig.
(
[3]
ekorSOFT communication protocol.
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Automatic Setting Menu

Parameter
Meaning
tP 0W
Transformer Power (kVA)
Tvol
DATE
YEAR
TIME
SEC.
*NPER
*PROT
*BAUD
*PARI
*LEN
*STOP
Line voltage (kV)

Current day and month
Current year
Current time
Current second
Peripheral number
Protocol number
Transmission speed (kbps)
Parity
Word length
Stop bits
Day and month on which the last setting
was made
Year in which the last setting was made
Time at which the last setting was made
Second at which the last setting was
made
Number of phase trips
Number of earth trips
Number of external trips
Firmware version
Password modification
DT.AD
YE.AD
HR.AD
SE.AD
NTP
NTG
NTE
*V.0
PSWV
( )
* Only available for firmware version 18 or later
[4]
ekorSOFT communication protocol.
Page 58 of 84
Range
50; 100; 160; 200; 250; 315; 400; 500;
630; 800; 1000; 1250; 1600; 2000
6,6; 10; 12; 13,2; 15; 20; 25; 30
1-31/1-12
2000-2059
00:00-23:59
0-59
0-31
[4]
0000 (MODBUS)-0001
1,2;2,4;4,8;9,6;19,2;38,4
No, even, odd
7, 8
1, 2
Cannot be changed
Cannot be changed
Cannot be changed
Cannot be changed
Cannot be changed
Cannot be changed
Cannot be changed
Cannot be changed
0000-9999

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8.4. TRIP RECOGNITION

Whenever a trip occurs, the relay immediately accesses the
'Trip recognition" menu. This menu can be easily identified
because a blinking arrow is located on the upper part of the
display, just below the name of the function that has caused
the trip. The ekorRP units signal five possible trip causes
using the upper arrow.
Phase time-delayed trip
I>
Phase instantaneous trip
I>>
Earth time-delayed trip I 0>

Earth instantaneous trip
I 0>>
External trip
Ext
To quit the Trip recognition menu, press the ESC key from any of the menu screens. The
relay recognises that the user has checked the trip and then returns to the first screen of the
Display menu. In any case, the trip data will continue to be available to the user from the
Display menu until two new trips have occurred.
The various screens of the of 'Trip Recognition' menu provide two types of information. The
initial screen shows the current detected at the tripping moment, by phase or earth
depending on the tripped unit. Subsequent Trip Recognition screens display the date and
time of the trip, along with the time elapsed from the unit start up to the trip.
The following table shows the sequence in which the data appear. As in the rest of the
menus, the 'Up' and 'Down' keys are used to scroll throughout the various data.
Parameter
Ix A
Ix TM
Ix DT
Ix YE
Ix HR
Ix SE
Meaning
Current at the tripping moment
Time elapsed from unit start up to the trip
Day and month on which the trip occurred
Year in which the trip occurred
Time at which the trip occurred
Second in which the trip occurred
Where subscript x depends on the cause of the trip:

3 or zero-sequence, respectively.
e1 f,
e2 f,
e3 f or
e0 f, for phase 1, phase 2, phase
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8.5. ERROR CODES

The ekorRP units have a series of error codes used to warn the user
regarding the different anomalies that may occur in the system.
The different error codes are identified by a number, just as shown in
the figure on the right. The following error codes may be displayed on
the ekorRP units:
Code shown on
the display
ER 01
ER 03
Page 60 of 84
Meaning
230 Vac in the external trip input (this input is to be connected to a volt-free
contact)
Error when opening switch

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8.6. MENU MAP (QUICK ACCESS)

DISPLAY
The menu map is a summary table that indicates all the

submenus for the ekorRP units, as well as a brief
explanation of each one.
Phase 1
current
Phase multiplier constant
Last trip date
Phase 2
current
Phase instantaneous
multiplier
Last trip year
Phase 3
current
Phase instantaneous time

delay
Time at last trip
Zero-sequence current
(Io or Ig)
Last trip second
Phase curve type
Constant Earth multiplier
Zero-sequence curve
type
Earth instantaneous
multiplier
Phase instantaneous
enabling
Earth instantaneous time

delay
Time at penultimate trip
Zero-sequence
instantaneous enabling
Full load current
Cause of last trip
Overload factor
Time at last trip
Second penultimate
trip
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PARAMETER SETTING
Parameter Configuration
Transformer
configuration
Prompt for
password
Word length
Prompt for old

password
Stop
bit(s)
Prompt for new

password
Date
at last setting
Repeat new
password
Parameter
configuration
Earth leakage
factor
Transmission
speed
Number of
external trips
Phase curve
type
Earth multiplier
constant
Parity
Firmware
version
Zero-sequence
curve type
Earth
instantaneous
multiplier
Word length
Password
modification
Modification
of date
Year
at last setting
Phase
instantaneous
enabling
Earth
instantaneous
time delay
Stop
bit(s)
Prompt for old

password
Modification
of year
Time
at last setting
Current that
caused the trip
Zero-sequence
instantaneous
enabling
Modification
of date
Date
at last setting
Prompt for new

password
Modification
of time
Second
at last setting
Trip time
Full load current
Modification
of year
Year
at last setting
Repeat new
password
Modification
of second
Number of
phase trips
Date
at trip
Overload factor
Modification
of time
Time
at last setting
Peripheral
no.
No. Zerosequence trips
Year
at trip
Constant Phase
multiplier
Modification
of second
Second
at last setting
Protocol
no.
Number of
external trips
Time
at trip
Phase
instantaneous
multiplier
Peripheral
no.
Number of
phase trips
Transmission
speed
Firmware
version
Second
at trip
Phase
instantaneous
time delay
Protocol
no.
Parity
Password
modification
Page 62 of 84
Line voltage
Trip
recognition

ekorRP
IG-159-GB
version 07
20.09.2012 84
The on-screen representation of the equipment for LAST and PENULTIMATE trips is
detailed below:
Cause of last trip
Time of last trip
Date of last trip
Year of last trip
Time of last trip
Second last trip
Current penultimate trip
Cause penultimate trip
Time penultimate trip
Date penultimate trip
Year penultimate trip
Time penultimate trip
Second penultimate trip
Figure 8.1: View of last and penultimate trips on the menu map
FAULT HISTORY LOG

Hn
Hn A
| amp.
Hn
|Fxy
Hn TM | time
Hn DT | date
Hn YE | year
Hn HR | time
Hn SE | sec.
Last trip (n=2). Penultimate trip (n=1)

Current at the moment of tripping (A = Amps)
Reason for tripping:
x= Trip At phase 1 (R), 2 (S), 3 (T), or (Neutral), Trip External (Ext.)
y= Trip. Time delayed (>) or Instantaneous (>>)
Time elapsed from unit start up to the trip (mSg.)
Day and month on which the trip occurred
Year in which the trip occurred
Time at which the trip occurred
Second in which the trip occurred
Page 63 of 84

ekorRP
IG-159-GB
version 07
20.09.2012
9. MODBUS PROTOCOL FOR ekorRP RANGE UNITS

The two communication ports of the relay use the same protocol: MODBUS in RTU
transmission mode (binary). The main advantage of this mode over the ASCII mode is that
the information is packed tighter, allowing a higher data transmission rate at the same
communication speed. Each message must be transmitted as a continuous string, as the
silences are used to detect the end of the message. The minimum duration of the SILENCE
is 3.5 characters.
RTU message frame
Start
Address
Function
Data
CRC
End
Silence
8 BITS
8 BITS
n x 8 BITS
16 BITS
Silence
The MODBUS ADDRESS of the relay (also called peripheral number) is a byte that takes
values between 0 and 31.
The master addresses the slave, indicating its address in the respective field and the slave
answers by indicating its own address. The '0' address is reserved for the 'broadcast' mode
so it can be recognised by all slaves.
Page 64 of 84

ekorRP
IG-159-GB
version 07
20.09.2012 84
9.1. READ / WRITE FUNCTIONS

In principle, only two functions will be implemented, one for reading and another for writing
data.
Data reading
Question:
Start
Address
Function
Silence
SLAD
Data
ADDR-H
ADDR-L
NDATA-H
NDATA-L
CRC
End
16 BITS
Silence
CRC
End
16 BITS
Silence
Response:
Start
Address
Function
No. of
BYTES
Silence
SLAD
Data
DATA1-H
DATA1-L
.......
where:
SLAD
ADDR-H
ADDR-L
Slave address
High byte of the address for the first register to be read
Low byte of the address for the first register to be read
NDATA-H
NDATA-L
DATA1-H
DATA1-L
N
High byte of the number of registers to be read

Low byte of the number of registers to be read
High byte of the first register requested
Low byte of the first register requested
Total number of data bytes. This will be equal to the number of
registers requested, multiplied by 2.
Data Writing
This makes it possible to write a single register at the address indicated.
Question:
Start
Address
Silence
SLAD
Function
6
Data
ADDR-H
ADDR-L
DATA-H
CRC
DATA-L
16
BITS
End
Silence
Response:
The normal response is an echo of the query received.
where:
SLAD
ADDR-H
ADDR-L
DATA-H
DATA-L
Slave address
High byte of the address for the register to be written.
Low byte of the address for the register to be written.
High byte of the data to be written.
Low byte of the data to be written.
Page 65 of 84

ekorRP
IG-159-GB
version 07
20.09.2012
Response in case of error

Start
Address
Function
Error-Code
CRC
End
Silence
SLAD
FUNC_ERR
CODE_ERROR
16 BITS
Silence
where:
SLAD
FUNC_ERR
CODE_ERROR
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
Slave address.
Code of the function requested, with the most significant bit
at 1.
Code of the error occurred.
Error in the number of registers
Wrong address
Incorrect data
attempt made to read a write-only address
session error
EEPROM error
Attempt being made to write in a read-only address
9.2. Password-protected Register Writing

The parameters are protected against writing by the USER PASSWORD.
A write session of password-protected parameters starts by entering the PASSWORD in the
respective address. The write session ends with the update of registers once the respective
PASSWORD has been transmitted again. If the timeout period has elapsed, the process is
aborted and the system returns to normal mode. In normal mode, any attempt to write a
protected registration will result in an error code 2'. The write session is valid for only one
port (the one that entered the PASSWORD has priority).
9.3. CRC GENERATION

The cyclical redundancy check (CRC) field contains two bytes that are added to the end of
the message. The receiver must re-calculate it and compare it with the received value. Both
values must be equal.
The CRC is the remainder obtained when dividing the message by a binary polynomial. The
receiver must divide all bits received (information plus CRC) by the same polynomial used to
calculate the CRC. If the remainder obtained is 0, the information frame is deemed correct.
The polynomial used will be: X15+X13+1
Page 66 of 84

ekorRP
IG-159-GB
version 07
20.09.2012 84
9.4. REGISTER MAP

USER SETTINGS: USER PASSWORD-PROTECTED WRITING
Field
Address
In
0x0000
CURVE_
CURVE_
PHASE
ZERO-SEQ
PHASE_INST
ZERO-SEQ_INST
PHASE_INST_OVERLOAD (I>)
ZERO-SEQ_CURRENT (Io>)
0x0001
K
PHASE_INST
_OCCUR
PHASE_INST
_TIME
0x0005
0x0006
Ko
ZEROSEQ_INST_OCCUR
ZEROSEQ_INST_TIME
PHASE_TRIP_COUNTER
EARTH_TRIP_COUNTER
EXTERNAL_TRIP_COUNTER
USER_PASSWORD
ZERO-SEQ_CURRENT (Io>)
0x0002
0x0003
0x0004
0x0007
0x0008
0x0009
0x000a
0x000b
0x000c
Contents
from 5 to 100 if RATED_I=0
from 15 to 630 if RATED_I=1
0:OFF; 1:NI; 2:VI; 3:EI; 4:DT
0:OFF, 1:DT;
0:100%; 1:101%; 2:102%,... 30:130%
Vector_sum
0-sequence_toroidal
0:10%;1:11%;
0:0.1; 1:0.2; 2:1.5 A
80%
In
0:0.05; 1:0.06; ... 20:1.6
0:3; 1:4;17:20
050 ms, 1 60 ms 270 ms, 3 80
ms 490 ms, 5 100 ms, 6200
ms...2,5 s
from 0000 to 9999
from 0000 to 9999
from 0000 to 9999
from 0000 to 9999
Vector_sum
0-sequence_toroidal
0:10%;1:11%;
0:0.1; 1:0.2; 2:0.3 A
80%
In
Page 67 of 84

ekorRP
IG-159-GB
version 07
20.09.2012
HISTORY LOGS; MEASUREMENTS; INPUTS / OUTPUTS; SOFT VERSION: READ ONLY

Field
Address
YEAR
User Setting Date
MONTH
HOUR
00
PENULT_TRIP
DAY
MINUTE
SECONDS
LAST_TRIP
0x0200
0x0201
0x0202
0x0203
0x0208
Contents
RTC Format
Bit
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
PHASE_LAST_TRIP_VALUE
ZERO-SEQ_LAST_TRIP_VALUE
Tripping History log
PHASE_LAST_TRIP_TIME
ZERO-SEQ_LAST_TRIP_TIME
YEAR
MONTH
DAY
HOUR
MINUTE
00
SECONDS
PHASE_PENULT_TRIP_VALUE
ZEROSEQ_PENULT_TRIP_VALUE
PHASE_PENULT_TRIP_TIME
ZEROSEQ_PENULT_TRIP_TIME
YEAR
MONTH
DAY
HOUR
MINUTE
00
SECONDS
Phase current L1
Phase current L2
Current metering
Phase current L3
0x0209
0x020a
0x020b
0x020c
0x020d
0x020e
0x020f
0x0210
0x0211
0x0212
0x0213
0x0214
0x0215
0x0216
0x0217
0x0218
0x0219
0x021a
0x021b
0x021c
0X021d
0X021e
0X021f
0X0220
0X0221
0X0222
0X0223
0X0224
Inputs
Software
version
Page 68 of 84
0x0225
functions
0x0226
Contents
Trip by phase
1: L1, 2: L2, 3: L3
Zero-sequence trip
NOT USED
External trip
Cause of the phase trip.
0: overload,
1: short-circuit
Cause of the zerosequence trip.
0: overload,
1: short-circuit
Double tripping
Current in hundredths of an A
Time in hundredths of a s
RTC Format
RTC Format
Hundredths of on A
Hundredths of on A
Hundredths of on A
Hundredths of on A
Bit 0: Input 1,
Bit 1: Input 2, etc.
from 0 to 99
from A to Z

ekorRP
IG-159-GB
version 07
20.09.2012 84
CLOCK
MONTH
HOUR
00
Field
Address
Contents
YEAR
0x0300
0x0301
0x0302
0x0303
from 2000 to 2059

from 1 to 12
from 1 to 31
from 0 to 23
from 0 to 59
0
from 0 to 59
DAY
MINUTE
SECONDS
PASSWORD KEYS: WRITING ONLY

Field
Address
Contents
USER PASSWORD KEY
0x0500
from 0 to 9999
Page 69 of 84

ekorRP
NOTES
Page 70 of 84
IG-159-GB
version 07
20.09.2012
10. ANNEX A
BRIEF GUIDE FOR COMMISSIONING THE ekorRPG UNIT

IN CGMCOSMOS-V, CGM-CMP-V & CGM.3-V
IG-159-GB
Annex A
version 07
BRIEF GUIDE FOR COMMISSIONING THE

ekorRPG UNIT
Page 72
of 84
20-09-2012
The following steps must be followed for correct commissioning:
1. Verify the power to be protected:

CGMCOSMOS / CGM-CGC / CGM.3 SYSTEMS
Line
voltage
[kV]
(1)
6,6
10
13,8
15
20
25 (1)
30 (1)
Min P.
[kVA]
[kVA]
Max P.
[kVA]
50
100
100
100
160
200
250
160
200
315
315
400
630
630
5000
7500
10000
12000
15000
20000
25000
for CGM-CGC and CGM.3 system cubicles only
2. Toroidal-core current transformers already installed:

Bushing
Protection and power supply
toroidal-core current transformers
(already installed)
Test flatbar
3. Connect the HV terminals:
Connected terminals (shielded). For

non-shielded or plug-in terminals the
current transformers (CT) must be
installed on the cable.
Connect braid to
earth collector
4. External connections:
Remove the terminal
box cover.
Connect
to
terminal
block:
G1-G2: 230 Vac or 48Vdc

(depending on model A
or B)
G5-G6: external trip
(thermostat)
IG-159-GB
Annex A
version 07

ekorRPG UNIT
Page 73
of 84
20-09-2012
5. Set relay:
Automatic mode:
Installation kV and kVA.
Manual mode:
Parameters: I>, I0>, I>>, ...
PHASE
SETTING
Table of settings:
IN
S
(UN 3)
EARTH SETTING
Type of
neutral
Curve
EI
Curve
Instantaneo
us
TD
Instantaneo
us
Solid or
impedant
NI
TD
Isolated or
resonant
NI
TD
I>
I>>
T>>
1,2
0,2
10
0,1
Io>
Ko
Io>>
To>>
0,2
0,2
0,1
0,2
0,2
0,1 /
Ig=2A(*)
( )
6. Trip test with current:
Remove earthing switch and close the switch.

Remove 230 Vac (G1- G2) to check that the selfpower supply is
operating (except B models).
Inject test current:
In two phase trip flatbars
In one earth trip flatbar
Repeat for I1, I2 and I3.
IG-159-GB
Annex A
version 07

ekorRPG UNIT
Page 74
of 84
20-09-2012
7. External trip test:

Short-circuit
and G6.
the
G5
Check
trip
and
indication EXT.
8. Commissioning:
Check I1 I2 I3.
Check I0 0.
Check 230 Vca connection (if available).
9. What to do in the event of:

ERROR
REASON
POSSIBLE CAUSES
Error 01
Incorrectly connected
thermometer
Thermometer connected to 230 V (with potentialfree contact).
Error 03
Switch Error
Switch mechanical blocking

Relay trip wiring error
Auxiliary contact error
I0 0
I1 I2 I3
I123 > 5 A and LED On
switched off
Relay trip in I0>> when
closing switch
Relay trip in I>> when
closing switch
Relay
will
communicate
not
Grid fault
incorrectly connected or Check that the grid and the secondary circuits are
secondary
circuit
not incorrectly connected
disconnected.
Incorrect
toroidal-core
current
transformer
Unbalance
connection
Check secondary circuits
Incorrectly connected toroidal-core current
Selfpowered
transformer
Incorrectly connected relay wiring
Real fault present.
Time T0 >>
Check if T0 >> sufficient, taking into account
insufficient
toroidal vector sum error.
Real fault present.
I >> insufficient
Check parameter I >>, taking into account
transformer current peak (10 times In ).
Incorrect communication cable connections.
Relay in energy-saving mode. Press a button of
Fault in
relay.
communication
Incorrect
configuration
of
communication
parameters.
IG-159-GB
Annex A
version 07
DISPLAY

ekorRPG UNIT
Page 75
of 84
20-09-2012

Phase 1
current
Last trip date
Phase 2
current
Phase instantaneous
multiplier
Last trip year
Phase 3
current

delay
Time at last trip
(Io or Ig)
Last trip second
Phase curve type
Zero-sequence curve
type
Earth instantaneous
multiplier
Phase instantaneous
enabling

delay
Zero-sequence
Full load current
Cause of last trip
Overload factor
Time at last trip
Second penultimate
trip
IG-159-GB
Annex A
version 07

ekorRPG UNIT
Page 76
of 84
20-09-2012
PARAMETER SETTING
Transformer
configuration
Prompt for
password
Word length
Prompt for old

password
Stop
bit(s)
Prompt for new

password
Date
at last setting
Repeat new
password
Parameter
configuration
Earth leakage
factor
Transmission
speed
Number of
external trips
Phase curve
type
Earth multiplier
constant
Parity
Firmware
version
Zero-sequence
curve type
Earth
instantaneous
multiplier
Word length
Password
modification
Modification
of date
Year
at last setting
Phase
instantaneous
enabling
Earth
instantaneous
time delay
Stop
bit(s)
Prompt for old

password
Modification
of year
Time
at last setting
Current that
caused the trip
Zero-sequence
instantaneous
enabling
Modification
of date
Date
at last setting
Prompt for new

password
Modification
of time
Second
at last setting
Trip time
Full load current
Modification
of year
Year
at last setting
Repeat new
password
Modification
of second
Number of
phase trips
Date
at trip
Overload factor
Modification
of time
Time
at last setting
Peripheral
no.
Year
at trip
Constant Phase
multiplier
Modification
of second
Second
at last setting
Protocol
no.
Number of
external trips
Time
at trip
Phase
instantaneous
multiplier
Peripheral
no.
Number of
phase trips
Transmission
speed
Firmware
version
Second
at trip
Phase
instantaneous
time delay
Protocol
no.
Parity
Password
modification
Line voltage
Trip
recognition
11. ANNEX B
BRIEF GUIDE FOR COMMISSIONING THE ekorRPG UNIT

IN
CGMCOSMOS-V, CGM-CMP-V & CGM.3-V
IG-159-GB
Annex B
version 07

ekorRPG UNIT IN
Page 78
of 84
20-09-2012
The following steps must be followed for correct commissioning:
1. Verify the power to be protected:

CGMCOSMOS SYSTEM
Line
voltage
[kV]
6,6
10
13,8
15
20
( )
Fuse rated MINIMUM transformer power

voltage
[kV]
Fuse rating [A]
[kVA]
3 / 7,2
6/12
10/24
10/24
10/24
16
10
16
16
16
MAXIMUM transformer power

Fuse rating [A]
( )
50
100
100
125
160
160
160 ()
100
125 ()
125
[kVA]
1250
1250
1250
1600
2000
442 mm cartridge
125 A SIBA SSK Fuse
( )
Line
voltage
Fuse Rated
Voltage
[kV]
CGM-CGC / CGM.3 System

MINIMUM Transformer Power MAXIMUM Transformer Power
[kV]
6,6
10
13,8
15
20
25
30
( )
3/7,2
6/12
10/24
10/24
10/24
24/36
24/36
Fuse Rating
[A]
[kVA]
16
16
10
16
16
25
25
50
100
100
125
160
200
250
Fuse Rating
[A]
160 ()
125
63
63
63
80 (2)
80 (2)
442 mm cartridge
SIBA SSK fuse (check)
(2)
2. Toroidal-core current transformers:

Installed on cables.
If the earthing grid originates from:
underneath the toroidal-core

current transformer: do not
pass the grid through it.
above
the
toroidal-core
current transformer: pass the
grid through it. Make sure that
the screen does not touch any
metal part before connecting it
to the cubicle earth collector.
Power
supply board
Protection and
power supply
toroidal-core
current
transformers
Earthing grids
Cables
3. Connect the HV terminals
[kVA]
1000
1250
800
1000
1250
2000
2500

ekorRPG UNIT IN
IG-159-GB
Annex B
version 07
Page 79
of 84
20-09-2012
4. External connections:
Remove the control box
cover.
Connect to the power supply
board:
J1: external trip (thermostat)
J4: 230Vac or 48Vdc
(depending on
model A or B)
5. Set relay:
Automatic mode:
Installation kV and kVA.
Manual mode:
Parameters: I>, I0>, I>>, ...
PHASE
SETTING
Table of settings:
Curve
Instantaneous
I>
I>>
T>>
EI
TD
1,2
0,2
0,4
Type of
neutral
Curve
Instantaneous
Io>
Ko
Io>>
To>>
Solid or
impedant
NI
TD
0,2
0,2
0,4
Isolated or
resonant
NI
TD
0,1
0,2
0,4
EARTH
SETTING
IN
S
(UN 3)
6. Trip test with current:
Remove earthing switch and close the switch.

Remove 230 Vac (J4) to check that the selfpower supply is operating (except B models).
Inject test current:
Insert the cable in two toroidal-core current transformers for phase tripping
Insert the cable in one toroidal-core current transformer for earth tripping
Repeat for I1, I2 and I3.
IG-159-GB
Annex B
version 07

ekorRPG UNIT IN
Page 80
of 84
20-09-2012
7. External trip test:

Short-circuit the J1
Check
trip
indication EXT.
and
8. Commissioning:
Check I1 I2 I3
Check I0 0
Check 230 Vca connection (if available)
9. What to do in the event of:

ERROR
REASON
POSSIBLE CAUSES
Error 01
Incorrectly connected
thermometer
Thermometer connected to 230 V (with potentialfree contact).
Error 03
Switch Error
Switch mechanical blocking

Relay trip wiring error
Auxiliary contact error
I0 0
I1 I2 I3
I123 > 5 A and LED On
switched off
Relay trip in I0>> when
closing switch
Relay trip in I>> when
closing switch
Relay
will
communicate
not
Grid fault
incorrectly connected or Check that the grid and the secondary circuits
secondary circuit
are not incorrectly connected
disconnected
Incorrect toroidal-core current transformer
Unbalance
connection
Check secondary circuits
Incorrectly connected toroidal-core current
Self powered
transformer
Incorrectly connected relay wiring
Real fault present.
Time T0 >>
Check if T0 >> sufficient, taking into account
insufficient
toroidal vector sum error.
Real fault present.
I >> insufficient
Check parameter I >>, taking into account
transformer current peak (10 times In ).
Incorrect communication cable connections.
Relay in energy-saving mode. Press a button of
Fault in
relay.
communication
Incorrect
configuration
of
communication
parameters.
IG-159-GB
Annex B
version 07
DISPLAY

ekorRPG UNIT IN
Page 81
of 84
20-09-2012

Phase 1
current
Last trip date
Phase 2
current
Phase instantaneous
multiplier
Last trip year
Phase 3
current

delay
Time at last trip
(Io or Ig)
Last trip second
Phase curve type
Zero-sequence curve
type
Earth instantaneous
multiplier
Phase instantaneous
enabling

delay
Zero-sequence
Full load current
Cause of last trip
Overload factor
Time at last trip
Second penultimate
trip

ekorRPG UNIT IN
IG-159-GB
Annex B
version 07
Page 82
of 84
20-08-2012
PARAMETER SETTING
Transformer
configuration
Prompt for
password
Word length
Prompt for old

password
Stop
bit(s)
Prompt for new

password
Date
at last setting
Repeat new
password
Parameter
configuration
Earth leakage
factor
Transmission
speed
Number of
external trips
Phase curve
type
Earth multiplier
constant
Parity
Firmware
version
Zero-sequence
curve type
Earth
instantaneous
multiplier
Word length
Password
modification
Modification
of date
Year
at last setting
Phase
instantaneous
enabling
Earth
instantaneous
time delay
Stop
bit(s)
Prompt for old

password
Modification
of year
Time
at last setting
Current that
caused the trip
Zero-sequence
instantaneous
enabling
Modification
of date
Date
at last setting
Prompt for new

password
Modification
of time
Second
at last setting
Trip time
Full load current
Modification
of year
Year
at last setting
Repeat new
password
Modification
of second
Number of
phase trips
Date
at trip
Overload factor
Modification
of time
Time
at last setting
Peripheral
no.
Year
at trip
Constant Phase
multiplier
Modification
of second
Second
at last setting
Protocol
no.
Number of
external trips
Time
at trip
Phase
instantaneous
multiplier
Peripheral
no.
Number of
phase trips
Transmission
speed
Firmware
version
Second
at trip
Phase
instantaneous
time delay
Protocol
no.
Parity
Password
modification
Line voltage
Trip
recognition
IG-159-GB
version 07
20.09.2012

ekorRP
NOTES
Page 83 of 84
TECHNICAL - COMMERCIAL DEPARTMENT:

www.ormazabal.com
Page 84 of 84

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IG-159-GB

Legal Deposit: 1457/2012

Elimination of hazards wherever possible.

Service conditions must be compatible with the equipment rating.

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GENERAL DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................ 5

PROTECTION FUNCTIONS ....................................................................................... 16

METERING FUNCTIONS ............................................................................................ 21

TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS ............................................................................. 26

PROTECTION, METERING AND CONTROL MODELS ............................................ 28

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SETTING AND HANDLING MENUS ........................................................................... 51

MODBUS PROTOCOL FOR ekorRP RANGE UNITS ................................................ 64

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1.1. GENERAL FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS

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1.2. PARTS OF THE UNIT

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Figure 1.2: Example of ekorRPT unit installation in fused protection cubicles

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1.2.1. Electronic Relay

1.2.2. Current Sensors

The inner diameter of the toroidal-core current

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1.2.3. Power Supply and Test Board

1.2.4. Bistable trigger

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1.3. COMMUNICATIONS AND PROGRAMMING SOFTWARE

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The ekorSOFT setup program has three main operating modes:

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Protection units that include the above mentioned

Power ranges to protect

Power ranges to protect

See tables 7.3.2 and 7.4.2

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2.2. GENERAL PROTECTION

Power ranges to protect

Power ranges to protect

See tables 7.3.2 and 7.4.2

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2.3. LINE PROTECTION

Maximum rated current

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3.2. THERMOMETER (EXTERNAL TRIP)

3.3. EARTH ULTRASENSITIVE DEVICE

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Main advantages derived from the use of sensor based systems:

5.1.1. Functional Characteristics of Current Sensors

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Toroidal power transformers

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5.1.2. Vector Sum/Zero-SequenceWiring

DETECTION OF EARTH CURRENT BY VECTOR SUM

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Zero-sequence Toroidal Current Transformers

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