Teaching Portfolio

Teaching to Discover the Potential

Teaching Practice I
Keiry Zuleyma Rivas Arias
Universidad Gerardo Barrios

March 2nd, 2015

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INTRODUCTION

Teaching is to communicate to students clearly about knowledge, skills, ideas

or experiences that they do not possess, for the purpose of that understand and take
ownership for application to a particular time in their lives. That is why; there are
many tools that can help the teacher to create a good Teaching Process. Through this
paper, it can show one of the tool that can support both the teaching process of the
teacher as well as the learning process of students this tool is a Teaching Portfolio.
Teaching portfolio details the development of each of the elements that must
be take into account as a teacher before to starts to teach a class. The main purpose
is to present the different points that should be included in a teaching portfolio that
is why during the performance of this portfolio is necessary to clarify the following
aspects:
The first point that is necessary to take into account is, what a portfolio is
because otherwise it is clear this point it not be able to perform this research, which
includes the elements that are necessary to know to create in a properly way a
portfolio. The second point is the self-evaluation and reflection we have to reflect to
know what we are doing right or wrong and then self-evaluate to change the things
that prevent developing good teaching-learning process because before we have to
teach a class is necessary self-evaluate to diagnose whether we are able to teach a
class to students. The third point that is developed is how should I structure my
Teaching Portfolio? In order to know the correct way in which I need to create my
teaching portfolio. The fourth point is to answer to ourselves what are our teaching
responsibilities that we need to have to become in a teacher, in addition which is our
statement of teaching philosophy and, finally is mentioned the strategies, techniques
and objectives that each teacher must have.

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What is a Teaching Portfolio?

According to (Saskatchewan, 2001) a Teaching Portfolio is A personal record

drawn up and compiled by the teacher, often according to institutional,
departmental, or college guidelines. As the above definition says, a teaching
portfolio describes the documentation of each teacher, this documentation may
include teaching philosophy that refers to what the teacher expects of students, also
includes the goals that arise as a teacher at the beginning to start teaching to
students, once established what a teacher wants to fulfill, at the end is necessary to
include the achievements that as a teacher was able to meet both related to being a
better teacher as well as the achievements accomplished with students. However,
before structuring all these points the teacher should be clear what is his personal
approach, so to this way he/she can establish each of the goals, principles and
philosophy according to the approach that he/she has chosen as a teacher.

A teaching portfolio (or dossier) is a coherent set of material that

represents your teaching practice as related to student learning. (Sorcinelli, 2000)
the creation of a teaching portfolio goes beyond to include a series of activities
undertaken with students, as stated in the above definition a teaching portfolio
relates everything that involves the way that as a teachers develop the class in order
to include certain components that would help to enrich the knowledge of the
students and the way that students learn. That is why, there is an outline that people
who are in the teaching process should follow to make their teaching portfolio is
properly designed. According to the researched, there are a number of elements that
are critical to creating a teaching portfolio because through these elements it can
shows the performance that teachers have in their working life, some of them are:
Goals which include preferred principles for good teaching; plans for actions for
improvement, curricular projects, publications, presentations and all things that
should be planned at the beginning of starting to teach a class. Responsibilities,
which refers to the obligations, or commitments that as a teacher agree to comply
with the students and the school. Evaluations that included a summary of the
evaluation data previously made and Results, which may include Student successes
noteworthy achievements of students.
That is why; within a teaching portfolio will be reflected the capacity that the
teacher has to develop in an educational environment as well as the effectiveness of
the teacher performances.

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Self-Evaluation and Reflection

According to (Dictionary, s.f.) Self- Evaluation is Looking at

your progress, development and learning to determine what has improved and
what areas still need improvement. Usually involves comparing a "before"
situation with a current situation. Nowadays, in our country and around the
world is talk about the quality of education that each school must have thus totally
satisfy the needs of each student deserves, but often this "Education Quality" is not
achieved and is a problem that must resolve both the government of the country
and also the authorities of each school, that is why self-evaluation is an instrument
that should be taken into account in the educational process because it helps both
the progress that teacher has of him/herself as well as the progress that each of the
students have during the learning process. If we take first of all the self-evaluation
that teachers must be made to consider whether the things that are being made are
correct, doing this helps the teacher to determine his/her highs and lows this will
help to realize which are the things that he/she have to improve to become in a
better teacher.
On the other hand, if we take the self-evaluation that the teacher should make
to the student taking into account the different learning styles that each student has
that is why, it helps greatly because the teacher tends to diagnose what are the
previous knowledge, experiences, social development that they have. In addition,
the self-evaluation helps to students to realize itself and knows which the progress
is in the teaching-learning process; as well, it helps to build motivation since they
are seeing the progress that they have, so this motivated to continue striving to
improve even more.
Self-evaluation should help teachers to identify the best way forward for
themselves, the children and young people, their school and their wider learning
community including associated schools groups. (Education Scotland, 2010)
Focused on the above quote, self-evaluation helps greatly to teachers to progress as
people who engaged the teaching career because it helps them to recognize the best
way to develop in their educational environment, also as it mentioned above the
self-evaluation not only encourages the teachers but also to the students, and as well
as the whole school, in order to ensure that all individuals involved in the teachinglearning process to focus on determine the success and the results that they expect
during this process.

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Self-evaluation of learning and teaching should not be an overly explicit or

mechanistic process. It should be a reflective professional process through which
teachers get to know themselves better in terms of their strengths and areas for
development. That is why here it should be mentioned a definition of Reflection
according to (Clements, 2013) Reflection is an integral part of the learning
process, it allows us to learn more about ourselves and how we learn, but it also
aids us in improving academic skills. Reflection is a process that goes hand by
hand with self-evaluation because before a self-evaluation, we must reflect on
ourselves to know who we are, in which way we learn, what are our skills and
abilities. Once this is done, it is introduce the self-evaluation to recognize which are
the strongest skills that we have and what are the weakest in order to improve it,
and finally learn to develop as better teachers.

Reflection is decidedly educational. It is simply an opportunity through

which one can learn from experience. Reflection can take numerous forms, and
touch on an endless variety of issues. It furthers learning and inspires provocative
thought and action. Most of all, it can benefit the individual and the community
(Reed, 2000-2001) Focus on the previous quote, Reflection involves not only the
teacher but also all individuals who are in teaching-learning process and that can
help to make this process better, considering what was previously practiced
(Experiences) if these experiences have been successful is necessary to take note of
them, to resume them in the future and maybe make some changes in order to
improve the educational quality that should be in every school. However, it can be
said that reflect just knows to think deep what we want to show as school, as
teachers and as individual.

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Why do I need a Teaching Portfolio?

A teaching portfolio is an essential part of your professional development.

Is a document records your achievements, allows you to reflect on your teaching
and supports your applications for tenure and promotion. (Adelaide, 2005) As the
definition says, a portfolio it is necessary not only to realize the performance that the
teacher has had for some time, also to demonstrate the achievements that as a
teacher have made over time, and it is quite acceptable to reflect on teaching
activities that did not have the desired effect of improving student learning, as well
as those activities that were successful. In addition, serves as a kind of promotion to
ourselves and often may have advantages when we are looking for a job because it
is a collection of documents that tells a story about us, illustrating our professional
growth and teaching achievements and a solid evidence of effectiveness that the
teacher has, at the moment when it is looking for work this serves as a reference
because that makes the job interview will easier to complete because within a
teaching portfolio is included the things that I did as a teacher and that probably will
ask before getting a job.
In my case, I think that I need a teaching portfolio to realize the achievements
that I will obtain over my teaching practice as well as the achievements that I will
have when I start my career as a teacher, not only realize the achievements but also
of the failures that I will obtain within my career, through this way somehow try to
improve them, since that is one of the features that creating a teaching portfolio has
"Promote review of the own practice" to improve or change the areas which are not
safe and be able to identify that within these areas there may be some strengths that
can help to become better teachers also as I mentioned previously reflection is
another main things that is included in a teaching portfolio and for me is very
important to take into account to create a portfolio that is why this is another of the
characteristics that a teaching portfolio includes "Promote reflection" because before
I create a teaching portfolio as a prone student to become a teacher I have to reflect
and realize the vision of teaching and learning that I want to project to people and
my students.
Based on what I have researched, the creation of a portfolio also helps to
facilitate the collaboration of the other co-workers because allows to discuss the
problems that everyone has, they can also exchange their experiences to share the
ideas that they have, so that together they can succeed in creating a quality education
and effective for their students.

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In conclusion and according to the research, is very necessary to have a

teaching portfolio in which I as a student first can show who I am as a teacher which
is my philosophy, what are my goals, my methodology the strategies that I look to
teach my class correctly, through which I can have a concrete compilation of my
performance if it has been effective for me the process which I have been involved,
and what has been the evolution that I have had in this process as a student, also
allows me as a student reflect on my weaknesses and how I have to change them in
strengths when I become in teacher as well as show my experiences, my
performance, so in the near future it can serve me for get a job easily, and finally
share my teaching portfolio to serve as a basis for people who want to enter the
world of teaching.

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How should I structure my Teaching Portfolio?

Focused on (Seldin, 2004) A portfolio can include a number of different
types of documents. Those, which you may choose to include, will depend on
your purpose for creating a portfolio; the type of teaching you have done; your
academic discipline; and your portfolios intended audience. As the definition
says each teaching portfolio is unique but usually can be structured according to
evidence of learning that the teacher presents both to show the process followed in
their training and to be evaluated or to promote employment as well as to collect the
achievements in the performance and make decisions for improvement, and not
only that but also must contain the record of learning is like a container of various
documents, a collection of activities that the teacher has done, where they have
his/her efforts, progress and achievement. However, to structure a good teaching
portfolio is required to take into account some aspects such as:

Your philosophy on teaching and learning.

Documentation for current teaching practices, self-reflection on current
practices and plans for future improvement.
Evidence of your performance as a teacher (NTEU, 2005)

If we take the first aspect, we can say that in this point it can show which is
the role that each individual have inside this process, the objectives that the teacher
has set for himself and for his students, the beliefs, attitudes, and values about
teaching and learning, within this aspect it should highlight the expectations that we
have as a teacher about the responsibilities and obligations that we will choose when
we are already in the process of learning.
In the second aspect, it should be mentioned all the achievements that as
teacher has been obtained concerning education, as well as including the results of
the self-reflection that we already did at the beginning, the changes that were made
to improve plans and activities for students and mention those which were made by
ourselves and by someone else, in addition make mention of any plans or projects
that will be made in the future.
In the latest aspects, it should include all the evidence relating to the
performance that has had as a teacher, according to what I researched, within a
Teaching Portfolio it may include lesson plans which were highlighted in the
learning process that the students have had, as well as also incorporate appropriate
pictures which show the students who are enjoying with the lesson plans that it has

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created, as well as images of the different scenarios that have been used to develop
certain activities that have served to improve learning process of each student.
It is concluded that, to structure a teaching portfolio, it should consider some
aspects and contents that are theoretically given and that must be followed in order
to show that exact teacher performance and development that has taken in a period
of time and through this the teaching portfolio will be correct and complete.

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Teaching Responsibilities

The teaching responsibilities section of your dossier serves both to outline

your teaching history and to demonstrate your teaching effectiveness within your
specific teaching context (Toronto, 2006). According to the previous quote, the
teaching responsibilities refers to the way that I as teacher provide my own
experience about the teaching process in which I was involved, within this
experience I must include all the things that I had done over a period of time. In that
sense, I show the performances that I did for the students, and if these were effective
to improve the knowledge that the students acquired in their teaching learning
process. However, to create my section of teaching responsibilities it is necessary to
include some elements such as, the number of hours in which teaching performance
was developed, also it is necessary to mention the level that each student have, as
well as make mention about the area in which we were involved.
In my case, the process of my teaching responsibilities were taken place in
Centro Escolar Alberto Masferrer from San Rafael Oriente where I did my social
hours with students of Elementary School, in a period of 500 hours, taking as sample
of students of Second, and third grade that were positioned in level of starters
because they did not have any knowledge about English as well as students of
seventh to ninth grade that are located in basic level.
Firstly, I will take students from second and third grade, with the students I
had to take the role of teacher because they did not have that subject and the subject
program that is why I had to star with basic things like the vowels, numbers,
alphabet, and colors. Also, I worked with them most of the time using images
because I could see that they show more interest and also they learned better
through images as well with those children, I implemented a dynamic with each of
the topic that I gave them for example The Colors, with this topic I told them the
pronunciation and then they must repeated it twice, after that a students had to pass
in front the board to identify the color that I told him/her before that, the students
must pronounced and then the students pointed to one of the colors and the rest of
the students had to repeat it, I could see that this technique help them to memorized
each of the words that they repeated it.
While time pass, I could see that their learning was quickly and I had to
change the topics but used the same technique because it was so helpful for the
students and it became an interactive classroom. Through the time, I could realize

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that these kind of students were more attentive to the class, then the students of
seventh, eighth and ninth, grade, although I used the same technique with them,
they did not show attention and interest to class, maybe because they already had
been working since the beginning of the year with this subject.

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Statement of Teaching Philosophy

According to (Montell, 2010) A teaching philosophy is a self-reflective

statement of your beliefs about teaching and learning. In addition to general
comments, your teaching philosophy should discuss how you put your beliefs
into practice by including concrete examples of what you do or anticipate doing
in the classroom. That is means, teaching philosophy statement is becoming part
of the academic job search dossier, the teaching philosophy serves as a formative
purpose because is a document that help us to reflect on and improve our teaching,
is like a reflection of our education and classroom experience as well as it should
communicate the goals of our teaching and our corresponding actions as a teacher
that is why most of time it becomes in the central point of our teaching portfolio;
and within this is necessary add a collection of elements that help us to support our
philosophy, to take the role of the teacher in a school we must take into account not
only the values, or our beliefs but also have to analyze what kind of student we have
in the classroom, we need to distinguish the key points of each of the students, what
motivate them, what are their differences and what are their similarities.
Each teacher has his/her own philosophy that makes him or her unique in
the teaching that is why, this is my teaching philosophy:
Transmit knowledge to create great minds in the future. Give them all of you
I believe that all of us as teacher can teach to students with Love, that means
that I must love my job and, for myself, teaching provides an opportunity for steady
learning and growth. That is why one of my goals as an educator is to instill a love
of learning in my students, as I share my own enthusiasm for learning with them.
for that reason I have to transmit all of me to them because if I as a teacher keep a
little of what I want to teach to my students probably they going to need these
minimum thing that I do not teach them, that is why it is really necessary for a
teacher not holding anything, even if I think that students do not need it, may be for
the simple reason that they have no interest in the class, but for me as a teacher, it
does not matter, I just want that my students developing their own potential and
inside them appears the desire to learn more, and I want to help them to develop.
There is no a perfect teacher that have all the knowledge necessary to give
the students, but I as teacher have to try to do for my students, I must do my best
effort for them, so that they may be capable people in a future, and they can discover
who they really are, and what is their true potential because as a teacher I have to
give the source of information and not be the source, since students sometimes go

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in search of knowledge and construct their own knowledge. Because that is my role
as teacher to guide, my students to they discover their own knowledge.
On the other hand, I will try to perform certain activities that help me to
recognize that students development by my own knowledge transmission as well
as create an interactive environment in which they can feel motivated to these
activities and to participate by themselves all this help to students to develop a deep
love and respect for themselves, for their classmates and their own environment but
this will occur through an open sharing of ideas that serves me to realize what they
know because in addition to transmit my knowledge I also want to know the
knowledge that each of them have and try to learn from them. With this, I want that
they become independent individuals without fear of showing who they really are.
One of the things that I also take into account will be the classroom
environment because that is the place where I can share some of my knowledge to
them and that is why it must be appropriate both for the needs of my students and
to show what I want as teacher, as well the environment must be according to the
differences that each one has. As we know, each student has a different way to learn
that is why they should be treated in the same way; I will look for the way to
implement and adapt different methods and techniques that will help me to treat to
everyone equally, so that they can acquire the same knowledge but in their own
way.
Teaching is an art, which I learn new things every day, not only from books
or the Internet but also of everyone that is around me, my education began in my
home with my parents, then continued with my teachers that are an essential part
of my education. Education is like a circle, everything depend on the same, if I as a
teacher did not learn from my parents, or what my teachers taught me, now that I
will teach I will not be able to teach to my students the true meaning of education.

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Teaching Methodologies, Strategies and Objectives

Teaching Methodologies
The term teaching method refers to the general principles, pedagogy and
management strategies used for classroom instruction. (Rossier, 2008) Based on
the previous definition, it is important that teachers learn to use a variety of teaching
methodologies in order to know for the variety of learning needs and requirements
that are present within most class environments. It is necessary that the classroom
has an explicit teaching because this helps to improve the development of the
students and see the progress that they have in different areas of learning, as we
know each of the students have a different way of learning that is why, the teacher
must create the appropriate methodology for each students needs.
According to what I researched, teaching methodology is not the same as an
educational philosophy, but even though this is in that way, the teaching
methodology depends of what is my Educational Philosophy, because if we do not
have clear which is our Teaching Philosophy, I as teacher could not implement any
of the methodologies that I have planned for my students into the classroom that is
why, it is really necessary to know what we want as teacher, and what the students
need and want to improve in their knowledge, if we have not established our
objectives, our goals we wont know how to create the methodologies much less how
to apply these methodologies that we already have planned in our students.
In my Teaching Process, I have the opportunity to transmit all what I know
to my students but to do this; I have to devise my own methods but based to a theory
as well as create my own objectives and beliefs about how to do the best for my
students so, together with them I can accomplish my objectives as a teacher and at
the same time I could help to satisfy the needs of each of them, in order to they can
understand what I want to transmit to them. On the other hand, I want to develop
my skills in a complete way with the help of my students, because as I said in my
teaching philosophy there is not a perfect teacher that is why, I will learn from my
students and I could complete my skills. In addition to that, I look for the best
teaching method, in order to fit the necessities of my students, I would like to
provide all the techniques to fulfill the requirements necessaries to them and to this,
they can be capable of improve their knowledge by themselves.
One of the techniques that I would like to apply in order to perform my
methodology are Discussions Groups in which the students can learn not only to
interact and communicate with their classmates but also this help them to practice

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the language while they develop the speaking skill, another technique that I would
like to embed with my students is Reading Aloud, this help them to practice the
pronunciation of the language and at the same time they could understand better
what they are read it, Lecture can be join with Work Groups because they can create
team works in which they can discuss what they are reading as well as allows them
to create a critical thinking and at the same time they can share and explain their
ideas with their team works. To attain all those techniques I will implement the
method "Community Language Learning" because this help to students to work
together to develop different aspects that would like to improve. Also, I would like
to use Realia with my students because to this way, I can improve the students
understanding about the real life situation as well as it will be facilitate their learning
and with the help of real objects, their comprehension and understanding will be
easier.
My teaching methodology is based on a variety of techniques that could help
the students in order to improve their own learning process and at the same time it
would help me to accomplish my methodology, but to design in a correct way those
activities I have to achieve my objectives and goals that I have planned at beginning.

Teaching Strategies
The goal of a teaching strategy is to facilitate learning, to motivate
learners, to engage them in learning, and to help them focus (Education, 2014)
Making emphasis on the above definition, the Teaching Strategy help to engage
students in learning, with the implementation of some techniques that can help to
students not only to involve them in the learning process but also to develop their
critical thinking as well as to improve their language skills and making an effective
learning-process. There is a fundamental importance of the teaching strategies and
as I mentioned above is to make easier to apply a variety of teaching methods and
techniques in order to create a learning environment appropriate to the students.
As we know, the teacher labor in the teaching-learning process is understand,
guide and specially facilitate the development of learning of each student that is why
that exist different methods and techniques that help to facilitate the learning
process to them, the teacher must adopt different strategies according to the needs
of students and thus allow to treat the different styles and rhythms of learning of
their students.

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In my case, I will apply a variety of teaching strategies that involved a series

of techniques that help me to create a good environment for my students in order to
they can develop their knowledge in a correct way as well as to support me as
teacher to accomplish the objectives that I have planned at the beginning for my
students also an effective implementation of strategies can help me to teach the class
easily. That is why I will take into account the following strategies according to
(Mason, 2010):
Case Method: It is say that, the case method is an instructional strategy
that engages students in active discussion about issues and problems
that are not related to their learning environment. That is why, the case
method for me, as teacher would be a good strategy that I would apply
to my students because it would help them to increase their critical
thinking about the things that affect their learning.
Discussion: According to the researched Discussion is a strategy that
can be used in two ways, both oral and written, if we take the first oral
discussion helps students to create an environment of interaction
between each of them, in turn allows me as a teacher to know the
different viewpoints of my students about the topic that is studied at
that time. Furthermore if we take the written form it is says that, is also
named strategy paper because it allows students to focus on the
opinions of others more in depth since it involves the silence and this
allows a clearer concentration of students, as well as also helps
students who are often shy to participate in an oral discussion that is
why, the purpose of this technique is builds confidence in students to
they can express freely.
Lecture: Lecture it is said to one of the oldest methods that exist until
now and that has remained intact because it is one of the ways that are
more useful nowadays and allows students to focus on the information
that the teacher is offering at that time as well as the student also has
the ability to creates their own lecture and presents information that
probably is not in the books and in turn give their own view of that
information.
Active Learning: Active learning in the classroom is a process that
goes hand in hand with the strategies mentioned above because it is a

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process that allows students to engage in activities such as reading,

writing and discussion as well as problem solving. Is one of the
strategies that I as a teacher would like to keep in my classroom
because I want that my students will be active learners in their learning
process.
Cooperative Learning: I think that, Cooperative Learning is a great
strategies that I as teacher can use to improve the interaction between
my students because according to what I read about Cooperative
Learning allows the creation of small groups of students to work
together for the achievement of a common goal or objectives and at the
same time when the students are related with others classmates this
promote the interactive environment in the classroom.
Integrating Technology: Technology nowadays is one of the biggest
phenomena to worldwide that is why; this is one of the strategies that
we as teachers must use, in order to improve the teaching process for
each of the students because today students have different preferences
for how information is presented and that is why, technology helps to
increase the motivation to learn new things as well as helps them to
develop their cognitive and language skills.
Teaching Objectives
According to (Armstrong, 2014) An objective is a (relatively) shorter-term
goal, which successful learners will achieve within the scope of the course itself.
Objectives are often worded in course documentation in a way that explains to
learners what they should try to achieve as they learn. As the definition says the
teaching objectives are a guide of components in the teaching-learning process; are
instruction for both students and teacher because the objectives defines the purpose
and aspirations that a teacher wants to achieve in order to accomplish all the needs
that the students have as well as the purposes that students have planned at
beginning of their learning process. Teaching objectives help us as teacher to
propose what we want for our students as well as help us to facilitate what we are
going to do during the process of learning. At the end of the teaching process as
teachers if we fulfill our objectives set at the beginning of our process, we will have
a satisfaction to know that we accomplished with everything that we set out to make
with our students.

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In my case, my teaching objectives is to transmit all my knowledge to my

students so they can acquire in an easy way. I think that education has an important
role in the learning process of the students; I know as a teacher that to give an
effective teaching is my responsibility but it is also the responsibility of each students
to acquire this knowledge. It is known that teaching is not an easy thing and not
everyone can do, it requires a hard effort and potential to exert this position.
To promote an interactive Classroom environment in order to create a
communication between students-students and teacher-students.
To encourage collaboration among students in order to create
collaborators students.
To create a good atmosphere in order to students can participate and
develop their knowledge easily.
To facilitate their learning process with the help of all the
methodologies and strategies that exist.
To create students capable of develop by themselves in a future.
My teaching objectives make emphasizes in both my philosophy of teaching
as well as to discover the potential and knowledge that my students have, that is
why at the beginning of the teaching-learning process I hope to accomplish all my
Teaching Objectives.

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