1) VLE curve generation

(Assuming ideal behaviour given by raoult' law)

Pt
101300 Pa
For H2, saturation vapour pressure, Ps
exp(9.64596-83.5177/T+1.9804ln(T))
For T2, saturation vapour pressure, Ps
exp(15.8148-164.486/T+0.707997ln(T))
TK

Ps,H2(A)
13
15
17
20
20.3
21
21.5
22
22.5
23
23.5
24
24.5
25
26
28
30

4028.491
12596.02
31071.61
89574.25
98127.3
120367
138329
158135
179884
203677
229610
257783
288291
321230
394776.5
575090.6
804332.5

Ps,T2(B)

Pt

145.1848
868.1444
3446.31
16505.84
18836.5
25276.9
30836.7
37294.9
44742.1
53271.4
62978.1
73959.2
86313.1
100139
132606
219584.1
341113.6

101300
101300
101300
101300
101300
101300
101300
101300
101300
101300
101300
101300
101300
101300
101300
101300
101300

26.04863
8.563518
3.542177
1.160476
1.04001
0.79949
0.65552
0.52967
0.41851
0.31933
0.22998
0.14873
0.0742
0.00525
-0.119411
-0.33272
-0.517711

1.06482
1.086487
1.026148
1.00744
0.94997
0.89514
0.82684
0.74317
0.64205
0.52128
0.37849
0.21117
0.01665
-0.465357
-1.888887
-4.110681

Average value of separation factor

Separation factor

separation factor
#VALUE!
0.124344
0.306729
0.884247
0.96868
1.18822
1.36553
1.56105
1.77576
2.01063
2.26664
2.54475
2.84592
3.17108
3.897103
5.677103
7.940103
1.96983

(y/(1-y)/(x/(1-x))

Equation for generating VLE data for hydrogen tritium cryogenic distillation
2) To determine the enthalpy concentration diagram

(Ponchon Sovariet method)

The enthalpy concentration diagram is needed to determine the no of trays from the tie line.
Q
xF
xD
xW

50 wt% H2(A)
50 wt% T2(B)F

360 gmoles/day
0.75 m.f of h2 in the feed
0.982759 mf of h2 in the distillate
0.029412 mf of h2 in the residue

3) Mc cab thiele method to determine the no of trays

Assume reflux ratio values
R
xD
Intercept D
0.605 0.982759 0.612311

no. stages
L=R*D
0.0115 0.006958 kmoles/hr

q=1

0.7
0.8
0.908
1.029
2
4

0.982759
0.982759
0.982759
0.982759
0.982759
0.982759

0.578093
0.545977
0.515073
0.484356
0.327586
0.196552

0.0115 0.00805 kmoles/hr

0.0115
0.0092 kmoles/hr
0.0115 0.010442 kmoles/hr
0.0115 0.011834 kmoles/hr
0.0115
0.023 kmoles/hr
0.0115
0.046 kmoles/hr

9
8
8
8
7
6

q line determination
q=(Hg-Hf)/(Hg-Hl)
T x,y diagram
20.3
21
21.5
22
22.5
23
23.5
24
24.5
25

The quantity q is the heat required to convert 1 mol of feed from its condition Hf

Boiling point of hydrogen

Boiling point of tritium

20.3 K
25 K

1.2
1
0.8
0.6

Column F

0.4
0.2
0
0

1.9698x/(1+x0.969)

variet method)

om the tie line.

no. stages
q=0
--

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.2

--16
11
7
6

eed from its condition Hf to a saturated vapor, divided by the molal latent heat

Problem Definition: A system consisting a mixture containning hydrogen (50%) and tritium(50%) at 1
rectified at 1 std atmosphere pressure at a rate of 360 gmoles/day to provide a distillate containning 9
(by weight). The feed gas is to be cooled to cryogenic temperature to bring the gases to its boiling te
hydrogen and tritium to liquid state. The distillate is to be totally condensed into a liquid and the reflu
Determine
1) VLE data
2) quantity of products
3) enthalpy of feed and products
4) minimum reflux ratio
95% H2 D
minimum number of theoretical trays
condensor and reboiler heat loads
360 gmoles/day
xF
xD
xW

50 wt% H2(A)
50 wt% T2(B)F

0.75 m.f of h2 in the feed

0.982759 mf of h2 in the distillate
0.029412 mf of h2 in the residue
1% H2 W

Material balance
F=D+W Overall balance
FxF=DxD+WxW
Component materail balance
D+w
0.015
0.01125 DxD+WxW
D
W

0.0115 kmoles/hr
0.0035 kmoles/hr

%) and tritium(50%) at 10 K is to be contimuously

a distillate containning 95% hydrogen and a residue containning 1% hydrogen
he gases to its boiling temperature. Liquid helium is emploed to condense
nto a liquid and the reflux returned at the bubble point.

95% H2 D

1% H2 W

T x, y daigram
x
T
1.040013
0.799487
0.655522
0.52967
0.418507
0.319328
0.229979
0.148734
0.074201
0.005251

y
20.3
21
21.5
22
22.5
23
23.5
24
24.5
25

1.00744
0.949967
0.895137
0.826842
0.743167
0.64205
0.521279
0.37849
0.211169
0.016652

at constant pressure and varying temperature

T
20.3
21
21.5
22
22.5
23
23.5
24
24.5
25

T,x,y diagram for low boili

44

References: Treybal & Randell Barron)

,x,y diagram for low boiling component

4444
4

Antoines equation form is given as lnP=AB/(T+clnT)

suppose we have P. we need to calculate t

hydrogen
tritium

HYDROGEN
INSERT P=
LNP-A=X

101325
1.8801284515

T
CLNT
X-CLNT
T(X-CLNT)
VALUE=T(X-CLN

2
1.3727086764
0.5074197751
1.0148395502
84.5325395502

saturation temperatures at Hydrogen

give pressure.
tritium
system pressure (Pa)
101325
T estimate
mole fraction hydrogen

T1sat
T2sat
0.1 20.4073 25.04043
0.2 20.4073 25.04043
0.3 20.4073 25.04043
0.4 20.4073 25.04043
0.5 20.4073 25.04043
0.6 20.4073 25.04043
0.7 20.4073 25.04043
0.8 20.4073 25.04043
0.9 20.4073 25.04043
1 20.4073 25.04043

24.5771113681
24.1137971485
23.6504829289
23.1871687093
22.7238544897
22.2605402701
21.7972260505
21.3339118309
20.8705976113
20.4072833917

C
A
B
C

PRESSURE
LNP-A=X

101325
101325
HYDROGEN
TRITIUM
1.8801284515 -4.288712

T saturation at 101325 Pa
CLNT
X-CLNT
T(X-CLNT)
VALUE=T(X-CLNT)-B

20.407283844
5.9726722956
-4.092543844
-83.51770387
-3.86931E-006

25.04045
2.280099
-6.568811
-164.486
2.75E-005

tritium because T optimise

Tb

p1sat
24.3232213918
23.6801261981
23.1048775436
22.5901027861
22.1285817438
22.2605402701
21.7972260505
21.3339118309
20.8705976113
20.4072833917

p2sat
LNP-A=X
277231.955716294 81779.782698 -4.503015
239496.554053732 66782.111487 -4.705609
208935.532803104 55206.200227 -4.895969
184017.843940782 46196.437373 -5.074142
163538.083576775 39111.916423 -5.240618
169218.975467487 -515.9632012
Err:502
149873.635075052 -11955.14851
Err:502
132162.559305782 -22025.23722
Err:502
116006.254670358 -30806.29203
Err:502
101325.005579187
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!

HYDROGENTRITIUM
9.64596 15.8148
83.5177 164.486
1.9804 0.707997

lnP=A-(B/T)+ClnT

P:Pa T:K

#DIV/0!

calculating pressure
P1sat
P2sat
277232 81779.78

goal seek function used here.

tritium because T optimised using p2sat (same goal seek

function
CLNT
X-CLNT
T(X-CLNT) VALUE=T(X-CLNT)-B
2.259524 -6.762539 -164.4867 -0.000723
2.240553 -6.946162 -164.486 -1.3E-006
2.223142 -7.119111 -164.4862 -0.000188
2.207189 -7.281331 -164.486 -1.8E-005
2.192575 -7.433192 -164.486 -2.3E-006
2.196784
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
2.181893
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
2.166682
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
2.151137
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
2.135242
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!

saturation temperature of hydrogen at 101325 Pa

saturation temperature of tritium at 101325 Pa

20.4072 K
25.04045 K

hence Tx-y diagram is as follows

T
20.4072
20.5
20.8
21
21.2
21.4
21.6
21.8
22
22.2
22.4
22.6
22.8
23
23.2
23.4
23.6
23.8
24
24.2
24.4
24.6
24.8
25
25.04045

P1sat
P2sat
P
x1
y1
101322.49109 19729.002875 101325 1.0000307489 1.0000059871
104148.73474 20527.986743 101325 0.9662316493 0.9931586849
113675.91824 23284.81803 101325 0.8633613463 0.9685999883
120366.78508 25276.896752 101325 0.7997496326 0.9500448274
127336.66828 27398.679279 101325 0.7397219162 0.9296197805
134591.98132 29655.708054 101325 0.6829791998 0.907214643
142139.13136 32053.608834 101325 0.6292506914 0.8827154867
149984.51707 34598.086467 101325 0.5782908197 0.8560046318
158134.52657 37294.92063 101325 0.5298765986 0.8269606223
166595.53545 40149.96152 101325 0.4838052972 0.7954582043
175373.90488 43169.12552 101325 0.4398923758 0.7613683066
184475.97978 46358.390845 101325 0.3979696546 0.7245580256
193908.08709 49723.793181 101325 0.3578836878 0.6848906123
203676.53413 53271.421321 101325 0.3194943163 0.6422254627
213787.60702 57007.412815 101325 0.2826733785 0.5964181117
224247.56917 60937.949633 101325 0.2473035604 0.5473202297
235062.65986 65069.253858 101325 0.2132773676 0.4947796232
246239.09287 69407.583404 101325 0.1804962062 0.4386402377
257783.05523 73959.22778 101325 0.1488695595 0.3787421651
269700.70594 78730.503896 101325 0.1183142494 0.3149216538
281998.17488 83727.751923 101325 0.0887537728 0.2470111221
294681.56166 88957.331209 101325 0.0601177059 0.1748391756
307756.93465 94425.616251 101325 0.0323411668 0.0982306277
321230.32994 100138.99275 101325 0.0053643316 0.0170065238
324004.25106 101324.89123 101325 4.88445E-007 1.56189E-006

pressure temperature equation is

hydrogen P=exp(A-B/t+Cln t)
tritium

pure hydrogen

pure tritium

y
1.000031
0.966232
0.863361
0.79975
0.739722
0.682979
0.629251
0.578291
0.529877
0.483805
0.439892
0.39797
y
0.357884
0.319494
0.282673
0.247304
0.213277
0.180496
0.14887
0.118314
0.088754
0.060118
0.032341
0.005364
4.88E-007

B
9.64596
15.8148

C
83.5177
164.486

1.980400
0.707997

1.1
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5
x

0.6

0.7

0.8

y-x plot
45 line

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.1

1.1

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6
y
0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5
x

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.1

preparing q line for q=1

y-x plot
45 line
q line
r 0.6
R0.8
R1
R 1.1
r 1.2
R 1.3
R 1.4
R 1.5
R 1.6
R 1.8
R2
R3
R4

0.9

1.1

xD
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.15
1.2
1.25
1.3
1.35
1.4
1.45
1.5
1.55
1.6
1.8
2
3
4

x
intercept y
0.982 0.61375
0.982 0.577647
0.982 0.545556
0.982 0.516842
0.982
0.491
0.982 0.467619
0.982 0.456744
0.982 0.446364
0.982 0.436444
0.982 0.426957
0.982 0.417872
0.982 0.409167
0.982 0.400816
0.982
0.3928
0.982 0.385098
0.982 0.377692
0.982 0.350714
0.982 0.327333
0.982
0.2455
0.982
0.1964

0.75
0.75

0.8
0.75

0.85
0.75

0.982

0.61375
0.577647
0.545556
0.516842
0.491
0.467619
0.456744
0.446364
0.436444
0.426957
0.417872
0.409167
0.400816
0.3928
0.385098
0.377692
0.350714
0.327333
0.2455
0.1964

0.982
0.982
0.982
0.982
0.982
0.982
0.982
0.982
0.982
0.982
0.982
0.982
0.982
0.982
0.982
0.982
0.982
0.982
0.982
0.982

0.9
0.75

0.95
0.75

1
0.75

1.1

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6
y
0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5
x

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

y-x plot
45 line
q line
r 0.6
R0.8
R1
R 1.1
r 1.2
R 1.3
R 1.4
R 1.5
R 1.6
R 1.8
R2
R3
R4

0.8

0.9

1.1

preparing q line for q=0

0.75
0.75

0
0.75

0.75

0.75

0.75

0.75