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34

Electrodeposition of Alloys Containing


Molybdenum and Nickel, Cobalt, or Iron

34.1 Introduction

THE CONSTRUCTION OF mechanisms that must operate under load at elevated


temperatures requires metals that have structural strength under these conditions. The alloys of only two metalstungsten and molybdenumare
economically feasible for these applications. However, since this country is
dependent on foreign sources for tungsten, whereas it has plentiful deposits of
molybdenum ores, considerable current interest has been directed toward
molybdenum. The United States government has been sponsoring comprehensive researches dealing with all phases of the metallurgy, properties, and
structural applications of molybdenum and its alloys.
The properties of molybdenum are similar to those of tungsten but not as
outstanding. For practical applications its most important properties are its
high melting point of 2610C (compared to 3410C for tungsten) and its relatively
high mechanical strength at elevated temperatures. At 870C the hardness of
rolled molybdenum is about 140 VHN and the hardness of the alloy containing
0.45% titanium is about 200 VHN. The latter alloy has a tensile strength of
2
2
about 5000 kg/cm (70,000 lb/in. ) at this temperature as compared to about
2
2
1000 kg/cm (15,000 lb/in. ) for the so-called superstrength alloys now in current
use. Molybdenum has a considerable advantage over tungsten for structural
purposes as it is much more ductile.
The one drawback to the use of molybdenum at elevated temperatures is its
ease of oxidation. Above 800C molybdenum reacts with oxygen of the air to
form M0O3, which being volatile escapes as it is formed and does not protect
molybdenum from further oxidation. For example, at about 980C a strip of
molybdenum 1.4 mm thick loses 6 0 % of its weight in 30 minutes. Intensive
efforts are being made to develop coatings for protecting molybdenum from
oxidation at elevated temperatures.
Another property of molybdenum of practical interest is its low coefficient
6
of linear thermal expansion, 4.82 X 10" /C between 0 and 100C. The
coefficient is not quite as low as that of tungsten. As compared with other
metals, molybdenum has a relatively high Young's modulus of elasticity, and
good electrical and thermal conductivity.
Molybdenum has good resistance to chemical attack. It is not attacked
appreciably by any of the common mineral acids, with the exception of nitric
acid which rapidly dissolves it. It is attacked by boiling concentrated sulfuric acid
and by strong acids in the presence of oxidizing agents. It is resistant to attack by
many molten metals. Solutions of caustic soda do not attack molybdenum, but
fused alkalies in the presence of oxygen dissolve the metal. Salt water tarnishes
413.

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