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Communication Systems
Eengn5152
Chapter One
Overview of Wireless and Mobile
Communications
By : Amare Kassaw
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Lecture Outlines
Basic principles of wireless communication systems
History of wireless communication systems
Types and examples of wireless communication systems
Trends in cellular radio communication systems
Used Acronyms
Is a broadcast medium
Multiple access methods are required
Transmissions are prone to interference
Wireless channel is unpredictable: e.g., mobility
System design is more challenging in wireless than in
wired communication
Additional channel optimization technique is required.
Adaptive modulation and equalization
Coding and diversity
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Wired Vs Wireless
No Mobility
Delay in New Connections
Security Hazards
Prone to Failures ( Line Disconnection,
etc )
Very less value added services
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Global coverage
Communications can reach where wiring is infeasible or costly
rural areas, old buildings, battle fields, outer space, vehicular
communications, RFIDs
Wireless Ad-hoc Networks
Wireless Sensor Networks
Stay connected
Roaming: allows flexibility to stay connected anywhere and
anytime
Rapidly growing market attests to public need for mobility and
uninterrupted access
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Flexibility :
Stay connected Any one, anywhere, anytime!
Services reach you wherever you go (mobility)
You dont have to go to the lab to check your mail
Connect to multiple devices simultaneously (no need for
physical connectivity)
Increasing dependence on telecommunication services
for business and personal reasons
Consumers and businesses are willing to pay for it
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Power Management
Mobility brings about battery operation
Need efficient hardware, e.g., low power transmitters,
receivers, and signal processing tools
Sleep mode
Security problem
Shared/broadcast medium => low security
Privacy and authentication needed
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One size fits of all protocols and designs do not work well
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Microwave Transmission
Widely used for long distance communications
Give a high SNR ratio
Relatively inexpensive
Problems
Dont pass through building well: LOS Communication
Weather and frequency-dependent
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Handoff/ Handover
The process of transferring a mobile station from one channel or
base station to another
Roamer
A mobile station which operates in a service area (market)
other than that from which service has been subscribed
Page
A brief message which is broadcast over the entire service
area, usually in simulcast fashion by many base stations at the
same time
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Channel types
Control channel
Radio channel used for transmission of call setup, call
request, call initiation and other beacon and control
purposes
Downlink (forward) channel
Radio channel used for transmission of information from
the base station to the mobile
Uplink (reverse) channel
Radio channel used for transmission of information from
mobile to base station
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Duplexing
Given a single pair of communicating peers, duplexing
describes rules when each peer is allowed to send to the
other one
Using the resources like : FDD, TDD
Multiplexing
Given several pairs, multiplexing describes when which
pair, using which resources (eg. TDMA, FDMA), is
allowed to communicate
Main resources: Time, frequency, (+ some others)
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Multiplexing
Used for sharing radio resources
Multiplexing: Gives a means to
regulate access to a resource
that is shared by multiple users
The switching element that serves as a
controller
Main resources to be shared
Time, frequency, (+some others)
Techniques
TDMA, FDMA, SDMA, CDMA
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2. Paging Systems
Broad coverage for short , low rate, one way messaging
Message broadcast from base stations to highly mobile users.
Simple terminals
Low complexity, very low powered
pagers (receiver) devices
Optimized for one way transmission
Answer-back hard
Overtaken by cellular
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WLAN Standards
802.11b
Standard for 2.4GHz ISM band
Direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS)
Speeds of 5.5 - 11 Mbps, approx. 100 m
802.11a/g
Standard for 5GHz band /also 2.4GHz
OFDM in 20 MHz with adaptive rate/codes
Speeds of 54 Mbps, approx 100 m range
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Why UWB?
Exceptional multi-path immunity
Low power consumption
Large bandwidth
Secure communications
Low interference
No need for license to operate
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2.5G
Digital systems
Voice + Low-rate data service
Third Generation (3G)
Digital
Voice + high-rate data service
Also multimedia transmission
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