Secondary Sources

"14th Amendment To US Constitution."PBS. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Feb. 2015.

<http://www-tc.pbs.org/prod-media/newshour/photos/2011/01/06/
2677850smaller_slideshow.jpg>.
The picture shows an artistic representation on the 14th amendment. The
photograph helps to visualize and
captivate the plan content.
ABH Museum. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 Mar. 2015. <http://abhmuseum.org/2012/09/
this-day-in-history-the-little-rock-nine-desegregated-central-high-school/>.
This is an article about the Little Rock escort. This is used to show why
Marshall did what he did which was fight for equal rights. Marshall also
helped to solve the Little Rock incident.
An African American is left out by a group of caucasians. You Can Learn Basic
Employee Rights. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Mar. 2015.
<http://www.you-can-learn-basic-employee-rights.com/images/
racialdiscrimination01.jpg>.
In this picture there is an AfricanAmerican that is being left out by a group of
Caucasians. This can be usedon a website because it is a visual representation
about what Thurgood Marshall was fighting to stop.
A picture of the start of the 14th amendment. Tenth Amendment Center. N.p., n.d.
Web. 8 Feb. 2015. <http://tenthamendment.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/
wp-content/uploads/2012/03/14th-300x125.gif>
The pictures represents the first few lines of 14th amendment. The photograph of
an artistic representation is used to visualize the argument Thurgood Marshall and
NAACP used during the Civil Rights Movement.
The Atlantic. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Dec. 2014.
<http://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2014/04/two-milestones-ineducation/361222/\>.
This document explains how the case of Brown vs Board of education affects the
public today. This information is useful to our project because it shows thurgood
marshalls legacy
Crowe, Chris. Up close: Thurgood Marshall. New York: Penguin Group, n.d. Print.

Chris Crowe provides a well-written biography of Thurgood Marshalls life. This

book shows how Thurgood Marshall led the to abolishment of segregation in
schools.
How, after 60 years, Brown v. Board of Education succeeded and didnt.
Washington Post: n. pag. Print.
This newspaper article talks about what Brown vs Board of Education has
achieved for African Americans and what it failed to accomplish. This will help to
provide information about Marshalls legacy.
IIP Digital. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Feb. 2015.
<http://iipdigital.usembassy.gov/st/english/publication/2009/01/20090106143
801jmnamdeirf0.9369623.html#axzz3RBiJBGYF>.
This article shows how the Whites in the Southern region of America reacted to
the civil rights movement. This helps the project because it shows multiple
perspectives on the civil rights movement.
Janken, Kenneth R. Personal interview. N.d. Dr.
Janken provided descriptive ideas about Marshall and the NAACP. It clearly
displays Marshalls leadership and the plan to abolish segregation.
Martin Luther King. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 Mar. 2015.
<http://mlk-kpp01.stanford.edu/index.php/encyclopedia/encyclopedia/
enc_little_rock_school_desegregation_1957/>.
This is an article about the Little Rock escort. This shows what Marshall was
trying to stop and the white public did not agree with him
Self-Segregation: Why Its So Hard for Whites to Understand Ferguson. The Atlantic.
N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Jan. 2015.
<http://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2014/08/self-segregation-why-itshard-for-whites-to-understand-ferguson/378928/>.
Michael Brown was an African American teenager who was shot by the police.
Many riots are taking place in Ferguson because the public suspects he was shot
unfairly. Marshalls actions in the Civil Rights movement helped to stop
segregation and it has greatly, but there is still a lot of it in the world. This helps

this project because it shows how this problem that Marshall tried to fix is still
here today.
Taylor, Kimberly Hayes. 2: Thurgood Marshall A Champion In The Courtroom. Black
Civil Rights Champions (1995): 30-45. History Reference Center. Web. 15 Nov.
2014.
Kimberly Taylor provided a detailed account of Thurgoods judiciary
achievments. This article also showcased his journy of contributing to the civil
rights movements.
Tolerance. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Dec. 2014. <http://www.tolerance.org/magazine/number25-spring-2004/department/brown-v-board-american-legacy>.
This document is about the Brown vs Board of education case. It tells us what it
was about what lead up to it and how the public reacted to it.
What America will look like in the future.Green Lining. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 Mar.
2015. <http://greenlining.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/
0209-Tiled-Flag-of-American-diversity-300x207.jpg>.
This is a picture ofBlacks and Whites mixed and what America is going to look
like in the future. This can be used to show the legacy of Marshall because it
shows what he has done.
Primary Sources
Alabama Protest Against Desegregation. Corbis Images. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Feb. 2015.
<http://www.corbisimages.com/images/Corbis-FP001046.jpg?
size=67&uid=9c451ed3-aa41-408e-8de1-38657e79aa3d>.
This is a picture about people in Alabama protesting to keep segregation. This
picture shows the sides of Caucasians and their opinions on the civil rights
movement at the time.

Autherine Lucy and NAACP attorneys Thurgood Marshall and Arthur Shore outside
Federal Court in Birmingham during her struggle to integrate the University of
Alabama. February, 1956. Civil Rights Movement Veterans. N.p., n.d. Web. 8
Feb. 2015. <http://www.crmvet.org/crmpics/marshal-lucy-1.jpg>.

Marshall, NAACP attorneys, and Autherine Lucy are marching down the street to
go to the federal court for a court case. This is going to useful to the website
because it is about Marshall leading the way on each page of the website.
Brown vs. Board of Education: Heres what happened in 1954 courtroom. LA Times: n.
pag. Print.
This is the transcript is Marshall's most known case, and it was a case of public
school segregation. It provides specific arguments Marshall used in the case and
his argument way.
Constitution Center. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Jan. 2015.
<http://constitutioncenter.org/libertymedal/recipient_1992_speech.html>.
This website has a transcript of a speech from Thurgood Marshall. This is helpful
to the project because it gives good quotes to use on the website.
A graph of incomes of Caucasians and African Americans from 1984 and 2009. Portside.
N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Feb. 2015.
<http://portside.org/sites/default/files/images/RaceInequality9.png>.
A graph is important to give viewers of a website a visual image of some
statistics at the time. This graph has the incomes of African Americans and
Caucasians during the civil rights movement and now.
Harold P. Boulware, Thurgood Marshall, and Spottswood W. Robinson III confer at the
Supreme Court prior to presenting arguments against segregation in schools
during Brown v. Board of Education case. Library of Congress. N.p., n.d. Web.
8 Feb. 2015.
<http://cdn.loc.gov/service/pnp/cph/3c20000/3c23000/3c23900/3c23956_15
0px.jpg>.
This picture shows Marshall and some attorneys from the NAACP discussing
their arguments before they go into the supreme court to argue for desegregation.
This picture will be used in a slideshow that will be about how Marshall displayed
leadership by fighting through the courts.
Headline showing segregation. Clarksville Online. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Mar. 2015.
<http://www.clarksvilleonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/
littlerock9-326x480.jpg>. This picture shows a headline that talks about

how troops are not allowing African Americans to go into school. This shows
what and why Thurgood Marshall was fighting for.
Headlines showing segregation. NY Times. N.p., n.d. Web. 4 Mar. 2015.
http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/section/learning/general/onthisday/big/
925_big.gif>.
This is a picture of a newspaper that is showing that the
army had to be involved to stop African Americans from having equal rights.
his is used in a website because it shows how the whit public reacted to
African Americans trying to have equal rights.
"High Court Bans School Segregation; 9-to-0 Decision Grants Time to Comply."
NY Times. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Mar. 2015. <http://graphics8.nytimes.com/
images/section/learning/general/onthisday/big/0517_big.gif>.
A picture of a headline that shows progress towards desegregation. This is useful
to have on a website because it can show visuals which are going to give a better
understanding to the viewer of the website.
Horrific laws enable racial inequality. Global Times. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Jan. 2015.
<http://www.globaltimes.cn/Portals/0/attachment/2011/ec6c4f1c-b80f-42a7-b34cf3e42ed467fa.jpeg>.
This is a photo of a white person being ahead of a black person by a stick which is
unfair to the black person. This is helpful to this website because it relates to the
quote by Martin Luther King Jr. which is about how long racial inequality has
been around.
Left to right: George E.C. Hayes, Thurgood Marshall, and James M. Nabrit,
congratulating each other, following Supreme Court decision declaring
segregation unconstitutional. Library of Congress. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Feb. 2015.
<http://cdn.loc.gov/service/pnp/ppmsca/38600/38654_150px.jpg>.
This is a picture of the day that segregation was deemed unconstitutional by the
supreme court. This picture will be used in a slide show that is about how
Marshall showed leadership by fighting through the courts.
Martin Luther King - I Have A Dream Speech - August 28, 1963. Youtube. N.p.,
n.d. Web. 5 Mar. 2015. <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=smEqnnklfYs>.

This is a video about Martin Luther King Jr. giving a speech. His quotes
can be used but video clips can be used on a website, and this can be the
main video that clips are taken from.
Newspaper. Virginia Memory. N.p., n.d. Web. 4 Mar. 2015.
<http://www.virginiamemory.com/blogs/fit-to-print/files/2012/07/
Page-17-April-17-1904-of-the-Times-Dispatch-226x300.jpg>.
A newspaper article was written about a car company that segregated there cars.
This is used for a website because it shows what Marshall was fighting for in a
picture.
PBS. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Jan. 2015.
<http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/primary-resources/jfkmlkdream/>.
This is a transcript of a speech that Martin Luther King Jr. gave during the civil
rights movement. This speech was a very iconic speech about how he had a vision
that Afro-Americans and Caucasians can live together in peace and provides some
good quotes.
Photograph of 2 separate water fountains one for whites and one for blacks. World
Famous Photos. N.p., n.d. Web. 6 Feb. 2015.
<http://www.worldsfamousphotos.com/wpcontent/uploads/2007/09/segregated.jpg>.
This picture has 2 separate water fountains, one for whites, and one for blacks.
This is also shows that the whites were treated much better than the blacks
because they had the better water fountain.
Pictures of Little Rock 9. Marquette. N.p., n.d. Web. 4 Mar. 2015.
<http://www.marquette.edu/littlerocknine/images/lr9_students.jpg>.
Students are being escorted to a school by police officers. This picture is
used on a website because it shows what the public thought about
segregation and it was that they supported it and were mad about blacks
having equal rights.
Thurgood Marshall, NAACP Chief Counsel, is shown in front of the Supreme Court
[...]. Library of Congress. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Feb. 2015.
<http://cdn.loc.gov/service/pnp/cph/3c20000/3c26000/3c26400/3c26459_150p
x.jpg>.

This is a picture of Thurgood Marshall in front of the Supreme Court. This is

useful because it is going to be used to be a link to go to a page about Marshalls
court cases, including some that went to the Supreme Court.
Thurgood Marshall walking with defendant Donald Gaines Murray, University of
Maryland desegregation case. Library of Congress. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Feb. 2015.
<http://cdn.loc.gov/service/pnp/cph/3c30000/3c34000/3c34400/3c34431_150p
x.jpg>.
This picture shows Thurgood Marshall going to a court case to defend his client
for not being allowed to have the same opportunities as Caucasian. This is going
to be useful to have in a slideshow.
Thurgood Marshall with client Donald Gaines Murray, who was denied entry into the
University of Maryland Law School, and another attorney, probably Charles
Houston, during court proceedings, Maryland. Library of Congress. N.p., n.d.
Web. 8 Feb. 2015.
<http://cdn.loc.gov/service/pnp/ppmsca/09700/09709_150px.jpg>.
This is a picture of Marshall talking to one of his clients that was denied access
into the university of Maryland. This picture is going to be used in a slide show to
give viewers some visuals about Marshall and his court cases.
Two men carrying sign reading, Down! with segregation to protest segregation in
education. LOC. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Jan. 2015.
<http://cdn.loc.gov/service/pnp/cph/3c10000/3c18000/3c18900/3c18959_150p
x.jpg>.
This is a picture of two men that are protesting to stop segregation. This relates to
a quote by Thurgood Marshall about how racial segregation affects the lives of
many others.
United States. Constitution. Washington: GPO, n.d. Print.
This is a transcript of amendments 11-27 in the constitution. This was quoted
because the activists in the civil rights movement used some of these amendments
to argue that they should not be treated any differently because of their race.
Walter Sondheim. OH 8044. Interviewed by Francis Collette, October 19, 1971.
Maryland Historical Society Library.

Sondheim had a crucial role in the desegregation of Maryland school with

Marshall. The Historical Societys preserved interview that discusses Polytechnic
African Americans students that were qualified were not given equal rigorous
classes as the white schools.
Walter Sondheim, Jr. OH 8172. Interviewed by Susan Conwell, 1976. McKeldin-Jackson
Oral History Project. MdHS.
Sondhiem talks Brown vs. Board of Education and its immediate response. The
response of white people and event summary post Brown v. Board will provide
multiple perspectives and display what occurred afterwards.
Washington, Margret. Personal interview. N.d.
This interview gave quotes that helped to show what hardships many African
Americans faced during the civil rights movement. Margret Washington like
many others also faced these hardships.
W.J. Durham (right), attorney for the NAACP, talks with Thurgood Marshall, the
organizations chief counsel, in federal court here, July 30th. Library of
Congress. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Feb. 2015.
<http://cdn.loc.gov/service/pnp/cph/3c30000/3c34000/3c34400/3c34431_150p
x.jpg>.
This picture shows Marshall talking to an attorney of the NAACP. This picture is
going to be used in a slide show about Marshalls court cases.