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Three Component Systems

Phase Diagrams of 3 Component Systems

Possible Variables: P, T, C1, C2
Since
1 + 2 + 3 = 1.0,
ANY/ONLY two concentration values need to be
defined.
If T and P are held constant,
F=CP
=3P

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Stokes and Roozeboom Diagram

C

%C

%A

B
%B

Locating the composition of a ternary mixture

C
%A

%C

%A

%C

B
%B

%B

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Locating the composition of a ternary mixture

C
20% A, 20% B
60% C

30% A, 20% C
50% B

%A
30% B, 30% C
40% A

%C

B
%B

Exercise: Locate the point.

C
20% A, 40% B
20% B, 50% C

20% B, 70 % C
15% A, 60 % C

40% A, 30% C
20 % C, 60 % A
%A

60 % B, 40 % C
%C

B
%B

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3C Liquid Systems
1.

One partially miscible liquid pair

one binodal curve

Plait point

A is partially
miscible with B
A is completely
miscible with C

%C

P=1

B is completely
miscible with C
Tie lines

P=2

P=1
F=31=2

% A, %B/%C

P=2
F = 3 2 =1

%A/% B/%C

B
%B

2. Two pairs of liquids are partially miscible two binodal

curves
A is partially miscible with C
B is partially miscible with C
A is completely miscible with B
C

P=1

Overlapping of binodal curves

%A

%A

%C

%C
P=2

P=1

B
P=2

%B

B
%B

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3. Three liquids are partially miscible with one another

3 binodal curves
C

Overlapping of 3
binodal curves

P =1

P=2

P=3

P =1
Z

X
A

When P =3 F = 3 3 = 0
The system is invariant
The compositions of the 3 phases (X, Y and Z) are constant.

Consider the system ABC which forms a partially

miscible system between A and B:
C

If a mixture of A and B of composition m is

prepared
- the mixture will separate into 2 phases

a = composition of Arich layer

b = composition of Brich layer
Wt% A

A a

Wt.% C

wt of A rich layer
wt of B rich layer

mb
am

Wt. % B

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If C is added to m until the overall composition of the mixture reaches m

wt of C
=

wt of m

mm
Cm

The resulting mixture (m) will

separate into 2 layers
a = composition of Arich layer
Wt% A

b = composition of Brich layer

Wt.% C

wt of A rich layer
wt of B rich layer

mb
=

am

a
m
b
A a

Wt. % B

3 Component SolidLiquid Systems

1. No interaction between components
Only pure components crystallize from solutions
H2O

Unsaturated solution
SA

SB

A(s) + satd soln

Q

F=31=2
(%A, %B/%H2O)
B(s) + satd soln
F=32=1
(Csoln)

A(s) + B(s) + soln Q

F=33=0
A(s)

B(s)

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2. Reaction between components forms a binary compound

a. Reaction between solvent and one solute Ex. Hydrate formation
A(s) and H2O react in the ratio:
wA:wH2O = 77 g : 23 g

H2O(l)
Unsaturated solution

nA:nH2O = (77/120):(23/18)
= 0.64:1.28

B(s) + satd soln

=1:2

A2H2O +
satd soln

A2H2O(s) + B(s) + soln R

77

A(s)

wt % H2O

wt % A

A(s) + B(s) + A2H2O(s)

B(s)

(MW = 120)

wt % B

b. Reaction between two solutes Ex. Double salt formation

H2O

The double salt formed

contains 45 % B

Unsatd soln

wA : wB = 55 g : 45 g
A(s) + satd soln

nA : nB
P

= (55/120) : (45/150)
= 0.46 : 0.3
=3:2

wt % A

Formula: 3A 2B

wt % H2O

B(s) + satd soln

3A2B(s) + satd soln
B(s) +
3A2B(s)
+ soln Q

A(s) +
3A2B(s)
+ soln P
A(s)

45

(MW=120)

B(s)
MW=150

wt % B

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3. Reaction between components results to the formation

of a ternary compound
Since the ternary compound
contains 27.6% A and 45.2 % B

H2O
Unsatd soln

It follows that it contains 27.2% H2O

wA : wB : wH2O = 27.6 : 45.2 : 27.2
27.6 : 45.2 : 27.2
nA : nB : nH2O

A(s) + satd soln

27.6

wt % A
wt % H2O
A(s) +
A2B6H2O
+ soln R

110
90
18
= 0.245 : 0.502: 1.51
=1:2:6
Formula: A2B6H2O

B(s) +
A2B6H2O
+ soln S

A2B6H2O + satd soln

B(s) + satd soln

A(s) + A2B6H2O + B(s)

A(s)

B(s)

45.2

(MW = 110)

(MW = 90)

wt % B

For mixture (wet residue) of overall composition, m

where s = composition of saturated solution

wtA ms
=
wts Am

H2O

Unsaturated solution
SA

SB

A(s) + satd soln

m

B(s) + satd soln

A(s) + B(s) + soln Q

A(s)

B(s)

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Predict the changes that would be observed when H2O is

added to a mixture of composition: a; b
H2O
Unsatd soln
A(s) + satd soln
27.6

A2B6H2O + satd soln

wt % A
B(s) + satd soln
wt % H2O
A(s) +
A2B6H2O
+ soln R

B(s) +
A2B6H2O
+ soln S

A(s) + A2B6H2O + B(s)

A(s)
(MW = 110)

45.2
wt % B

B(s)
(MW = 90)