Tutorial Postfix - Instalando Postfix

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TUTORIAL COMPLETO DE POSTFIX

Copyright (c) 2004 Jefferson <jeffi@uol.com.br>.
garantida a permisso para copiar, distribuir e/ou modificar este documento sob os termos da Licena de
Documentao Livre GNU (GNU Free Documentation License), Verso 1.2 ou qualquer verso posterior
publicada pela Free Software Foundation; sem Sees Invariantes, Textos de Capa Frontal e sem Textos de
Quarta Capa. Uma cpia da licena includa na seo intitulada "GNU Free Documentation License.
#
S
E
INSTALANDO O POSTFIX ! ! !
L
E
C
I Vamos instalar o Postfix com suporte a Maildir + SASL + MySQL e VDA, na maioria das distribuies isso no vem habilitado por
O padro, sendo necessrio uma nova compilao.
N
E
O
T

P
I
C
O

Baixe o Postfix e o patch VDA respectivamente:

http://ftp.unicamp.br/pub/postfix/official/postfix-2.5.2.tar.gz

http://vda.sourceforge.net/VDA/postfix-2.5.1-vda-ng.patch.gz

Instalando o Postfix:

$ tar -zxf postfix-2.5.2.tar.gz

$ gunzip postfix-2.5.1-vda-ng.patch.gz
$ cp postfix-2.5.1-vda-ng.patch postfix-2.5.2/
$ cd postfix-2.5.2/
$ patch -p1 < postfix-2.5.1-vda-ng.patch
$ make -f Makefile.init makefiles CCARGS="-DHAS_MYSQL -I/usr/include/mysql -DUSE_TLS -DUSE_SASL_AUTH
DUSE_CYRUS_SASL -I/usr/include/sasl" AUXLIBS="/usr/lib/libmysqlclient.so -lm -lssl -lcrypto -lz -L/usr/lib -lsasl2"
$ make
# make upgrade

Verifique se o suporte ao MySQL foi habilitado:

# postconf -m
static
pcre
nis
regexp
environ
proxy
mysql
btree
unix
hash

Verifique se o suporte ao Cyrus foi habilitado:

# postconf -a
cyrus
dovecot

Configurando o Postfix:
Crie 4 arquivos dentro do diretrio /etc/postfix/ com o seguinte contedo:
# mysql_virtual_alias_maps.cf
# ----------------------------user = postfix
password = xxxxx
dbname = postfix
table = alias
select_field = goto
where_field = address
hosts = localhost

# mysql_virtual_mailbox_maps.cf
# -----------------------------user = postfix
password = xxxxx

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dbname = postfix
table = mailbox
select_field = maildir
where_field = username
hosts = localhost

# mysql_transport_maps.cf
# -------------------------user = postfix
password = xxxxx
hosts = localhost
dbname = postfix
table = domain
select_field = transport
where_field = domain

# mysql_virtual_mailbox_limit_maps.cf
# -----------------------------------user = postfix
password = xxxxx
dbname = postfix
table = mailbox
select_field = quota
where_field = username
hosts = localhost

OBS: No esquea de configurar as linhas "user, password" conforme a sua configurao.

Nesse ambiente, no irei utilizar o Postfix com a opo de CHROOT, sendo assim, edite o /etc/postfix/master.cf e troque TODOS os "y"
por "n" na coluna "chroot".
Renomeie o arquivo original "main.cf" para evitar problemas:
# mv /etc/postfix/main.cf /etc/postfix/main.cf.bkp
Configurando o MAIN.CF:
Crie o /etc/postfix/main.cf com o seguinte contedo:
# vi /etc/postfix/main.cf
#======== CONFIGURAES ===============
queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix/
program_directory = /usr/sbin
command_directory = /usr/sbin
daemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix
mail_owner = postfix
default_privs = nobody
default_transport = smtp
alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/aliases
alias_database = hash:/etc/postfix/aliases
readme_directory = no
sample_directory = /etc/postfix
sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail
setgid_group = postdrop
manpage_directory = /usr/local/man
newaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases
mailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq
smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP "Version not Available"
disable_vrfy_command = yes
home_mailbox = Maildir/
# ========== NOME DO DOMNIO ===========
myhostname = postfix.com.br
mydomain = local.com.br
myorigin = $mydomain
mydestination = $mydomain, $transport_maps
#=====REDES p/ Relay======
# 192.168.0.0/24 = MINHA REDE
#
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 192.168.0.0/24
#======== MYSQL ==============
virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_alias_maps.cf
virtual_mailbox_base = /mbox
virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_mailbox_maps.cf
virtual_uid_maps = static:108
virtual_gid_maps = static:108
transport_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_transport_maps.cf
#======= Quota ============

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virtual_mailbox_limit_inbox = no
virtual_mailbox_limit_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_mailbox_limit_maps.cf
virtual_mailbox_limit_override = yes
virtual_maildir_extended = yes
virtual_create_maildirsize = yes
virtual_mailbox_limit = 100000000
virtual_maildir_limit_message = "Sorry, the user's maildir has overdrawn his diskspace quota, please try again later."
virtual_overquota_bounce = yes
#====== SASL ================
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes
smtpd_recipient_restrictions =
permit_sasl_authenticated,
permit_mynetworks,
reject_unauth_destination

OBS: Essa a configurao bsica desse arquivo, fique vontade para incluir novas implementaes.
Agora hora de testar se o Postfix esta se comunicando com o MySQL.
# newaliases
# postfix start
Precisamos criar um domnio e um usurio para teste. Vamos fazer primeiramente na "mo", fazendo passo a passo para voc
visualizar todo o procedimento de criao de um usurio virtual.
Logue-se como ROOT no MySQL:
# mysql -D postfix -pxxxxx
Criando o Dominio VIRTUAL e LOCAL:

mysql> INSERT INTO domain (domain,description,transport,active) VALUES ('local.com.br','Dominio LOCAL','local','1');

mysql> INSERT INTO domain (domain,description,transport,active) VALUES ('dominio1.com.br','Dominio 1','virtual','1');
mysql> SELECT domain, description, transport, active FROM domain;
+-----------------+--------------------------+-----------+--------+
| domain
| description
| transport | active |
+-----------------+--------------------------+-----------+--------+
| local.com.br
| Dominio LOCAL da Mquina | local
|
1 |
| dominio1.com.br | Dominio de Teste
| virtual
|
1 |
+-----------------+--------------------------+-----------+--------+

Criando o Usurio:
ATENO: No esquea de escolher uma senha em 'xxxxx'

mysql> INSERT INTO mailbox (

username,
password,
name,
home,
maildir,
quota,
domain,
active)
VALUES (
'jeffi@dominio1.com.br',
encrypt('xxxxx'),
'Jefferson',
'/mbox/',
'dominio1.com.br/jeffi/Maildir/',
'10000000',
'dominio1.com.br',
'1');
mysql> SELECT username FROM mailbox;
+-----------------------------+
| username
|
+-----------------------------+
| jeffi@dominio1.com.br
|
+-----------------------------+

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Criando Alias:

mysql> INSERT INTO alias (

address,
goto,
domain,
active)
VALUES (
'jeffi@dominio1.com.br',
'jeffi@dominio1.com.br',
'dominio1.com.br',
'1');
mysql> SELECT address,goto,domain,active FROM alias;
+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------+--------+
| address
| goto
| domain
| active |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------+--------+
| jeffi@dominio1.com.br | jeffi@dominio1.com.br | dominio1.com.br |
1 |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------+--------+
Criando o HOME do usurio:
#
#
#
#

mkdir -p /mbox/dominio1.com.br/jeffi
maildirmake /mbox/dominio1.com.br/jeffi/Maildir
chown -R virtual:virtual /mbox/
chmod -R 770 /mbox/

Testando a conta do usurio local:

# echo "Funcionou..." | mailto -s "TESTE do POSTFIX" jeffi@local.com.br

***************************************LOG DO POSTFIX******************************************************
# cat /var/log/maillog
May 25 18:47:19 postfix postfix/pickup[3083]: 945296526: uid=0 from=<root>
May 25 18:47:19 postfix postfix/cleanup[3111]: 945296526: message-id=<0_3119_1211752039_1@postfix>
May 25 18:47:19 postfix postfix/qmgr[3085]: 945296526: from=<root@local.com.br>, size=376, nrcpt=1 (queue active)
May 25 18:47:19 postfix postfix/local[3117]: 945296526: to=<jeffi@local.com.br>, relay=local, delay=0.03,
delays=0.02/0/0/0.01, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (delivered to maildir)

# ls /home/jeffi/Maildir/new/
1211752196.V302I3b306M538830.postfix
Opa, acho que foi.
# cat /home/jeffi/Maildir/new/1226265992.V802I81c3M693603.postfix
Return-Path: <root@local.com.br>
X-Original-To: jeffi@local.com.br
Delivered-To: jeffi@local.com.br
Received: by postfix.com.br (Postfix, from userid 0)
id 3C6926526; Sun, 25 May 2008 18:41:36 -0300 (BRT)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: jeffi@local.com.br
Subject: TESTE do POSTFIX
Message-ID: <0_3142_1211752191_1@postfix>
Content-ID: <0_3142_1211752191_2@postfix>
Content-type: text/plain
Date: Sun, 25 May 2008 18:41:36 -0300 (BRT)
From: root@local.com.br
Funcionou...

foi, maravilha !!!! Agora vamos testar a conta do usurio virtual:

# echo "Funcionou..." | mailto -s "TESTE do POSTFIX" jeffi@dominio1.com.br

***************************************LOG DO POSTFIX******************************************************
# cat /var/log/maillog
May 25 18:48:00 postfix postfix/pickup[3083]: 6B15A6526: uid=0 from=<root>
May 25 18:48:00 postfix postfix/cleanup[3111]: 6B15A6526: message-id=<0_3125_1211752080_1@postfix>
May 25 18:48:00 postfix postfix/qmgr[3085]: 6B15A6526: from=<root@local.com.br>, size=379, nrcpt=1 (queue active)
May 25 18:48:00 postfix postfix/virtual[3134]: 6B15A6526: to=<jeffi@dominio1.com.br>, relay=virtual, delay=0.1,
delays=0.06/0.02/0/0.02, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (delivered to maildir)

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# ls /mbox/dominio1.com.br/jeffi/Maildir/new
1211752191.V302I334aeM316775.postfix,S\=473
Opa, acho que foi tambm:

# cat /mbox/dominio1.com.br/jeffi/Maildir/new/1211752191.V302I334aeM316775.postfix,S\=473
Return-Path: <root@local.com.br>
X-Original-To: jeffi@dominio1.com.br
Delivered-To: jeffi@dominio1.com.br
Received: by postfix.com.br (Postfix, from userid 0)
id 3C6926526; Sun, 25 May 2008 18:49:51 -0300 (BRT)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: jeffi@dominio1.com.br
Subject: TESTE do POSTFIX
Message-ID: <0_3142_1211752191_1@postfix>
Content-ID: <0_3142_1211752191_2@postfix>
Content-type: text/plain
Date: Sun, 25 May 2008 18:49:51 -0300 (BRT)
From: root@local.com.br
Funcionou...

, foi!!!!! :-)
Teste de Autenticao do IMAP para conta Local:
# telnet localhost 143
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to localhost.
Escape character is '^]'.
* OK [CAPABILITY IMAP4rev1 UIDPLUS CHILDREN NAMESPACE THREAD=ORDEREDSUBJECT THREAD=REFERENCES SORT QUOTA
IDLE ACL ACL2=UNION STARTTLS] Courier-IMAP ready. Copyright 1998-2008 Double Precision, Inc. See COPYING for distribution
information.
0 login jeffi xxxxxx
0 OK LOGIN Ok.
0 select inbox
* FLAGS (\Draft \Answered \Flagged \Deleted \Seen \Recent)
* OK [PERMANENTFLAGS (\* \Draft \Answered \Flagged \Deleted \Seen)] Limited
* 1 EXISTS
* 1 RECENT
* OK [UIDVALIDITY 1210698687] Ok
* OK [MYRIGHTS "acdilrsw"] ACL
0 OK [READ-WRITE] Ok
0 logout
* BYE Courier-IMAP server shutting down
0 OK LOGOUT completed
Connection closed by foreign host.

Teste de Autenticao do IMAP para conta Virtual:

# telnet localhost 143
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to localhost.
Escape character is '^]'.
* OK [CAPABILITY IMAP4rev1 UIDPLUS CHILDREN NAMESPACE THREAD=ORDEREDSUBJECT THREAD=REFERENCES SORT QUOTA
IDLE ACL ACL2=UNION STARTTLS] Courier-IMAP ready. Copyright 1998-2008 Double Precision, Inc. See COPYING for distribution
information.
0 login jeffi@dominio1.com.br xxxxxx
0 OK LOGIN Ok.
0 select inbox
* FLAGS (\Draft \Answered \Flagged \Deleted \Seen \Recent)
* OK [PERMANENTFLAGS (\* \Draft \Answered \Flagged \Deleted \Seen)] Limited
* 1 EXISTS
* 1 RECENT
* OK [UIDVALIDITY 1210698687] Ok
* OK [MYRIGHTS "acdilrsw"] ACL
0 OK [READ-WRITE] Ok
0 logout
* BYE Courier-IMAP server shutting down
0 OK LOGOUT completed
Connection closed by foreign host.

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Beleza, funcionou!!!

Teste de Autenticao do POP3 da conta Local:

# telnet localhost 110
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to localhost.
Escape character is '^]'.
+OK Hello there.
user jeffi
+OK Password required.
pass xxxxx
+OK logged in.
list
+OK POP3 clients that break here, they violate STD53.
1 481
.
quit
+OK Bye-bye.
Connection closed by foreign host.

Teste de Autenticao do POP3 da conta Virtual:

# telnet localhost 110
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to localhost.
Escape character is '^]'.
+OK Hello there.
user jeffi@dominio1.com.br
+OK Password required.
pass xxxxx
+OK logged in.
list
+OK POP3 clients that break here, they violate STD53.
1 351
.
quit
+OK Bye-bye.
Connection closed by foreign host.

Beleza, funcionou!!!

DICA: Em caso de erro de autenticao, sempre d uma olhada nos logs do MySQL e veja se foi feito e como foi feito o SELECT do
courier. Isso pode ser til para identificar erros no arquivo de configurao do courier.
Um outro problema pode ser no MySQL: ou o servio no esta funcionando ou o usurio no tem permisso de acesso ao banco de
dados.

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