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PURPOSE
The purpose of this glossary is to facilitate a common language within the United States Army Air Defense Artillery School (USAADASCH), and the air defense community.
SCOPE
This glossary is not an official DoD publication; it is limited to terminology that relates to the air defense
community. A number of computer, software, and engineering terms are included, especially those applicable to USAADASCH. Many entries are taken from the JP 1-02, DOD Dictionary of Military and
Associated Terms, As Amended through 1 September 2000. A number of outdated or seldomused
terms are also included for historical relevance, though obsolete terms are denoted.
World Wide Web
The USAADASCH ADA Glossary can be found on the USAADASCH Digital Training Access (DTAC)
home page at http://147.71.210.21/dotd/adagloss.htm
FORMAT
All entries are listed in alphabetical order, including acronyms (which are cross-referenced with their corresponding definition). General terms are defined in a USAADASCH context where appropriate.
Corrections/Additions
Corrections/Additions should be sent to Directorate of Training and Doctrine (DOTD), ATTN: Warfighter Division, Fort Bliss, Texas. Phone: Comm (915) 568-5722, DSN 978-5722, FAX 568-0450 or
http://147.71.210.21/dottd/forms/comments.htm. Include the reference source for the term definition.
ii
ADA GLOSSARY
A
2 2
AC
AI
A/A
air-to-air
A/C
aircraft
A/D
analog-to-digital; arm/disarm
A/I
active/inactive
3
AD/C I
Air/Missile Defense Workstation (AMDWS) (FM 44-94 (FM 3-01.94)) The AMDWS is the primary
tool for monitoring and managing AMD operations. It receives air situational awareness from the
ADSI, and ground situation and intelligence information from the maneuver control system (MCS), all
source analysis system remote workstation (ASAS RWS) and other sources. The AMDWS maintains a
comprehensive database of the tactical situation and also provides mission-planning capabilities to
overlay sensor coverage, weapons coverage, airspace control measures, threat locations, and planned
unit positions.
AA
AAA
AAC
AAD
AADC
Area Air Defense Commander; Army Air Defense Command, Army Air Defense Commander
AADCCS
AADCOM
AADCP
AAGM
AAH
AAL
AALC
AAM
air-to-air missile
AAMDC
AAP
AAPS
AAR
AATF
AATFC
AAVN
Army aviation
ABCA
ABCCC
ABCS
ABDR
ABE
ABFN
ABL
ABM
ABMOC
abn
airborne
Abort (JP 1-02) 1. To terminate a mission for any reason other than enemy action. It may occur at any
point after the beginning of the mission and prior to its completion. 2. To discontinue aircraft takeoff
or missile launch.
Above ground level (AGL) (FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) The altitude of an aircraft as measured between the terrain (excluding vegetation and man-made structures) and the aircraft. The altitude is usually not the same as measured from sea level. See also coordinating altitude. See FMs 1-111, 17-95,
90-4, and 100-103.
ABT
AC (ac)
ACA
ACATS
ACC
Accidental launch (USSPACECOM) An unintended launch which occurs without deliberate national
design as a direct result of a random event, such as mechanical failure, a simple human error, or an unauthorized action by a subordinate.
ACCS
ACE
aviation combat element; airborne command element (USAF, JFACC); analysis and control element; ARM countermeasures evaluator
acft
aircraft
ack
ACM
ACO
ACOE
ACOM
Atlantic Command
ACP
ACQ (acq)
acquire; acquisition
Acquire (JP 1-02) 1. When applied to acquisition radars, the process of detecting the presence and
location of a target in sufficient detail to permit identification. 2. When applied to tracking radars, the
process of positioning a radar beam so that a target is in that beam to permit the effective employment
of weapons. See also target acquisition.
Acquisition (ACQ) (sensor) (BMDO Glossary) The result of processing sensor measurements to produce object reports of interest to the system.
Acquisition Field Of View (AFOV)(BMDO Glossary) The instantaneous volume viewed by the interceptors sensor during the process of searching its assigned volume.
Acquisition radar (BMDO Glossary) A radar that searches a spatial volume and identifies potential
targets from the background and non-hostile objects.
Acquisition tracking and pointing (ATP) (BMDO Glossary) The process of acquiring within a given
field of view a target (or targets) and maintaining a precision track of the same while enabling the
pointing of a sensor or weapon at the target so that it may be destroyed.
ACR
Active (BMDO Glossary) In surveillance, an adjective applied to actions or equipment, which emit
energy capable of being detected, e.g., radar in and active sensor.
Active Air Defense (AAD) (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) Direct defensive action taken to nullify
or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action. It includes such measures as the use of aircraft, air defense weapons, weapons not used primarily in an air defense role, and electronic warfare. See also air
defense. (Army) Direct defensive action taken to destroy attacking enemy aircraft or missiles. See
FMs 44-63 (FM 3-01.64) and 44-100 (FM 3-01).
Active Defense (AD) (JP 1-02) Operations that protect selected assets and forces from attack by destroying TM airborne launch platforms and/or TMs in flight. Active defense also includes those actions that mitigate the effectiveness of targeting and delivery systems through EW against remote or
onboard guidance systems. (Army) (FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) Applies to operations initiated to
protect assets against a tactical missile attack by destroying theater missile TM airborne launch platforms or destroying TMs in flight. Active defense includes multi-tiered defense in depth via multiple
engagements using air, land, and sea theater missile defense systems. It also includes using electronic
warfare to disrupt enemy remote or onboard guidance systems. See FMs 44-100 (FM 3-01), and JP 301.5.
Active homing guidance (JP 1-02) A system of homing guidance wherein both the source for illuminating the target, and the receiver for detecting the energy reflected from the target as the result of illuminating the target, are carried within the missile. See also guidance.
Active missile defense (AMD) (FM 44-100 (FM 3-01)) Active missile defense applies to operations
initiated to protect against a TM attack by destroying TM airborne launch platforms and/or destroying
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ACU
ACUS
ACUSN
ACV
AD
ADA
ADAA
ADAC
ADAD
ADADO
ADAFCO
ADAM
ADAOO
ADAR
ADASP
ADATOC
Air Defense Tactical Operations Center (USA Brigade); Army Defense Artillery Tactical
Operations Center
ADATS
ADBLSE
ADC
air defense control; air defense coordination; Air Defense Command; Aerospace Command
ADCATT
ADCC
ADCCS
ADCCCS
ADCMS
ADCN
ADCO
ADCOP
ADCP
ADCS
ADD
ADDC
ADDEOS
ADDS
Army Data Distribution System = EPLRS + JTIDS; Army Data Dictionary System
ADDSI
ADDSTT
ADE
ADEW
ADF
ADI
ADIZ
ADL
ADLNO
ADMP
ADMS
ADO
ADOA
ADOC
ADOCC
ADOCS
ADOLT
ADP
ADPE
ADR
ADRG
ADRS
ADS
Air Defense Sector; Air Defense Section; air defense suppression; Advanced Distribution
Simulation/Azimuth Determining System
ADSAM
ADSCOM
ADSM
ADSS
ADT
ADTOC
ADTOS
ADX
AE
Aegis (JP 1-02) A totally integrated shipboard weapon system that combines computers, radars, and
missiles to provide a defense umbrella for surface shipping. The system is capable of automatically detecting, tracking, and destroying airborne, sea-borne, and land-launched weapons.
Aerial platform
Aerial Port Of Debarkation (APOD) See FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1) See also FM 55-12.
Aerial Port Of Embarkation (APOE) See FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1) See also FM 55-12.
Aerial targets for training (FM 3-01.11) Normally, all ADA live-fire training is conducted using
high performance unmanned aerial targets. These targets must be capable of simulating combat aircraft
characteristics and will require the ADA weapon system to use its maximum capability. Numerous
types of aerial targets, operated by troop units or furnished and operated by contract personnel, are
available for ADA service practice. Three categories of aerial targets are described in the following tables. They are drone targets, towed targets, and ballistic and troop operated targets. See FM 3-01.11
for more information.
Aerodynamic missile (JP 1-02) A missile which uses aerodynamic forces to maintain its flight path.
See also ballistic missile; guided missile.
Aerospace Defense (AD) (JP 1-02) 1. All defensive measures designed to destroy or nullify attacking
enemy aircraft, and missiles and also negate hostile space systems. 2. An inclusive term encompassing
air defense, ballistic missile defense, and space defense. See also air defense. See FM 44-100 (FM 301).
Aerostats (BMDO Glossary) Ship- or ground-moored balloon supporting a radar antenna.
AES
AEU
AEW
AF
Air Force
AFATDS
Advanced Field Artillery Tactical Data System; Army Field Artillery Target Direction
System.
AFB
AFGWC
AFND
assumed friend
AFOV
AFP
AFSOC
AFU
AGC
AGCCS
Air Force Global Command And Control System (USAF term); Army Global Command
And Control System (USA term)
AGES
Agility (FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) The ability of friendly forces to act faster than the enemy and is a
prerequisite to seizing and holding the initiative. Agility is a mental as well as a physical quality. See
FM 100-5.
AGL
AGM
air-to-ground missile
AGM-65
AGM-69
AGR
AGS
AGT
AGTS
AHAS
AI
AICBM
AIM
AIMS
AIN
AIPB
AIS
Air and Missile Defense (AMD) (USAADASCH) As normally used, the term is synonymous with
theater air and missile defense (see entry). However, the term can also be used in a broader context to
apply to any integrated joint force operations conducted to destroy air and missile threats in flight or
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Mutual support is achieved by positioning weapons so that the fires of one weapon can engage
targets within the dead zone of the adjacent weapon system. For gun systems, this dead zone is
usually small. For missile systems, the dead zone can be large and the need for mutual support is
great. Mutual support can also be used to cover non-operational units or units at lower states of
readiness.
Overlapping fires are achieved by positioning weapons so their engagement envelopes overlap.
Because of the many altitudes from which the enemy can attack or conduct RSTA operations, the
defense planner must apply mutual support or overlapping fires vertically and horizontally.
Balanced fires are achieved by positioning weapons to deliver an equal volume of fire in all
directions. This may be necessary when air defense is used in an area where the terrain does not canalize the enemy, or when the air avenue of approach is not predictable.
Weighted coverage is achieved by combining and concentrating fires toward the most likely
threat air avenues of approach or direction of attack. Based on the tactical situation, a commander
may risk leaving one direction of attack unprotected or lightly protected to weight coverage toward
another direction.
Early engagement is achieved by positioning sensors and weapons so they can engage the threat
before ordnance release or target acquisition. Ideally, ADA should engage and destroy the enemy
before it can fire on or acquire the defended asset or force.
Defense in depth is achieved by positioning sensors and weapons so the air threat will come under an increasing volume of fire as it approaches the protected asset or force. Defense in depth lowers the probability that the enemy will reach the defended asset or force.
Air Defense Artillery Employment Principles (FM 44-100 (FM 3-01)) Commanders apply four
principles when planning active air and missile defense operations. These principles are mass, mix,
mobility, and integration.
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Mass is the concentration of air and missile defense combat power. It is achieved by assigning
enough firepower to successfully defend the force or the asset against air and missile attack or surveillance. To mass air and missile defense combat power, commanders may have to accept risks in
other areas of the battlefield.
Mix is the employment of a combination of weapon and sensor systems to protect the force and
assets from the threat. Mix offsets the limitations of one system with the capabilities of another and
complicates the situation for the attacker. All joint and multinational arms resources are considered
when applying this principle. Proper mix causes the enemy to adjust their tactics. Enemy tactics designed to defeat one system may make the enemy vulnerable to another friendly system.
Mobility is the capability to move from place to place while retaining the ability to perform the air
defense mission. The mobility of air and missile defense resources must be equivalent to the mobility of the supported force. First priority for mobility should be planning moves that support accomplishment of the mission. Tactical situations may dictate additional moves to enhance survivability.
Strategic mobility is essential to support force-projection operations.
Integration is the close coordination of effort and unity of action, which maximizes operational
effectiveness. It is applicable, regardless of command relationships established. Active air and missile defense operations must be integrated into the supported commander's concept of the operation. The AD plan describes vertical and horizontal integration of air defense systems across the
width and depth of the battlefield and includes integration with joint and multinational forces.
Air Defense Artillery Fire Control Officer (ADAFCO) (FM 44-100 (FM 3-01)) A liaison between
AADC DCA operations and land-based ADA systems for engagement operations. The ADAFCO
works with either the regional air defense commander (RADC) or sector air defense commander
(SADC). He provides a single Army point of contact between land-based AMD for fire direction centers and the controlling authority. The ADAFCO operates a console and, as required, assigns hostile
targets to the tactical director at the FDC. It is a highly efficient arrangement for air defense operations
because the ADAFCO normally is a Patriot officer and is more tactically proficient at controlling landbased air defense fires.
Air Defense Artillery Fire Unit (FU) (AR 310-25) The smallest group of personnel and equipment of
a particular air defense weapon system capable of conducting a complete engagement from detection
to destruction.
Air Defense Artillery methods of control (MOC) (AR 310-25) Procedures by which the fires of air
defense weapon systems are supervised in a particular defense. Theater rules or unit standing operating
procedures may specify or imply use of either the centralized or decentralized method of control, or
circumstances may force autonomous operations.
Air Defense Artillery prohibited area (AR 310-25) An airspace, which is denied to friendly aircraft
under all conditions. See also Air Defense Artillery defended area; Air Defense Artillery restricted
area; Air Defense restricted area.
Air Defense Artillery restricted area (AR 310-25) An airspace in which there are special restrictive
measures employed to minimize interference between friendly forces. See also Air Defense Artillery
defended area; Air Defense Artillery prohibited area.
Air Defense Artillery special control instructions (AR 310-25) Control instructions pertaining to
specific engagements by radar-directed air defense artillery weapons. Special control instructions include hold fire, cease-fire, and cease engagement.
Air Defense battle zone (JP 1-02) A volume of airspace surrounding an air defense fire unit or defended area, extending to a specified altitude and range, in which the fire unit commander will engage
and destroy targets not identified as friendly under criteria established by higher headquarters.
Air defense conditions of readiness (AR 310-25) The means by specified authorities to maintain the
air defenses at a state of preparedness compatible with the real or apparent imminence of attack. The
terms air defense readiness condition and defense readiness postures are frequently used in relation to
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12
13
anti-jamming
AKN
ALARM (FM 90-38 (FM 3-97.18)) Directive/information indicating the termination of EMCON.
ALBE
ALBM
ALC
ALCC
ALCE
ALCM
ALERT
Alert (JP 1-02) 1. Readiness for action, defense or protection. 2. A warning signal of a real or threatened danger, such as an air attack. 3. The period of time during which troops stand by in response to
an alarm. 4. To forewarn; to prepare for action. See also airborne alert. 5. A warning received by a unit
or a headquarters, which forewarns of an impending operational mission. See also air defense warning
conditions; ground alert; and warning order.
ALO
ALOC
aloc
allocate
ALRCS
altitude
AM
amplitude modulation
AMC
AMCOM
AMD
AMDC
AMDPCS
AMDTF
AMDWS
AME
AMG
AMLS
AMM
antimissile missile
ammo
ammunition
amp
amplifying; amplifier
AMRAAM
AMT
AMTS
ANCD
ANG
ANGELS (FM 90-38 (FM 3-97.18)) Height of friendly aircraft in thousands of feet.
ANMD
Antenna Equipment Unit (AEU) (FM 3-01.11) The THAAD AEU consists of an X-band, phased
array antenna and an electronics package. The AE transmits radio frequency (RF) energy to support
search, track, and interceptor uplink/downlink. The AE includes the capability to transmit multiple RF
beams sequentially and receive beams simultaneously. The AEU has both front and rear leveling
jacks. The M1088 Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles (FMTV) or a commercial semi-tractor moves
the AEU. The AEU performs fence, volume, and cued search and serves as the communications link to
in-flight missiles. The antenna can be positioned from zero to eighty degrees in elevation.
Antenna Mast Group (AMG) (TM 9-1425-600-12) The AMG provides antenna/amplifier systems
for use with the UHF communications equipment located in the ECS, ICC, or CRG shelter that the
AMG is supporting. The AMG is employed to overcome terrain obstacles and to increase the range of
transmission and reception of UHF data and voice communications.
Antiballistic Missile (ABM) (BMDO Glossary) The term used for Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD)
weapons developed to negate the ballistic missile threat in the late 60s and early 70s.
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AOA
AOB
AOC
AOI
AOR
area of responsibility
AOS
AOT
AP
APC
APDS
APDS-T
APOC
APOD
APOE
aerial-port of embarkation
Apogee (JP 1-02) The point at which a missile trajectory or satellites orbit is farthest from the center
of the gravitational field of the controlling body or bodies.
APSE
APU
AR
ARAMS
ARBC
ARCENT
Area Air Defense Commander (AADC) (JP 1 02) Within a unified command, subordinate unified
command, or joint task force, the commander will assign overall responsibility for air defense to a single commander. Normally, this will be the component commander with the preponderance of air defense capability and the command, control, and communications capability to plan and execute integrated air defense operations. Representation from the other components involved will be provided, as
appropriate, to the area air defense commanders headquarters. See JP 3-12.1
Area Common User System (ACUS) (FM 100-12 (FM 3-01.12)) The ACUS is the in-theater, tactical
communications equivalent to civilian phone service. The ACUS is installed and operated by the
Army signal brigades at the EAC and corps levels and organic signal battalions in the divisions environment. The ACUS utilizes the MSE communications family of equipment that consists of a variety
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Army Forces
ARM
antiradiation missile
Army Air and Missile Defense Command (AAMDC) (FM 100-12 (FM 3-01.12)) Performs critical
theater level air and missile defense planning integration, coordination, and execution functions for the
ARFOR commander and JFLCC. The AAMDC integrates the four operational elements of TMD: active defense, attack operations, passive defense, and C4I to protect contingency, forward deployed, and
reinforcing forces as well as designated theater strategic assets. The AAMDC prepares the air and missile defense annex for the ARFOR operations order (OPORD). The AAMDC commands the echelons
above corps (EAC) ADA brigades and other assigned forces.
Army Air and Missile Defense Coordinator (AMDCOORD) (FM 100-12 (FM 3-01)) The
AMDCOORD is an integral member of ARFOR staff planning teams. The senior ADA commander at
each level in the ARFOR organization normally performs AMDCOORD functions. The
AMDCOORD recommends active defense priorities consistent with the factors of METT-TC. The
AMDCOORD develops these priorities based on CVRT factors of each asset. The AMDCOORD recommends ADA and other combined arms active defense measures in the active defense estimates. After staff coordination and approval of active defense estimates, the AMDCOORD develops the active
defense portion of the air and missile defense annex to the ARFOR OPLAN. The AMDCOORD also
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19
ARROC
ARSPACE
ARSPOC
ARTEP
ART-V
arty
artillery
ARU
ASAT
ASATS
ASBM
ASCC
ASCM
ASGM
ASI
ASIT
ASL
aslt
assault
ASM
ASMDC
ASOC
ASP
ASR
asst
assist
20
assembly
async
asynchronous
AT
annual training
ATACMS
ATBM
ATC
ATCCS
ATDL
ATE
ATG
ATGM
ATLP
ATM
ATMD
ATO
ATP
ATPU
Attack and Launch Early Reporting To Theater (ALERT) (BMDO Glossary) An upgrade to
ground station mission processing which exploits inherent satellite capability to provide theater missile
warning and cueing.
Attack operations (JP 3-01.5) Offensive actions intended to destroy and disrupt enemy theater missile
(TM) capabilities before, during, and after launch. The objective of attack operations is to prevent the
launch of TMs by attacking each element of the overall system, including such actions as destroying
2
launch platforms, RSTA platforms, C nodes, and missile stocks and infrastructure.
Augmentation (AR 310-25) The reinforcement of unified or specified commands through the deployment or redeployment of forces assigned to other commands.
Augmentee Observer Controller/Trainer (AOC/AOT) (AR 350-50-3) A non-certified OC (NCO or
Officer) tasked to augment BCTP during an exercise to provide expertise not available or to temporarily fill a personnel vacancy within BCTP to ensure comprehensive coverage of the exercise by all BOS
and SMEs.
auto
automatic
Automatic emplacement (AE) (FM 3-01.87) A Patriot system capability which utilizes the Precision
Lightweight Global Positioning Receiver (PLGR), North Finding System (NFS), and GPS-North Reference System Input/Output (GNIO) interface. Together these units automatically perform the operator
alignment functions that generate location, azimuth roll and crossroll for the system.
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auxiliary
AV
audiovisual
AVC
Avenger (Weapon Systems 1999) Lightweight, highly mobile, and transportable surface-to-air missile/gun weapon system mounted on a HMMWV. Fills the line of sight-rear (LOS-R) portion of the
FAADS.
Avenues of approach (AA) (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) An air or ground route of an attacking
force of a given size leading to its objective or to key terrain in its path. (See also intelligence preparation of the battlefield (IPB).) See FMs 7-8, 7-20, 7-30, 34-130, 44-100 (FM 3-01), 71-123, and 100-5.
avn
aviation
AVNG
Avenger
AVT
AW
AWACS
AWE
az
azimuth
Azimuth (AZ) (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) Quantities may be expressed in positive quantities
increasing in a clockwise direction, or in X, Y coordinates where south and west are negative. They
may be referenced to true north or magnetic north depending on the particular weapon system used.
(Army) The horizontal angle, measured clockwise by degrees or mils between a reference direction
and the line to an observed or designated point. There are three base (reference) directions or azimuths: true, grid, and magnetic azimuth. (See also grid azimuth, magnetic azimuth, and true azimuth.)
See FM 21-26.
Azimuth angle (JP 1-02) An angle measured clockwise in the horizontal plane between a reference
direction and any other line.
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B
B2C2
BC2
BM/C I
BM/C I
Back azimuth (AR 310-25) A reciprocal bearing. The reverse or backward, direction of an azimuth;
that is, the azimuth plus or minus 180 degrees.
BAI
Base Defense Zone (BDZ) (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) An air defense zone established around
an air base and limited to the engagement envelope of short-range air defense weapons systems defending that base. Base defense zones have specific entry, exit, and identification, friend or foe procedures established. (See also air defense and base defense.) See FMs 44-100 and 100-15.
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BATS
Battalion maintenance equipment (BMC) (FM 3-01.11) Semitrailer mounted shop van that contains
the tools, test and handling equipment necessary to maintain the Patriot system. The HHB MC has
been configured to function as a small repair parts transporter (SRPT).
Battalion tactical initialization (BATI) (FM 3-01.87) Provides the ICC weapons control computer
(WCC) with data parameters necessary for C2 of battalion engagement operations. These parameters
include (FIDOC) identification, assets and defended volumes, and patriot battery search sectors.
Battalion tactical operations center (BTOC/BNTOC) See tactical operations centers.
Battery (JP 1-02) 1. Tactical and administrative artillery unit or subunit corresponding to a company
or similar unit in other branches of the Army. 2. All guns, torpedo tubes, searchlights, or missile
launchers of the same size or caliber or used for the same purpose, either installed in one ship or otherwise operating as an entity.
Battery replaceable unit (BRU) See Line replaceable unit (LRU)
Battery maintenance group (BMG) (FM 3-01.11) Semi-trailer mounted shop van that contains the
tools, test and handling equipment necessary to maintain the Patriot system.
Battle Command Training Program (BCTP) (AR 350-50-3) The capstone of the Army CTC program designed to provide tough, realistic, stressful, and high quality command and battle staff training
for brigade, division, and corps commanders, their staffs, and major subordinate commanders. Serves
as a source of data and lessons learned for the DTLOMS.
Battle damage assessment (BDA) (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) The timely and accurate estimate of damage resulting from the application of military force, either lethal or non-lethal, against a
predetermined objective. Battle damage assessment can be applied to the employment of all types of
weapon systems (air, ground, naval, and special forces weapon systems) throughout the range of military operations. It is primarily an intelligence responsibility with required inputs and coordination
from the operators. It is composed of physical damage assessment, functional damage assessment, and
target system assessment. See FMs 6-20-10, 34-1, 34-130, 71-100, and 100-15.
Battle damage assessment and repair (BDAR) (FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) Any expedient action that
returns a damaged item or assembly to a mission-capable or limited mission-capable condition. Repairs are often temporary. (See also cannibalize.) See FMs 63-2 and 100-9.
Battle damage repair (BDR) (JP 1-02) Essential repair, which may be improvised, carried out rapidly
in a battle environment in order to return damaged or disabled equipment to temporary service.
Battle drill (FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) Standardized actions made in response to common battlefield
occurrences. They are designed for rapid reaction situations. See FMs 7-1, 7-8, 7-10, 7-15, and 17-98.
Battle Management/Command, Control, Communications, Computers, and Intelligence (BM/C4I)
(FM 100-12 (FM 3-01.12)) The BM/C4I system links passive defense, active defense, and attack
operations to provide timely assessment of threat, to include IPB; rapid dissemination of tactical warning; and post-strike assessment to the appropriate TMD element. For each operational element, the
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Battlefield operating system (BOS) (AR 350-50-3) The major functions occurring on the battlefield
and performed by the force to successfully execute operations. The seven systems are intelligence,
maneuver, fire support, mobility/survivability, air defense, combat service support, and command and
control.
Battlespace (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) The environment, factors, and conditions which must
be understood to successfully apply combat power, protect the force, or complete the mission. This includes the air, land, sea, space, and the included enemy and friendly forces, facilities, weather, terrain,
the electromagnetic spectrum, and the information environment within the operational areas and areas
of interest. See also electromagnetic spectrum; information environment; joint intelligence preparation
of the battlespace. (Army) The conceptual physical volume in which the commander seeks to
dominate the enemy. It expands and contracts in relation to the commanders ability to acquire and
engage the enemy, or can change as the commanders vision of the battlefield changes. It encompasses
three dimensions and is influenced by the operational dimensions of time, tempo, depth, and synchronization. It is not assigned by a higher commander nor is it constrained by assigned boundaries. (See
also battlefield framework.) See FMs 71-100, 100-5, and 100-15.
BC
battery commander
BCAC
BCBL
BCC
BCD
BCE
BCIS
BCP
BCS
BCU
BCTP
Battle Command Training Program (USA, Ft. Leavenworth, KS) (See Battle Command
Training Program)
BDA
BDAR
brigade
BDHI
bearing-distance-heading indicator
BDR
BDU
BDZ
Beam width (JP 1-02) The angle between the directions, on either side of the axis, at which the intensity of the radio frequency field drops to one-half the value it has on the axis.
Bearing-distance-heading indicator (BDHI) See North Finding System
Beyond Visual Range Engagement (BVRE) (USAADASCH) The engagement of hostile aircraft by
a SHORAD weapon system before the gunner or team chief can visually identify a target. Beyond visual range engagements are permitted when:
The HTUs track is identified as hostile by an agency authorized identification authority IAW the
Area Air Defense Plan (AADP) and Airspace Control Plan (ACP) and will comply with criteria for
JDN track maintenance and continuity to ensure positive track identity IAW AADP and ACP.
Theater ROE authorizes engagement of hostile targets by SHORAD systems beyond visual range.
Correlation between JDN identified hostile tracks and the SHORAD systems acquired track can
be positively correlated.
Friendly or unknown aircraft are not in the vicinity of the hostile aircraft.
BFA
BFV
BICC
BIM
built-in test
BITE
BL
basic load
BLIND (FM 90-38 (FM 3-97.18)) No visual contact with friendly aircraft/ground position. Opposite
of VISUAL.
BLOS
beyond line-of-sight
BM
26
BMD
BMDO
BME
BMEWS
BMG
BMO
BMMO
bn
battalion
BN HQ
battalion headquarters
BNSCC
BNTOC
BOC
Boost phase (JP 1-02) That portion of the flight of a ballistic missile or space vehicle during which the
booster and sustainer engines operate. See also midcourse phase; reentry phase; terminal phase.
BOS
BP
battle position
Boundary (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) A line which delineates surface areas for the purpose of
facilitating coordination and deconfliction of operations between adjacent units, formations or areas.
(Army) 1. A control measure used to define the right, left, rear, and forward limits of an area of
operations. 2. A control measure normally drawn along identifiable terrain features and used to delineate areas of tactical responsibility between adjacent units and between higher headquarters to the rear
of subordinate units. Within their boundaries, units may maneuver within the overall plan without
close coordination with neighboring units unless otherwise restricted. Direct fire may be placed across
boundaries on clearly identified enemy targets without prior coordination, provided friendly forces are
not endangered. Indirect fire also may be used after prior coordination. (See also airhead, airspace coordination area (ACA), area of operations (AO), and bridgehead.)
Bounding overwatch (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) (Army) A movement technique used when
contact with enemy forces is expected. The unit moves by bounds. One element is always halted in
position to overwatch another element while it moves. The overwatching element is positioned to support the moving unit by fire or fire and movement. (See also movement technique and overwatch.) See
FMs 7-8, 7-20, and 71-123.
Bradley Control Electronics (FM 3-01.11) The Bradley control electronics (BCE) is the main computer that monitors and controls all Stinger-related system functions. The primary function of the BCE
is to interface between the Linebacker systems and the operator. Through this interface, the operator
provides input to the BCE that controls the Stinger system. The BCE also monitors input from the system, including built-in-test (BIT) status. If a system failure is detected, the BCE will cause the system
fault indictor on the SCB to illuminate and display an error message on the control display terminal
(CDT).
27
burst
BRU
BSA
BSCC
BSD
BSE
BSFV
BSFV-E
BSG
BSP
BTMS
BTOC
btry
battery
BTU
Built in test equipment (BITE) (AR 310-25) Any device permanently mounted in the prime equipment and used for the express purpose of testing the prime equipment, either independently or in association with external test equipment.
Burn-through range (BMDO Glossary) The distance at which a specific radar can discern targets
through the external interference being received.
BVR
BVRE
BVRID
BWFX
28
C
2
CI
CI
C4ISR
C-E
Communication-Electronics
CR-UAV
CA
CAA
CAAS
CAC
CAD
CADCI
CADEWS
CAFAD
CAI
cal
caliber
CAL
CALFEX
CI
CV
CW
C
camouflage (cam) (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) The use of natural or artificial material on personnel, objects, or tactical positions with the aim of confusing, misleading, or evading the enemy. (See
also concealment, cover, deception, and surveillance.) See FM 90-2.
cannibalize (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1) To remove serviceable parts from one item of equipment in order
to install them on another item of equipment. (Army) The authorized removal of parts or components from economically unrepairable or disposable items or assemblies and making them available
for reuse. (See also battle damage assessment and repair (BDAR).) See FMs 63-2, 63-2-1, 63-6, 63-20,
63-21, and 71-123.
29
counterair operations
CAP
(FM 3-01.11) The Stinger Captive Flight Trainer is a Stinger missile guidance assembly in a
launch tube. The CFT provides operator training in target acquisition, tracking, engagement, loading and unloading at the service school and sustainment training on these tasks in the unit.
(DA Pam 350-38) Avenger captive flight trainer (CFT). The CFT is a missile simulator used
to train operator tracking and engagement skills. The CFT is used in conjunction with RCMATs to
train engagement procedures with live targets. The CFT consists of a Stinger-RMP missile guidance assembly, a ballasted launch tube and a container. The seeker and audio interface is the same
as for the tactical missile, with electrical power and coolant provided by normal launcher sources.
CARM
CAS
CATS
CBS
CBT
cbt
combat
CBU
CCA
CCIR
CCM
counter-countermeasures
CD
CDI
CDR
commander
CDS
CDT
CDU
CE
Cease (FM 90-38 (FM 3-97.18)) In air defense, break the ENGAGEMENT on the target specified.
Missiles in flight will continue to intercept.
Cease engagement (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) In air defense, a fire control order used to direct units to stop the firing sequence against a designated target. Guided missiles already in flight will
continue to intercept. (See also engage and hold fire.) See FM 44-100 (FM 3-01).
Cease fire (CEASF) (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) A command given to air defense artillery
units to refrain from firing on, but to continue to track, an airborne object. Missiles already in flight
will be permitted to continue to intercept. (Army) A command given to any unit or individual firing any weapon to stop engaging the target. (See also call for fire, fire command, and fire mission.)
See FMs 6-20, 7-8, 7-90, 17-12, 23-1, and 44-100 (FM 3-01).
30
cease fire
CECOM
Celestial guidance (JP 1-02) The guidance of a missile or other vehicle by reference to celestial bodies. See also guidance.
CENTCOM
Centralized control (JP 1-02) In air defense, the control mode whereby a higher echelon makes direct
target assignments to fire units. See also decentralized control. See also, modes of control.
CEOI
CEP
CESO
CEU
CFAR
CFC
CFE
CFL
cfm
confirm; confirmed
CFT
CFX
Ch
Chief
ch
check
Cherubs (FM 90-38 (FM 3-97.18)) Height of a friendly aircraft in hundreds of feet.
Chicks (FM 90-38 (FM 3-97.18)) Friendly aircraft.
CHS
CIC
CIL
CIP
Circular error probable (CEP) (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1) An indicator of the delivery accuracy of a weapon system, used as a factor in determining probable damage to a target. It is the radius
of a circle within which half of a missiles projectiles are expected to fall. (Army) Error in location
of a system or vehicle based on the on-board navigational system and the distance from the last survey
control point. See FMs 6-50 series, 7-90, 17-12, and 23-1.
CIU
CK
confirmed kill
CKW
CKT
circuit
31
CLIN
CLS
Clutter (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1) Permanent echoes, cloud, or other atmospheric echo on
radar scope; as contrast has entered scope clutter. (See also air defense) See FM 44-100.
CM
cm
countermeasure; centimeter
cmd
command
CMD
CMIS
CMND Plan
command plan
CMP
CMTC
CMUP
cntl
control
coax
COCOM
COE
COEI
COFA
correlation of forcesair
COFT
conduct-of-fire trainer
Collective training (AR 350-70) Training, either in institutions or units, that prepares cohesive teams
and units to accomplish their missions in the full continuum of military operations.
Collocation (JP 1-02) The physical placement of two or more detachments, units, organizations, or
facilities at a specifically defined location.
Combat air patrol (CAP) (JP 1-02) An aircraft patrol provided over an objective area, over the force
protected, over the critical area of a combat zone, or over an air defense area, for the purpose of intercepting and destroying hostile aircraft before they reach their target.
Combat drill (AR 350-70) A collective task done at platoon level and below that is critical to the
units success in combat.
Combat information center (CIC) (JP 1-02) The agency in a ship or aircraft manned and equipped to
collect, display, evaluate, and disseminate tactical information for the use of the embarked flag officer,
32
The Battle Command Training Program (BCTP) at Fort Leavenworth, KS provides training for
ARFOR/JFLCC, Corps, Divisions and Brigade Commanders and their staffs.
The National Training Center (NTC) at Fort Irwin, CA provides training for brigade and battalion task forces. NTC is oriented towards heavy units.
The Joint Readiness Training Center (JRTC) at Fort Polk, LA provides training for brigade and
battalion task forces. JRTC is oriented towards light units.
The Combat Maneuver Training Center (CMTC) at Hohenfels, Germany provides training for
battalion task forces (both heavy and light).
Combined arms (CA) (FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1) The synchronized or simultaneous application of
several arms, such as infantry, armor, artillery, engineers, air defense, aviation, to achieve an effect on
the enemy that is greater than if each arm was used against the enemy in sequence. (See also combat
multiplier and task force (TF).) See FMs 71-100, 71-123, and 100-5.
Combined arms for air defense (CAFAD) (FM 44-100 (FM 3-01)) Participants on the battlefield
must be capable of firing in self-defense at enemy attack or surveillance aircraft. Small arms and crewserved weapons fire against rotary- and fixed-wing aircraft, UAVs, and cruise missiles thus providing
a significant terminal defense. Individual and crew-served weapons can mass their fires against air
threats. The massed use of guns in local air defense causes enemy air to increase their standoff range
for surveillance and weapons delivery and increase altitude in transiting to and from targets. These reactions make enemy air more vulnerable to ADA. CAFAD training and tactical SOPs enable units to
effectively prepare for self-defense against air attack.
Combined arms integration (AR 350-70) The process of ensuring that lower level's training strategies support the next higher level's training strategies (i.e. battalion supports brigade) and maneuver
training strategies are supported by other unit strategies.
Combined arms live fire exercise (AR 350-70) High-cost, resource-intensive exercises in which
player units move or maneuver and employ organic and supporting weapons systems using full service
ammunition with attendant integration of all combat, CS, and CSS functions.
Combined arms training (AR 350-70) Training which focuses on the integration of combat, combat
support, and combat service support elements to produce units capable of mission accomplishment on
the battlefield.
Combined Arms Training Strategy (CATS) (AR 350-70) The Combined Arms Training Strategy
(CATS) is the Army's overarching strategy for the current and future training of the force. These training strategies --
33
Command and control (C ) (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) The exercise of authority and direction by a properly designated commander over assigned and attached forces in the accomplishment of
the mission. Command and control functions are performed through an arrangement of personnel,
equipment, communications, facilities, and procedures employed by a commander in planning, directing, coordinating, and controlling forces and operations in the accomplishment of the mission. (See
also battle command, command, commander, and command post (CP).) See FMs 7-20, 7-30, 71-100,
71-123, 100-15, and 101-5.
Command and control warfare (C2W) (JP 1-02/ FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) The integrated use of
operations security (OPSEC), military deception, psychological operations (PSYOP), electronic warfare (EW), and physical destruction, mutually supported by intelligence, to deny information to, influence, degrade, or destroy adversary command and control capabilities. While protecting friendly
command and control capabilities against such actions. Command and control warfare is an application of information warfare in military operations and is a subset of information warfare. Command
and control warfare applies across the range of military operations and all levels of conflict. C2W is
both offensive and defensive: a. C2-attack. Prevent effective C2 of adversary forces by denying information to, influencing, degrading, or destroying the adversary C2 system. b. C2-protect. Maintain
effective command and control of own forces by turning to friendly advantage or negating adversary
efforts to deny information to, influence, degrade, or destroy the friendly C2 system. (See also information warfare (IW).) See FMs 34-1, 71-100, 100-5, 100-15, and JP 3-13.1.
4
Command, control, communications, computers, and intelligence (C I) (FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1))
Integrated system doctrine, procedures, organizational structures, facilities, communication computers,
and supporting intelligence assets. It includes missile warning and cueing of defense systems by missile warning sensors and ground stations. C4I provides command authorities at all levels with timely
and accurate data systems to plan, monitor, direct, control, and report operations. (Army) The
means for the commander to communicate his intent, command and control his forces, and disseminate
pertinent information throughout his area of operations.
Command, control, communications, computers systems (C4) (JP 1-02) Integrated systems of doctrine, procedures, organizational structures, personnel, equipment, facilities, and communications designed to support a commanders exercise of command and control across the range of military operations. See also command and control; tactical command, control, communications, and computer system(s).
Command guidance (JP 1-02) A guidance system wherein intelligence transmitted to the missile from
an outside source causes the missile to traverse a directed flight path. (See also guidance.)
Command post (CP) (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) A units or subunits headquarters where the
commander and the staff perform their activities. In combat, a unit or subunits headquarters is often
divided into echelons; the echelon in which the unit or subunit commander is located or from which
such commander operates is called a command post. (Army) The principle facility employed by
the commander to control combat operations. (The commander is only present at the command post to
receive information or briefings. He controls the battle from a forward position called the command
34
Communications
Common operational picture (COP) (JTAMDO Battle Management Concept for Joint Theater Air and
Missile Defense Operations, 14 March 1998) The force disposition and planning/amplifying data
from each consistent tactical picture (CTP) is combined with any additional information produced by
the CINC (e.g., commanders intent, battle plans, projection overlays, etc.) at the CINC-designated
COP correlation site to form the common operational picture. This provides the CINC with a complete
description of his AOR that can be accessed by appropriate GCCS users worldwide.
Communication patch panel (CPP) (TM 9-1425-600-12) Provides voice communications via UHF
and VHF radios.
Communication relay (CR) (FM 3-01.11) A CR (group) consists of a single LCS and SSG. It provides both data relay and voice relay whenever point to point communications capabilities are exceeded because of distance or terrain masking. A CR may be used to provide communications relay
between:
TOC and Launchers. In exercising control of any remote THAAD element via a CR, communications between the TOC and the CR are usually via JTIDS. Communications between the CR and
launchers is by fiber optic cable.
TOC and SSI. In exercising control of remote radar via a CR, communications links between the
TOC, CR, and SSI are usually via JTIDS.
THAAD TOCs. The communications link between two or more THAAD TOCs using CRs is usually via JTIDS.
TOC and external agencies or nets. The communications link between a TOC and CR is usually
JTIDS with the link between the CR and external agencies/nets as required. A TOC may communicate directly with external agencies without using a CR.
Communications Relay Group (CRG) (TM 9-1425-600-12) The main function of the CRG is to extend the range of the secure multirouted battalion UHF DDL network by functioning as a link node relay station between each firing battery ECS and the ICC, between other battalion ICCs, and between
the ICC and higher echelon.
35
communications zone
Compact Digital Switch (CDS) (FM 3-01.11) The Compact Digital Switch (CDS [ON-422 handles
over 708 individual circuits. This device routes telephone and data throughout the battery and the external ACUS network. It includes a multi-station intercom system with selective answering capability,
audible/visual alerts, and conference calling (intercom, radio, and telephone) capability. The two associated pieces of COMSEC equipment are the speech security equipment and the trunk encryption devices that provide bulk encryption for ACUS purposes. The software used to initialize the CDS is contained in a laptop computer. The software version of the CDS must also be compatible with the software version used by the MSE system. Pre-affiliation lists (routing tables) and individual phone lists
must also stay current to ensure maximum interoperability.
Compass rose (JP 1-02) A graduated circle, usually marked in degrees, indicating directions and
printed or inscribed on an appropriate medium.
compl
complete
Composite defense (AR 310-25) In air defense artillery, a defense that employs two or more types of
fire units which are integrated into a single defense.
Computer-aided instruction (CAI) (AR 350-70) A type of IMI. Computer-aided instruction (CAI),
also referred to as "computer-assisted instruction," involves use of computers to aid in the delivery of
instruction. CAI exploits computer technology to provide for the storage and retrieval of information
for both the instructor and student. CAI usually refers to the use of computers to support instructor-led
classroom instruction. Using computers as a presentation media for slides, audio, or motion pictures
which support large or small group instruction is an example of CAI.
Computer-managed instruction (CMI) (AR 350-70) A type of IMI. CMI involves the use of computers and software to manage the instructional process. Functions of CMI can include a management
administration system designed to track student performance over time, provide information concerning performance trends, record individual and group performance data, schedule training, and provide
support for other training management functions. CMI functions may be used with CBT,CBI, CAI, or
IMI based on need.
COMSEC
communications security
con
control; controlled
CONEX (AR 310-25) Code name for Container Express which identifies the operation of cargo transporters in a worldwide service under the control of the Joint CONEX Control Agency.
conf
confirmed
config
configuration
Consistent tactical picture (CTP) (JTAMDO Battle Management Concept for Joint Theater Air and
Missile Defense Operations, 14 March 1998) A computer-generated display of the current tactical
situation in near real time that is consistent among users. Consistency is achieved because the information used in the development of the CTP is shared among users over a standard transmission mechanism (Link-16/TADIL J), with standardized message sets (J-series messages), utilizing standardized
data elements derived from the DOD Core Data Model. Shared data is then displayed using the standardized military symbology from MIL-STD 2525A.
Contact team (AR 310-25) An element of a command organization or unit designated to visit another
organization for the purpose of providing service or intelligence; for example, detachment from a
maintenance company sent forward to deliver supplies and/or make repairs on ordnance materiel of
units needing assistance.
36
control
Control and reporting center (CRC) (JP 1-02) A mobile command, control, and communications
radar element of the US Air Force theater air control system subordinate to the air operations center.
The control and reporting center possesses four Modular Control Equipment operations modules and
integrates a comprehensive air picture via multiple data links from air-, sea-, and land-based sensors as
well as from its surveillance and control radars. It performs decentralized command and control of
joint operations by conducting threat warning, battle management, theater defense missile defense,
weapons control, combat identification, and strategic communications.
Control and reporting post (CRP) (JP 1-02) An element of the US Air Force tactical air control system, subordinate to the control and reporting center, which provides radar control and surveillance
within its area of responsibility.
Control display terminal (CDT) (FM 3-01.11) The Control Display Terminal (CDT) is a hand-held
terminal mounted between the commander and gunner positions. It has an 80-character black-light liquid crystal display (LCD) and a function keypad for data input. The CDT displays essential operational information and allows the gunner or commander direct interface with the BCE.
Control measures (FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) Directives given graphically or orally by a commander
to subordinate commands to assign responsibilities, coordinate fires and maneuver, and control combat
operations. Each control measure can be portrayed graphically. In general, all control measures should
be easily identifiable on the ground. Examples of control measures include boundaries, objectives, coordinating points, contact point, and direction of attack. See FMs 5-100, 6-20, 7-90, 71-100, 100-15,
100-103-1, 100-103-2, and 101-5.
Control unit group (CUG) (TM 9-1425-600-12) Interfaces with ECS via RWCIU, generates beam
steering data, all timing triggers for radar transmitter group and signal processor group, and interfaces
IFF data with other elements of system.
CONUS
convl
conventional
Cooling equipment unit (CEU) (FM 3-01.11) Provides liquid cooling required for the THAAD AEU.
It is equipped with a power distribution unit (PDU) which distributes the prime input power from the
prime power unit (PPU) to the rest of the radar components.
coord
Coordination team A term synonymous with liaison team (See liaison team)
COP
Corps SAM (BMDO Glossary) OBSLOETE. See Medium Extended Air Defense System (MEADS)
corr
corrective
Correlation (BMDO Glossary) 1. The process of relating observations or tracks from one set of data
to observations or tracks from another set of data, i.e., collecting data from different frames or sensors
that presumably relate to the same target. 2. In air defense, the determination that an aircraft appearing
on a radarscope, on a plotting board, or visual is the same as that on which information is being received from another source.
COSCOM
COTS
37
CPE
CPP
CPU
CPX
CR
communication relay
CRC
CRE
Crew Drill
See "Drill."
CRG
CRL
Crossroll (FM 3-01.87) The measurement of the level of an end item (radar/launcher), front to rear,
usually taken in mils.
Crosswalk (AR 350-50-3) BCTP method of reviewing orders, OPLANs, and operations to determine
strengths, disconnects, concerns, and doctrinal errors. The training unit and Senior Observer (SRO) re-
38
control and reporting post; control and reporting point (JFACC term)
CRT
Cruise missile (CM) (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) Guided missile, the major portion of whose
flight path to its target is conducted at approximately constant velocity; depends on the dynamic reaction of air for lift and upon propulsion forces to balance drag.
Crypto Key Weekly (CKW) (FM 3-01.87) Two types of cryptographic keys are used by the PLGR.
They are group unique key (GUK) and cryptographic key weekly (CKW). The GUK is normally good
for a year, while the CKW is good for 7 days. The Army is currently issued the GUK codes yearly.
CS
CSB
CSIF
conflict SIF
CSS
CTA
CTBM
conventionally-armed TBM
CTC
Combat Training Center (USA, Ft. Leavenworth, KS) See Combat Training Center
CTCP
CTT
CTT-H/R
CTU
CTVT
CTX
Cued Operation (BMDO Glossary) The directing of one sensor based upon the data received from
another sensor.
Cueing (FM 44-100 (FM 3-01)) Provides specific and timely position data with tentative identification
of aircraft within a designated range of a fire unit.
CUG
CVC
CVRT
CW
CWAR
combat zone
39
D
2
D&C
D/A
digital-to-analog
DACG
DACS
DACU
DAG
DAL
DAM
Display Aided Maintenance (short for Display Aided Maintenance and Control System
(Patriot))
DAO
DAP
Data link (JP 1-02) The means of connecting one location to another for the purpose of transmitting
and receiving data. See also tactical digital information link.
Data link terminal (DLT) (TM 9-1425-600-12) Sends/receives LS data via VHF radio and fiber optic
link.
Data link terminal module (DLTM) (TM 9-1425-600-12) Contains the following equipment modules: radio, processor, slave bus unit, and master bus unit.
dB
decibel
DCA
defensive counterair
DCGE
DCN
DCNTR
decentralized
DCO
DDL
DDN
DE
directed energy
Dead space (JP 1-02) 1. An area within the maximum range of a weapon, radar, or observer, which
cannot be covered by fire or observation from a particular position because of intervening obstacles,
the nature of the ground, or the characteristics of the trajectory, or the limitations of the pointing capabilities of the weapon. 2. An area or zone which is within range of a radio transmitter, but in which a
40
decontaminate; decontamination
def
DEFCON
Defended Asset List (DAL) (BMDO Glossary) A ranked listing of facilities, forces, and national political items that require protection from attack or hostile surveillance. The list is compiled from Federal departments and agencies, Unified and Specified Commands, and the Armed Services to ensure
National Security Emergency Preparedness functions.
Defense in depth (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) The siting of mutually supporting defense positions designed to absorb and progressively weaken attack, prevent initial observations of the whole
position by the enemy, and to allow the commander to maneuver his reserve.
Defense readiness conditions (DEFCON) (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) A uniform system of
progressive alert postures for use between the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and commanders
of unified and specified commands and for use by the Services. Defense readiness conditions are
graduated to match situations of varying military severity (status of alert). Defense readiness conditions are identified by the short title DEFCON (5), (4), (3), (2), and (1), as appropriate. See FM 100-5.
Defense Support Program (DSP) (FM 44-100) The DSP was initiated as a space-based strategic surveillance system to detect the launch of ICBM and SLBM. Its utility has expanded to support theater
missile defense operations. DSP satellites are located in geosynchronous orbits to provide continuous
coverage over the eastern and western hemispheres. DSP satellites can detect the launch of ICBM,
SLBM, SRBM, satellite booster rockets, and certain other rockets. USSPACECOM exercises authority
over DSP through the Air Force Space Command that operates and controls the satellites. Data is centrally processed and transmitted to users. The principal users are the National Command Authority,
United States Space Command, Strategic Command, North American Aerospace Defense Command
(NORAD), and unified and specified CINCs.
Defensive counterair (DCA) (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) All defensive measures designed to
detect, identify, intercept, and destroy or negate enemy forces attempting to attack or penetrate the
friendly air environment. Also called DCA. See also counterair; defensive counterair. (Army) Operations conducted to protect against attack from enemy systems that operate in the atmosphere (for
example: a system used to destroy enemy aircraft attacking friendly surface forces.).
Defensive counterair operations (FM 44-71 (FM 3-01.7) The protection of assets from air attacks
through both direct defense and destruction of the enemys air attack capacity in the air.
Defensive counterspace (DCS) (FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) (Army) Operations conducted to defend
against attacks by systems operating in space.
DEFREP
deg
degree
DEP
deployed
DEPEX
deployment exercise
Deployment exercise (DEPEX) (AR 350-50-3) An exercise which provides training for soldiers,
units, and support agencies in the tasks and procedures for deploying home stations or installations to
potential areas of hostilities.
Deputy Area Air Defense Commander (DAADC) (FM 44-100 (FM 3-01)) Based on the factors of
METT-TC the joint force commander (JFC) and area air defense commander (AADC) will determine
whether a deputy area air defense commander (DAADC) should be designated. Normally, the commander of the Army air and missile defense command (AAMDC) assumes the role of the DAADC because the AAMDC has the necessary personnel and equipment to support the DAADC mission. This
designation formalizes the relationship between the land-based AD assets dedicated to theater level
missions and the AADC and also ensures fully integrated and synchronized counterair and TMD operations.
dest
destroy; destination
det
Detection (JP 1-02) 1. In tactical operations, the perception of an object of possible military interest,
but unconfirmed by recognition. 2. In surveillance, the determination and transmission by a surveillance system that an event has occurred. 3. In arms control, the first step in the process of ascertaining
the occurrence of a violation of an arms-control agreement.
dev
DEW
Digital azimuth control unit (DACU) (FM 3-01.87) Digital Azimuth Control Unit - Connects the
CUG to environmental receiver subsystems and changes automatic position data received from ECS to
clockwise and counterclockwise commands; receives status information from other subsystems.
Digital command guidance electronics (DCGE) (TM 9-2350-284-10-2) Provides for the launch and
flight control of the TOW/TOW 2 missile fired from a BFV.
Digitization (FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) 1. The near-real-time transfer of battlefield information between diverse fighting elements to permit a shared awareness of the tactical situation. 2. Leveraging
information-age technologies to enhance the art of command and facilitate the science of control. (See
also command and control warfare (C2W) and information warfare (IW).) See FMs 71-100 and 10015.
Dihedral (Websters II) 2.The upward or downward inclination of an aircraft wing from true horizontal.
Direct support (DS) See support relationships.
Directed early warning (DEW) (FM 44-64) Directed early warning is designed to alert a non-ADAsupported unit, units, or an area of the battlefield of an immediate or possible threat. It is passed over
the supported unit command net or a net designated by the maneuver unit commander as flash precedence traffic. Directed early warning defines the LADW and states whether the aerial platform is
friendly or unknown, a cardinal direction, and, if known, the most likely affected asset(s) within the
supported force.
Directed-energy (DE) (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) An umbrella term covering technologies
that relate to the production of a beam of concentrated electromagnetic energy or subatomic particles.
42
Display aided maintenance (DAM) (TM 9-1425-600-12) The DAMCS controls the operator interfaces, overall maintenance control and sequencing, maintenance procedure loading and processing,
and mass storage unit (MSU) input and output capability.
Display and control group (D&C) (TM 9-1425-600-12) Provides for operator monitoring and control of equipment status and operation at two manstations.
distr
distribution; distribute
DIVARTY
DL
data link
DLRP
DLT
DLTM
DLU
DNVT
Doctrine (JP 1-02) Fundamental principles by which the military forces or elements thereof guide
their actions in support of national objectives. It is authoritative but requires judgment in application.
See FM 100-5.
Doctrine and Tactics Training (DTT) (AR 350-70) Training conducted on equipment, interoperability, and management of new or cascaded equipment, considering comparison of new to older
equipment, and associated threats.
43
equipment to use the weapon or equipment successfully in combat or to preserve life, initiated on
cue, accomplished with minimal leader orders, and performed to standard throughout like units in
the Army. This action is a trained response to a given stimulus, such as an enemy action, a leaders
brief order, or the status of the weapon or equipment.
Drone (JP 1-02) A land, sea, or air vehicle that is remotely or automatically controlled. See also remotely piloted vehicle; unmanned aerial vehicle.
Drop(ing) (FM 90-38 (FM 3-97.18)) 1. Directive/informative to stop monitoring a specified emitter/target and resume search responsibilities. 2. Remove the emitter/target from tactical picture/track
stores.
Drop track (JP 1-02) In air intercept, the unit having reporting responsibility for a particular track is
dropping that track and will no longer report it. Other units holding an interest in that track may continue to report it.
DS
direct support
DSA
DSB
DSM
DSP
DSS
DSU
DSVT
DTG
date-time group
DTIP
DTLOMS
Doctrine, Training, Leadership, Organization, Material, and Soldiers (USA BCBL term)
DTOC
DTS
Dud (JP 1-02) Explosive munitions that has not been armed as intended or which has failed to explode
after being armed.
DVAL
44
demonstration validation
driver
DVVD
DX
direct exchange
DZ
drop zone
45
E
E-2
E2I
endo-exoatmospheric interceptor
EAAD
EAC
ECCM
electronic counter-countermeasures
ECCM ASSIST (FM 3-01.87) Electronic counter-counter measures assist S/I (console button used to
turn on a function (the ECCM functions of the radar)) that has been allowed during initialization.
ech
echelon
echelon (FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) 1. A subdivision of a headquarters, i.e., forward echelon, rear
echelon. 2. Separate level of command. As compared to a regiment, a division is a higher echelon; a
battalion is a lower echelon. 3. A fraction of a command in the direction of depth to which a principle
combat mission is assigned, i.e., attack echelon, support echelon, reserve echelon. 4. A formation in
which its subdivisions are placed one behind another, with a lateral and even spacing to the same side.
(See also airborne operations, command post (CP), and formation.) See FMs 7-7, 7-8, 7-10, 7-20, 730, 10-1, 17-95, 71-123, 100-5, 100-10, and 100-15.
Echelon above corps (EAC) (FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) Army headquarters and organizations that
provide the interface between the theater commander (joint or multinational) and the corps for operational matters. See FM 100-5.
ECM
electronic countermeasures
ECP
ECS
ECU
EDR
EDRE
EDWA
EEFI
EEI
EEU
EHOLD
engage hold
46
end item
EIDS
EIR
EIU
EKV
EL
elevation
Electric power plant (EPP) (TM 9-1425-600-12) Consists of two 150 kW generator sets, a power
distribution unit (PDU), cables and accessories mounted on a 5-ton 6x6 M942 truck.
Electric power unit (EPU) (TM 9-1425-600-12) Consists of two gas turbine generators with an internal fuel system which is contained within the pallet frame, seated on a 3-1/2 ton M353 modified
trailer.
Electromagnetic interference (EMI) (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) Any electromagnetic disturbance that disrupts, obstructs, or otherwise degrades or limits the effectiveness of electronics/electrical
equipment. It can be induced intentionally, as in some forms of electronic warfare, or unintentionally,
as a result of spurious emissions and responses, inter-modulation products, and the like. (See also
jamming.) See FM 34-1.
Electromagnetic pulse (EMP) (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) The electromagnetic radiation
from a nuclear explosion caused by Compton-recoil electrons and photoelectrons scattered in the material of the nuclear device or in a surrounding medium. The resulting electric and magnetic fields may
couple with electrical/electronic systems to produce damaging current and voltage surges. (Army)
The high-energy, short-duration pulse (similar in some respects to a bolt of lightning) generated by a
nuclear or non-nuclear detonation. It can induce a current in any electrical conductor and can temporarily disrupt or overload and damage components of improperly protected or unprotected electronic
equipment. See FM 3-3-1.
Electronic countermeasures (ECM) (FM 44-71 (FM 3-01.7)) That division of electronic warfare
involving actions taken to prevent or reduce an enemys effective use of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Electronic counter-countermeasures (ECCM) (FM 44-71 (FM 3-01.7)) That division of electronic
warfare involving actions taken to ensure friendly effective use of the electromagnetic spectrum despite the enemys use of electronic warfare.
Electronic counter-countermeasures assist (ECCM ASSIST) (FM 3-01.87) Electronic countercountermeasures assist S/I (console button used to turn on a function (the ECCM functions of the radar) that has been allowed during initialization.
Electronic equipment unit (EEU) (FM 3-01.11) The electronics equipment unit (EEU) is an environmentally controlled shelter housing the electronic equipment used to generate the timing and control signals required for radar operation and signal processing. The EEU consists primarily of the receiver, recorders, and signal processor and data processing equipment of the radar.
Electronic protection (JP 1-02) See electronic warfare.
Electronic warfare (EW) (JP 1-02) Any military action involving the use of electromagnetic and directed energy to control the electromagnetic spectrum or to attack the enemy. The three major divisions within electronic warfare are electronic attack, electronic protection, and electronic warfare support.
Electronic warfare support (ES) (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) That division of electronic warfare involving actions tasked by, or under direct control of, an operational commander to search for,
47
EMAC
EMAS
EMCON
emission control
emer
emergency
EMI
electromagnetic interference
Emission control (EMCON) (JP 1-02) The selective and controlled use of electromagnetic, acoustic,
or other emitters to optimize command and control capabilities while minimizing, for security: a. detection by enemy sensors; b. minimize mutual interference among friendly systems; and/or c. execute
a military deception plan. See also electronic warfare; state of emissions.
EMMO
EMP
electromagnetic pulse
empl
emplacement; employ
Emplacement (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) 1. A prepared position for one or more weapons or
pieces of equipment, for protection against hostile fire or bombardment, and from which they can execute their tasks. 2. The act of fixing a gun in a prepared position from which it may be fired. (See also
defend.) See FMs 5-103, 6-20 series, 7-7, 7-8, 7-90, and 71-123.
Employment (JP 1-02) The strategic, operational, or tactical use of forces. See also employment planning.
Employment guidelines See air defense artillery employment guidelines.
48
enemy
ENBND
engage inbound
ENDEX
end of exercise
End item (EI) (BMDO Glossary) The final production product when assembled, or completed, and
ready for issue/deployment.
Endoatmospheric (BMDO Glossary) Within the earths atmosphere; generally considered to be altitudes below 100km. An endoatmospheric interceptor reaches its target within the atmosphere.
Endo-Exoatmospheric Interceptor (E2I) (BMDO Glossary) A ground-based interceptor capable of
engaging RVs either endoatmospheric or exoatmospheric.
ENG
engage
Engage (JP 1-02) In air defense, a fire control order used to direct or authorize units and/or weapon
systems to fire on a designated target. (See also cease fire.)
Engage Hold (EHOLD) (FM 3-01.87) See fire control orders.
Engagement (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) In air defense, an attack with guns or air-to-air missiles by an interceptor aircraft, or the launch of an air defense missile by air defense artillery and the
missiles subsequent travel to intercept. (Army) A small tactical conflict, usually between opposing
forces. (See also battle and campaign.) See FMs 1-112, 7-7, 7-8, 7-10, 7-30, 44-100 (FM 3-01), 71123, 100-5, and 100-15.
Engagement control (JP 1-02) In air defense, that degree of control exercised over the operational
functions of an air defense unit that are related to detection, identification, engagement, and destruction of hostile targets.
Engagement control station (ECS) (TM 9-1425-600-12) The ECS functions as the operational control central for the Patriot FP, performing the basic ADA tasks either under direct coordination and
control of the ICC or independently.
Engagement operations (EO) (FM 44-100 (FM 3-01)) EO includes those functions required to execute the air, missile, and counter-surveillance battles. The air surveillance function establishes a correlated air picture with target types and identification. The mission control function processes commands
from higher echelon units, evaluates the threat, optimizes engagement performance, monitors the outcome of engagements, and manages the employment of sensors and decoys. The attack operations
support function determines the location of enemy air and missile launch sites and provides it to attack
systems. The data distribution function distributes the air picture and track data.
Engagement zone (EZ) See weapon engagement zone
Enhanced Area Air Defense (EAAD) (DCD Website) The EAAD system is a conceptual requirement
that addresses the negation of multiple threats employed in near-simultaneous and saturation attacks. It
will initially focus on the unguided rocket, mortar and artillery projectile, and reconnaissance UAV
threats. It has the potential to deal with the other threat targets (cruise missiles, helicopters, and fixedwing aircraft). The EAAD system could emerge as a directed-energy weapon (laser or high-power microwave), a hypervelocity kinetic-energy weapon, or both. Conceptually, the netted and distributed
non-dedicated BMC4I and remoted effectors (i.e., weapons) provide the requisite force protection with
precision and reliability. A USAADASCH-led integrated concept team is developing the requirement
and reviewing the technology alternatives and their implications. The EAAD system is projected for
fielding about FY15.
49
engagement status
Environmental control unit (ECU) (TM 9-1425-600-12) Monitors and controls air conditioning,
CBR protection equipment, and lighting within the shelter.
EO
EOB
EOC
EOD
EPLRS
EPP
EPU
equip
equipment
ERINT
ERPSL
ERT
ESJ
ESDU
ESM
ET
embedded trainer
ETPT
evac
evacuate
eval
evaluation; evaluate
EW
EWBN
EWCC
EWSO
Exercise (BMDO Glossary) A military maneuver or simulated wartime operation involving planning,
preparation, and execution. It is carried out for the purpose of training and evaluation. It may be a
combined, joint, or single-Service exercise, depending on participating organizations.
Exoatmospheric (BMDO Glossary) Outside the Earths atmosphere, generally considered being altitudes above 100km.
50
external
Extended range interceptor (ERINT) OBSOLETE. Extended Range Interceptor. Now referred to as
PAC-3.
EZ
engagement zone
51
F
FAAD C3I
FBCB2
F/O
fiber optic
function
FA
field artillery
FAA
FAAD
FAADEZ
FAAR
FAC
Family of Scatterable Mines (FASCAM) (FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) A grouping of munitions that
dispense scatterable mines (scatmines) by artillery, helicopter, fixed wing, or ground launchers. There
are antipersonnel and antitank mines. All US scatmines self-destruct at preset times. The self-destruct
times depend on the type of munition. (See also minefield and scatterable mines.) See FMs 5-71-100,
6-series, and 20-32.
FARE
FARP
FASCAM
FAST
Fault (AR 310-25) A physical condition that causes a device, a component, or an element, to fail to
perform in a required manner.
Fault isolation (FI) (AR 310-25) The act of locating a fault within the unit under test.
FB
firing battery
FC
fire control
FCO
FCS
fctn
function
FCX
FDC
FDDI
52
FDO
FDS
FEBA
FEZ
FFT
FHT
FI
fault isolation
Fiber-optic cable (FOC) (FM 3-01.11) Fiber optic communications consist of modulator-demodulator
equipment connected by cables with four fiber optic strands that are tied together to form cables capable of carrying data and voice. These cables are in one-kilometer increments. For the fiber optic cables
a maximum distance of two kilometers may be used. The BMC3I, radar, LCS, and launcher sections
all use the same cable type. At the BMC3I, radar and LCSs, the fiber optic cables are used to interconnect the TOS and LCS in any configuration. These local area network (LAN) configurations are referred to as the fiber optic data distribution interface (FDDI) system.
FIDOC
firing doctrine
Field handling trainer (FHT) (FM 3-01.11) The Stinger Field Handling Trainer (FHT) is used at the
unit level and service schools. The Stinger gunner uses the FHT to practice manual skills of weapon
handling, operations, sighting and ranging. The FHT can be used to visually track live aircraft or remotely piloted vehicle target system (RPVTS). It allows the gunner to practice mating and removal of
the gripstock, and insertion and removal of the battery coolant unit (BCU). The FHT is the same size,
weight, and appearance as the Stinger weapon round. Audio indications of target acquisition and IFF
responses are not a feature of the FHT.
Field of View (FOV) (BMDO Glossary) The angular measure of the volume of space within which
the system can respond to the presence of a target.
Field Training Exercise (FTX) (AR 350-70) Conducted under simulated combat conditions in the
field. FTXs fully integrate the total force in a realistic combat environment. They involve combat
arms, CS, and CSS units. FTXs encompass such training as battle drills, crew drills, and STXs to reinforce soldier and collective training integration. They are used to train the commander, staff, subordinate units, and slice elements. (FM 25-101) See "Exercise."
Field trains (FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) The combat service support portion of a unit at company, battalion, and brigade level that is positioned in the brigade support area with the forward support battalion and other support elements pushed forward from the division main support battalion. At company
level, supply and mess teams normally will be located in the battalion field trains. A battalions field
train may include mess teams and the portion of the supply section of the support platoon, a maintenance element, and ammunition and petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) elements not forward in the
combat trains. (See also combat trains and unit trains.) See FM 7-30, 7-123, 63-2, and 63-20.
Fighter engagement zone (FEZ) (JP 1-02) See weapon engagement zone.
FIM-92A (JP 1-02) See Stinger.
Fire control (JP 1-02) The control of all operations in connection with the application of fire on a target.
53
FISTV
Fixed Wing (FW) (Janes all the Worlds Aircraft) Non-movable and attached to the body of an aircraft.
FLCS
FLIR
forward-looking infrared
Float (FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) Logistics support that provides major assembly replacement for a
piece of equipment which is repairable but will take an extraordinary amount of time to repair.
FLOT
flt
flight
FM
FMS
FMTV
FO
FOB
FOC
fiber-optic cable
FOCA
FOFT
force-on-force trainer
Footprint (BMDO Glossary) 1. An estimated area of possible reentry or the solid angle of a detector
or linear area of a detector at a certain location. 2. Geographic area in which a focused satellite
downlinks can be received.
FOPS
FORG
friendly origin
Forward Area Air Defense (FM 44-43 (FM 3-01.43)) Provides low-altitude air defense protection to
the force and its critical assets. FAAD contributes to force protection operations by countering threat
reconnaissance, intelligence, surveillance and target acquisition (RISTA) and lethal aerial platforms.
Forward area air defense command, control and intelligence (FAADC2I) (Weapon Systems 1999)
A system which integrates air defense fire units, sensors, liaison elements, and command posts into a
synergistic system capable of defeating and denying the aerial threat. It provides the automated interface (division and below) for the air defense components to the ABCS, and allows the commanders
and staffs to communicate, plan, coordinate, and control the counter-air fight.
Forward area air defense command, control, communications, and intelligence (FAADC3I) (FM 301.11) The FAAD C3I system provides automated engagement operations (EO) and force operations (FO) capabilities at the SHORAD battalion. EO capabilities include near-real-time early warning
and target cueing information to SHORAD weapon systems, friendly aircraft identification, and airbattle management. FO capabilities include automated mission planning, automated staff planning,
and interoperability with other command systems. FAAD C3I effectively utilizes joint and combined
information by processing the air picture received from USAF E-3 (AWACS), USN E-2C (Hawkeye),
and TADIL-B sources such as Patriot.
Forward area air defense engagement zone (FAADEZ)
Forward edge of the battle area (FEBA) (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) The foremost limits of a
series of areas in which ground combat units are deployed, excluding the areas in which the covering
or screening forces are operating, designated to coordinate fire support, the positioning of forces, or
the maneuver of units. (See also main battle area (MBA).) See FMs 1-111, 6-20 series, 7-20, 7-30, 71100, 71-123, 100-5, and 100-15.
Forward line of own troops (FLOT) (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) A line which indicates the
most forward positions of friendly forces in any kind of military operation at a specific time. The
FLOT normally identifies the forward location of covering and screening forces. (Army) The
FLOT may be at, or short of the FEBA. An enemy FLOT indicates the forward most position of hos-
57
FOV
field of view
FP
fire platoon
FPF
FPL
FPW
Fragmentary order (FRAGO) (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) An abbreviated form of an operation order, usually issued on a day-to-day basis, that eliminates the need for restating information contained in a basic operation order. It may be issued in sections. (Army) A form of operation order
which contains information of immediate concern to subordinates. It is an oral, a digital, or written
message that provides brief, specific, and timely instructions without loss of clarity. It is issued after
an operational order to change or modify that order or to execute a branch or sequel to that order. See
FM 101-5.
FRAGO
fragmentary order
Freq
frequency
Free rocket (JP 1-02) A rocket not subject to guidance or control in flight.
Free rocket over ground (FROG) See free rocket
Friendly (FM 90-38 (FM 3-97.18)) A positively identified friendly contact.
FRND
friend
FROG
FS
FSA
FSB
FSC
FSCL
FSCOORD
FSCM
FSE
FSK
FSO
FSOP
FSTBY
58
FU
FUE
FUFU
Fuse (AR 310-25) An igniting or explosive device in the form of a cord consisting of a flexible fabric
tube and core of low or high explosive. Used in blasting and demolition work and in certain munitions.
Not to be confused with the term fuze.
FW
fixed wing
FWD
forward
59
GAA
Gas Particulate Filter Unit (GPFU) (TM 9-1425-600-12) Removes CBR contaminants from outside
air before it enters the shelter.
GAT
GBR
GBS
GCCS-A
GCI
GEHOC
Geopolitical assets (FM 3-01.11) Are nonmilitary assets that US, allied, or host nation civil authorities nominate for air and missile defense protection. These assets could be political, religious, ethnic,
historical, or territorial in nature. Since protection of geopolitical assets may not directly support military operations, integration of geopolitical assets into the air and missile defense priorities list must be
done at the highest levels. Geopolitical assets may include US territories.
GEM
gen
generator
GEOREF (JP 1-02) A worldwide position references system that applies to any map or chart graduated in latitude and longitude regardless of projection. It is a method of expressing latitude and longitude in a form suitable for rapid reporting and plotting. (This term is derived from the words The
World Geographic Reference System.)
GFE
GIP
GLCM
GLIF
Global Command And Control System (GCCS) (JP 1-02) Highly mobile, deployable command and
control system supporting forces for joint and multinational operations across the range of military operations, any time and any where in the world with compatible, interoperable, and integrated command, control, communications, computers, and intelligence systems. See also command and control;
command and control system.
Global Command And Control System - Army (GCCS-A) (Weapon Systems 1999) A C2 system
developed through implementation of the Defense Information Infrastructure (DII) Common Operating Environment (COE). A user-oriented system that supports the National Command Authority,
CINCs in the theater and down through the Joint Task Force Commander.
60
guided missile
GMC
GMT
gnd
ground
GNIO
gnr
gunner
GPALS
GPFU
GPS
Graceful degradation (BMDO Glossary) A condition in which a system continues to operate, providing service in a degraded mode rather than failing completely or catastrophically.
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) (ZULU) (FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) Mean solar time measured at the
meridian which runs through Greenwich, England. It is used as the basis for calculating time throughout most of the world. (See also Universal Time and ZULU time.) See FM 101-5.
gren
grenade
Ground Based Radar (GBS) (BMDO Glossary) A taskable, modular, multi-function, phased-array
radar that provides surveillance, tracking and engagement planning data in post-boost, midcourse, and
terminal flight phases within its capabilities. It also provides target discrimination, in-flight target updates (IFTUs), and target object maps (TOMs) to interceptor vehicles. See THAAD.
(USSPACECOM)
Ground Based Sensor (GBS) (PM: Sentinel Office, TSM: TSM-SHORAD. DA System Integrator:
DAMO-FDE) Sentinel AN/MPQ-64. The Sentinel is an active 3D sensor organic to the SHORAD
units which provide detection and tracking of fixed wing aircraft, hovering and moving rotary wing
aircraft, UAV and cruise missile out to 40 km. The Sentinel provides early warning/alerting and cueing data to air defense weapon system gunners in acquiring and engaging hostile aircraft. The Sentinel
is a trailer mounted, all weather, day and night system, equipped with Mode 3 and Mode 4 IFF.
Ground controlled interception (GCI) (JP 1-02) A technique which permits control of friendly aircraft or guided missiles for the purpose of affecting interception.
Ground impact point (GIP) See Tactical ballistic missile (TBM) predicted ground impact point
(PGIP)
Ground level interference filter (GLIF) (FM 3-01.87) Designed to improve radar performance by
blanking the detection location of low level, slow moving clutter tracks, such as ground vehicles. This
blanking results in fewer surveillance validation actions, thereby providing more radar resource time.
Group unique key (GUK) (FM 3-01.87) Two types of cryptographic keys are used by the PLGR.
They are group unique key (GUK) and cryptographic key weekly (CKW). The GUK is normally good
for a year, while the CKW is good for 7 days. The Army is currently issued the GUK codes yearly.
GS
general support
GSM
general support-reinforcing
GSR
Guidance (JP 1-02) 1. Policy, direction, decision, or instruction having the effect of an order when
promulgated by a higher echelon. 2. The entire process by which target intelligence information received by the guided missile is used to effect proper flight control to cause timely direction changes
for effective target interception. See also active homing guidance; celestial guidance; command guidance; homing guidance; inertial guidance; midcourse guidance; passive homing guidance; preset guidance; semiactive guidance; stellar guidance; terminal guidance; terrestrial reference guidance.
Guidance-enhanced missile (GEM) See MIM-104D
Guidance stations equipment (JP 1-02) The ground-based portion of the missile guidance system
necessary to provide guidance during missile flight.
Guided Missile (GM) (JP 1-02) An unmanned vehicle moving above the surface of the Earth whose
trajectory or flight path is capable of being altered by an external or internal mechanism. See also
aerodynamic missile; ballistic missile.
Guided Missile Canister (GMC) (TM 9-1425-600-12) The canister functions as a shipping container
and a launching tube for missile aiming and firing.
Guided Missile Transporter (GMT) (TM 9-1425-600-12) The GMT is a modified M985E1 cargo
truck of the HEMTT series. With the capacity of four GMs, the GMT is used to deliver and load GMs.
The modified M985E1 has an integral crane for transferring GMs from the cargo truck to the launcher.
GUK
Gunship (Janes all the Worlds Aircraft) Generally this is the designation for a helicopter designed
for battlefield attack. Some fixed- wing aircraft are designated gunships, the AC-47, AC-119 and AC
130.
62
H
H/W
hardware
HW/SW
hardware/software
HALE UAV
Handoff (BMDO Glossary) This occurs when information on positions, velocities, and tracks are
given by one sensor or system to another and the first sensor or system continues to track the objects.
Handover (BMDO Glossary) This occurs when information is passed on to another sensor or system
in which the first does not continue to track.
Hang fire (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) An undesired delay in the functioning of a firing system. (Army) An undesired delay in the functioning of the primer or initiator part of a round of
ammunition. See FMs 6-20 series, 7-91, 17-12, and 23-1.
Hard copy unit (HCU) (TM 9-1425-600-12) Provides hardcopy of displayed data.
HARM
HATELM
HATMD
Hawk (JP 1-02) A mobile air defense artillery, surface-to-air missile system that provides non-nuclear,
low- to medium-altitude air defense coverage for ground forces. Designated as MIM-23. (Originally
an acronymHoming All The Way Killer)
HCU
HDNG (Hdg)
HE
hardcopy unit
heading
high explosive; higher echelon
Heading (hdg) (JP 1-02) In air intercept, a code meaning, My, or bogeys, magnetic course is
___.(hdng) (TM 9-1430-600-10-1) 000 to 359 describes track heading in degrees (relative to
NORTH).
HEAP
HEAT
high-explosive antitank
HEAT-T
high-explosive antitank-tracer
HEI
high-explosive incendiary
HEI-T
high-explosive incendiary-tracer
HEL
hel
helicopter
63
HF
high frequency
HFB
HIB
HIDACZ
High (JP 1-02) An altitude between 25,000 feet and 50,000 feet.
High altitude (JP 1-02) Conventionally, an altitude above 10,000 meters (33,000 feet), See also altitude.
High-altitude missile engagement zone (HIMEZ) (JP 1-02) See weapon engagement zone.
High-density airspace control zone (HIDACZ) (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) Airspace designated in an airspace control plan or airspace control order, in which there is a concentrated employment of numerous and varied weapons and airspace users. A high-density airspace control zone has
defined dimensions, which usually coincide with geographical features or navigational aids. Access to
a high-density airspace control zone is normally controlled by the maneuver commander. The maneuver commander can also direct a more restrictive weapons status within the high-density airspace control zone. (See also airspace coordination area (ACA) and restricted operating zone (ROZ).) See FMs
1-111 and 100-103.
High-payoff target (HPT) (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) A target whose loss to the threat will
contribute to the success of the friendly course of action. See FMs 6-20 series and 34-130.
High-speed anti-radar missile (HARM) (Aircraft Armament Recognition) Missile used against
ground-to-air missile radar sites and ships.
High-speed anti-radiation missile (HARM) (Aircraft Armament Recognition) Missile used against
ground-to-air missile radar sites and ships.
High-value target (HVT) (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) Assets that the threat commander requires for the successful completion of a specific action. See FMs 6-20 and 34-130.
HIMAD
HIMARS
HIMEZ
HIPAR
HIPIR
HIPPI
HKV
HMMWV
HN
host nation
64
HOLDF
hold fire
Hold fire (HOLDF) (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) In air defense, an emergency order to stop
firing. Missiles already in flight must be prevented from intercepting, if technically possible. See FM
44-100.
Homing All-the Way Killer (Hawk) (BMDO Glossary) 1. Upgrades to the Hawk interceptor and radar system to provide the Marine Corps with a mobile point theater ballistic missile defense capability.
2. A mobile air defense artillery, surface-to-air missile system that provides non-nuclear, low to medium altitude air defense coverage for ground forces. Designated MIM-23.
Homing guidance (JP 1-02) A system by which a missile steers itself towards a target by means of a
self-contained mechanism which is activated by some distinguishing characteristics of the target. See
also active homing guidance; guidance; passive homing guidance; semi-active homing guidance.
HORG
hostile origin
HORZ
horizon
HOST
hostile
Hostile (host) (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) A contact positively identified as enemy. (Army)
An individual, a group of individuals, or a nation which is antagonistic or opposes policies and actions of the United States and its allies. The actions of a hostile can be political, diplomatic, or at any
level of war. See FM 100-20.
Hostile criteria (FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) Description of conditions under which an aircraft or a
vehicle may be identified as hostile for engagement purposes. (See also hostile acts and rules of engagement (ROE).)
Hostile track (JP 1-02) The classification assigned to a track which, based upon established criteria, is
determined to be an enemy threat.
Host nation support (HNS) (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) Civil and/or military assistance rendered by nation to foreign forces within its territory during peace time, crisis or emergencies, or war
based on agreements mutually concluded between nations. (See also civil military operations (CMO).)
See FMs 100-5, 100-10, and 100-20.
HPA
HPI
HIPIR
HPT
HPTL
Hrzn
horizon
HSDIO
HSS
HTK
hit-to-kill
HTU
HVT
high-value target
hvy
heavy
HW
hardware
HWK
Hawk
Hz
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I
2
ICAC
IAD
IADS
IBS
IC
integrated circuit
ICBM
ICC
ICE
ICOM
ICOMS
ICOT
ICP
ICS
intercommunication system
ICU
ID
IDS
identification size
ident
Identification (ID) (JP 1-02) 1. The process of determining the friendly or hostile character of an unknown detected contact.
Identification, Friend or Foe (IFF) (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) A system using electromagnetic transmissions to which equipment carried by friendly forces automatically responds; for example, by emitting pulses, thereby distinguishing themselves from enemy forces. (Army) A device
which emits a signal positively identifying it as a friendly. (See also air defense.) See FMs 1-111, 44100 (FM 3-01), and 100-103.
IDOCS
IDP
IDR
IDS
identification size
IEA
IETM
IEW
IFFOFF
IFF off
IFFON
IFF on
IFFPID
IFTU
I-Hawk
improved Hawk
IHFR
ILS
IM
intermediate maintenance
Impact Prediction Point (IPP) (BMDO Glossary) Prediction of the point on the earths surface where
a specific RV will impact usually specified in terms of the circular error probable. The estimate includes the perturbing effects of the atmosphere and resultant uncertainties.
Improved high-frequency radio (IHFR) (FM 100-12 (FM 3-01.12)) The AN/GRC-193, AN/GRC213, and AN/PRC-104 AM Improved High Frequency Radios (IHFRs) provides long-range CNR connectivity between operational elements at all echelons of the Army. IHFRs are primarily used as backup communications, in the event the ACUS or organizational unique communications network fails.
IHFRs are capable of transmitting and receiving voice and data and must be externally secured
through the use of the KY-99 MINTERM COMSEC device.
Improved moving target simulator (IMTS) (FM 3-01.11) The Improved Moving Target Simulator
(IMTS), AN/FSQ-187, is a computer-driven indoor training facility. The IMTS projects battlefield
background scenes and moving aircraft targets on a 360, 40-foot diameter hemispherical dome screen
to create a realistic battlefield environment.
Improved TOW vehicle (ITV)
OBSOLETE
IMT
indep
independent
Inertial guidance (JP 1-02) A guidance system designed to project a missile over a predetermined
path, wherein the path of the missile is adjusted after launching by devices wholly within the missile
and independent of outside information. The system measures and converts accelerations experienced
to distance traveled in a certain direction. See also guidance.
Inertial navigation system (INS) (JP 1-02) A self-contained navigation system using inertial detectors, which automatically provides vehicle position, heading, and velocity.
In-flight phase (JP 1-02) The flight of a missile or space vehicle from launch to detonation or impact.
In-Flight Target Update (IFTU) (BMDO Glossary) A report to in-flight weapons. The IFTU provides updated, predict-ahead target position, time, and velocity for use within the interceptors control
suite to make mid-course corrections to intercept the target.
Info
information
Information and coordination central (ICC) (TM 9-1424-600-12) An element of the battalion FDC
which commands and controls the battalion firing units and coordinates their activities with those of
adjacent battalions and higher echelons.
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initialize
Initial point (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) 1. The first point at which a moving target is located
on a plotting board.
Institutional conduct of fire trainer (ICOFT) (FM 3-01.11)
The BSFV Institutional Conduct of Fire Trainer (ICOFT) is used strictly in the institutional training
environment. The system has four crew stations controlled by a single computer system, and allows
training of BSFV gunners and commanders. The ICOFT provides computer-generated scenarios of
realistic battlefield video, with sound for simulated target engagements using the BSFV capabilities. The computer also provides communication with the gunner during scenarios.
The Avenger Institutional Conduct of Fire Trainer (ICOFT) is a computer-based device that generates digitized battlefield scenarios on video display terminals for the Avenger weapons system. The
ICOFT provides full training of all target engagement tasks. Each ICOFT consists of one instructor
station and six student stations. The ICOFT is primarily used to train IET enlisted students in their
combat mission of target engagement; however, RC and OBC personnel are also trained using the
ICOFT.
The FAADS C3I Institutional Conduct of Operations Trainer (ICOT) is a scheduled future
computer-based training device. It will simulate all software operations of the C3I nodes (A2C2
BTOC, battery CP, Sensor C2 nodes) such as air tracks, symbology, range and bearing data,
weapon control orders, statuss, ADW, fault simulation, BIT operations and continuous operations.
Each ICOT will consist of six student stations and one instructor station. The ICOT will be used for
realistic training for all C3I operators and ADA officers. This device will train initial entry and transition personnel at the institution.
The purpose of the ICOFT is to train THAAD personnel in the operation of system integration,
hardware and software. The ICOFT will consist of three nodes, BMC3I, Radar, and Launcher. The
ICOFT Control Console will control the nodes. This training device will provide realistic institutional training for BM/C4I, Radar, and Launcher operators/crewman, and commanders and staff.
The device will simulate system hardware interfaces and provides institutional training of operational functions. It will be used to train operator/maintainers on the hardware and software of the
three systems segments independently, simultaneously, or collectively as an integrated system.
Each of the three nodes will run tactical software (embedded training, Interactive Electronic Technical Manuals (IETM), and help aids) and replicate tactical system operations. The ICOFT nodes
can be configured in all THAAD system configurations so skills learned on the ICOFT will be directly transferable to the actual system. The ICOFT also includes Part Task Trainers (PTT) to teach
initial switch settings and operator/maintainer removal and replacement functions.
Institutional maintenance trainer (IMT) (FM 3-01.11)
The Sentinel Institutional Maintenance Trainer (SIMT) is a 3D trainer used for maintenance
training. It is an institutional trainer consisting of an instructor console and four student stations.
The instructor console will be able to initialize, control and monitor any combination of training
stations. The SIMT is capable of training at least 100 different maintenance tasks.
The THAAD IMT will provide performance oriented maintenance/repair training. This device is
designed to train critical tasks associated with diagnosis and fault isolation of the THAAD weapon
system. This feature is required in order to assess the repairers performance. The IMT must replicate the tactical system in 3-D fidelity to train all critical tasks selected by the proponent school for
69
interrogated
Integrated Combat Airspace Command and Control (ICAC2) (FM 101-5-1) A system capable of
linking and coordinating the airspace use and restrictions of all Services and a host nation, which may
include aircraft, air defense, rocket artillery, unmanned aerial vehicles, and other trajectory weapon
systems, in order to maximize the accommodation of mission requirements. (See also Army airspace
command and control (A2C2).) See FM 100-103-1.
Integrated defense (AR 310-25) Air defense in which two or more vital areas are defended with a
single overall defense.
Integrated logistics support (ILS) (BMDO Glossary) 1. A disciplined, unified, and iterative approach to the management and technical activities necessary to integrate support considerations into
system and equipment design; develop support requirements that are related consistently to readiness
objectives, to design, and to each other; acquire the required support; and provide the required support
during the operational phase at minimum cost. 2. A composite of all the support considerations necessary to assure the effective and economical support of a system for its life cycle. It is an integral part of
all other aspects of system acquisition and operation.
Integration (JP 1-02) See employment principles.
Intelligence preparation of the battlefield (IPB) (FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) A systematic approach to analyzing the enemy, weather, and terrain in a specific geographic area. It integrates enemy
doctrine with weather and terrain as they relate to the mission and the specific battlefield environment.
This is done to determine and evaluate enemy capabilities, vulnerabilities, and probable courses of action. See FMs 34-130 and 101-5.
Intelligence Preparation of the Battlespace (IPB) (JP 1-02) An analytical methodology employed to
reduce uncertainties concerning the enemy, environment, all terrain for all types of operations. Intelligence preparation of the battlespace builds an extensive database for each potential area in which a
unit may be required to operate. The database is then analyzed in detail to determine the impact of the
enemy, environment, and terrain on operations and presents it in graphic form. Intelligence preparation
of the batlespace is a continuing process.
Interactive Electronic Technical Manual (IETM) (AR 350-70) A technical manual delivered electronically. IETM possesses the following characteristics: it can be presented either on a desktop or a
portable device; the elements of data constituting the IETM are so interrelated that a users access to
the information is achievable by a variety of paths; and it provides procedural guidance, navigational
directions, and other technical information required by the user.
Interceptor Track Range (Max) (BMDO Glossary) The maximum range at which a sensor can perform the interceptor track function on a single interceptor in a normal (non0man-made) environment.
Intercept point (IP) (JP 1-02) The point to which an airborne vehicle is vectored or guided to complete an interception.
Intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) (JP 1-02) A ballistic missile with a range capability from
about 3,000 to 8,000 nautical miles.
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input/output
IOCT
IOCU
IOS
IOT
IP
IPAR
IPB
IPOUT
IPP
IR
IRBM
IRCM
infrared counter-measures
IRR
ISA
ISC
ISDN
ISLB
ISO
ISR
ISU
ITPT
ITV
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J
JAAT
JADO
Jammer (BMDO Glossary) Radio transmitters accompanying attacking RVs and tuned to broadcast at
the same frequency as a defensive radar. The broadcasts add noise to the signals reflected from the
RVs and received by the radar. Susceptibility to jamming generally decreases with increasing radar
frequency, with decreasing altitude, and with increasing radar power.
Jamming (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) The deliberate radiation, reradiation, or reflection of
electromagnetic energy to prevent or degrade the receipt of information by a receiver. It includes
communications and non-communications jamming. (See also barrage jamming, command and control
warfare (C2W), electromagnetic interference (EMI), electronic attack (EA), electronic warfare (EW),
imitative electronic deception (IED), intrusion, and meaconing.) See FMs 34-1, 34-40, and 100-6.
JAO
JAOC
JDN
JEZ
JFACC
JFC
JFLCC
JFMCC
JFSOCC
JINTACCS
JIPTL
JOA
Joint Engagement Zone (JEZ) (JP 1-02) See weapon engagement zone.
Joint Force Air Component Commander (JFACC) (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) The joint
force air component commander derives authority from the joint force commander who has the authority to exercise operational control, assign missions, direct coordination among subordinate commanders, redirect and organize forces to ensure unity of effort in the accomplishment of the overall mission.
The joint force commander will normally designate a joint force air component commander. The joint
force air component commanders responsibilities will be assigned by the joint force commanders responsibilities will be assigned by the joint force commander (normally these would include, but not be
limited to, planning, coordination, allocation, and tasking based on the joint force commanders apportionment decision). Using the joint force commanders guidance and authority, and in coordination
with other Service component commanders and other assigned or supporting commanders, the joint
force air component commander will recommend to the joint force commander apportionment of air
73
The JICO cell supports continuous operations. Each service normally contributes personnel or expertise to the JICO cell to plan and execute joint operations. The AAMDC normally would provide the
ARFOR or JFLCC expertise to the JICO cell to ensure integration of ARFOR air and missile defense
operations with joint or multinational operations.
Joint land attack cruise missile defense (LACMD) elevated netted sensors system (JLENS) (Weapons Systems 1999) Provides over-the-horizon wide-area surveillance and precision-tracking (Fire
Control Quality) data; support the primary mission area of LACMD, using the Air-Directed Surfaceto-Air Missile (ADSAM) concept; support secondary mission areas of attack operations and battlefield
communications. It expands the battlespace for current Air Defense systems (Patriot, Navy Standard
Missile, AMRAAM, Medium Extended Air Defense System, and Forward Area Air Defense System)
74
JOTS
JRA
J-SEAD
JSOA
JSTARS
JTADS
JTAGS
JTAMDO
JTF
JTIDS
JTMD
JTMDO
JTT
JZ
joint zone
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K
K7
KAA-63
KA
kill assessment
KB
kilobyte
Kbps
KE
kinetic energy
Kft
kilo feet
kHz
kilohertz
Kill (AR 310-25) As applied to air defense, the term used to denote that a hostile airborne, ballistic
and/or object has been destroyed or rendered non-effective. The word kill is further defined as Carrier- Immediate structural breakup of the target aircraft.
Weapon- The destruction or damage of a nuclear weapon so as to preclude detonation or considerably degrade the yield.
Track- Destruction of all target aircraft within a given flight (track).
Kill Assessment (KA) (BMDO Glossary) An evaluation of information to determine the result of a
ballistic missile/RV intercept for the purpose of providing information for defense effectiveness and
re-engagements. (USSPACECOM)
Kill probability (JP 1-02) A measure of the probability of destroying a target.
Kinetic Energy (KE) (BMDO Glossary) The energy from the momentum of an object, i.e., an object
in motion.
Kinetic Energy Weapon (KEW) (BMDO Glossary) A weapon that uses kinetic energy, or energy of
motion to kill an object. Examples of weapons, which use kinetic energy, are a rock, a bullet, a nonexplosively armed rocket, and an electromagnetic rail gun.
km
kilometer
kmps
Knot (Websters II) b. A unit of speed, one nautical mile per hour, approx. 1,15 statute miles per hour.
KPP
KRP
kts
knots
kV
kill vehicle
kW
kinetic warhead
KW
kilowatt
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L
Link 16
See TADIL-J
LAAD
LACM
LADA
LADL
LADW
LAGM
LAM
LAN
LAO
LAR
Large Repair Parts Transporter (LRPT) (FM 3-01.11) Provides a means to transport and store
large, heavy repair parts. It consists of a HEMTT M977 cargo truck with a heavy-duty materielhandling crane.
Laser-guided weapon (LGW) (JP 1-02) A weapon which uses a seeker to detect laser energy reflected from a laser-marked/designated target, and through signal processing provides guidance commands to a control system which guides the weapon to the point from which the laser energy is being
reflected. See also laser.
Laser range finder (LRF) (JP 1-02) A device which uses laser energy for determining the distance
from the device to a place or object.
Laser Target Designating System (JP 1-02) A system which is used to direct (aim or point) laser energy at a target. The system consists of the laser designator or laser target marker with its display and
control components necessary to acquire the target and direct the beam of laser energy thereon.
LASHE
LAT
lat-lon
latitude-longitude
Launch (JP 1-02) The transition from static repose to dynamic flight of a missile.
Launch Azimuth (BMDO Glossary) Missile launch location measured in degrees clockwise from the
local north-pointing longitude line at the launch site. (USSPACECOM)
Launch Control Station (LCS) (FM 44-94 (FM 3-01.94)) The THAAD LCS includes an M1113
Heavy HMMWV, a trailer mounted PU-801 generator, and a modified S-788 shelter equipped with an
EPU. Consistent with its primary function as a multi-purpose communication element, the LCS includes the communications processing subsystem, fiber optic cable interfaces, and an extensive communications suite for internal and external tactical communications. The communications suite in78
LBE
load-bearing equipment
LC/LD
LCA
LCD
LCE
Lchr
launcher
79
Lcl
local
LCO
LCR
LCS
LCU
LD
line of departure
LE
LEA
Leakage (BMDO Glossary) The allowable threat objects passing through a BMD system expressed as
a percentage of the threat. To ensure overall system performance, permitted leakage is budgeted
among individual BMD phases and functions.
Leakage (Max) (BMDO Glossary) The maximum allowable threat objects passing through a BMD
system expressed as a percentage of the design-to threat. To ensure overall system performance, permitted leakage is budgeted among individual BMD phases and functions.
Leaker(s) (FM 90-38 (FM 3-97.18)) Airborne threat has passed through a defensive layer. Call could
include amplifying information.
LED
LEM
LEW
LFX
live-fire exercise
LGD
LGM
Liaison team (FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) A team of officers and/or enlisted personnel dispatched from
one element of a military force to another to maintain close and continuous communication, thus ensuring mutual understanding and unity of purpose and action between elements. Liaison teams ensure
that senior commanders remain aware of the tactical situation by providing them with exceptional,
critical and routine information, verifying the information, and clarifying operational questions. Also
called coordination team.
LICC
LID
Linebacker (Weapon Systems 1999) The Bradley Linebacker provides the air defender with shoot-onthe-move engagement capabilities against aerial threats over the full spectrum of terrain and maneuver
force operating speeds. The Bradley Linebacker system can engage low-altitude, high-speed fixedwing and rotary-wing aerial platforms, unmanned aerial vehicles and cruise missiles. The standard vehicle mounted launcher (SVML) for Stinger missiles replaces the TOW launcher found on the BSFV.
80
Live fire exercise (LFX) (AR 350-70) Exercise that is resource-intensive; player units maneuver and
employ organic and supporting weapons systems using full-service ammunition. LFXs integrate all
combat arms, CS, and CSS elements. The extensive range and resource requirements usually limit
them to platoon and company team levels. Consequently, their principal focus is unit and weapons integration at company team level. LFXs provide realistic training on collective and soldier skills. (FM
25-101) See "Exercise."
LLTR
LMM
LMR
LMRD
launcher/missile-round distributor
LNIP
LNO
liaison officer
LNR
LO
LOAD
LOC
Local Air Defense Warning (LADW) (FM 44-100 (FM 3-01)) Local air defense warnings (LADW)
allow the local commander to alert his force to air and/or missile attack without changing the ADW.
LADW are designed to alert a particular unit, several units, or an area of the battlefield. LADW parallel ADW and reflect the local air and missile threat. Response to the LADW is METT-TC dependent.
The three LADW are as follows:
Lookout. Attack possible based on location and flight profile of a detected air platform. Enemy
aircraft and/or missiles are within 100 km of the boundaries of a unit AO or ballistic missile launch
is detected.
Snowman. Attack is not likely. Enemy aircraft and/or missiles are more than 100 km from the
boundaries of a unit AO and no tactical ballistic missile launch are detected.
81
Log
logistics
LOGEX
logistical exercise
LOGPAC
logistics package
LOMAD
LOMEZ
Long
longitude
LOPAR
LORAD
LOS
line of sight
LOS-F-H
line of sight-forward-heavy
LOS-R
line of sight-rear
Lost Lock (FM 90-38 (FM 3-97.18)) Loss of radar/IR lock-on (advisory).
Low (JP 1-02) A height between five hundred and two thousand feet.
(FM 90-38 (FM 3-97.18)) Target altitude below 10,000 ft AGL.
Low-altitude missile engagement zone (LOMEZ) (JP 1-02) See weapon engagement zone.
Low-altitude simultaneous Hawk engagement (LASHE) (FM 3-01.87) The Patriot ICC interfaces
with Phase III Hawk and accommodates the Hawk low-altitude simultaneous Hawk engagements
(LASHE) capability. With the LASHE capability, Hawk can conduct close-in multiple simultaneous
engagements. The engagement monitor logic at the ICC accounts for Hawk multiple engagements capability. When Hawk enters the LASHE mode, that status is reported to the ICC and displayed by section in the Hawk engagement summary tab.
Low-level transit route (LLTR) (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) A temporary corridor of defined
dimensions established in the forward area to minimize the risk to friendly aircraft from friendly air
defenses or surface forces. (See also minimum-risk route (MRR), air corridor, and flight corridor.) See
FM 100-103.
LPI
LR
long range
LRA
LRC
LRF
LRM
LRP
LRPT
82
long-range search
LRTBM
LRU
LS
LSA
LSCB
LSCBO
LSDIS
LSDU
LSMU
LSTS
LTA
LTBM
lower TBM
LTR
long-term re-initialization
LTS
LZ
landing zone
83
M
MO&E
M1 (FM 3-01.87) Gunners quadrant which is used to manually emplace radars and/or launchers.
M2 (FM 3-01.87) Aiming circle which is used to manually emplace radar and or launcher.
MA
missile acquisition
MAC
Mach (Websters II) Speed of sound, one mach equals 1,116 feet per second at sea level (table of
measurement).
MACOM
MADS
maint.
Maintainer (BMDO Glossary) An individual responsible for retaining the major defense system in or
restoring it to a specified condition. Maintenance activities include inspection, testing, servicing, and
classification as to serviceability, repair, rebuilding, and reclamation.
Maintenance Control System (MCS) (TM 9-1425-600-12) The MCS executes in the Patriot Weapon
Control Computer (WCC); it controls and sequences the display aided maintenance functions, performs radar initialization, and performs the execution of diagnostic software, adjustment procedures
support software, and tactical program downloading to the RSU. The MCS also executes automated
software, multiple configuration software, IM software tools, and utility software.
Maintenance Operations (BMDO Glossary) The corrective and preventive maintenance operations
that do not require a deployment decision; it includes correction and subsequent validation testing and
the update of relevant status configuration, maintenance, and inventory databases.
MAIT
MANPADS
Man-portable (JP 1-02) Capable of being carried by one man. Specifically, the term may be used to
qualify: 1. Items designed to be carried as an integral part of individual, crew-served, or team equipment of the dismounted soldier in conjunction with his assigned duties. Upper weight limit: approximately 14 kilograms (31 pounds). 2. In land warfare, equipment which can be carried by one man over
a long distance without serious degradation of the performance of his normal duties.
Man-portable air defense system (MANPADS) (FM 3-01.11) The Stinger MANPADS team carries
a manportable, shoulder-fired, infrared or IR/NUV seeking missile that requires no control from the
gunner after firing. It has an identification, friend or foe (IFF) interrogator that aids the gunner and
team chief in identifying targets. The team consists of a gunner and team chief.
Manual FAAD control system (MFCS) (USAADASCH) OBSOLETE. This term is no longer doctrinally valid.
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MAPEX
map exercise
Maritime operation (JP 1-02) Actions performed by forces, or civilians over, under, or on the seas.
MASPAR
Mass storage unit (MSU) (TM 9-1425-600-12) Performs memory storage function for WCC.
Master information coordination central (MICC) (FM 3-01.11) The Patriot Information and Coordination Central has the capability to function as a master ICC (MICC) fire distribution element. Major features of a MICC include:
Increased external and internal interfaces
Brigade wide track management
Automatic fire distribution and battalion engagement assignment
A master ICC can work together with external elements. These may be as follows:
subordinate or lateral battalions (SICC, MICC)
higher echelons (CRC, TAOC, AWACS)
up to 12 Fire Units (ECS)
85
max
maximum
megabyte
MBA
Mbps
MBRV
MBT
MBU
MCA
MCC
MCD
MCOO
MCP
MCPE
MCR
MCS
MCT
MCU
MD
missile defense
MDMP
Meaconing (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) A system of receiving radio beacon signals and rebroadcasting them on the same frequency to confuse navigation. The meaconing stations cause inaccurate bearings to be obtained by aircraft or ground stations.
Meaconing, intrusion, jamming, and interference (MIJI) report (FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) A report to record and report interference experienced with communications which was not determined to
be caused by locally generated spurious signals or technical difficulties. This report is prepared based
on an interference report forwarded from the unit or element that initially experienced the interference.
The unit-level interference report is transmitted by the fastest and most secure means available. See
FM 34-40.
MEADS
Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF) (BMDO Glossary) A measure of the reliability of an end item.
Defined as the total functioning life of an item divided by the total number of failures within the population during the measurement interval. The definition holds for time, rounds, miles, events, or other
measures of unit life. MTBF is a basic measure of reliability.
86
Mechanized
Medium (JP 1-02) As used in air intercept a height between 2,000 and 25,000 feet.
(FM 90-38 (FM 3-97.18)) Target altitude between 10,000 ft AGL and 25,000 ft AGL.
Medium Extended Air Defense System (MEADS) (BMDO Glossary) A lightweight, highly transportable, low-to-medium altitude air defense and theater missile defense system designed to protect
critical fixed and maneuver corps assets. MEADS supersedes the Corps SAM program in 1995.
Medium-Range Ballistic Missile (MRBM) (JP 1-02) A ballistic missile with a range capability from
about 600 to 1,500 nautical miles.
MEI
MEL
MEP
METT-T
METT-TC
MEZ
MFCS
Mg
machine gun
MGM-31A
See Pershing.
MGRS
MHz
megahertz
MI
military intelligence
mi.
MICC
MICOM
U.S. Army Missile Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL; [Army] Missile Command (preOct 96) (See AMCOM).
Midcourse guidance (JP 1-02) The guidance applied to a missile between termination of the boost
phase and the start of the terminal phase of flight. See also guidance.
Midcourse phase (JP 1-02) That portion of the trajectory of a ballistic missile between the boost
phase and the reentry phase. See also ballistic trajectory; boost phase; reentry phase; terminal phase.
MIDS
MIJI
MILES
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MIM-23
See Hawk.
MIM-104A (FM 3-01.87) Patriot missile Standard; was the first missile type fielded with Patriot
and contained an analog fuse. This fuse was replaced by a digital version of the fuse with the fielding
of the MIM-104A. Both of these missiles provide excellent performance against ABTs and adequate
performance against certain TBMs. The warhead fragment size limits performances against TBMs to a
mission kill.
MIM-104B (FM 3-01.87) Patriot missile standoff jammer counter SOJC; To counter the long-range
ECM threat, use the MIM-104B or SOJC missile. The guidance and navigation hardware was modified to allow the SOJC missile to fly a lofted trajectory to the jamming source and seek out the strongest emitter during terminal phase. To achieve the lofted trajectory needed to maintain missile maneuverability at long range, missile acquisition is delayed for the SOJC mission. The SOJC can fly five
times longer than the standard missile without the uplink/downlink between the radar and missile. The
SOJC missile retains thee same performance against ABTs and TBMs as the standard missile.
MIM-104C (FM 3-01.87) Patriot antitactical missile capability 2 (ATM); The ATM MIM-104C is
used to counter the advanced TBM threat. A new warhead and a dual-mode fuse were added to the
missile. The new warhead contains a more powerful explosive and larger fragments designed to place
sufficient kinetic energy on the warhead section of enemy TBMs to achieve a warhead kill. The dualmode fuse allows the ATM missile to retain ABT performance and optimize TBM fusing. The system
software based on the mission selected for the missile sets the fuse mode.
MIM-104D (GEM) (FM 3-01.87) Patriot guidance enhanced missile (ATM-1); Patriot GEM missiles
provide improved capability against TBMs and advanced ABTs. The GEM improves system effectiveness and lethality against high speed TBMs and incorporates a footprint with increased probability
of kill (Pk). The GEM also has increased lethality against advanced low radar cross section ABTs. The
modifications to the PAC-2 missile included an improved sensitivity of the C-band track-via-missiles
(TVM) seeker, improved S-band fuse reaction time, and higher TVM data rate.
min
minimum; minute
Minimum-risk route (MRR) (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) A temporary corridor of defined
dimensions recommended for use by high-speed, fixed-wing aircraft that presents the minimum known
hazards to low-flying aircraft transiting the combat zone. (Army) The MRR must be approved by
the airspace control authority and avoids artillery, air defense weapons, landing zones, pick-up zones,
forward arming and refueling points, and Army airfields. See FM 100-103.
MIR
Misfire (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) 1. Failure to fire or explode properly. 2. Failure of a
primer or the propelling charge of a round or projectile to function wholly or in part. See FMs 6-series,
7-90, 7-91, 17-12, and 23-1.
88
89
mm
millimeter
MMC
MMU
MO
90
mobilization
MOC
Mod/mod
modification
Modem
modulation/demodulation
Modes of control (FM 44-100 (FM 3-01)) Two modes of control are centralized and decentralized.
The mode of control selected will depend upon the capabilities of the C4I system, the weapon systems
being employed, and both the friendly and enemy air situations. The AADC's air defense plan will
specify the modes of control, trigger events when they should be changed, and who has the authority
to change them.
Centralized Control Mode. This mode is when a higher echelon authorizes target engagements to
fire units. Permission to engage each track must be requested by the fire unit from that higher AD
echelon. Centralized control is used to minimize the likelihood of engaging friendly aircraft while
permitting engagements of hostile aircraft and missiles only when specific orders are issued to initiate the engagement. Normally, centralized control is used for HIMAD aircraft engagements.
Decentralized Control. This mode is the normal wartime mode of control for air and missile defense. A higher echelon monitors unit actions, making direct target assignments on a management
by exception basis to units only when necessary to ensure proper fire distribution, to prevent engagement of friendly air platforms, and to prevent simultaneous engagements of hostile air targets.
Decentralized control is used to increase the likelihood that a hostile aircraft or missile will be engaged as soon as it comes within range of an ADA weapon system. Normally, SHORAD engagements are decentralized. Normally, HIMAD theater missile engagements are decentralized.
Simultaneous (Use of Both Modes). Control of engagement operations during the air battle may
be centralized at a higher headquarters FDC or decentralized to a subordinate FDC. Centralized
control and decentralized control can be executed simultaneously. For instance, in a situation where
battle management has been decentralized to the ADA brigade FDC, the ADA brigade commander
exercises centralized control of subordinate units. At the same time, however, higher control echelons are continuously monitoring the actions of the brigade. These higher echelons are exercising
decentralized control while the brigade commander exercises centralized control. Thus, centralized
control and decentralized control are conducted simultaneously.
MOET
MOF
method of fire
MOOTW
(OBSOLETE) military operations other than war (obsolete as of 3/96 per GEN Hartzog)
MOPP
mort
mortar
MOUT
91
MPN
mps
MQM 107 Streaker Training Target (DA Pam 350-38) The Streaker is a reusable turbojet-powered
fixed-wing target. It may be configured to provide training for all ADA weapon systems through the
use of mission tailored ancillary equipment and augmentation and radar reflectors. The Streaker system is government owned and contractor operated and may be set up at most ranges where ADA
weapons are fired.
MR
missile round
MRBM
MRCTS
MRL
MRP
MRR
MRS
MRT
ms
MSB
MSCS
MSD
MSE
msl
missile
M.S.L.
MSR
MSRT
MSU
MSV
MT
MTA
92
MTI
MTM
MTO
MTOE
MTP
MTR
MTS
missile test station; moving target simulator, missile tracking sensor; missile test set
MTTP
MTTR
MUA
Mult
multiplexer
Multiple-Integrated Laser Engagement System (MILES) (DA Pam 350-38) Multiple integrated
laser engagement system/air-to-ground engagement system/Air Defense (MILES/AGES/AD). The
MILES/AGES/AD is available through local Training Support Centers (TSC). This training device
provides a realistic training environment with real time hit/kill feedback for Avenger, Stinger and
BSFV weapon systems. The system duplicates all engagement tasks through the use of laser firings.
MILES is an approved eye-safe training device.
MUX
multiplex
MWC
MWO
93
N
NAI
Named area of interest (NAI) (JP 1-02) The geographical area where information that will satisfy a
specific information requirement can be collected. Named areas of interest are usually selected to capture indications of adversary courses of action, but also may be related to conditions of the battlespace.
See also area of interest.
National Missile Defense (NMD) (BMDO Glossary) A ground-based anti-ballistic missile system
designed to protect U.S. against limited ballistic missile threats. It consists of four elements: groundbased interceptors (GBI); a ground-based radar (GBR); a battle management command, control, and
communications (BM/C3) system; and a constellation of Space and Missile Tracking System (SMTS)
(a.k.a. Brilliant Eyes) satellites.
National Simulation Center (NSC) (AR 350-50-3) The NSC is a secure three story structure located
on Fort Leavenworth, KS, whose mission is to support training exercises worldwide, operate the NSC
simulation facility, and provide support to other simulation related activities. Their primary mission is
to support BCTP rotations in a direct support (DS) role. They also provide the space and equipment to
support the WCOPFOR participation in all BCTP rotations. The NSC has the capability to remote up
to 120 workstations and 50 microvax computer systems.
National Test Center (NTC) (BMDO Glossary) The National Test Center, located at Ft. Irwin, CA. A
large maneuver area that serves as the Armys primary testing center for Army maneuver forces.
Friendly forces are pitted against enemy forces to validate proposed procedures and doctrine.
National Training Center (NTC) (AR 350-70) The Fort Irwin training center that provides a heavy
combat battalion task force 2 weeks of intensive combat training on a rotational basis.
NATO
Nautical mile (JP 1-02) A measure of distance equal to one minute of arc on the Earths surface. The
United States has adopted the international nautical mile equal to 1,852 meters or 6,076.11549 feet.
NAVES
NCA
NCS
NCS-E
NDP
Near real time (JP 1-02) Pertaining to the timeliness of data or information which has been delayed
by the time required for electronic communication and automatic data processing. This implies that
there are no significant delays. (See also real time)
neg.
negative
Negation (BMDO Glossary) RV destruction or other actions which prevent damage to the defended
area from conventional, nuclear, chemical, or biological effects.
NEO
94
NFS
NIFF
negative IFF
NIIN
NK
no kill
NLOS
non-line-of-sight
NM
NMC
non-mission-capable
NMD
Node (BMDO Glossary) A set of equipment and processes which performs the communications functions at the end of the datalinks which interconnect those elements which are resident on the network.
NORAD
North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) (BMDO Glossary) A bi-national command of Canadian and U.S. forces responsible for defense of North America from bomber and
ALCM/SLCM attack. Located in Colorado Springs, CO.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) (FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) An organization of nations
in North America and Western Europe that have common political goals.
North Finding System (NFS) (FM 3-01.87) The NFS part of the automatic emplacement provides the
azimuth, roll, and crossroll information for the radar and each launcher of the Patriot system. The NFS
is also referred to as the bearing-distance-heading indicator (BDHI). It is a gyrocompass-based system,
which senses the platform attitude with respect to the Earth' true north reference.
NPG
NREF
north reference
NRT
NSC
NSIF
negative SIF
NSL
non-stocked logistics
NSN
NTC
National Training Center (USA, Ft. Leavenworth, KS); National Test Center
NTL
non-tactical link
NTR
non-tactical tape
NUDET
nuclear detonation
NVD
NVG
96
O
O&I
o/c
ODS 1 / 2
ob
obsolete
OBHOJ
obj
objective/object
Object Rate (Max) (BMDO Glossary) The maximum rates (per second) that a sensor can acquire
RVs, decoys, AOs, or fractionated missile/PBV debris.
Object in FOV (Max) (BMDO Glossary) The maximum number of RVs, decoys, Aos, or fractionated
missile/PBV debris that a sensor can acquire at one time.
Obscurant (FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) A gas, liquid, solid particle, or combination of these, either
man-made (such as smoke) or natural (such as dust), suspended in the atmosphere, that may attenuate
or block any portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. This can effect such things as visual observation, laser rangefinders or designators, radars, and thermal sites.
Observer Controller (OC) (AR 350-50-3) An individual tasked to observe training and provide administrative control and constructive feedback to participants during a training exercise. BCTP OCs do
not evaluate the units during BCTP rotations. They provide doctrinal expertise by the Battlefield Operating Systems. They give constructive feedback to the unit commander(s) and staff. The OCs provide input for the formal AAR during the exercise portion of the rotation, conduct informal AARs, and
serve as a data source for improvements of U.S. Joint doctrine, Army doctrine, training, leader development, organizations, material, and soldiers (DTLOMS). All BCTP OCs must complete a comprehensive certification program before performing duties as an Observer Controller. OPSGRPs A and B
have observer-controllers while OPSGRP C and D have observer-trainers.
Observer Trainer (OT) (AR 350-50-3) An individual tasked to observe and train commanders and
their staffs operating in a environment as either the Army component or as the nucleus for a JTF HQ.
They do not control the exercise, hence the focus on trainer, not controller. OPSGRP C and D call
their soldiers observer-trainers.
OBSV
observation
OCA
OCADA
OCOKA
observation and fields of fire, cover and concealment, obstacles, key terrain, and avenues
of approach
OCU
OD
ODD
Offensive counterair (OCA) (JP 1-02) Offensive operations to destroy, disrupt, or neutralize enemy
aircraft, missiles, launch platforms and supporting structures and systems both before and after launch,
but as close to their source as possible. Offensive counterair operations range throughput enemy territory and are generally conducted at the initiative of friendly forces. These operations include attack
operations, fighter sweeps, escort, and suppression of enemy air defenses. See also counterair; defensive counterair, operation.
OMSV
OOTW
OBSOLETE. Operations other than war (obsolete as of 3/96 per GEN Hartzog) (Replace with stability and support operations.)
OP
observation post
op
OPCOM
operational command
OPCON
operational control
OPDAT
operational data
oper.
Operating tempo (OPTEMPO) (AR 350-70) The annual operating miles/hours for systems in a particular unit required to execute the commander's training strategy. It is stated in terms of the
miles/hours for the major system in a unit; however, all equipment generating significant operating
and support cost has an established operating tempo.
Operational control (OPCON) (JP 1-02) Transferable command authority that may be exercised by
commanders at any echelon at or below the level of combatant command. Operational control is inherent in combatant command (command authority). Operational control may be delegated and is the authority to perform those functions of command over subordinate forces involving organizing and employing commands and forces, assigning tasks, designating objectives, and giving authoritative direction necessary to accomplish the mission. Operational control includes authoritative direction over all
aspects of military operations and joint training necessary to accomplish missions assigned to the
command. Operational control should be exercised through the commanders of subordinate organizations. Normally this authority is exercised through subordinate joint force commanders and Service
and/or functional component commanders. Operational control normally provides full authority to organize commands and forces and to employ those forces as the commander in operational control considers necessary to accomplish assigned missions. Operational control does not, in itself, include authoritative direction for logistics or matters of administration, discipline, internal organization, or unit
training.
Operational missile
Operational readiness float (ORF) (FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) A quantity of selected class II and VII
items authorized for use by direct support maintenance units in exchange with supported units if a like
item cannot be repaired in a timely manner. See FM 63-2-1.
Operational missile launcher (AR 310-25) A launcher which has been accepted by the using service
and has been issued to units for tactical and/or strategic use.
Operationally ready missile (AR 310-25) An operational missile on a serviceable launcher to serviceable firing control equipment.
OPFOR
98
opposing forces
operation plan
opns
operations
OPORD
operation order
Ops
operations (employment)
OPS
operations
OPSEC
operations security
OPTEMPO
operating tempo
ORE
ORF
org
OSI
OSLB
OSTM
OSTS
OT
observer trainer
OTH
over-the-horizon
OTH-B
OTH-T
over-the-horizon targeting
OTM
OTS
off-the-shelf
OTT
99
P
P (code)
precise code
P&A
PABT
PAC
PAC-2
PAC-2/3
PAC-3
PAC-4
PADIL
PADS
PAFU
Palletized Loading System (PLS) (JP 1-02) A truck with hydraulic load handling mechanism, trailer
and flatrack system capable of self-loading and unloading. Truck and companion trailer has a 16.5-ton
payload capacity.
PALS
PAR
Parallel Processing (BMDO Glossary) In parallel processing multiple processors (CPUs) divide up a
large task into smaller ones and each CPU acts on the subdivided task simultaneously so that much
higher effective processing speeds can be attained.
PAS
Passive air defense (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) All measures, other than active defense, taken
to minimize the effectiveness of hostile air action. These measures include deception, dispersion, and
the use of protective construction. (See also active air defense and air defense.) See FMs 44-63 and
44-100.
Passive defense (FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) (Army) Applies to measures initiated to reduce vulnerability and to minimize damage caused by theater missiles TM attacks. Passive defense includes TM
counter-proliferation and deterrence; TM early warning and nuclear, biological, and chemical protection; counter-surveillance; deception; camouflage and concealment; hardening; electronic warfare;
mobility; dispersal; redundancy; recovery, and reconstitution.
Passive defense measures (FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) Measures taken to reduce the possibility or effects of nuclear, biological, and chemical attack. See FM 3-3.
Passive ballistic missile defense (AR 310-25) All defensive measures, other than active defense,
taken to minimize the effects of hostile attack by ballistic missiles. These include the use of cover,
concealment, camouflage, dispersion, and protective construction.
100
101
pre-classification filter
PCM
PCOFT
PCP
PCTOJ
PCU
PD
priority designator
PDB
PDDE
PDNL
PDP
PDS
PDU
PE
PENAIDS
penetration aids
PENG
pending engagement
PEO (AMD)
PEP
Pershing (JP 1-02) A mobile surface-to-surface inertially guided missile of a solid propellant type. It
possesses a nuclear warhead capability and is designed to support the ground forces with the attack of
long-range ground targets. Designated as MGM-31A.
PFA
PFE
104
PGIP
PGIP/T
Picture Element (PIXEL) (BMDO Glossary) The smallest element of a display space that can be independently assigned color and intensity; the finest detail that can effectively reproduced on a recording medium.
PID
positive identification
PIDON
passive identification on
PIMIT
PIP
PIR
Pitch (Websters II) 3. To revolve about a lateral axis so that the nose lifts or descends in relation to
the tail. Used of an airplane.
PIXEL
picture element
Pk
probability of kill
PL
PLGR
PLL
PLS
PM
PMCS
PMS
pedestal-mounted Stinger
PN
part number
PNTR
pointer
Point defense (FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) The defense or protection of special vital elements and installations; e.g., command and control facilities, air bases. See FMs 1-111, 6-20, 7-20, 7-30, 17-95, 44100, 71-100, 71-123, 100-15.
Point of impact (JP 1-02) 2. The point at which a projectile, bomb, or reentry vehicle impacts or is
expected to impact.
POD
port of debarkation
POE
port of embarkation
POL
POM
POMCUS
POMT
105
positive; position
Positive control (JP 1-02) A method of airspace control which relies on positive identification, tracking, and direction of aircraft within an airspace, conducted with electronic means by an agency having
the authority and responsibility therein.
PP
passage point
PPI
PPLI
PPO
PPS
PPU
Precise code (P (code)) (FM 3-01.87) The satellite transmits a coarse acquisition (CA) code and a
precise code (P code). The user is able to obtain a more accurate position and velocity solution, a circular error probability (CEP), when using a P code (10 meters CEP) than when using a CA code (100
meters CEP).
Precise positioning service (PPS) (FM 3-01.87) The PPS is a military service providing a high degree
of accuracy. PPS is restricted to US and allied military forces and, if in the national interest, to selected civil users.
Precise time (JP 1-02) A time requirement accurate to within 10 milliseconds.
Precision Gunnery System (PGS) (DA Pam 350-38) Precision gunnery system (PGS). This is a vehicle-appended gunnery training device for the BSFV that uses eye-safe lasers and retro-reflectors. PGS
is interfaced with vehicle electronics and its operation is transparent to the crew. It is interoperable
with MILES, remoted target systems (RETS), thru-sight video (TSV), the Hoffman device, and area
weapon effects signature simulator (AWESS). This device supports precision gunnery, downgraded
gunnery and force-on-force training with main gun, coax and TOW.
Precision Lightweight GPS Receiver (PLGR) (FM 3-01.87) The PLGR uses data from earth orbiting
satellites to determine location and elevation. Readings obtained in UTM coordinates, latitude, longitude, and elevation. A minimum of three satellites is required to allow the PLGR unit to determine its
position on the earth in three dimensions.
Pre-classification filter (PCF) (FM 3-01.87) The pre-classification filter (PCF) attempts to determine
if a new track is actually an aircraft, or if it is chaff or clutter.
Predicted intercept point (PIP) (BMDO Glossary) The calculated position in space where the target
and interceptor coincide.
Predicted point (AR 310-25) Position at which it is expected a moving target will arrive at the instant
of firing; point that a moving target is expected to reach at the end of the dead time between the last
observation and the moment of firing. It should not be confused with the set forward point, the predicted position of the target at the moment of impact.
Prepared launcher (AR 310-25) A tactical launcher, serviceable, assigned to a combat unit, requiring
only emplacement and/or loading to effect combat usage.
106
Prime power unit (PPU) (FM 3-01.11) The prime power unit (PPU) is a transportable unit that furnishes primary AC power to the CEU for distribution to the other THAAD radar components.
Primary sector of fire (PSF) See Sector of fire
Primary target (JP 1-02) An object of high publicity value to terrorists.
Primary target line (PTL) (FM 44-100 (FM 3-01)) PTLs are established to assist in the distribution
of ADA fires. Sectors of fire for HIMAD are normally designated at battalion after review of radar
coverage diagrams. The battery commander or platoon leader normally designates sectors of fire or
PTLs for SHORAD. These limits must be clearly defined by right and left azimuths. Those ADA units
with automated tactical data systems must know whether they are to assign and engage air targets
within or beyond the stated sector boundaries.
Principal direction of fire (PDF) (FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) The direction of fire assigned or designated as the main direction in which a weapon will be oriented. It is selected based on the enemy, mission, terrain, and weapons capability.
Probability of Kill (Pk) (BMDO Glossary) The lethality of a weapon system. Generally refers to armaments (i.e., missiles, ordnance, etc.) Usually the statistical probabilities that the weapon will detonate close enough to the target with enough power to disable the target. (Defense Systems Management College)
Procedural control (JP 1-02) A method of airspace control which relies on a combination of previously agreed and promulgated orders and procedures.
Prohibited Area
proj
projectile; project
Projectile (JP 1-02) An object projected by an applied exterior force and continuing in motion by virtue of its own inertia, as a bullet, shell, or grenade. Also applied to rockets and to guided missiles.
PSA
Pseudo-pursuit navigation (JP 1-02) A method of homing navigation in which the missile is directed
toward the instantaneous target position in azimuth, while pursuit navigation in elevation is delayed
until more favorable angle of attack on the target is achieved.
PSF
PSIF
positive SIF
PSME
PSMT
PSN
PSSK
PTBM
PTL
PTOD
PTL
Pts
points
PTT
pty
party
Pull-up point (FM 44-8 (FM 3-01.8)) The point at which an aircraft must start to climb from a lowlevel approach to gain sufficient height from which to execute the attack or retirement.
Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) (BMDO Glossary) In radar, the number of pulses that occur each
second. Not to be confused with transmission frequency which is determined by the rate at which cycles are repeated within the transmitted pulse.
PUP
pop-up point
PV
prohibited volume
PVA
PW
prisoner of war
pwr
power
PZ
pickup zone
108
Q
QA
quality assurance
QC
quality control
QEAM
QRP
QSTAG
Quadrant (AR 310-25) Instrument with a graduated scale used in laying the piece for elevation. Also
called a gunners quadrant.
Quality assurance (AR 310-25) That function of management by which conformance of material to
contract and specification requirements is assured. This assurance is obtained by evaluation of production quality controls and inspections exercised by procedures, supplemented by direct verification inspection of product.
Quality control (AR 310-25) That function of management relative to all procedures, methods, examinations, and tests required during procurement, receipt, storage, and issue that are necessary to
provide the user with an item of the required quality.
Queue (BMDO Glossary) A store for a sequence of packets, or messages, which are waiting to be
processed. A transmit queue for instance is a store of packets waiting to be transmitted.
Quick response program (QRP) (PAC-3 SMMP) The QRP enhancements are not a part of the PAC3 enhancement program but are listed in the PAC-3 SMMP; (a) Radar Enhancements: These improvements will counter the advanced RCS aircraft and tactical missile targets. (b) Emplacement Enhancement: This improvement will replace the Position and Azimuth Determining System (PADS)
with the NAVES. NAVES is a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver and North Finding System
(NFS) combination that will provide present location, azimuth, and altitude to the tactical user in all
weather and blackout conditions. (c) Remote Launch Phase 1: This improvement phased program will
provide the capability to launch missiles from a launcher emplaced in excess of current restrictions.
This modification will allow for emplacement of launchers closer to defended areas. (d) Battalion Tactical Operations Center (BTOC). This improvement will provide the Patriot battalion with a fully
automated force operations (FO) planning, training, and analysis system designed to integrate into the
engagement operations (EO) at the Information and Coordination Central (ICC).
109
R
R&S
R-T
real time
R/T
receive/transmit
R/W
read/write
reinforcing
RAA
RACO
RAD
radius
Radar (JP 1-02) A radio detection device which provides information on range, azimuth, and/or elevation of objects.
Radar clutter (JP 1-02) Unwanted signals, echoes, or images on the face of the display tube, which
interferes with observation of desired signals.
Radar correlation (AR 310-25) The determination that a track appearing on a radar scope or plotting
board is the same track as that on which information is being received from another source.
Radar cross section (RCS) (BMDO Glossary) Area of an object as scanned by radar; measured in
square meters.
Radar discrimination (AR 310-25) The ability to distinguish separately on a radar scope objects
which are in close proximity to each other.
radar silence (JP 1-02) An imposed discipline prohibiting the transmission by radar of electromagnetic signals on some or all frequencies.
Radar Weapons Control Interface Unit (RWCIU) (TM 9-1425-600-12) Provides for two-way data
transfer between WCC and RS.
RADC
radio frequency (RF) (Websters II, New College Dictionary 1995) 2. A frequency in the range
within which radio waves may be transmitted, from about 3 kilohertz to about 300,000 megahertz.
radome (AR 310-25) The covering (housing) for a radar antenna essentially transparent to electromagnetic energy.
RAG
Raid (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1) An operation, usually small scale, involving a swift penetration of hostile
territory to secure information, confuse the enemy, or to destroy installations. It ends with a planned
withdrawal upon completion of the assigned mission. See FMs 1-111, 6-20, 7-20, 7-30, 17-95, 71-100,
71-123, 100-15, 100-40, and 101-5.
AM
110
RASG
RAT
RB
reentry body
RBC
RC
reserve component
RCAT
RCFD
RCFWT
RCMAT
RCM
radar countermeasures
RCS
RCU
rcvr
receiver
rd
round
RDR
rdr
radar
RE
radar enhancement
reconnaissance
recognition (JP 1-02) 1. The determination by any means of the individuality of persons, or of objects
such as aircraft, ships, or tanks, or of phenomena such as communications-electronics patterns. 2. In
ground combat operations, the determination that an object is similar within a category of something
already known, e.g. tank, truck, man.
recon
reconnaissance
Reconstitution (FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) Those actions that commanders plan and implement to
restore units to a desired level of combat effectiveness commensurate with mission requirements and
available resources. Reconstitution operations include regeneration and reorganization. See FMs 63-2,
71-100, 71-100-1/2/3, 100-9, 100-10, and 100-15.
111
Regeneration (FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) Rebuilding of a unit through large-scale replacement of
personnel, equipment, and supplies, including the reestablishment or replacement of essential command and control and the conduct of mission essential training for the newly rebuilt unit. See FM 1009.
Released (JP 1-02) Weapons and crews, which have been released from commitments and states of
readiness. When so released, they are given a time at which a state of readiness will be resumed.
Remote control terminal (RCT) (FM 3-01.11) The Remote Control Terminal (RCT) is a display and
control input device used with the Sentinel radar. It is a rugged, compact minicomputer with graphic
display screen and multifunction control input keyboard. The Sentinel operator controls the operation
of the radar with the keyboard. The RCT provides a real-time tactical air picture on a graphic display
screen at remote locations. Sentinel radar target tracks are displayed to the operator in target symbology that shows range, elevation, velocity, and track number information.
Remotely piloted vehicle (RPV) (JP 1-02) An unmanned air vehicle capable of being controlled from
a distant location through a communications link. It is normally designed to be recoverable. See also
drone.
Remotely piloted vehicle trainer station (RPVTS) (DA Pam 350-38) Remotely piloted vehicle target system (RPVTS). The RPVTS consists of two 1/5-scale propeller driven target aircraft configured
to resemble the SU-25 Frogfoot and the MI-24 Hind-D helicopter (AUTOGYRO). Each may be
equipped with MILES/AGES and support Avenger and BSFV gunnery, small Arms and
MANPADS/Stinger live-fire training missions.
REMS
Repeater-jammer (JP 1-02) A receiver-transmitter device, which amplifies, multiplies, and retransmits the signals received for purposes of deception or jamming.
reorganization (FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) Action taken to shift resources within a degraded unit to
increase its level of combat effectiveness. See FMs 7-7, 7-8, 7-20, and 100-9.
reprogrammable microprocessor tracking head trainer (RMP THT) (DA Pam 350-38) M160
RMP THT. The Stinger training set M160 is used to train the Stinger gunners in the operation of the
re-programmable microprocessor (RMP) Stinger weapon system. The M160 RMP provides training in
improved IR/UV detection and has an improved performance indicator. The major difference between
the M134 and the M160 is the M160 may have its flight software tailored for different threats by reprogramming (replacing) the read-only memory (ROM) module in the gripstock.
restricted area
See Air Defense Artillery restricted area; Air defense restricted area
Restricted operations area (ROA) (FM 44-100 (FM 3-01)) Identifies airspace of defined dimensions
within which the operation of one or more airspace users is restricted, generally for a short time. The
112
radio frequency
RFI
RHI
Rider (FM 90-38 (FM 3-97.18)) A bogey that is conforming with safe passage routing/airspeed/altitude procedures.
RIP
ripple fire
risk management (JP 1-02) The process by which decision-makers reduce or offset risk. See also
management: risk.
RISTA
RJ
Rivet Joint
RL
rocket launcher
RL/CEU
RLRIU
RLRIU-U
RMAX
RMC
RMIN
(minimum) range
RMM
RMP
reprogrammable microprocessor
rng
range
RO
radar operator
ROA
RO/RO
Robust (BMDO Glossary) Used in describing a system; indicates its ability to endure and perform its
mission against a responsive threat. Also used to indicate system ability to survive under direct attack.
robustness (BMDO Glossary) 1. The ability to produce correct results despite input errors. 2. The existence of coordinated multiple capabilities that perform the same broad task/mission. Provides BMD
warfighter with sufficient flexibility to negate the specified threat with application of a variable mix of
ground and space-based systems. (USSPACECOM)
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ROE
rules of engagement
ROK
Republic of Korea
roll (FM 3-01.87) The measurement of the level of an end item (radar/launcher), side to side, usually
taken in mils.
ROR
Routing Logic Radio Interface Unit (RLRIU) (TM 9-1425-600-12) Provides interface between
WCC, modems, and UHF radios.
ROZ
RP
release point
RPSTL
RPV
RPVTS
RRF
RRG
RRM
RRT
RS
RSOI
RSOP
rsps
response
RSTA
RSU
RTG
RTO
radiotelephone operator
RTYPE
Rules of engagement (ROE) (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) Directives issued by competent
military authority, which delineates the circumstances and limitations under which United States
forces will initiate and/or continue combat engagement with other forces encountered. See FM 100-20.
RV
RVA
RW
rotary wing
RWCIU
RWI
RWR
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115
S
S&A
S/A
surface to air
S/I
switch-indicator
S/T
search/track
S/TIF
S/W
software
SA
SAAFR
SADC
SAFAD
SAH
semi-active homing
SALUTE
SALVO
salvo fire
Salvo (SALVO) (JP 1-02) 2. In close air support/air interdiction operations, methods of delivery in
which the release mechanisms are operated to release or fire all ordnance of a specific type simultaneously.
SAM
SAM-D (JP 1-02) An Army air defense artillery, surface-to-air missile system under development to
replace Nike Hercules and the improved HAWK systems.
SAMREP
SAMSTATREP
SAR
SASO
SATA
SATCOM
satellite communications
Satellite and missile surveillance (JP 1-02) The systematic observation of aerospace for the purpose
of detecting, tracking, and characterizing objects, events, and phenomena associated with satellites and
in-flight missiles, friendly and enemy. See also surveillance.
SAW
SBU
SC
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SCUD
surface-to-surface missile system; any threat TBM (FM 90-38 (FM 3-97.18)).
SDU
SEAD
Sea-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) (JP 1-02) A ballistic missile launched from a submarine or
surface ship.
Search sector (AR 310-25) Area in the sky or on the surface assigned to be covered by a searchlight,
radar, or other device for the purpose of detecting and locating targets.
SEAVAN
sec
section
Sector of fire (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) A defined area which is required to be covered by
the fire of individual or crew-served weapons or the weapons of a unit. See FMs 7-7, 7-8, 7-91, 17-91,
17-12, and 23-1.
Seeker (AR 310-25) A device for terminal guidance which can detect and track some target characteristic.
Selective identification feature (SIF) (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) A capability which, when
added to the basic Identification Friend and Foe system, provides the means to transmit, receive, and
display selected coded replies. (See also identification, friend or foe (IFF), and IFF on/off line.) See
FM 1-111.
Selective Kill (BMDO Glossary) Assigns interceptors to targets on the basis of missile type, launch
area, impact area, time of launch/arrival or predicted threat utility (e.g., SS-18 or its follow-on).
Selective, Adaptive Defense (BMDO Glossary) Selective, adaptive defense assigns interceptors to
RVs based upon defended assets values, the number of arriving RVs and time to impact.
Self defense (FM 44-100 (FM 3-01)) Because there will never be sufficient specialized air defense
assets to provide force protection for all units and vital assets, all units must be capable of using their
organic weapons for self-defense against air attack. Self-defense is never denied.
SEM
Semi-active homing guidance (JP 1-02) A system of homing guidance wherein the receiver in the
missile utilizes radiation from the target which has been illuminated by an outside source.
Semi-Active Sensor (BMDO Glossary) One that does not generate radiation itself, but that detects
radiation reflected by targets when they are illuminated by other BMD components. Such devices are
used for tracking and identification and can operate without revealing their own locations.
SEN
Sensor (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) An equipment which detects, and may indicate, and/or record objects and activities by means of energy or particles emitted, reflected, or modified by objects.
sensor data (BMDO Glossary) Measurement information. For passive sensor it is usually irradiant
time, and LOS. For an active sensor it may include range, Doppler, cross-section, etc., as well.
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SETAF
SF
supported force
SFCM
SHAPE
shoot-look-shoot (SLS) (BMDO Glossary) A tactic used to achieve Defense Engagement Options
(DEOs), such as assured kill by shooting at the target, looking to see if it was killed, and shooting
again, if necessary, to achieve the kill.
SHORAD
SHTU
SI
set indicator
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SICC
subordinate ICC
SICPRWS
SICPS
SICPSTS
sidelobes (BMDO Glossary) Residual EMR surrounding the main beam, which is of weaker power
than the main beam.
Side-looking airborne radar (SLAR) (JP 1-02) An airborne radar, viewing at right angles to the axis
of the vehicle, which produces a presentation of terrain or moving targets.
SIF
sig
signal
SIGO
signal officer
signal operation instructions (SOI) (JP 1-02) A series of orders issued for technical control and coordination of the signal communication activities of a command.
signal processor group (SPG) (TM 9-1425-600-12) Performs mathematical functions on data received from receiver group and associated ECS in conjunction with two digital processors located in
roadside utility bay.
signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) (JP 1-02) The ratio of the amplitude of the desired signal to the amplitude
of noise signals at a given point in time.
signature (target) (BMDO Glossary) 1. Distinctive type of radiation emitted or reflected by a target,
which can be used to identify that target. 2. The characteristic pattern of the target displayed by detection and identification equipment.
signature track (JP 1-02) In air defense, the track of an aircraft or missile which behaves in an unusual manner which warrants attention and could pose a threat to a defended area.
SIIPT
sim
simulated
simultaneous engagement (JP 1-02) The concurrent engagement of hostile targets by combination of
interceptor aircraft and surface-to-air missiles. See also, modes of control.
SINCGARS
Single-Channel Ground and Airborne Radio System (SINCGARS) (Weapon Systems 1999) Provides commanders with a highly reliable, secure, easily maintained combat net radio (CNR) with voice
and data handling capability, in support of command and control operations.
SIPRNET
SITMAP
situation map
SITREP
situation report
SIT TEMP
situation template
situational training exercise (STX) (AR 350-70) Mission-related, limited exercises designed to train
one collective task or a group of related tasks and drills through practice. STXs teach the standard,
preferred method for carrying out the task. They are more flexible than drills and usually include
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SLAM
SLAR
SLBM
SLC
SLCM
SLCT
Slew Time (BMDO Glossary) The time needed for a weapon/sensor/antenna to move from point to
point.
slew-to-cue (STC) (USAADASCH) STC allows the Avenger to interface with digital early warning
data provided through the EPLRS based inter-FAAD network, and automatically slew the turret in
both azimuth and elevation, centering the threat target in the gunners field of view.
slow (FM 90-38 (FM 3-97.18)) Target with a ground speed of 300 knots or less.
SLS
SM
small arms (JP 1-02) Man-portable, individual, and crew-served weapon systems used mainly against
personnel and lightly armored or unarmored equipment.
SMCT
SME
smk
smoke
SMT
SMU
SNR
SOA
state of alert
SOC
site-oriented correlation
SOE
SOEC
SOF
SOI
SOJ
standoff jammer
SOJC
SOP
SOR
state of readiness
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SP
SPOD
seaport of debarkation
SPOE
seaport of embarkation
Space defense (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) All defensive measures designed to destroy attacking enemy vehicles (including missiles) while in space, or to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of
such attack.
Space And Missile Defense Command (SMDC) See United States Army Space and Missile Defense
Command
SPACECOM Space Command
SPC
SPCA
Spec
special
SPG
Spherical error probability (SEP) (FM 3-01.87) The differential distance computation is required
because of missile acquisition and spherical error probable (SEP). SEP applied to measurement states
that 50 percent of the time the measurement is within the error limits. This also means that 50 percent
of the time the measurement is outside the error limits.
SPOD
seaport of debarkation
Spoofing (BMDO Glossary) Any technique by which sensitive information or commands may be substituted or stopped without the knowledge of the personnel involved.
SPP
SPS
sq
square
sqd
squad
sqdn
squadron
SRBM
SRC
SRCU
SRP
short-range pop-up
SRPOP
short-range pop-up
SRPT
SRTBM
SSA
SSB
SSCM
SSDC
SSEKP
SSG
SSI
SSJ
self-screening jammer
SSKEP
SSKP
SSLO
SSM
surface-to-surface missile
SSP
SSPK
SSTO
Stability and Support Operations (FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) (Army) The use of military capabilities for any purpose other than war. (See also counterdrug, counterinsurgency, domestic emergencies,
humanitarian assistance (HA), military operations other than war (MOOTW), and peace operations.)
See JP 3-07 and FM 100-20. (Replaces operations other than war [OOTW].)
STAFFEX
staff exercise
STAMO
STANAG
Standard Integrated Command Post Shelter (SICPS) (Weapon Systems 1999) A family of standard
command post facilities. The family includes a tent CP, a rigid wall shelter (RWS) CP, a track vehicle
CP (M1068), a 5-ton expansible van CP, and a soft-top HMMWV CP.
STANO
STAR
State of alert (AR 310-25) As used in air defense, the combat readiness maintained by a fire unit expressed in terms of the period of time within which the unit must be capable of launching at least one
missile. States of alert are: Battle stations (fire within 30 seconds), 5-minute, 15-minute, 30-minutes,
1-hour and 3-hour.
State Of Emissions (SOE) and State Of Readiness (SOR) (JP 1-02) See defense readiness conditions; weapons readiness state.
(FM 44-100 (FM 3-01)) States of readiness (SOR) describe the degree of readiness of ADA fire
units and sensors expressed in minutes from time of alert notification to time of weapon firing or
sensor in operation. States of readiness can also be modified to include emission control and system
configuration considerations and are then called states of emission (SOE) control. SOR and SOE
are based on the WAD and air defense warning. ADA battalion commanders for their subordinate
batteries, platoons, and fire units normally designate them. Additionally, SOR and SOE can be
used to specify personnel manning requirements. ADA commanders use WAD, SOR, and SOE to
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SOE 2
SOE 3
Battle Passive
SOR 4
5 min
SOR 5
1 hour
SOR 6
SOR 7
SOR 8
SOR 9
SOR 0
Destroyed
SHORAD SOR/SOE Definition (EXAMPLE ONLY)
SOR 1
SOR 2
SOR 3
SOR 4
SOR 5
SOE 1
SOE 2
SOE 3
SOE 4
SOE 5
STARTEX
start of exercise
stby
standby
STC
std emp
standard emplacement
STLS
STO
surface-to-air missile tactical order; standing tactical order; special technical operations
(JFACC term)
STOL
Stop Fire
STP
STPT
STR
STRAC
Streaker
STRIKWARN (FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) A message transmitted to give advance warning of a
friendly nuclear attack to ensure friendly forces can protect themselves from the effects of the attack.
strobe (FM 90-38 (FM 3-97.18)) Radar indications of noise jamming.
STS
STT
STU
STX
Subsonic (Websters II) 2. Having a speed less than the speed of sound in a designated medium.
Supersonic (Websters II) Having, caused by, related to, or traveling at a speed greater than the speed
of sound in a specified medium.
Supplemental force control measures (SFCM) (FM 44-100 (FM 3-01)) Supplemental fire control
measures are procedural management measures issued by competent military authority which delineate or modify hostile criteria, delegate identification authority, or which serve strictly as aids in fire
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supervise; supervisor
Surface-to-air guided missile (SAGM or SAM) (JP 1-02) A surface-launched guided missile for use
against air targets.
Surface-to-air missile envelop (JP 1-02) That airspace within the kill capabilities of a specific surface-to-air missile system.
Surface-to-surface guided missile (JP 1-02) A surface-launched missile designed to operate against a
target on the surface.
Surveillance (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) The systematic observation of aerospace, surface,
surface or subsurface areas, places, persons, or things, by visual, aural, electronic, photographic, or
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SVML
swbd
switchboard
Sweep Jamming (BMDO Glossary) A narrow band of jamming that is back and forth over a relatively
wide operating band of frequencies.
SWGS
sync
synchronize; synchronization
sys
system
SYSCON
system control
System Support Group (SSG) (FM 3-01.11) The THAAD SSG consists of an M-1078 Light to Medium Tactical Vehicle (LMTV) equipped with an electric crane installed in the cargo bed and a towed
PU-802 generator. The SSG is also used to support fiber optics cable laying activities and to transport
additional items of equipment required for THAAD Battery operations. Transported equipment includes communications ancillary equipment (e.g., antennas, antenna masts, fiber optic cable assemblies), site preparation equipment (e.g., concertina wire, camouflage netting), and soldier support items
(e.g., duffel bags, rations). The generator provides a backup source of power for the TOS and LCS.
System Threat Assessment Report (STAR) (BMDO Glossary) Required by DoD 5000.2 and validated by DIA. Establishes the threat (to a Services Mission Area) and is part of basis for considering
mission deficiency and potential program new start. Updated to support a DAB Milestone or when the
threat changes significantly. (Also Strategic Threat Assessment)
sz
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size
T
TD-1065
TD-660
communications multiplexer
T/R
transmit/receive
TA
TAA
TAADCOM
tabular display
Table-top-trainer (TTT) (FM 3-01.11) The Avenger Table Top Trainer (TTT) is an interactive
graphics trainer with the principle features of the Avenger turret/gunner station. A 17-inch monitor
presents the out-of-window (canopy) view and the gunners FLIR display. In addition, a FLIR fieldof-view (FOV) footswitch and a tactical gunner handstation provide the gunner-machine interface.
TAC
tac
TACAIR
TACC
TACEVAL
tactical evaluation
TACFIRE
TACI
tactical initialization
TACON
tactical control
tactical operations
TACC
TACFIRE
tactical fire
TACI
tactical initialization
tactical operations
tactical satellite
Tactical air liaison officer (TALO) (Army) (FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) An Air Force officer who
works at the division or higher rear command post G4 section and facilitates the coordination of cargo
aircraft. He maintains information on runway availability, cargo handling capability, and the location
of brigade medical treatment facilities and landing areas. See FMs 71-100-1/2/3 and 100-15.
Tactical air-to-surface missile (TASM) (AMDMP FY99) TASMs are air-launched, precision-guided
munitions designed to strike ground targets. They are ideal against targets, such as bridges, that are
difficult to destroy with dumb bombs. They are similar to air-launched CMs, but are smaller, have
shorter ranges, lack wings and aerodynamic lift associated with CM flights, and are launched by tactical fighter-bomber aircraft.
Tactical ballistic missile (TBM) (USAADASCH) See theater ballistic missile.
(BMDO Glossary) A land based missile generally having a range of < 3000 miles that can be
employed within a continental theater of operations.
Tactical Ballistic Missile (TBM) Predicted Ground Impact Point (PGIP) An elliptical area that
indicates where a TBM most likely will strike the ground. This area varies in size based on the known
or suspected accuracy of the TBM if it functions normally. (See also theater missile defense (TMD).
See FM 44-100 (FM 3-01).
Tactical Command System (TCS) (FM 3-01.11) The Patriot Tactical Command System (TCS) is a
facility which accommodates the commander and staff of up to ten air defense personnel and provides
automated equipment to support force operations (FO) tasks which complement the EO activities in
the Patriot ICC. The TCS is mounted on an M934 5-ton expandable van. It is co-located with and interfaces directly to the Patriot ICC using MSE and LAN, uses US Army common hardware and software components, and is powered by a standard US Army 30 kW, 60 Hz generator with UPS backup
power.
Tactical control (TACON) (JP 1-02) Command authority over assigned or attached forces or commands, or military capability or forces made available for tasking, that is limited to the detailed and,
usually, local direction and control of movements or maneuvers necessary to accomplish missions or
tasks assigned. Tactical control is inherent in operational control. Tactical control may be delegated to,
and exercised at any level at or below the level of combatant command.
Tactical control assistant (TCA) (FM 3-01.87) The enlisted personnel who assists the TCO in the
operation of the air defense system and conduct of the air battle. The TCA monitors and initiates all
engagements.
Tactical control officer (TCO) (FM 3-01.87) The officer in charge (OIC) of an air defense battery
fire control crew. Responsible for all actions during air battle operations. These actions include, but
are not limited to; identifying all targets; ensuring the system is in assigned search, identification, and
engagement mode; verifies activation/deactivation of SIF and Mode 4; monitors situation display and
alert messages; applies or removes cease fire, hold fire or engage hold; makes firing doctrine changes;
and directs radar emission control schedule.
Tactical digital information link (TADIL) (JP 1-02) A Joint Staff approved, standardized communication link suitable for transmission of digital information. Current practice is to characterize a tactical
digital information link (TADIL) by its standardized message formats and transmission characteristics.
TADILs interface two or more command and control or weapons systems via a single or multiple network architecture and multiple communication media for exchange of tactical information. a. TADILAA secure, half-duplex, netted digital data link utilizing parallel transmission frame characteristics
and standard message formats at either 1364 or 2250 bits per second. It is normally operated in a roll128
129
TADAP
TADCOM
TADIL
TADS
TAI
TAMCA
TAMD
TAN
TAOC
Target (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) 1. A geographical area, complex, or installation planned for
capture or destruction by military forces. 2. In intelligence usage, a country, area, installation, agency,
130
Task force (TF) (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) 1. A temporary grouping of units, under one
commander, formed for the purpose of carrying out a specific operation or mission. 2. Semi-permanent
organization of units, under one commander, formed for the purpose of carrying out a continuing specific task. 3. (Army) A battalion-sized unit of the combat arms consisting of a battalion control
headquarters, with at least one of its major organic subordinate elements (a company), and the attachment of a least one company-sized element of another combat or combat support arm. (See also task
organization.) A component of a fleet organized by the commander of a fleet or higher authority for
the accomplishment of a specific task or tasks. See FMs 1-111, 6-20, 7-20, 7-30, 17-95, 71-100, 71123, 100-15, 100-40, and 101-5.
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task organization
TASM
TB
technical bulletin
TBA
to be announced
TBD
to be determined; to be developed
TBE
to-be-engaged
TBEQ
to-be-engaged queue
TBM
TBMD
TBR
to be resolved
TC
TCA
TCO
TCS
TCU
TD
tactical director
TDA
TDAR
TDC
TDDS
TDECC
TDMA
TDR
Techniques (AR 350-70) The general and detailed methods used by troops and/or commanders to perform assigned missions and functions, specifically, the methods of using equipment and personnel.
Example: A tactic of covering an obstacle with direct and indirect fires may be executed by emplacing
machine guns on the flanks to place direct fire down the length of the obstacle and using mortars to
place indirect fire on the obstacle. Both types of fires can be shifted beyond the obstacle to cut off
withdrawal of an opposing force.
TEL
transporter-erector-launcher
tempo (FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) The rate of military action; controlling or altering that rate is a necessary means to initiative. All military operations alternate between action and pauses as opposing
forces battle one another and fight friction to mount and execute operations at the time and place of
their choosing. See FM 100-5.
Temporary Airspace Restrictions (FM 44-100 (FM 3-01)) Temporary airspace restrictions can be
imposed on segments of airspace of defined dimensions in response to specific situations and requirements. These can include close air support (CAS) operations, air-refueling areas, and concentrated interdiction areas. The promulgation of such restrictions will include the following:
132
Four common temporary airspace restrictions are: restricted operations areas, minimum risk routes,
standard-use Army aircraft flight routes and air corridors, and sectors of fire and primary target lines.
Terminal guidance (JP 1-02) 1. The guidance applied to a guided missile between midcourse guidance and arrival in the vicinity of the target. 2. Electronic, mechanical, visual, or other assistance given
an aircraft pilot to facilitate arrival at, operation within or over, landing upon, or departure from an air
landing or airdrop facility. See also guidance.
Terminal phase (JP 1-02) That portion of the trajectory of a ballistic missile between reentry into the
atmosphere or the end of the midcourse phase and impact or arrival in the vicinity of the target. See
also boost phase, midcourse phase, reentry phase.
Terrain flight (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) Flight close to the Earths surface during which
airspeed, height, and/or altitude are adapted to the contours and cover of the ground in order to avoid
enemy detection and fire. See FM 1-111.
(FM 44-8 (FM 3-01.8)) The tactic of employing helicopters in such a manner as to use the terrain, vegetation, and man-made objects to degrade the enemy's ability to visually, optically, or electronically detect or locate the helicopter. This tactic involves a constant awareness of the capabilities and positions of the enemy weapons and detection means in relation to available masking terrain features and flight routes. Terrain flying involves flight close to the earth's surface and includes the following flight techniques:
Contour flight. Flight at low altitude conforming generally to, and in the proximity of, the contours of the earth. It is characterized by varying airspeed and altitude as dictated by vegetation, obstacles, and ambient light.
Low-level flight. Flight generally carried out above obstacles but at an altitude where detection by
a threat force is avoided or minimized. It is, therefore, at a constant indicated altitude and airspeed.
Nap-of-the-earth flight. Flight at varying airspeeds as close to the earth's surface as vegetation,
obstacles, and ambient light will permit while generally following contours of the earth.
Terrain masking (AR 310-25) The ability of terrain features to deny observation of an object.
Terrestrial reference guidance (JP 1-02) The technique of providing intelligence to a missile from
certain characteristics of the surface over which the missile is flown, thereby achieving flight along a
predetermined path. See also guidance.
TEWT
TEXCOM
TF
task force
TFL
TFLT
time of flight
tgt
target
THAAD
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Through sight video camera (TSVC) (FM 3-01.11) The Through Sight Video Camera (TSVC) is a
vehicle appended system that provides a video and sound recording of gunnery or tactical engagement
exercises in real time. It is used in the institution and field environment for gunnery training to provide
an evaluation and critique of actual engagement sequences. It provides immediate playback through
use of an onboard monitor.
thrt
threat
THT
TIBS
Tactical Intelligence Broadcast Service; Theater Information Broadcast Service; Theater
Intelligence Broadcast System.
Tiered Defense (BMDO Glossary) The use of defensive systems at different phases of the missile trajectory.
Time of Flight (Max) (BMDO Glossary) The maximum time for a booster or vehicle to perform its
function from time of launch.
Time of flight (TFLT) (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) In artillery and naval gunfire support, the
time in seconds from the instant a weapon is fired, launched, or released from the delivery vehicle or
weapons system to the instant it strikes or detonates. See FMs 6-series and 7-90.
Time sensitive targets (TST) (JP 1-02) Those targets requiring immediate response because they pose
(or will soon pose) a clear and present danger to friendly forces or a highly lucrative, fleeing targets of
opportunity.
Time to first launch (TFL) (FM 3-01.87) TFL is an estimated time it takes for the target approaching
the battery to be engaged with intercept occurring within an acceptable probability of kill. The acceptable kill probability region is within the azimuth limits of the track sector and within a range value
based on the target's altitude and ECM history.
Time to last launch (TLL) (FM 3-01.87/TM 9-1430-600-10-1) Time to last launch (TTLL) is the
time remaining to the last opportunity to initiate an engagement so intercept will occur before the target penetrates the asset boundary. This is a very forgiving calculation (99 seconds describes time to
last launch). It assumes that the target is heading directly towards the center of the asset at its current
speed.
Time to launch release (TLR) (TM 9-1430-600-10-1) TLR indicates the time remaining before the
target is automatically engaged by the system. 99 seconds describes release time to last. In the semiautomatic engagement mode, TLR is equal to TTFL.
tj
trajectory
TLL
TLR
TM
tm
team
TMD
TMDE
TMO
TMT
tng
training
TNT
TO
tasking order
TOC
TOD
time of day
TOE
TOF
time of flight
TOI
TOJ
track on jam
tol
tolerance
TOM
TON
TOS
TOW (missile) (JP 1-02) A component of a tube-launched, optically tracked, wire-command link
guided missile weapon system which is crew-portable.
TOW
TP
tactical planner
TPFDD
TPFDL
TPN
TPO
TPT
TPTR
TPTL
TQG
Track Assessment (BMDO Glossary) Looks for anomalies in an object track data. An anomaly in the
track may indicate a hit.
Track Correlation (BMDO Glossary) The combining of track information for identification purposes,
using all available data.
Track File (BMDO Glossary) A targets stated estimate, confidence, covariance matrix, and associated LOS measurements with irradiants with confidence of association; or some subset of the above.
136
TRADOC System Manager (TSM) (AR 350-70) An individual appointed by the CG, TRADOC,
responsible for coordinating the combat developer (CD), user, and trainer efforts in the life cycle management of the assigned system. This individual also is responsible for doctrinal and organizational
standardization or interoperability with NATO.
Transponder (JP 1-02) A receiver-transmitter which will generate a reply signal, upon proper interrogation. See also responsor.
Transporter erector launcher (TEL) (USAADASCH) A self-propelled launch vehicle capable of
transporting a TBM to a tactical location and elevating and launching the missile. A TEL contains all
ancillary equipment needed to support launch operations.
TRAP
Traveling Wave Tube (TWT) (BMDO Glossary) An electronic tube in which a stream of electrons
interact continuously or repeatedly with a guided electromagnetic wave moving substantially in synchronism with it, in such a way as an amplifier or oscillator at frequencies in the microwave region.
Traverse level (JP 1-02) That vertical displacement above low-level air defense systems, expressed
both as a height and altitude, at which aircraft can cross the area.
TREA
TRITAC
The Sentinel Troop Proficiency Trainer (STPT) Is embedded into and used with the actual
Sentinel equipment. The TPT will display incoming and outgoing information that will stimulate
operator procedural actions. This will provide real time, free play interactive simulation that is representative of initialization, BIT/BITE, operations and the evaluation of data/error messages. The
TPT will provide reports of operator actions and summary reports used to determine operator performance to standard.
The FAADC3I Troop Proficiency Trainer (FTPT) Is an embedded device within the system
that supports a stand-alone capability to train operators to initiate and monitor critical actions. The
TPT allows the operator to sustain operational skills in garrison or in the field without external
training devices.
Patriot Troop Proficiency Trainer (PTPT) (DA Pam 350-38) Patriot troop proficiency trainer
(TPT). The TPT is a software program used to train information and coordination central (ICC) and
engagement control systems (ECS) operators. It is also used to evaluate and maintain proficiency
levels of current operators. The TPT may be programmed for battalion/battery exercise training.
TROPO
tropospheric scatter
Tropospheric scatter (JP 1-02) The propagation of electromagnetic waves by scattering as a result of
irregularities or discontinuities in the physical properties of the troposphere.
TRP
trp
troop
True north (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) The direction from an observers position to the geographic North Pole. The north direction of any geographic meridian. See FM 21-26.
TSA
TSD
TSG
TSM
TSOP
TSR
TST
TTP
TTR
T-UAV
TVM
TVM-AP
TVM-CP
TWS
TWT
TWUD
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U
U/I
unit of issue
UAV
UH
utility helicopter
UHF
UIC
UL
uplink
ULLS
Umbilical cord (missile) (AR 310-25) Cable fitted with a quick disconnect plug on the missile
through which missile equipment is controlled and tested while the missile is still attached to launching equipment or parent plane.
UMCP
UMO
UMR
upper medium-range
Unit conduct of fire trainer (UCOFT) (FM 3-01.11) The BSFV Unit Conduct of Fire Trainer
(UCOFT) is the main device for initial and sustainment training of BSFV 25-mm gunnery skills at the
unit level in CONUS and OCONUS units. It is a modular computer-based gunnery trainer for the
BSFV commander and gunner. The UCOFT provides computer-generated battlefield video scenarios
with sound effects for simulated target engagements used for training and evaluation.
United States Army Space and Missile Defense Command (USASMDC) (USASMDC Website
http://smdc.army.mil) The U.S. Army Space and Missile Defense Command, a MACOM, serves as
the Armys proponent for Space and National Missile Defense, and as the Army integrator for Theater
Missile Defense. The command ensures that Army warfighters have access to space assets and products to win decisively with minimum casualties and effective missile defense to protect our nation as
well as our deployed forces and those of our friends and allies.
United States Space Command (USSPACECOM) (BMDO Glossary) The unified command of
USSPACECOM. Responsible for the Army elements of the SDS system. Located in Colorado
Springs, CO.
unks
unknowns
Unknown (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) 1. A code, meaning information not available. 2. An
unidentified target. (Army) An aircraft or ship which has not been determined to be hostile,
friendly, or neutral using identification friend or foe (IFF) and other techniques, but which must be
tracked by air defense or naval engagement systems.
Universal polar stereographic grid (JP 1-02) A military grid prescribed for joint use in operations in
limited areas and used for operations requiring precise position reporting. It covers areas between the
80-degree parallels and the poles.
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unsatisfactory
unsvc
unserviceable
UOES
UPS
USAADASCH United States Army Air Defense Artillery School. Located at Ft. Bliss, TX
USARSPACE United States Army Space Command
USSPACECOM
USFK
United States Forces Korea, US Army Garrison, Yong San (USAGY), Seoul, Republic of
Korea
UTA
UTBM
UTM
UV
ultraviolet
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V
V
volt
VACR
VDC
vel
velocity
VHF
VHSIC
Virtual training (AR 350-70) Training executed using computer generated battlefields in simulators
with approximate physical layout of tactical weapons systems and vehicles. Virtual tactical engagement simulation (TES) training permits units to maneuver over much larger areas.
vis
visibility; visual
VLA
vol
volume
VSTOL
VSTT
VT
virtual target
VTDP
VTG
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W
WAD
WAN
warning order
WARSIM
WCC
WCO
WCS
weapon control status. See Air defense weapons control status; weapons control status
Weapon alert designator (WAD) (FM 44-100 (FM 3-01)) Weapons Alert designators (WAD) describe a progressive system of alert postures. They are used by the AD commander to specify minimum percentages of ADA fire units within parent organizations that are required to be at given states
of readiness. ADA commanders use weapons alert designators to meet the threat, provide maintenance, and allow crew rest.
HIMAD Weapons Alert Designators (EXAMPLE ONLY)
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WAD
RTF
5 min
1 hr
ALL
3 hr
60%
20%
20%
40%
20%
20%
20%
30%
20%
20%
20%
30%
20%
60%
50%
20%
30%
20%
6 hr
RTM
10%
30%
20%
20%
20%
30%
20%
30%
RTF
5 min
15 min
ALL
80%
10%
10%
60%
10%
20%
40%
20%
30%
30 min
1 (or
more)
10%
20%
20%
70%
Weapon assignment (FM 3-01.11) Involves the selection and scheduling of available launchers and
missiles against attacking TBMs. It is an iterative process that is repeated at fixed intervals or upon the
occurrence of an event that alters the weapon assignment basis. The system first determines available
battlespace, first shot, last shot, best shot opportunity, and the available engagement opportunities.
Based on the number of engagement opportunities available and the number of missiles allocated according to defense objectives, the system selects a method of fire. The system uses shoot-look-shoot as
the method of fire where feasible.
Weapon control computer (TM 9-1425-600-12) In conjunction with instructions entered at either
display and control station, controls all FP operations.
Weapon control status (WCS) (FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) The degree of fire control imposed upon
Army units having assigned, attached, or organic air defense weapons. (See air defense weapon control status.)
WEAPONS FREE (JP 1-02) In air defense, a weapon control order imposing a status whereby
weapons systems may be fired at any target not positively recognized as friendly. (FM 44-100)
This is the least restrictive weapon control status.
Weapons tight (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) In air defense, a weapon control order imposing a status whereby weapons systems may be fired only at targets recognized as hostile. (See
also air defense, weapons free, and weapons hold.
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Weapons control computer (WCC) (FM 44-85 (FM 3-01.85)) (Patriot) The WCC provides the necessary data processing for the Patriot FU, including capability for communications with other FUs or
battalions through a routing logic radio interface unit (RLRIU).
The major subsystems within the computer system are the-
The WCC configuration consists of two CPUs, one IOCU, and 512K of main memory.
Weapons free See Weapons Control Status
Weapons free zone (WFZ) (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) An air defense zone established for
the protection of key assets or facilities, other than air bases, where weapon systems may be fired at
any target not positively recognized as friendly. (See also weapons free and air defense weapon control status.) See FMs 100-103 and 44-100 (FM 3-01).
Weapons hold See Weapons Control Status
Weapons Readiness State (JP 1-02) The degree of readiness of air defense weapons, which can become airborne or be launched to carry out an assigned task. Weapons readiness states are expressed in
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WEZ
WF
weapons free
WFG
waveform generator
WFOV
WFZ
WFX
warfighter exercise
WGS-84
WH
weapons hold
whd
warhead
WGS-84
World geographic reference system (GEOREF) (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) A worldwide
position reference system that may be applied to any map or chart graduated in latitude and longitude
regardless of projection. It is a method of expressing latitude and longitude in a form suitable for rapid
reporting and plotting.
wpn
weapon
WSMR
WT
weapons tight
wt
weight
wveh
wheel vehicle
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X
X-axis (JP 1-02) A horizontal axis in a system of rectangular coordinates; that line on which distances
to the right or left (east or west) of the reference line are marked, especially on a map, chart, or graph.
xmit
transmit
xmtr
transmitter
XTBM
Y
Yaw (JP 1-02) 1. The rotation of an aircraft, ship, or missile about its vertical axis so as to cause the
longitudinal axis of the aircraft, ship, or missile to deviate from the flight line or heading in its horizontal plane. 3. Angle between the longitudinal axis of a projectile at any moment and the tangent to
the trajectory in the corresponding point of flight of the projectile.
Y-axis (JP 1-02) A vertical axis in a system of rectangular coordinates; that line on which distances
above and below (north or south) the reference line are marked, especially on a map, chart, or graph.
Z
Zeroize (AR 310-25) 1. To align the variable cryptographic elements (e.g., rotors) of a cryptoequipment to a specified basic setting unrelated to operational settings. 2. To destroy the setting of
machine elements automatically upon the occurrence of an untoward event; e.g. a crashing impact, the
loss of electrical power, or possible capture by the enemy.
Zero-length launcher (AR 310-25) Launcher which supports the missile in the desired altitude prior
to ignition, but which exercises no control on the direction of the missiles travel after ignition.
Zero-length launching (JP 1-02) A technique in which the first motion of the missile or aircraft removes it from the launcher.
ZULU time (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) A measure of time that conforms, within a close approximation, to the mean diurnal rotation of the Earth and serves as the basis of civil timekeeping.
ZULU time is determined from observations of stars, radio sources, and also from ranging observations of the Moon and artificial Earth satellites. The scale determined directly from such observations
is designated Universal Time Observed (UTO); it is slightly dependent on the place of observation.
When ZULU time is corrected for the shift in longitude of the observing station caused by polar motion, the time scale ZULU is obtained. Formerly called Greenwich Mean Time. (See also Universal
Time.) See FM 101-5.
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