Você está na página 1de 27

19.

2
Nature
, origin
of coal:
extracti
on and
use

Before
minin
g
techni
ques
impro
ved in
the
1700s,
the
resour
ce
that
provi
ded
the
greate
st
amou
nt of
energ
y for
heatin
g and
cooki
ng
was
_____
___.

dung

wood

coal

oil

The
debat
e over
oil
explor
ation,
drillin
g, and
extrac
tion
in
ANW
R has
occurr
ed, in
part,
becau
se
_____
___.

the
Gwic
h'in,
one of
the
native
Alask
an
group
s,
depen
d on
hunti
ng
caribo
u and
fear
that
oil-in
dustr
y
activit
y will
reduc
e
caribo
u
herds

sunlig
ht
(solar)
energ
y

geoth
ermal
energ
y

tidal
energ
y

wind
energ
y
A
A
Diff:
1
O
19.1
Energy
sources
that we
use

Solar
radiat
ion
makes
severa
l
other
energ
y
sourc
es
possib
le,
includ
ing
_____
___.

tidal
energ
y

geoth
ermal
energ
y

hydro
therm
al
energ
y

nucle
ar
energ
y
A
A
Diff:
1
O
19.1
Energy
sources
that we
use

For
the
Unite
d
States,
the
prima
ry
fuel
that
we
use
for
our
energ

D
Diff:
2
O
19.1
Energy
sources
that we
use

Scient
ists
search
for
fossil
fuels
in
many
ways.
Sendi
ng a
sound
wave
into
the
groun
d (by
explo
ding
dyna
mite,
thum
ping
the
groun
d
with a
large
weigh
t, or
using
an
electri
c
vibrat
ing
machi
ne)
and
meas
uring
its
return
to the
surfac
e at
receiv
ing
statio
ns is

it is
not
cost-e
ffectiv
e

in
some
areas
it is
too
liquid
to
extrac
t

only a
strip
mine
could
fully
extrac
t it

this is
not
correc
t; we
often
are
able
to
extrac
t the
entire
pool
A
B
Diff:
2
O
19.3
Nature
, origin
of
petrole
um:
extracti
on,
use,

which
nation
will
make
the
larges
t
purch
ases

the
fractio
n of
the oil
that
will
go to
fuels,
plasti
cs,
synth
etic
fibers
and
lubric
ants
A
A
Diff:
2
O
19.3
Nature
, origin
of
petrole
um:
extracti
on,
use,
depleti
on

Secon
dary
extrac
tion
of
petrol
eum

C
Diff:
2
19.3
Nature
, origin
of
petrole
um:
extracti
on,
use,
depleti
on

Coal
contin
ues to
be the
main
fuel
used
to
gener
ate
electri
city in
the
Unite
d
States.
This
is
partia
lly
becau
se
_____
___.

the
count
ry has
such
large
reserv
es of
coal

the
qualit
y of
coal
in the
Unite
d
States
is
very
consis
tent
from
depos

usabl
e in
its
raw
form

forme
d less
than
100
yards
below
the
surfac
e; in
deepe
r
places
with
more
press
ure,
coal is
forme
d

forme
d in a
wide
range
of
tempe
rature
and
press
ure
circu
mstan
ces

fractio
nated
to
obtain
the
chemi
cals
used
for

will
be
deplet
ed by
2030
at
curre
nt
usage
rates

is
transp
orted
prima
rily by
truck
and
rail
B
Diff:
1
19.4
Nature
, origin
of
natural
gas:
extracti
on and
use

Depos
its of
natur
al gas
are
most
nume
rous
in
_____
___.

the
Middl
e East

B
Diff:
1
19.4
Nature
, origin
of
natural
gas:
extracti
on and
use

Natur
al gas
is
_____
___.

trapp
ed
over
some
cities
for
comm
ercial
use

only
produ
ced
by
bacter
ia
durin
g
deco
mposi
tion

more
dama
ging
to the
enviro
nmen

19.4
Nature
, origin
of
natural
gas:
extracti
on and
use

One
of the
probl
ems
with
findin
g new
fossil
fuel
depos
its in
devel
oping
count
ries is
that
_____
___.

it is
very
expen
sive to
transp
ort
the
depos
it
elsew
here

those
count
ries
tend
to
keep
the
resour

we
pass
laws
imme
diatel
y
banni
ng the
use of
fossil
fuels

we
pass
laws
imme
diatel
y
banni
ng the
explor
ation
and
devel
opme
nt of
furthe
r
fossil
fuel
resour
ces

we
encou
rage,
with
subsi
dies,
tax
rebate
s, and
grants
, the
rapid
devel
opme
nt and
wides
pread

the
devel
opme
nt of
the
marke
t in a
new
count
ry

the
remed
iation
and
reloca
tion

the
initial
loggin
g
B
Diff:
1
19.5
Enviro
nmenta
l
impact
s of
fossil
fuel
use

Alask
ans
benefi
t from
the
transAlask
a
pipeli
ne
becau
se

is
used
for
social
infrast
ructur
e,
such
as
hospit
als,
roads,
and
school
s
C
Diff:
1
19.6
Politica
l,
social,
econom
ic
impact
s of
fossil
fuel
use

Energ
y
conse
rvatio
n in
the
Unite
d
States
_____
___.

beca
me a
nation
al
policy
in the
1970s
follow
ing
the
OPEC
embar
go
and
contin
ues
today

is not
impor
tant to
most
citize
ns
and is
not
suppo
rted
by
federa
l
guidel
ines

has

is
unlike
ly to
ever
occur

can be
accom
plishe
d by
chang
es in
tax
laws

will
be a
reality
only if
there
is
anoth
er
major
war

can be
impro
ved as
indivi
duals
make
consci
ous
choice
s to
reduc
e
perso
nal
consu
mptio
n
E
Diff:
1
19.7

replac
ing
mass
transit
with
more
and
larger
roads
for
cars
and
trucks

repeal
ing
the
Law
of
Entro
py
A
Diff:
1
19.7
Strateg
ies for
conser
ving
energy

The
energ
y bill
passe
d by
the
U.S.
Congr
ess in
2005
_____
___.

prima
rily
focuse

E
Diff:
2
19.7
Strateg
ies for
conser
ving
energy

Many
devel
oped
nation
s have
their
econo
mies
closel
y tied
to
impor
ted
fossil
fuels.
One
impor
tant
consi
derati
on is
that
_____
___.

the
econo
my
can be
disru
pted
by the
decisi
ons
made
in fuel
expor
ting
nation
s

the
econo
my
will
only
impro
ve if

the
resulti
ng
carbo
nic
acid
leads
to
acid
rain

the
greate
st
enviro
nmen
tal
impac
t is
the
impac
t on
the
ozone
layer

the
greate
st
enviro
nmen
tal
impac
t is
increa
sed
green
house
gases

the
greate
st
enviro
nmen
tal
impac
t is
the

been
the
target
of
severa
l bills
now
pendi
ng in
Congr
ess

doubl
ed
since
the
2004
electi
on
B
Diff:
2
19.7
Strateg
ies for
conser
ving
energy

Organ
izatio
ns
like
OPEC
have
forme
d
_____
___.

in
order
to
take
maxi
mum
advan

A
Diff:
2
19.6
Politica
l,
social,
econom
ic
impact
s of
fossil
fuel
use

U.S.
oil
produ
ction
_____
___.

is
contin
uing
to
increa
se as
dema
nd
decre
ases

is
suffici
ent to
meet
nation
al
needs
thank
s to
major
conse
rvatio
n
efforts

peake
d out
years
ago,
requir
ing
impor
ts of
more
than
60%
of
petrol
eum

Você também pode gostar