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ICDS12
International Conference DURABLE STRUCTURES: from construction to rehabilitation

LNEC Lisbon Portugal 31 May - 1 June 2012
DURABLE STRUCTURES
12
LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012
LOAD BEARING BEHAVIOUR OF POST INSTALLED ANCHOR SYSTEMS IN

CRACKED CONCRETE UNDER TENSION LOADING
Eduardo Teixeira (Hilti Portugal)
IC
DS
Jrg Appl (Hilti Corp., Schaan, Principality of Liechtenstein)
Eduardo Teixeira | Dep. Engenharia | Hilti Portugal
DURABLE STRUCTURES
0. AGENDA
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1. INTRODUCTION
2. ANCHOR SYSTEMS AND LEGISLATION
3. CRACKED CONCRETE
4. LOAD TRANSFER MECHANISMS

4.1. MECHANICAL INTERLOCK
4.2. EXPANSION
4.3. BOND
4.3.1 TORQUE CONTROLLED BONDED ANCHORS

5. CONCLUSIONS
ICDS12
DURABLE STRUCTURES
1. INTRODUCTION
Columns
DS
Beams
12
Reinforcement
IC
Tension Cables
DURABLE STRUCTURES
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1. INTRODUCTION
For a safe design of post-installed

anchorages the first step is the
correct definition of the base material
and the acting loads
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DURABLE STRUCTURES
12
2. ANCHOR SYSTEMS AND LEGISLATION
DS
Post Installed Anchor systems transfer applied loads to the base material in various ways;
The design is covered by the Guideline for European Technical Approval (ETAG) for the
member states of the European Union
Approved anchors have their intended use shown in the respectively valid
European Technical Approval (ETA)
IC
The anchor may be anchored in cracked and non-cracked concrete.
DURABLE STRUCTURES
3. CRACKED CONCRETE
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In the design of tension components, a cracked tension zone is assumed because concrete
possesses relatively low tensile strength
Eligehausen, R.; Mallee, R.; Silva, J.F. (2006)
Wider widths
cracks resulting
under maximum
permissible
loads
are expected
to reach
Crack
from primarily
quasi service
permanent
loads
do not exceed
w95%
~ 0.5mm
0.3mm to 0.4mm
the
value
of w95%to~0.6mm
There is a relatively high

likelihood that cracks will
intersect the anchor location
Eligehausen, R.; Mallee, R.; Silva, J.F. (2006)
ICDS12
DURABLE STRUCTURES
12
Hilti undercut anchor HDA
Undercut Anchor
Headed Stud
Post-Installed
Cast-in-place anchor
IC
ETA - 99/0009 :
Intended use;
Cracked and Non-Cracked
Concrete
DS
DURABLE STRUCTURES
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Rotationally symmetric
stress pattern around
the anchor
Reduction of
failure load in
cracked concrete
Non-cracked
Disturbance of the
rotational stress
field
cracked
Eligehausen, R.; et al. (2006)
~25 % reduction
compared to noncracked concrete
ICDS12
DURABLE STRUCTURES
Hilti Torque Controlled

expansion anchor HSL-3
Expansion Anchor
Post Installed
IC
ETA - 02/0042 :
Intended use;
Concrete
DS
4.2. EXPANSION
12
DURABLE STRUCTURES
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4.2. EXPANSION
Hilti Torque Controlled

expansion anchor HSL-3
ETA - 02/0042 :
Intended use;
Concrete
Load resistance is similar to that observed for

headed studs but with higher displacements
~30% reduction in cracked concrete
Expansion anchors not suitable for

applications in cracked concrete can exhibit
uncontrolled slip i.e. develop follow-up
expansion only after significant displacement
ICDS12
DURABLE STRUCTURES
Hilti HY 200 + Threaded

Rod
ETA 11/0493
Intended use;
Concrete
DS
4.3. BOND
12
Bonded Anchor
IC
Post Installed
DURABLE STRUCTURES
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4.3. BOND
Hilti HY 200 + Threaded

Rod
ETA 11/0493
Intended use;
Concrete
Bond Strength is primarily a function of;

Type of Mortar
Hole Cleaning
Condition of borehole (Dry, Wet)
Drilling Process
Temperature
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DURABLE STRUCTURES
4.3. BOND
Ratio of tension failure loads for bonded anchors
12
DS
Tests were conducted using various mortar types
Anchors were loaded to failure with cracks open while pullout

failure occurred
The anchor capacity in cracked concrete with a crack width of

w= 0.3mm to 0.4mm is on average about 50%
However there was a scatter of results because it was not
distinguished between the individual behavior of the mortars
IC
Eligehausen/Malle/Rehm (1984)
Meszaros (2001)
DURABLE STRUCTURES
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4.3. BOND
Due to high tensile strength of the mortar, crack opening after

anchor installation results in a redirection of the crack around
the anchor along the interface between mortar and concrete,
effectively causing bond loss on one side of the anchor
Assuming that the crack trajectory occurs over the full
embedment depth, the bond capacity is theoretically 50% of
the capacity in non-cracked concrete
Investigations in Appl. J (2008) indicate that this

assumption is not generally valid
(Eligehausen/Malle (2000))
The mortar system influences the crack trajectory
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DURABLE STRUCTURES
12
Bond Strength of the mortar
Hilti HY 200 + HIT-Z

Helix Rod
DS
Torque
Moment
Mechanical interlock
Compression forces are

created along the helix
when subjected to tension
forces
IC
ETA 12/0006
Intended use;
Concrete
DURABLE STRUCTURES
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Bond Strength of the mortar
Torque
Moment

Helix Rod
ETA 12/0006
Intended use;
Concrete
Mechanical interlock
Compression forces are

created along the helix
when subjected to tension
forces
ICDS12
DURABLE STRUCTURES
12
DS
ETA 12/0006 Annex 8: Characteristic values of resistance under tension loads

Helix Rod
ETA 12/0006
Intended use;
Concrete
IC
For this particular system, accordingly to valid ETA 12/0006, the

bond capacity in cracked concrete has a reduction of 10 %
DURABLE STRUCTURES
5. CONCLUSIONS
When designing tensile components in monolithic structures, specially in rehabilitation

projects, cracked concrete has to be assumed
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For undercut anchors installed in cracked concrete (with mechanical interlock), there is a
known decrease of the tension resistance of ~25%.
Expansion anchors can have a considerable displacement but the resistance of approved
anchors is reduced ~30%
Bonded Anchors have an outstanding performance but their resistance to tension loading
depends on various parameters, among them the characteristic bond resistance of the
mortar
Accordingly to EOTA there are now available anchorage systems approved for cracked
concrete that only have a reduction of 10% of the value of characteristic bond resistance in
non-cracked concrete, which can increase considerable the overall resistance of the fixture
ICDS12
DURABLE STRUCTURES
12
IC
DS
Thank you for your attention!
LNE
C

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ICDS12

International Conference DURABLE STRUCTURES: from construction to rehabilitation

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

LOAD BEARING BEHAVIOUR OF POST INSTALLED ANCHOR SYSTEMS IN

Jrg Appl (Hilti Corp., Schaan, Principality of Liechtenstein)

Eduardo Teixeira | Dep. Engenharia | Hilti Portugal

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

4. LOAD TRANSFER MECHANISMS

4.3.1 TORQUE CONTROLLED BONDED ANCHORS

Eduardo Teixeira | Dep. Engenharia | Hilti Portugal

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

Eduardo Teixeira | Dep. Engenharia | Hilti Portugal

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

For a safe design of post-installed

Eduardo Teixeira | Dep. Engenharia | Hilti Portugal

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

2. ANCHOR SYSTEMS AND LEGISLATION

The anchor may be anchored in cracked and non-cracked concrete.

Eduardo Teixeira | Dep. Engenharia | Hilti Portugal

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

Eligehausen, R.; Mallee, R.; Silva, J.F. (2006)

There is a relatively high

Eligehausen, R.; Mallee, R.; Silva, J.F. (2006)

Eduardo Teixeira | Dep. Engenharia | Hilti Portugal

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

4. LOAD TRANSFER MECHANISMS

Hilti undercut anchor HDA

4.1. MECHANICAL INTERLOCK

Eduardo Teixeira | Dep. Engenharia | Hilti Portugal

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

4. LOAD TRANSFER MECHANISMS

4.1. MECHANICAL INTERLOCK

Eduardo Teixeira | Dep. Engenharia | Hilti Portugal

Eligehausen, R.; et al. (2006)

Hilti Torque Controlled

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

Eduardo Teixeira | Dep. Engenharia | Hilti Portugal

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

4. LOAD TRANSFER MECHANISMS

Hilti Torque Controlled

Eduardo Teixeira | Dep. Engenharia | Hilti Portugal

Load resistance is similar to that observed for

Expansion anchors not suitable for

Hilti HY 200 + Threaded

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

Eduardo Teixeira | Dep. Engenharia | Hilti Portugal

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

4. LOAD TRANSFER MECHANISMS

Hilti HY 200 + Threaded

Eduardo Teixeira | Dep. Engenharia | Hilti Portugal

Bond Strength is primarily a function of;

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

Tests were conducted using various mortar types

Anchors were loaded to failure with cracks open while pullout

The anchor capacity in cracked concrete with a crack width of

Eduardo Teixeira | Dep. Engenharia | Hilti Portugal

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

4. LOAD TRANSFER MECHANISMS

Due to high tensile strength of the mortar, crack opening after

Investigations in Appl. J (2008) indicate that this

The mortar system influences the crack trajectory

Eduardo Teixeira | Dep. Engenharia | Hilti Portugal

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012