Chapter 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the research design, the research subjects, the data gathering
instruments and data gathering procedures used and the statistical tools for the
quantitative analysis and interpretation of data.
RESEARCH DESIGN
The descriptive method of research using the normative survey will employ in the
study to determine the level Adherence to Ethical Standards of the local government
Employees of Western Pangasinan. The descriptive method of research is the most
appropriate as it ascertains prevailing conditions of facts in a group or case under study.
Comparisons between the three classes of municipality of local government employees
will likewise made to determine if there are significant differences in their perceptions.
Descriptive research contributes much to the formulation of principles and
generalizations in behavioral and social sciences. This kind of research contributes much
to the establishment of standard norms of conduct, behavior or performance. Normative
standards are based on what are prevalent (Calderon and Gonzales, 2005).
Normative investigation seeks to evaluate the adherence to ethical standards of
local government employees in western Pangasinan.

Research Sampling
The research subjects in this study will be the local government employees in
Western Pangasinan composed of department heads which includes municipal treasurer,
assessor, accountant, engineer, budget officer, human resources management officer,
planning & development officer, civil registrar while the rank and file includes
employees under the supervision of the department heads including those devolved
agencies under Republic Act 7160 known as Local Government Code of 1991 such as
those employed in Municipal and Social Welfare Development, Municipal Health Office,
and Municipal Agriculture Office in the municipalities of Aguilar, Burgos, and Bolinao in
northern part of Western Pangasinan. There were 311 local government career employees
as of calendar year 2013 - 2014
The stratification will be based on municipality in order to insure a proportionate
distribution of samples.
It was determined early on that 80% of the number of local career government
employees in Burgos, Aguilar and Bolinao will be subjected to the survey using a
questionnaire to ensure large sample. The three municipalities also represent different
classes: Burgos being a fourth class municipality, Bolinao, a first class municipality,
and Aguilar, a third class municipality. The table no. 1 shows the actual number of local
government employees of the selected municipalities and the corresponding share
intended for the survey.

Table 1
Actual number of Local Government Employees
and the Proportionate Share for the Three Municipalities

Municipality

Total

80%

Bolinao (1st class)

128

102

Aguilar (3rd class)

126

101

Burgos (4th class)

57

45

Total

311

248

With this approximated figure, the researcher distributed the questionnaire and
collected necessary information from the municipalities in consideration. A total of 248
employees was interviewed and was considered in the analysis.

DATA GATHERING INSTRUMENT

In this study, data gathering device was the questionnaire, the first part of the
questionnaire will solicit the personal profile of the respondents. The second part of the
research tool will elicit data on the perceptions and level of adherence to ethical standards
of local government employees.

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

After establishing the validity and reliability of the instrument, the final draft was
prepared. Prior to administering the questionnaire, the administrative approvals of the
Schools Division Superintendents of Pangasinan I to conduct the survey was obtained.
Likewise, the cooperation and permission of the respondents was sought. After
permission was granted, the questionnaires with a corresponding cover letter were
administered to the respondents. The cover letter contained the purpose of the study, the
study, an assurance that delicate information would be held in confidence. After the
retrieval of the questionnaires, the data gathered were tallied, collated and statistically
treated.
TREATMENT OF DATA
The level of observance of the Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public
Officials and Employees was described by using the rating scale mean and interpreted by
using the descriptive ratings of the scale as follows:
Scale Mean

Descriptive Rating

4.51 5.00

Very High

3.51 4.50

High

2.51 3.50

Average

1.51 2.50

Low

1.00 1.50

Very low

The frequency of commission of problems pertaining to the insufficient

implementation of the Code was tallied from the checklist and described by using the
frequency counts and percentage. The problems were tallied according to their frequency
of commission using the following scale.
Scale Mean

Descriptive Rating

4.51 5.00

Very Serious

3.51 4.50

Serious

2.51 3.50

Moderately Serious

1.51 2.50

Slightly Serious

1.00 1.50

Not Serious

The significance of the difference between the perceptions of the level of

adherence to ethical standards of local government employees will be determined by
using the independent t-test.
Likewise the significance of the difference between the perceptions of the level of
effectiveness of the measures undertaken to improve the conduct and ethical standards of
the officials was determined by using the t-test for independent samples.

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