Philosopher

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Aphilosopher,inabroadsense,issomeonewhostudies
philosophy.Theword"philosopher"comesfromtheAncient
Greek(philosophos),whichmeans"loverofwisdom".
Theintroductionoftheterms"philosopher"and"philosophy"has
beenascribedtotheGreekthinkerPythagoras.[1]
Aphilosopher,inthemorenarrowandcommonusage,isany
intellectualwhohasmadecontributionsinoneormorecurrent
fieldsofphilosophy,suchasaesthetics,ethics,epistemology,logic,
metaphysics,socialtheory,andpoliticalphilosophy.Aphilosopher
mayalsobeonewhoworkedinthehumanitiesorothersciences
whichhavesincesplitfromphilosophyproperoverthecenturies,
suchasthearts,history,economics,sociology,psychology,
linguistics,anthropology,theology,andpolitics.[2]Theymayrelate
thisknowledgetothediscussionofphilosophicalproblems.

TheSchoolofAthens,byRaphael,depictingthe
centralfiguresofPlatoandAristotle,andother
ancientphilosophersexchangingknowledge.

Intheclassicalsense,aphilosopherissomeonewholivesaccordingtoawayoflife,whosefocusisuponresolving
existentialquestionsaboutthehumancondition.Typically,theseparticularbrandsofphilosophyareHellenisticones
andthosewhomostarduouslycommitthemselvestothislifestylemaybeconsideredaphilosopher.Anexampleofthe
expectedstandardsofthisdefinitionisMarcusAurelius,whoiswidelyregardedasaphilosopherinthemodernsense,
butpersonallyrefusestocallhimselfbysuchatitle,sincehehadadutytoliveasanemperor.[3]
Inbothdefinitions,philosophersaddressthesequestionsthroughcritical,systematicandreasonedapproaches.

Contents
1Modernacademia
2Womeninphilosophy
3Prizesinphilosophy
4References

Modernacademia
Inthemodernera,thoseattainingadvanceddegreesinphilosophyoftenchoosetostayincareerswithinthe
educationalsystem.Accordingtoa1993studybytheNationalResearchCouncil(asreportedbytheAmerican
PhilosophicalAssociation),77.1%ofthe7,900holdersofaPh.D.inphilosophywhorespondedwereemployedin
educationalinstitutions(academia).Nonacademicphilosopherscanemploytheirskillsinagreatnumberofother
careers,suchasmedicine,bioethics,business,publishing,freelancewriting,media,andlaw.[4]

Womeninphilosophy

Historically,philosophyhasbeendominatedbymalethinkers.Thishasbecomelesstrueinthemoderneraasmore
womenenterthefield,andsomefemalephilosophershavecometoprominence,suchasMarilynMcCordAdams,
PatriciaChurchland,AynRand,ElizabethAnscombe,andSusanHaack.

Prizesinphilosophy
ProminentprizesinPhilosophyincludetheAvicennaPrize,theKyotoPrizeinArtsandPhilosophyandtheRolf
SchockPrizes.

References
1. ^(http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=filo/sofos).Liddell,Henry
GeorgeScott,RobertAGreekEnglishLexiconatthePerseusProject
2. ^Shook,JohnR.,ed.(2010).DictionaryofModernAmericanphilosophers
(http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199754663.001.0001/acref9780199754663miscMatter0004)
(onlineed.).NewYork:OxfordUniversityPress.p.Introduction.doi:10.1093/acref/9780199754663.001.0001
(http://dx.doi.org/10.1093%2Facref%2F9780199754663.001.0001).ISBN9780199754663.OCLC686766412
(https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/686766412).(subscriptionrequired(help))."Thelabelofphilosopherhasbeenbroadlyapplied
inthisDictionarytointellectualswhohavemadephilosophicalcontributionsregardlessofacademiccareerorprofessional
title.ThewidescopeofphilosophicalactivityacrossthetimespanofthisDictionarywouldnowbeclassedamongthevarious
humanitiesandsocialscienceswhichgraduallyseparatedfromphilosophyoverthelastonehundredandfiftyyears.Many
figuresincludedwerenotacademicphilosophersbutdidworkatthephilosophicalfoundationsofsuchfieldsaspedagogy,
rhetoric,thearts,history,politics,economics,sociology,psychology,linguistics,anthropology,religion,andtheology.
Philosophyproperisheavilyrepresented,ofcourse,encompassingthetraditionalareasofmetaphysics,ontology,
epistemology,logic,ethics,social/politicaltheory,andaesthetics,alongwiththenarrowerfieldsofphilosophyofscience,
philosophyofmind,philosophyoflanguage,philosophyoflaw,appliedethics,philosophyofreligion,andsoforth"
3. ^(https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Meditations#THE_EIGHTH_BOOK)Meditations8.1Wikisource
4. ^APACommitteeonNonAcademicCareers(June1999)."Anonacademiccareer?"(http://www.apaonline.org/?
page=nonacademic)(3rded.).AmericanPhilosophicalAssociation.RetrievedMay24,2014.

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