Solved Assignments

CVEN 444
Assignment 4
due 6/16/03
The assignment will be review problems and will not be covered in class. You
will need to show free-body diagrams, use an engineering format and be neat!
Problem 1
For the beam cross-section shown, determine
whether the failure of the beam will be initiated by
crushing of concrete or yielding of steel.
a)
b)
fc = 3500 psi As = 9 in2

fc =7500 psi As = 4.5 in2
Also determine whether the section satisfies ACI

Code requirement
a)
Assume that fy = 60 ksi, fc =3.5 ksi, As =9 in2 1= 0.85
Solve using equilibrium
C =T
a=
As f y
0.85f cb
( 9 in ) ( 60 ksi )
2
0.85 ( 3.5 ksi )(14 in.)
= 12.97 in.
Compute c
c=
12.97 in.
= 15.25 in.
0.85
Check the c/d ratio
c 15.25 in.
=
= 0.598 >/ 0.6
d 25.5 in.
therefore, the beam is transition zone, the steel will yield

before the concrete crushes..
Check the min of the beam
As
9.0 in 2
=
= 0.0252
bd (14 in.)( 25.5 in.)
Compute the minimum
min
200
200
f = 60000 = 0.00333
y
=
3 f c = 3 3500 = 0.00296
fy
60000
0.00333
0.0252 > 0.00333 satisfies the ACI code.
b)
Assume fy = 60 ksi, fc =7.5 ksi, As =4.5 in2
Compute the 1 value.
f c 4000
1000
7500 4000
= 0.85 0.05
= 0.675
1000
1 = 0.85 0.05

C =T
a=
As f y
0.85f cb
( 4.5 in ) ( 60 ksi )
2
0.85 ( 7.5 ksi )(14 in.)
= 3.03 in.
Compute c
c=
3.03 in.
= 4.48 in.
0.675
Check the c/d ratio
therefore, tension controlled the steel before concrete

c 4.48 in.
=
= 0.176 < 0.375 crushes.
d 25.5 in.
As
4.5 in 2
=
= 0.0126
bd (14 in.)( 25.5 in.)
Compute the minimum
min
200
200
f = 60000 = 0.00333
y
=
3 f c = 3 7500 = 0.00433
fy
60000
0.00433
Problem 2
Calculate the nominal moment strength of the beam
a)
b)
fc = 4500 psi
fc =7000 psi
Also determine whether the section satisfies ACI Code requirement.

a) Singly reinforced beam fy = 60 ksi, fc =4.5 ksi, As =4(1.0 in2 ) =4.0 in2
f c 4000
1000
4500 4000
= 0.85 0.05
= 0.825
1000
1 = 0.85 0.05

C =T
a=
As f y
0.85f cb
( 4 in ) ( 60 ksi )
2
0.85 ( 4.5 ksi )(12 in.)
= 5.23 in.
Compute c
c=
5.23 in.
= 6.34 in.
0.825
Check the c/d ratio

c 6.34 in.
therefore, tension controlled =0.9
=
= 0.309 < 0.375
d 20.5 in.

As
4 in 2
=
=
= 0.0163
bd (12 in.)( 20.5 in.)
Compute the minimum, min
min
200
200
f = 60000 = 0.00333
y
=
3 f c = 3 4500 = 0.00335
fy
60000
0.00335

Compute the nominal moment
a
M n = As f y d
2
5.23 in.
= ( 4 in 2 ) ( 60 ksi ) 20.5 in.

= 4292.4 k-in
2
Mu = Mn
= 0.9 ( 4292.4 k-in ) = 3863.16 k-in
b) Singly reinforced beam fy = 60 ksi, fc =7 ksi, As =4(1.0 in2 ) =4.0 in2
Compute the 1 value.
f c 4000
1000
7000 4000
= 0.85 0.05
= 0.70
1000
1 = 0.85 0.05

C =T
a=
As f y
0.85f cb
( 4 in ) ( 60 ksi )
2
0.85 ( 7 ksi )(12 in.)
= 3.36 in.
Compute c
3.36 in.
= 4.80 in.
1
0.7
Check the c/d ratio
c=
c 4.80 in.
=
= 0.234 < 0.375
d 20.5 in.
The does not change due to the increase in the strength of the concrete so = 0.0163
Compute the minimum, min
min
200
200
f = 60000 = 0.00333
y
=
3 f c = 3 7000 = 0.00418
fy
60000
0.00418

a
M n = As f y d
2
3.36 in.
= ( 4 in 2 ) ( 60 ksi ) 20.5 in.

= 4516.8 k-in
2
Mu = Mn
= 0.9 ( 4516.8 k-in ) = 4065.12 k-in
b)For the l-beam use fy = 60 ksi, fc =4.5 ksi, As =6(0.79 in2 )= 4.74 in2 and 1 = 0.825.
Assume that the 12-in section is going to work, however if it does not need to use area
concrete = 4-in.*12-in. +16-in.*x Solve using equilibrium
C =T
a=
As f y
0.85f cb
( 4.74 in ) ( 60 ksi )
2
0.85 ( 4.5 ksi )(12 in.)
= 6.20 in.
Therefore, the uniform distributed load extends beyond the 4 in segment, so rework the
problem.
T =C
As f y = 0.85 f c ( 4 in.)(12 in.) + 0.85 f c ( x )(16 in.)
x=
As f y 0.85 f c ( 4 in.)(12 in.)

0.85f c (16 in.)
( 4.74 in ) ( 60 ksi ) 0.85 ( 4.5 ksi ) ( 4 in.)(12 in.)

=
2
0.85 ( 4.5 ksi )(16 in.)
= 1.65 in.
Compute c
a = 4.0 in. + 1.65 in. = 5.65 in.
a 5.65 in.
c=
=
= 6.85 in.
1 0.825
Check the c/d ratio
c 6.85 in.
therefore, tension controlled =0.9.
=
= 0.304 < 0.375
d 22.5 in.
Check the min of the beam, (use the larger value of b to give a smaller )
As
4.74 in 2
=
= 0.0132
bd (16 in.)( 22.5 in.)
So =0.0132 > 0.00335 so it satisfies the ACI standards.
Compute the nominal moment can be done by either solving for location of the center of
the compression zone to compute the moment or break the moment into two sections one
for the (4 in.)(12 in.) area and the other for (1.65 in.) (16 in.) area.
a
a
M n = 0.85 f c Ac1 d 1 + 0.85 f c Ac2 d 2

2
2
4.0 in.
= 0.85 ( 4.5 ksi )( 4 in.)(12 in.) 22.5 in.
1.65 in.
+0.85 ( 4.5 ksi )(1.65 in.)(16 in.) 22.5 in. 4.0 in. +
= 3763.8 k-in. + 1784.8 k-in.

= 5548.6 k-in.
Mu = Mn
= 0.9 ( 5548.6 k-in.) = 4993.8 k-in
b)For an L-beam use fy = 60 ksi, fc =7 ksi, As =6(0.79 in2 )= 4.74 in2 and 1 =0.7.
Assume that the 12-in section is going to work, however if it does not need to use area
concrete = 4-in.*12-in. +16-in.*x Solve using equilibrium
C =T
a=
As f y
0.85f cb
( 4.74 in ) ( 60 ksi )
=
2
0.85 ( 7 ksi )(12 in.)
= 3.98 in.
Compute c
3.98 in.
= 5.69 in.
1
0.7
Check the c/d ratio
c=
a <4 in. therefore using b=12-in. is ok.
c 5.69 in.
therefore, tension controlled =0.9.
=
= 0.253 < 0.375
d 22.5 in.
As
4.74 in 2
=
= 0.0176
bd (12 in.)( 22.5 in.)
So =0.0176 > 0.00418 so it satisfies the ACI standards.

a
M n = As f y d
2
3.98 in.
= ( 4.74 in 2 ) ( 60 ksi ) 22.5 in.

= 5833.0 k-in.
2
Mu = Mn
= 0.9 ( 5833.0 k-in.) = 5249.7 k-in
Problem 3
Calculate the safe distributed load intensity that the beam can carry. Assume that the
only dead load is the weight of the beam (use 150 lb/ ft3). Solve for a distributed load for
the live load.
wu = 1.2wDL + 1.6 wLL
Use
fc = 4000 psi
fy =60000 psi
fy = 60 ksi, fc =4 ksi, As =4(1.0 in2 ) =4.0 in2 1 =0.85

C =T
a=
As f y
0.85f cb
( 4 in ) ( 60 ksi )
2
0.85 ( 4 ksi )(12 in.)
= 5.88 in.
Compute c
a 5.88 in.
c=
=
= 6.92 in.
1
0.85
Check the c/d ratio
c 6.92 in.
=
= 0.308 < 0.375
d 22.5 in.

As
4 in 2
=
=
= 0.0148
bd (12 in.)( 22.5 in.)
Compute the minimum
200
200
f = 60000 = 0.00333
y
min =
0.00333
3 f c = 3 4000 = 0.00316
fy
60000

a
M n = As f y d
2
5.88 in.
= ( 4 in 2 ) ( 60 ksi ) 22.5 in.

= 4694.4 k-in
2
Mu = Mn
= 0.9 ( 4694.4 k-in ) = 4224.96 k-in
Compute the maximum moment.
8M
wl 2
w= 2u
l
8
8 ( 4224.96 k-in )
w=
= 0.4075 k/in. w = 4.89 k/ft
2
12 in
24 ft 1 ft
Mu =
Assume that the load is a live load and the dead load is
2
1 ft
DL = 0.15 k/ft 3 (12 in.)( 25 in.)
12 in.
= 0.3125 k/ft.
Compute live load
wu 1.2wDL
1.6
4.89 k/ft. 1.2 ( 0.3125 k/ft )
wLL =
= 2.822 k/ft
1.6
wu = 1.2wDL + 1.6wLL wLL =
CVEN 444
Assignment 5
due 6/18/03
The assignment will be review problems and will not be covered in class.
You will need to show free-body diagrams, use an engineering format and
be neat!
Compute the stresses in the compression steel, fs, for the cross-sections. Compute the
nominal moment strength and determine the reduction factor for determining the ultimate
moment.
fc = 5000 psi
fy =60000 psi
a)
fy = 60 ksi, fc =5 ksi, As =3(1.0 in2 ) =3.0 in2 As =2(0.31 in2 ) =0.62 in2
f 4000
1 = 0.85 0.05 c
1000
5000 4000
= 0.85 0.05
= 0.80
1000
Assume the compression steel yields

A A) f
(
a=
s
0.85f cb
= 3.36 in.
( 3 in
=
0.62 in 2 ) ( 60 ksi )
0.85 ( 5 ksi )(10 in.)
Compute c
c=
3.36 in.
= 4.2 in.
0.8
Check the strain
c d
4.2 in. 2.5 in.
cu =
0.003 = 0.00121
4.2 in.
c
s =
Check the yield strain of steel is

f
60 ksi
y = y =
= 0.00207
Es 29000 ksi
Therefore 0.00121 is not greater than 0.00207 so the compression steel does not yield.
Use the equation for finding the c either by iterations or use
( c d )
As f y = As E s
cu + 0.85 f cb 1c
c

A E
(
c +
s
s cu
As f y
0.85 f cb1
) c A E
s
s cu
0.85 f cb1
=0
Plug in to the equation and solve the quadratic equation.
A E
(
0=c +
2
s cu
As f y
0.85 f cb 1
) c A E
s
0=c
0.85 f cb 1
( ( 0.62 in ) (87 ksi ) (3.00 in ) ( 60 ksi ) ) c

+
2
s cu
0.85 ( 5 ksi )(10 in.)( 0.8 )
( 0.62 in ) (87 ksi )( 2.5 in.)
0.85 ( 5 ksi )(10 in.)( 0.8 )
0 = c 2 3.70765c 3.96618
Solve using a quadratic equation
c=
=
b b 2 4ac
2a
3.70765
c = 4.575 in.
( 3.70765)
2
4 ( 3.96618 )
Check the stress fs

c d
fs = Es s =
cu
c
4.575 in. 2.5 in.
= ( 29000 ksi )
0.003
4.575 in.
= 39.46 ksi
As As
bd bd
3 in 2
0.62 in 2
=
= 0.0136
(10 in.)(17.5 in.) (10 in.)(17.5 in.)
eff = =
Compute the minimum

200
200
f = 60000 = 0.00333
y
min =
3 f c = 3 5000 = 0.00354
fy
60000
0.00354
Determine the c/d ratio

c 4.575 in.
=
= 0.2614 < 0.375
d 17.5 in.
therefore, the beam is in the tension region

and = 0.9

a
M n = As f y As f s d + As f s( d d )
2
0.8 ( 4.575 in.)

= ( 3 in 2 ) ( 60 ksi ) ( 0.62 in 2 ) ( 39.46 ksi ) 17.5 in.
+ ( 0.62 in 2 ) ( 39.46 ksi )(17.5 in. 2.5 in.)

= 2804.21 k-in.
Mu = Mn
= 0.9 ( 2804.21 k-in.) = 2523.8 k-in
b) For the doubly reinforced beam use fy = 60 ksi, fc =5 ksi, As =4(1.0 in2 ) =4.0 in2 As
=2(0.79 in2 ) =1.58 in2 and 1=0.8 Assume the compression steel yields
( A A) f
a=
s
( 4 in
=
1.58 in 2 ) ( 60 ksi )
0.85 ( 5 ksi )(12 in.)
0.85f cb
= 2.85 in.
Compute c
a 2.85 in.
c=
=
= 3.56 in.
1
0.8
Check the strain
c d
3.56 in. 2.5 in.
s =
cu =
0.003 = 0.00089
3.56 in.
c
Therefore 0.00089 is not greater than 0.00207 so the compression steel does not yield.
A E
(
0=c +
2
s cu
As f y
0.85 f cb 1
) c A E
s
0=c
0.85 f cb 1
((1.58 in ) (87 ksi ) ( 4.00 in ) ( 60 ksi ) ) c

+
2
s cu
0.85 ( 5 ksi )(12 in.)( 0.8 )
(1.58 in ) (87 ksi )( 2.5 in.)
0.85 ( 5 ksi )(12 in.)( 0.8 )
0 = c 2 2.51324c 8.42279
b b 2 4ac
c=
2a
=
2.51324
( 2.51324 )
4 ( 8.42279 )
c = 4.419 in.
Check the stress fs
c d
fs = Es s =
cu
c
4.419 in. 2.5 in.
= ( 29000 ksi )
0.003
4.419 in.
= 37.78 ksi

As As
bd bd
4 in 2
1.58 in 2
=
= 0.00938
(12 in.)( 21.5 in.) (12 in.)( 21.5 in.)
Compute the minimum
200
200
f = 60000 = 0.00333
y
min =
0.00354
3 f c = 3 5000 = 0.00354
fy
60000
eff = =

Determine the c/d ratio
c 4.419 in.
=
= 0.2055 < 0.375
d
21.5 in.
therefore, the beam is in the tension region

and = 0.9

a
M n = As f y As fs d + As fs( d d )
2
0.8 ( 4.419 in.)
= ( 4 in 2 ) ( 60 ksi ) (1.58 in 2 ) ( 37.78 ksi ) 21.5 in.
+ (1.58 in 2 ) ( 37.78 ksi )( 21.5 in. 2.5 in.)

= 4692.06 k-in.
Mu = Mn
= 0.9 ( 4692.06 k-in.) = 4222.9 k-in
CVEN 444
Assignment 6
due 6/20/03
The assignment will be review problems and will not be covered in class. Use an
engineering format and be neat!
For the given sections (a),(b) and (c) assume fc = 4000 psi and fy =60000 psi
1. At failure determine whether the precast section will act similar to a

rectangular section or as flanged section and check to see if the tension
steel has yielded
2. Check whether the section satisfy ACI requirement.
3. Calculate the nominal moment of the section
a) For the T-Beam, use fy = 60 ksi, fc =4 ksi, As =6(1.0 in2 ) =6.0 in2 1 =0.85
Assume a rectangular section so that b= 30 in.
a=
As f y
0.85f cb
( 6 in ) ( 60 ksi )
2
0.85 ( 4 ksi )( 30 in.)
= 3.53 in.
The a value is greater than 3 in. therefore the beam must be analyzed as T-beam.
T =C
As f y = 0.85f c ( beff bw ) hf + 0.85f cbw a
a=
As f y 0.85f c ( beff bw ) hf
0.85f cb
( 6 in ) ( 60 ksi ) 0.85 ( 4 ksi )( 30 in. 12 in.)( 3 in.)

=
2
0.85 ( 4 ksi )(12 in.)
= 4.324 in.
Compute c
4.324 in.
= 5.09 in.
1
0.85
Compute the c/d ratio
c=
c 5.09 in.
=
= 0.283 0.375 tension controlled = 0.9
d
18 in.
A
= s
bd
6 in 2
=
= 0.0111
(18 in.)( 30 in.)
Compute the minimum
200
200
=
= 0.00333
f
60000
y
min =
3 f c = 3 4000 = 0.00316
fy
60000
0.00333

h
M n = 0.85 f c ( beff bw ) hf d f
2
+ 0.85 f cbw a d
2
3.0 in.
= 0.85 ( 4.0 ksi )( 30 in. 12 in.)( 3 in.) 18 in.
4.324 in.
+0.85 ( 4.0 ksi )(12 in.)( 4.324 in.) 18 in.
= 3029.4 k-in. + 2794.1 k-in.

= 5823.5 k-in.
Mu = Mn
= 0.9 ( 5823.5 k-in.) = 5241.2 k-in.
Compute the L-Beam using fy = 60 ksi, fc =4 ksi, As =5(1.0 in2 ) =5.0 in2 1 =0.85
a=
As f y
0.85f cb
( 5 in ) ( 60 ksi )
2
0.85 ( 4 ksi )( 28 in.)
= 3.15 in.
The a value is greater than 3 in. therefore the beam must be analyzed as L-beam.
T =C
As f y = 0.85f c ( beff bw ) hf + 0.85f cbw a
a=
As f y 0.85f c ( beff bw ) hf
0.85f cb
( 5 in ) ( 60 ksi ) 0.85 ( 4 ksi )( 28 in. 15 in.)( 3 in.)

2
0.85 ( 4 ksi )(15 in.)
= 3.282 in.
Compute c
3.282 in.
= 3.86 in.
1
0.85
c=
c 3.86 in.
=
27 in.
d

A
= s
bd
5 in 2
=
= 0.0066
( 27 in.)( 28 in.)

h
M n = 0.85 f c ( beff bw ) hf d f
2
+ 0.85 f cbw a d
2
3.0 in.
= 0.85 ( 4.0 ksi )( 28 in. 15 in.)( 3 in.) 27 in.
3.282 in.
+0.85 ( 4.0 ksi )(15 in.)( 3.282 in.) 27 in.
= 3381.3 k-in. + 4244.6 k-in.

= 7625.9 k-in.
Mu = Mn
= 0.9 ( 7625.9 k-in.) = 6863.3 k-in.
Compute the L-Beam using fy = 60 ksi, fc =4 ksi, As =4(0.79 in2 ) =3.16 in2 1 =0.85
a=
As f y
0.85f cb
( 3.16 in ) ( 60 ksi )
=
2
0.85 ( 4 ksi )(18 in.)
= 3.10 in.
The a value is less than 3.5 in. therefore the beam must be analyzed as rectangular beam.
Compute c
a 3.10 in.
c=
=
= 3.64 in.
1
0.85
c 3.64 in.
=
d
18 in.
A
= s
bd
3.16 in 2
=
= 0.00975
(18 in.)(18 in.)

Treat it as a rectangular section and compute the nominal moment
a
M n = ( As f y ) d
2
3.10 in.
= ( 3.16 in 2 ) ( 60 ksi ) 18 in.
= 3118.9 k-in.
Mu = Mn
= 0.9 ( 3118.9 k-in.) = 2807.0 k-in.
CVEN 444
Assignment 7
due 6/23/03
1) What is the minimum thickness of a ribbed one-way slab, if one end is continuous
and length is 18 ft?
From table 9.5 a from ACI for a continuous slab
12 in.
18 ft
l
1 ft
=
= 11.68 in. Use 12.0 in.
18.5
18.5
2) What is the pattern loading to obtain the maximum moment at 1 (center of the beam)
for uniform dead load, wD, and a uniform live load, wL. Use the first figure to draw
the qualitative influence lines and the second figure to show the loading pattern.
3) What is the pattern loading to obtain the maximum shear at 2 (center of the beam) for
uniform dead load, wD, and a uniform live load, wL. Use the first figure to draw the
qualitative influence lines and the second figure to show the loading pattern.
4. Determine beff , if bw =10 in., L1 = 7 ft, and L2 = 24 ft. and hf = 4 in. for both the
spandrel beam(L-beam and T-beam)
For the spandrel beam (From 8.10.3 ACI code)

12 in.
24 ft
L
1 ft + 10 in. = 34 in.
beff
+ bw =
12
12
6hf + bw = 6 ( 4 in.) + 10 in. = 34 in.
bactual
Use 34 in.
clear distance
= bw + 0.5*
= 10 in. +
to next web
12 in.
7 ft
1 ft = 52 in.
2
For the T beam

12 in.
24 ft
L
1 ft = 72 in.
beff
=
4
4
16hf + bw = 16 ( 4 in.) + 10 in. = 74 in.
bactual
Use 52 in.
12 in.
7 ft
clear distance
1 ft = 52 in.
= bw + 0.5*
=
10
in.
+
2
to next web
5. Design the eight-span east west in figure. A typical 1-ft wide design strip is
shaded. A partial section through this strip is shown. The beams are assumed to
be 14 in. wide. The concrete strength is 4500 psi and the reinforcement strength
is 60 ksi. The live load is 140 psf and dead load of 80 psf.
Compute the 1 value for the concrete
4500 4000
= 0.825
1000
1 = 0.85 0.05
Design for 1-ft wide strip, as if it were a singly reinforced section From table 9.5a
12 in.
18 ft
l
1 ft. = 9.0 in. for an external bay
=
24
24
12 in.
18 ft
l
1 ft. = 7.7 in. for an internal bay
=
28
28
Use a h = 9 in. and assume that d ~8 in. (0.75-in cover and use a #4 bar d =0.5-in.)
Compute self-weight of the beam
1 ft.
1 ft.
3
wself = bh = (12 in.)
( 9 in.)
( 0.15 k/ft )
12
in.
12
in.
= 0.1125 k/ft
Compute the moment action on the beam or 1 ft strip.
wu = 1.2 wDL + 1.6 wLL = 1.2 ( 0.080 k/ft + 0.1125 k/ft ) + 1.6 ( 0.140 k/ft )
= 0.455 k/ft
w l 2 ( 0.455 k/ft )(18 ft.)
Mu = u =
10
10
= 14.742 k-ft. 176.9 k-in.
Assume the steel is tension controlled.

Mn
176.9 k-in.
0.9
= 196.56 k-in.
Mn =
Assume that d-a/2 ~0.9d =0.9(8 in.) = 7.2 in. Solve for As
a
Mn
M n = As f y d As =
a
2
fy d
2
196.56 k-in.
As =
( 60 ksi )( 7.2 in.)
= 0.455 in 2
Use 0.455 in2 per 1 ft strip. Check the minimum amount of steel
min
200
200
f = 60000 = 0.00333
y
=
3 f c = 3 4500 = 0.003354
fy
60000
0.003354
The area of steel min*bd=0.003354*(12-in)(8-in) = 0.322 in2 therefore we will need to

use 0.455 in2 per 1 ft strip. Use #5 bar, which will result in a d=9 in-(0.75 in cover +
0.625 in/2) =7.93 in. The spacing between bars is
A
As
A
= b s = b (12 in.)
12 in. s
As
0.31 in 2
s=
12 in.)
2 (
0.455 in
= 8.17 in. Use s= 8 in.
Compute a with As = 0.31 in2 * (12 in./8 in.) = 0.465 in2 per foot
a=
As f y
0.85f cb
( 0.465 in ) ( 60 ksi )
2
0.85 ( 4.5 ksi )(12 in.)
= 0.608 in.
Compute c
a 0.608 in.
=
= 0.74 in.
c=
1
0.825
The c/d = 0.74 in/7.93 in = 0.093 < 0.375, therefore tension controlled and = 0.9
Compute Mn for the strip.
a
M n = ( As f y ) d
2
0.608 in.
= ( 0.465 in 2 ) ( 60 ksi ) 7.93 in.
= 212.77 k-in. 196.56 k-in. OK!

Check the thermal and shrinkage reinforcement requirement These bars are
perpendicular to the reinforcements for the one-way slab development.
As = 0.0018bh = 0.0018 (12 in.)( 9 in.) = 0.1944 in 2
Use 0.194 in2 per 1 ft strip. The maximum allowable spacing is

5h = 5 ( 9 in.) = 45 in.
smax =
18 in.
18 in.
Compute the spacing for the thermal bars using #4 bars
0.2 in 2
12 in.)
s=
2 (
0.194 in
= 12.35 in. Use s= 12.0 in.
Use #4 bar at 12.0 in spacing.
CVEN 444
Assignment 8
due 6/25/03
1. For the beam create a envelope for the shear and for the bending moment. If the
loads wL = 3.0 k/ft and wD =1.2 k/ft
You can compute the shear and bending moment diagrams using superposition
tables, Visual analysis to find the reactions, There were six loadings, I looked at
to obtain the envelope.
Uniform load (dead and live) over the entire beam: Ray = 46.38k Rby=156.42 k,
Rcy=156.42k and Rdy= 46.38k
Loading
7
6
kips
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
x (ft)
40
45
50
55
60
65
Shear
100
80
60
40
kips
20
0
-20 0
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
40
45
50
55
60
65
-40
-60
-80
-100
x (ft)
Bending Moment
200
Moment (k-ft)
100
0
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
-100
-200
-300
-400
x (ft)
50
55
60
65
Uniform load (dead and live) over 2/3 of beam: Ray = 44.77k Rby=163.94 k,
Rcy=96.74k and Rdy= 4.155k
Load
7
6
kips
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
Shear and Bending Moment Diagrams

300
200
k & k-ft
100
0
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
-100
-200
-300
-400
x (ft)
Shear
Bending Moment
50
55
60
65
Uniform load (dead and live) over 2/3 of beam: Ray =4.155 k Rby=96.74k,
Rcy=163.94 k and Rdy= 44.77k
Load
7
6
kips
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
50
55
60
65
x(ft)
load
Shear and Bending Moment Diagrams

300
200
k & k-ft
100
0
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
-100
-200
-300
-400
x (ft)
Shear
Bending Moment
Uniform load (dead and live) split over the two outside sections of the beam:
Ray =54.53k Rby=88.27k, Rcy=88.27 k and Rdy= 54.53k
load
7
6
kips
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
50
55
60
x (ft)
load
Shear and Bending Moment Diagram

300
250
200
k & k-ft
150
100
50
0
-50 0
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
-100
-150
-200
x (ft)
Shear
Bending Moment
65
Uniform load (dead and live) split over the center sections of the beam:
Ray =2.55k Rby=104.25k, Rcy=104.25 k and Rdy= 2.55k
load
7
6
kips
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
X (ft)
load
40
45
50
55
60
65
Shear and Bending Moment Diagram

300
200
k & k-ft
100
0
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
-100
-200
-300
x (ft)
Shear
The shear envelope is defined as
Bending Moment
50
55
60
Possible Shear
100
50
kips
0
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
-50
-100
-150
x (ft)
DL only
Split
DL+LL
Middle
DL+2/3LL
Max Shear
DL+2/3LL(2)
Min Shear
Shear Envelope
100
50
0
kips
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
-50
-100
-150
x(ft)
Maximum Shear
The moment envelope is defined as
Minimum Shear
50
55
60
65
65
All Possible Bending Moments

300
200
k-ft
100
0
-100
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
-200
-300
-400
x (ft)
DL only
DL+LL
DL+2/3LL
DL+2/3LL(2)
Split
Middle
Maximum
Minimum
Bending Moment Envelope

300
200
100
k-ft
0
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
-100
-200
-300
-400
x (ft)
Maximum Moment
Minimum Moment
55
60
65
65
5.5
Design the simply supported beam as rectangular sections.
Given
fc = 5000 psi normal weight concrete
fy =60000 psi
a) Compute the moment of the beam

wu = 1.2 wDL + 1.6 wLL = 1.2 ( 0.50 k/ft ) + 1.6 (1.000 k/ft )
= 2.20 k/ft
w l 2 ( 2.20 k/ft )( 20 ft.)
Mu = u =
8
8
= 110 k-ft. 1320 k-in.
Compute the 1 value
5000 4000
1000
1 = 0.85 0.05
= 0.8
Assume a single layer of steel, so d = h. - 2.5 in.. Assume that the tension controlled so
that = 0.9 and Mu = 110 k-ft Assume a k=0.30 and 1= 0.80 k = 1*k =
0.80*(0.30)=0.24
1320 k-in
=
0.9
= 1466.67 k-in
Mn =
Mu
Find a from k = 0.24 and compute the Ru , needed for a singly reinforced beam.
k
Ru = 0.85 f c k 1
2
( 0.24 )
Anet = 0.85 ( 5 ksi )( 0.24 ) 1
= 0.8976 ksi
Compute the size of the beam and assume b~0.55d, you can use any reasonable b
bd 2 =
M n 1466.67 k-in.
=
Ru
0.8976 ksi
= 1634.0 in 3 0.55d 3 = 1634.0 in 3

1634.0 in 3
= 14.37 in.
0.55
d = 14.5 in.
b 0.55d = 7.9 in. 8.0 in.
d=
Compute the total area of steel needed as if it were a singly reinforced beam.
c = kd = 0.3 (14.5 in.) = 4.35 in.
As( total) =
0.85 f cb 1c 0.85 ( 5 ksi )( 8 in.)( 0.8 )( 4.35 in.)

=
fy
( 60 ksi )
= 1.92 in 2
Select the steel so that tension steel is greater or equal to 1.92 in2
Select 2 # 9 bars (1.00 in2) for the tension steel (AT = 2.00 in2)
Compute the actual a

a=
( 2.00 in ) ( 60 ksi )
=
2
As f y
0.85f cb
0.85 ( 5 ksi )( 8 in.)
= 3.53 in.
Compute c
a 3.53 in.
c=
=
= 4.41 in.
1
0.8
Compute Mn.
a
M n = ( As f y ) d
2
3.53 in.
= ( 2.0 in 2 ) ( 60 ksi ) 14.5 in.
= 1528.24 k-in.
The Mu for the beam and error is

M n = M n = 0.9 (1528.24 k-in.)
= 1375.4 k-in. 114.6 k-ft

114.6 k-ft 110 k-ft
overdesigned =
100 % = 4.2 %
110 k-ft

A
= s
bd
2 in 2
=
= 0.01724
(8 in.)(14.5 in.)
Compute the minimum

200
200
f = 60000 = 0.00333
y
min =
3 f c = 3 5000 = 0.00354
f
60000
y
0.00354
The beam is over-designed by 4.2. %, which is less than 10%. Check to see if the bars
will fit in the beam using 2 bars (#9 with #3 stirrups)
s=
b nd b 2 ( cover + dstirrup )
n 1
8 in. 2 (1.128 in.) 2 (1.5 in. + 0.375 in.)
=
1
= 1.994 in.
and spacing will be 1.994 in. between bars.
b) Compute the moment of the beam. Assume that the beam has h=20 in. and b= 10 in.
so that the self-weight of the beam is
1 ft.
1 ft.
3
wself = bd = ( 20 in.)
(10 in.)
( 0.15 k/ft )
12 in.
12 in.
= 0.208 k/ft
Compute the factored loads
wu = 1.2wDL + 1.6 wLL = 1.2 ( 0.208 k/ft ) + 1.6 ( 0.0 k/ft )

= 0.25 k/ft
PL = 1.6 (10 kips ) = 16 kips
The shear and bending moment diagrams, the reactions are 10.5 kips and Mmax =92.5 k-ft
Shear
15
10
kips
5
0
-5
10
15
20
15
20
-10
-15
ft
Bending Moment
100
k-ft
80
60
40
20
0
0
10
ft
Compute the 1 value

5000 4000
1000
1 = 0.85 0.05
= 0.8
that = 0.9 and Mu = 92.5 k-ft Assume a k=0.25 and 1= 0.80 k = 1*k =
0.80*(0.25)=0.2
92.5 k-ft
=
0.9
= 102.78 k-ft 1233.33 k-in.
Mn =
Mu
k
Ru = 0.85 f c k 1
2
( 0.2 )
Anet = 0.85 ( 5 ksi )( 0.2 ) 1
= 0.765 ksi
bd 2 =
M n 1233.33 k-in.
=
0.765 ksi
Ru
= 1612.2 in 3 0.55d 3 = 1612.2 in 3

1612.2 in 3
= 14.31 in.
0.55
d = 14.5 in.
b 0.55d = 7.87 in. 8.0 in.
d=
Go back and recomputed the moment

1 ft.
1 ft.
3
( 8 in.)
( 0.15 k/ft )
12 in.
12 in.
= 0.142 k/ft

wu = 1.2wDL + 1.6 wLL = 1.2 ( 0.142 k/ft ) + 1.6 ( 0.0 k/ft )
= 0.17 k/ft
The maximum factored moment will be 88.5 k-ft
88.5 k-ft
=
0.9
= 98.33 k-ft 1180 k-in.
Mn =
Mu
Compute d
bd 2 =
M n 1180 k-in.
=
0.765 ksi
Ru
= 1542.5 in 3 0.55d 3 = 1542.5 in 3

1542.5 in 3
d=
= 14.10 in.
0.55
d = 14.5 in.
b 0.55d = 7.76 in. 8.0 in.
3
Compute the total area of steel needed

c = kd = 0.25 (14.5 in.) = 3.625 in.
As( total) =
0.85 f cb 1c 0.85 ( 5 ksi )( 8 in.)( 0.8 )( 3.625 in.)

=
fy
( 60 ksi )
= 1.64 in 2
Select the steel so that tension steel is around 1.64 in2


a=
(1.58 in ) ( 60 ksi )
=
2
As f y
0.85f cb
0.85 ( 5 ksi )( 8 in.)
= 2.79 in.
Compute c
a 2.79 in.
c=
=
= 3.49 in.
1
0.8
Compute Mn.
a
M n = ( As f y ) d
2
2.79 in.
= (1.58 in 2 ) ( 60 ksi ) 14.5 in.
= 1242.44 k-in.

M n = M n = 0.9 (1242.44 k-in.)
= 1118.19 k-in. 93.2 k-ft
93.2 k-ft 88.5 k-ft
overdesigned =
100 % = 5.3 %
88.5 k-ft

A
= s
bd
1.53 in 2
=
= 0.01362
(8 in.)(14.5 in.)
Compute the minimum
200
200
f = 60000 = 0.00333
y
min =
3 f c = 3 5000 = 0.00354
fy
60000
0.00354
The beam is over-designed by 5.9. %, which is less than 10%. Check to see if the bars
will fit in the beam using 2 bars (#8 with #3 stirrups)
s=
n 1
8 in. 2 (1.00 in.) 2 (1.5 in. + 0.375 in.)
=
1
= 2.25 in.
c) Compute the moment of the beam. Assume that the beam has h=20 in. and b= 10 in.
so that the self-weight of the beam is
1 ft.
1 ft.
3
wself = bd = ( 20 in.)
(10 in.)
( 0.15 k/ft )
12 in.
12 in.
= 0.208 k/ft

wu = 1.2wDL + 1.6 wLL = 1.2 ( 0.208 k/ft ) + 1.6 ( 0.0 k/ft )
= 0.25 k/ft
PL = 1.6 ( 5 kips ) = 8 kips
The shear and bending moment diagrams, the reactions are 10.5 kips and Mmax =52.5 k-ft
Shear
15
10
kips
5
0
-5 0
10
15
20
15
20
-10
-15
ft
Bending Moment
60
50
k-ft
40
30
20
10
0
0
10
ft
Compute the 1 value

5000 4000
1000
1 = 0.85 0.05
= 0.8
that = 0.9 and Mu = 52.5 k-ft Assume a k=0.25 and 1= 0.80 k = 1*k =
0.80*(0.25)=0.2
52.5 k-ft
=
0.9
= 58.33 k-ft 700 k-in.
Mn =
Mu
k
Ru = 0.85 f c k 1
2
( 0.2 )
Anet = 0.85 ( 5 ksi )( 0.2 ) 1
= 0.765 ksi
bd 2 =
M n 700 k-in.
=
Ru 0.765 ksi
= 915.0 in 3 0.55d 3 = 915.0 in 3

915.0 in 3
= 11.85 in.
0.55
d = 12.5 in.
b 0.55d = 6.52 in. 7.0 in.
d=
Go back and recomputed the moment

1 ft.
1 ft.
3
( 7 in.)
( 0.15 k/ft )
12 in.
12 in.
= 0.109 k/ft

wu = 1.2wDL + 1.6 wLL = 1.2 ( 0.142 k/ft ) + 1.6 ( 0.0 k/ft )
= 0.17 k/ft
The maximum factored moment will be 46.5625 k-ft
46.5625 k-ft
=

0.9
= 51.74 k-ft 620.83 k-in.
Mn =
Mu
Compute d
bd 2 =
M n 620.83 k-in.
=
0.765 ksi
Ru
= 811.6 in 3 0.55d 3 = 811.6 in 3

811.6 in 3
d=
= 11.38 in.
0.55
d = 11.5 in.
b 0.55d = 6.26 in. 7.0 in.
3
Use d= 12.5 in and b= 7 in to save on re-computing the moment again. Compute the total
area of steel needed
c = kd = 0.25 (12.5 in.) = 3.125 in.
As( total) =
0.85 f cb 1c 0.85 ( 5 ksi )( 7 in.)( 0.8 )( 3.125 in.)

=
fy
( 60 ksi )
= 1.24 in 2
Select the steel so that tension steel is around 1.24 in2


a=
(1.2 in ) ( 60 ksi )
2
As f y
0.85f cb
0.85 ( 5 ksi )( 7 in.)
= 2.42 in.
Compute c
a 2.42 in.
c=
=
= 3.03 in.
1
0.8
Compute Mn.
a
M n = ( As f y ) d
2
2.42 in.
= (1.2 in 2 ) ( 60 ksi ) 12.5 in.
= 812.87 k-in.

M n = M n = 0.9 ( 812.87 k-in.)
= 731.59 k-in. 60.97 k-ft
60.97 k-ft 46.56 k-ft
overdesigned =
100 % = 30.9 %
46.56 k-ft

A
= s
bd
1.2 in 2
=
= 0.01371
( 7 in.)(12.5 in.)
Compute the minimum
200
200
f = 60000 = 0.00333
y
min =
3 f c = 3 5000 = 0.00354
fy
60000
0.00354
The beam is over-designed by 30.3. %, which is greater than 10%. If we were to use 3#5
bars we would get 3.9% over-design. Check to see if the bars will fit in the beam using 2
bars (#7 with #3 stirrups)
s=
n 1
7 in. 2 ( 0.875 in.) 2 (1.5 in. + 0.375 in.)
=
1
= 1.5 in.
CVEN 444
Assignment 9
due 6/27/03
The assignment will be review problems and will not be covered in

class. Use an engineering format and be neat!
1. Design a beam to handle Mu= 350 k-ft fc = 5 ksi and fy =60 ksi.
Assume that the weight of the beam has been included in the ultimate
moment. Check that the beam has met the ACI standard. Sketch the
final design. Use b= 0.5d. You may want to use a double layer of
steel.
Compute the 1 value
5000 4000
1000
1 = 0.85 0.05
= 0.8
Assume that the tension controlled so that = 0.9 Assume a k=0.275 and
1= 0.8, because fc =5 ksi so that k = 1*k = 0.8*(0.275) =0.22
k '
Ru = 0.85 f c k ' 1
2
( 0.22 )
= 0.85 ( 5 ksi )( 0.22 ) 1
= 0.83215 ksi
You can use various k value to design the beam as long as k < 0.375 Find
bd2 from b= 0.5 d
Mu

Mu
2
2
Ru bd =
bd =
Ru
350 k-ft 12 in.
0.9 1 ft.
2
bd =
0.83215 ksi
= 5608 in 3
Assume that b= 0.5 d and solve for d

0.5d 3 = 5608 in 3
d=
5608 in 3
= 22.38 in.
0.5
and
b= 0.5(22.38 in.) = 11.19 in.
Use d =22.5 in and b = 12.in.
The dimensions and maximum moment have been determined. Assume that
k = 0.22 and a = kd= 0.22*(22.5in.) = 4.95 in. and compute the amount of
steel needed.
f y As = 0.85 f cba As =
As =
0.85 f cba
fy
0.85 ( 5 ksi )(12 in.)( 4.95 in.)

( 60 ksi )
= 4.21 in 2
Select 4 # 9 bars, so that As = 4(1.00 in2) = 4.00 in2. Compute the new a and
c values.
( 60 ksi ) ( 4.00 in 2 )
a=
=
0.85 f cb 0.85 ( 5 ksi )(12 in.)
f y As
= 4.706 in.
a 4.706 in.
c=
=
= 5.882 in.
1
0.8
Check the min and the beam will meet the condition ACI 10.5.1
min
200
200
=
= 0.00333
f
60000
y
= larger of
min = 0.00354
3 f c = 3 5000 = 0.00354
fy
60000
Check the value.

=
As
4.00 in 2
=
bd (12 in.)( 22.5 in.)
= 0.0148 0.00354 OK!
Check to see if the steel is in the tension controlled.

c 5.882 in.
=
= 0.261 0.375 ok!
d
22.5 in.
or
d c
22.5 in. 5.882 in.

0.003
5.882 in.
= 0.008475 0.005 OK!
t =
0.003 =
c
Compute the Mn for the beam

a
4.706 in.
M n = f y As d = ( 60 ksi ) ( 4.00 in 2 ) 22.5 in.
2
2
= 4835.3 k-in.

M n = M n = 0.9 ( 4835.3 k-in.)
= 4351.8 k-in. 362.65 k-ft
362.65 k-ft 350 k-ft
overdesigned =
100 % = 3.61 %
350 k-ft
The beam is over-designed by 3.61 %, which is less than 10%. Check to see
if the bars will fit in the beam using 4 bars (#9 with #3 stirrups)
s=
n 1
12 in. 4 (1.128 in.) 2 (1.5 in. + 0.375 in.)
=
3
= 1.25 in.
and spacing will be 1.25 in. between bars. If you use 7 #7 bars (4.20 in2) ,
which would result in 8.16% over-designed. However, you would need to
use a double layer of steel.
2. Design an interior span for a continuous beam, which will cover 8

bays (or spans). The beam has a clear distance of 26 ft and fc = 4 ksi
and fy =60 ksi. Design the beam for the positive and negative
moments with a SDL = 1.4 k/ft and LL= 2.5 k/ft. Check that the
beam has met the ACI standard. Sketch the final designs (You will
need to have two sketches, one for the positive moment and one for
the negative moment).
First you will need to compute the size of the beam. For a rough estimate
use 1-in per foot of clear span or h=26 in. and b = 0.55(26 in. 3.5 in.) =
12.375 in. Use b = 13 in.
wself-weight = bh
1 ft.
1 ft.
3
= (13 in.)
( 26 in.)
( 0.150 k/ft )
12 in.
12 in.
= 0.352 k/ft
Compute the factored load of the beam.

wu = 1.2 wDL + 1.6 wLL
= (1.2 )( 0.352 k/ft + 1.4 k/ft ) + (1.6 )( 2.5 k/ft )
= 6.1 k/ft
The load for a continuous beam with (> 2 spans) and design for the interior
negative moment of the beam and 2.5 k/ft/1.75 k/ft < 3 (ACI 8.3.3). The
moment will have the largest magnitude so it will determine the dimensions
of the beam.
w l 2 ( 6.1 k/ft )( 26 ft.)
Mu = u n =
11
11
= 375.0 k-ft
Assume that the tension controlled so that = 0.9 Assume a k=0.3 and 1=
0.85, because fc =4 ksi so that k = 1*k = 0.85*(0.300) =0.255
k '
Ru = 0.85 f c k ' 1
2
( 0.255 )
= 0.85 ( 4 ksi )( 0.255 ) 1
= 0.7565 ksi
You can use various k value to design the beam as long as k < 0.375
Find bd2 from b= 0.55 d
Mu

Mu
2
2
bd =
Ru bd =
Ru
375.0 k-ft 12 in.
0.9
1 ft.
bd 2 =
0.7565 ksi
= 6610 in 3

0.55d 3 = 6610 in 3
d=
6610 in 3
= 22.91 in.
0.55
and
b= 0.55(22.91 in.) = 12.6 in.
Use d =23.5 in and b = 13.in. Now go back and solve with the new area and
use a double layer of steel so h = 27 in. and dead load will be w = 0.366 k/ft
so that wu = 6.12 k/ft and Mu = 376.1 k-ft and using same assumptions, d =
22.93-in. and b=12.61-in. So stick with d= 23.5-in. and 13-in.
k = 0.255 and a = kd= 0.255*(23.5in.) = 5.99 in. and compute the amount
of steel needed.
As =
0.85 f cba
fy
0.85 ( 4 ksi )(13 in.)( 5.99 in.)

( 60 ksi )
= 4.41 in 2
Select 4#8 bars and 2#7 bars, so that As = 4(0.79 in2)+2(0.60 in2) = 4.36 in2.
Compute the new a and c values.
( 60 ksi ) ( 4.36 in 2 )
a=
=
0.85 f cb 0.85 ( 4 ksi )(13 in.)
f y As
= 5.919 in.
a 5.919 in.
c=
=
= 6.963 in.
1
0.85
min
200
200
=
= 0.00333
f
60000
y
= larger of
min = 0.00333
3 f c = 3 4000 = 0.00316
fy
60000
Check the value.

=
As
4.36 in 2
=
bd (13 in.)( 23.5 in.)
= 0.0143 0.00333 OK!

c 6.963 in.
=
= 0.296 0.375 ok!
d 23.5 in.
or
d c
23.5 in. 6.963 in.
0.003 =
0.003
6.963 in.
c
= 0.00713 0.005 OK!
t =

a
5.919 in.
M n = f y As d = ( 60 ksi ) ( 4.36 in 2 ) 23.5 in.
2
2
= 5373.5 k-in.

M n = M n = 0.9 ( 5373.5 k-in.)
= 4836.1 k-in. 403.0 k-ft
403.0 k-ft 376.1 k-ft

overdesigned =
100 % = 7.15 %
376.1 k-ft
if the bars will fit in the beam using 4 bars (#8 with #3 stirrups) per row
s=
n 1
13 in. 4 (1.0 in.) 2 (1.5 in. + 0.375 in.)
=
3
= 1.75 in.
Compute the factored load of the beam for the positive moment
wu = 1.2 wDL + 1.6 wLL
= (1.2 )( 0.366 k/ft + 1.4 k/ft ) + (1.6 )( 2.5 k/ft )
= 6.12 k/ft
The load for a continuous beam with (> 2 spans) and design for the interior
positive moment of the beam and 2.5 k/ft/1.77 k/ft < 3 (ACI 8.3.3). The
moment will have the largest magnitude so it will determine the dimensions
of the beam.
wu ln2 ( 6.12 k/ft )( 26 ft.)
Mu =
=
16
16
= 258.6 k-ft
Determine the Ru from the equation and find a

Mu

M
Ru bd 2 = u Ru = 2
bd
258.6 k-ft 12 in.
0.9
1 ft.
Ru =
2
(13.0 in.)( 24.5 in.)
= 0.4419 ksi
Compute k from
2 Ru
k '
Ru = 0.85 f c k ' 1 k 2 2k +
=0
2
0.85 f c
2 ( 0.4419 ksi )
2 Ru
k = 1 1
= 1 1
0.85 f c
0.85 ( 4 ksi )
= 0.140
The value for a = k*d = 0.140*24.5 in. =3.43 in. The area of steel can be
computed
As =
0.85 f cba
fy
0.85 ( 4 ksi )(13 in.)( 3.43 in.)

( 60 ksi )
= 2.52 in 2
Select 2#8 bars and 2#7 bars, so that As = 2(0.79 in2)+2(0.60 in2) = 2.78 in2.
a=
f y As
0.85 f cb
( 60 ksi ) ( 2.78 in 2 )
0.85 ( 4 ksi )(13 in.)
= 3.77 in.
a 3.77 in.
c=
=
= 4.44 in.
1
0.85
Check the value.

=
As
2.78 in 2
=
bd (13 in.)( 24.5 in.)
= 0.0087 0.00333 OK!

c 4.44 in.
=
= 0.181 0.375 ok!
d 24.5 in.
or
d c
24.5 in. 4.44 in.

0.003
4.44 in.
= 0.0136 0.005 OK!
t =
0.003 =
c

a
3.77 in.
M n = f y As d = ( 60 ksi ) ( 2.78 in 2 ) 24.5 in.
2
2
= 3771.9 k-in.

M n = M n = 0.9 ( 3771.9 k-in.)
= 3394.7 k-in. 282.9 k-ft
282.9 k-ft 258.6 k-ft
overdesigned =
100 % = 9.39 %
258.6 k-ft
if the bars will fit in the beam using 4 bars (2#8+2#7 with #3 stirrups) per
row
s=
n 1
13 in. 2 (1.0 in.) 2 ( 0.875 in.) 2 (1.5 in. + 0.375 in.)
=
3
= 1.83 in.
CVEN 444
Assignment 10
due 7/2/03

1. Design a doubly reinforced concrete beam to handle Mu= 380 k-ft fc =
5 ksi and fy =60 ksi. Assume that the weight of the beam has been
included in the ultimate moment. Check that the beam has met the
ACI standard. Sketch the final design. Use b= 0.5d. Use a
compression steel, As = 0.4-0.5 Anet. You may want to use a double
layer of steel.
Compute the 1 value
5000 4000
1000
1 = 0.85 0.05
= 0.8
Assume a double layer of steel, so d = 24 in. - 3.5 in. = 20.5-in. Assume that
the tension controlled so that = 0.9 and Mu = 380 k-ft Assume a k=0.35
and 1= 0.80 k = 1*k = 0.80*(0.350) =0.28
380 k-ft
=
0.9
= 422.22 k-ft 5066.67 k-in
Mn =
Mu
Find a from k = 0.28 and compute the Ru , needed for a singly reinforced
beam.
k
Ru = 0.85 f c k 1
2
( 0.28 )
= 0.85 ( 5 ksi )( 0.28 ) 1
= 1.0234 ksi
Compute the size of the beam

bd 2 =
M n 5066.67 k-in.
=
Ru
1.0234 ksi
= 4950.8 in 3 0.5d 3 = 4950.8 in 3

4950.8 in 3
= 21.47 in.
0.5
d = 21.5 in. b 0.5d = 11 in.
d=
c = kd = 0.35 ( 21.5 in.) = 7.525 in.
As( total) =
0.85 f cb 1c 0.85 ( 5 ksi )(12 in.)( 0.8 )( 8.575 in.)

=
fy
( 60 ksi )
= 4.69 in 3
Compute the Anet for the beam assume that 50% of the Anet is in the
compression.
Anet =
As( total)
1 + % Anet
4.69 in 2
1 + 0.5
= 3.13 in 2
As = 0.5 ( 3.13 in 2 ) = 1.56 in 2
Select the steel so that tension steel is greater or equal to 4.69 in2 and the
compression steel is greater than 1.56 in2 and the net steel is greater than
3.13 in2
Select 6 # 8 bars (0.79 in2) for the tension steel (AT = 4.74 in2) and 2#8 bars
(0.79 in2) for the compression steel (As=1.58 in2) and net steel of Anet = 3.16
in2.
Assume the compression steel yields and is at d= 2.5 in.
A A) f
(
a=
s
0.85f cb
= 4.06 in.
( 4.74 in
=
1.58 in 2 ) ( 60 ksi )
0.85 ( 5 ksi )(11 in.)
Compute c
c=
4.06 in.
= 5.07 in.
0.8
Check the strain

c d
5.07 in. 2.5 in.
cu =
0.003 = 0.001521
5.07 in.
c
s =
Check the yield strain of steel is

y =
fy
Es
60 ksi
= 0.00207
29000 ksi
Therefore 0.01521 is not greater than 0.00207 so the compression steel does
not yield.
Or check the values
1 0.85 f c d 87

fyd
87 f y
( 0.8 ) 0.85 ( 5 ksi )( 2.5 in.) 87

= 0.021232
( 60 ksi )( 21.5 in.) 87 60
eff
Check the values.

=
As
4.74 in 2
=
bd (11 in.)( 21.5 in.)
= 0.02004
As
1.58 in 2
=
bd (11 in.)( 21.5 in.)
= 0.00668
The eff = 0.02004 0.00668 = 0.01336 is not greater than 0.021232 so the
compression steel has not yielded
Use the equation for finding the c either by iterations or use
( c d )
As f y = As E s
cu + 0.85 f cb 1c
c

A E
(
c +
s
s cu
) c A E
As f y
0.85 f cb1
s cu
0.85 f cb1
=0

A E
(
0=c +
s
s cu
As f y
0.85 f cb 1
) c A E
s
s cu
0.85 f cb 1
((1.58 in ) (87 ksi ) ( 4.74 in ) ( 60 ksi ) ) c

+
2
0=c
d
2
0.85 ( 5 ksi )(11 in.)( 0.8 )
(1.58 in ) (87 ksi )( 2.5 in.)
0.85 ( 5 ksi )(11 in.)( 0.8 )
0 = c 2 3.92888c 9.1885

c=
=
b b 2 4ac
2a
3.92888
( 3.92888)
4 ( 9.1855 )
c = 5.577 in.
Check the stress fs

c d
fs = Es s =
cu
c
5.577 in. 2.5 in.
= ( 29000 ksi )
0.003
5.577 in.
= 48.00 ksi
min
200
200
f = 60000 = 0.00333
y
= larger of
min = 0.003536
3
f
3
5000
c
=
= 0.003536
fy
60000
The eff = 0.01336 > 0.003536 so it is OK. Check to see if the steel is in the
tension controlled.
c 5.577 in.
=
= 0.259 0.375 ok!
d
21.5 in.
or
d c
21.5 in. 5.577 in.

0.003
5.577 in.
= 0.008566 0.005 OK!
t =
0.003 =
c
Compute the Mn , the nominal moment

a
M n = As f y As fs d + As fs( d d )
2
0.8 ( 5.577 in.)
= ( 4.74 in 2 ) ( 60 ksi ) (1.58 in 2 ) ( 48.00 ksi ) 21.5 in.
+ (1.58 in 2 ) ( 48.00 ksi )( 21.5 in. 2.5 in.)

= 5459.78 k-in

M n = M n = 0.9 ( 5459.78 k-in.)
= 4913.8 k-in. 409.5 k-ft
409.5 k-ft 380 k-ft
overdesigned =
100 % = 7.76 %
380 k-ft
The beam is over-designed by 7.76. %, which is less than 10%. Check to see
s=
n 1
11 in. 3 (1.0 in.) 2 (1.5 in. + 0.375 in.)
=
2
= 2.125 in.
and spacing will be 2.125 in. between bars. There are 2 #8 bars in the
compression zone.
Design a T-beam with a length of L1= 18-ft and spacing between beam, L=8
ft. The beam must be designed to handle a positive moment of 200 k-ft and a
negative moment of 300 k-ft (assume the weight of the beam is included in
the moments) with a maximum depth of 24-in and slab thickness of 3 in. Use
fc = 5 ksi and fy =60 ksi.
Design for the larger moment, 300 k-ft and the compression zone would be
in the web of the beam, So you can design the beam like a singly reinforced
beam.
Compute the 1 value
5000 4000
1000
1 = 0.85 0.05
= 0.8
k '
Ru = 0.85 f c k ' 1
2
( 0.24 )
= 0.85 ( 5 ksi )( 0.24 ) 1
= 0.8976 ksi
bd2 from b= 0.6 d
Mu

Mu
2
2
Ru bd =
bd =
Ru
300 k-ft 12 in.
0.9 1 ft.
2
bd =
0.8976 ksi
= 4456 in 3

0.6d 3 = 4456 in 3
d=
4456 in 3
= 19.51 in.
0.6
and
b= 0.6(19.51 in.) = 11.71 in.
Determine beff in tension and compression
The compression width is
12 in.
18 ft
L
1 ft
=
= 54 in.
4
4
beff
16hf + bw = 16 ( 3 in.) + 12 in. = 60 in.
beff = 54 in.
12 in.
8 ft
b + 0.5* clear distance = 12 in. +

1 ft = 60 in.
w
2
to next web
The tension width is
12 in.
L 18 ft 1 ft
= 21.6 in.
beff =
beff ( tension ) = 21 in.
10
10
b eff ( comp.) = 54 in.
k = 0.24 and a = kd= 0.24*(19.5in.) = 4.68 in. and compute the amount of
steel needed.
As =
0.85 f cba
fy
0.85 ( 5 ksi )(12 in.)( 4.68 in.)

( 60 ksi )
= 3.98 in 2
Select 4 # 7 bars and 4 #6 bars, so that As = 4(0.6 in2)+4(0.44 in2) = 4.16 in2.
( 60 ksi ) ( 4.16 in 2 )
a=
=
0.85 f cb 0.85 ( 5 ksi )(12 in.)
f y As
= 4.894 in.
a 4.894 in.
=
= 6.118 in.
c=
1
0.8
Check the minimum area, min, and the beam will meet the condition ACI
10.5.1
Amin
6 fc
6 5000
bw d =
(12 in.)(19.5 in.) = 1.65 in 2
fy
60000
200
200
2
= smallest of
f beff d = 60000 ( 54 in.)(19.5 in.) = 3.51 in
y
larger of 3 f
3 5000
c
beff d =
( 54 in.)(19.5 in.) = 3.72 in 2
60000
fy
Amin = 1.65 in 2
Check the value.

=
As
4.00 in 2
=
bd (12 in.)( 22.5 in.)
= 0.0148 0.00354 OK!

c 6.118 in.
=
= 0.314 0.375 ok!
d 19.5 in.
or
d c
19.5 in. 6.118 in.

0.003
6.118 in.
= 0.006562 0.005 OK!
t =
0.003 =
c
Compute the Mn for the T-beam

a
4.894 in.
M n = f y As d = ( 60 ksi ) ( 4.16 in 2 ) 19.5 in.
2
2
= 4256.4 k-in.

M n = M n = 0.9 ( 4256.4 k-in.)
= 3830.8 k-in. 319.23 k-ft
319.23 k-ft 300 k-ft
overdesigned =
100 % = 6.41 %
300 k-ft
The beam is over-designed by 6.41 %, which is less than 10%. The bars
(4#7 and 4#6 bars) will fit into the 21 in.(beff in tension). The #7 bars would
fit into the 12-in
Compute the maximum capacity of the T-beam, where the flange is in

compression Mn. The value for d will be 21in- 2.5 in =18.5 in.
h
3 in.
M n = 0.85 f cbeff hf d f = 0.85 ( 5 ksi )( 54 in.)( 3 in.) 18.5 in.
2
2
= 11704.5 k-in. 975.4 k-ft.
So the T-beam can be designed as a single reinforced concrete beam. The

minimum amount steel required is
Amin
200
200
2
f beff d = 60000 ( 54 in.)(19.5 in.) = 3.51 in
y
= larger of
3 f c b d = 3 5000 ( 54 in.)(19.5 in.) = 3.72 in 2
eff
f
60000
y
Amin = 3.72 in 2
Use 5 #8 bars that As = 5(0.79 in2) = 3.95 in2.
( 60 ksi ) ( 3.95 in 2 )
a=
=
0.85 f cb 0.85 ( 5 ksi )( 54 in.)
f y As
= 1.033 in.
a 1.033 in.
c=
=
= 1.291 in.
1
0.8
Using a double layer of steel for 5 bars in a12 in flange the d=21-in 3.5 in.=
17.5 in instead of 19.5 in.
a
1.033 in.
M n = f y As d = ( 60 ksi ) ( 3.95 in 2 ) 17.5 in.
2
2
= 4025.1 k-in.

M n = M n = 0.9 ( 4025.1 k-in.)
= 3622.6 k-in. 301.88 k-ft
301.88 k-ft 200 k-ft

overdesigned =
100 % = 50.9 %
200 k-ft
To match the minimum amount of steel will result in over-designing the

beam by 50%. The double layer of 3 #8 bars would fit into the 12-in
s=
n 1
12 in. 3 (1.0 in.) 2 (1.5 in. + 0.375 in.)
=
2
= 2.625 in.
CVEN 444
Assignment 11
due 7/9/03

1. Calculate the basic development lengths in tension for the following
deformed bars embedded in normal weight concrete.
(a) For #6 and #9 bar. Given fc = 6 ksi and fy =60 ksi.
(b) For #14 and #18 bar. Given fc = 5 ksi and fy =60 ksi and fy =75 ksi.
Assume clear spacing =2db, clear cover = 1.5-in. on each side and bars
are not spliced.
(a) #6 bar, bar placement =1.0, coating, =1.0, size of the bar,
=0.8, and concrete, = 1.0. and db =0.75 in. and clear space
between bars is 2(0.75 in) =1.5 in.
clear d b
0.75 in.
= 1.875 in.
space + 2 = 1.5 in. +
2
c=
c = 1.125 in.
1.5 in. + d b = 1.5 in. + 0.75 in. = 1.125 in.
2
2
The bar is assumed be under no tension so Ktr =0.

c + K tr 1.125 in. + 0.0
=
= 1.5 1.5 Use 1.5
db
0.75 in.
Check the concrete fc

f c 100
6000 = 77.5 100 OK.
Compute the development length

ld 3 f y
=
d b 40 f c c + K tr
db
3 60000 (1.0 )(1.0 )( 0.8 )(1.0 )
=
= 30.98
(1.5)
40 6000
ld = 33.94d b = 30.98 ( 0.75 in.)
= 23.3 in.
or you can use 24 in. from table 10.2

(b) #9 bar, bar placement =1.0, coating, =1.0, size of the bar,
=1.0, and
concrete, = 1.0. and db =1.128 in. and clear space
between bars is 2(1.128 in) =2.256 in.
clear d b
1.128 in.
= 2.06 in.
space + 2 = 1.5 in. +
2
c=
c = 1.692 in.
2.256 in. + d b = 2.256 in. + 1.128 in. = 1.692 in.
2
2
The bar is assumed be under no tension so Ktr =0.

c + K tr 1.692 in. + 0.0
=
= 1.5 1.5 Use 1.5
db
1.128 in.
Check the concrete fc

f c 100
6000 = 77.5 100 OK.
Compute the development length

ld 3 f y
=
d b 40 f c c + K tr
db
3 60000 (1.0 )(1.0 )(1.0 )(1.0 )
=
= 38.73
(1.5)
40 6000
ld = 38.73d b = 38.73 (1.128 in.)
= 43.69 in.
or you can use 44 in.

(c) #14 bar, bar placement = 1.0, coating, = 1.0, size of the
bar, = 1.0, and concrete, = 1.0.and db =1.693 in.
ld f y
=
d b f c 20
60000 (1.0 )(1.0 )(1.0 )(1.0 )
=
= 42.43
20
5000
ld = 42.43d b = 42.43 (1.693 in.)
= 71.83 in.
Use ld = 72 in.
#18 bar, bar placement = 1.0, coating, = 1.0, size of the bar,
= 1.0, and concrete, = 1.0. and db =2.257 in.
ld f y
=
d b f c 20
75000 (1.0 )(1.0 )(1.0 )(1.0 )
=
= 53.03
20
5000
ld = 53.03d b = 53.03 ( 2.257 in.)
= 119.70 in.
Use ld = 120 in.
2. Calculate the basic embedment lengths, if the bars are used as

compression reinforcement and the concrete is sand-lightweight.
(a) For #6 and #9 bar. Given fc = 6 ksi and fy =60 ksi.
(b) For #14 and #18 bar. Given fc = 5 ksi and fy =60 ksi and fy =75 ksi.
(a) #6 bar, concrete, = 1.3. and db =0.75 in. Compute the development
length
fy
60000
= 0.02
ldb 0.02
l
= 15.49
=
d = 18
f
6000
db
db
=
=
0.0003
f
0.0003
60000
18.0
(
)
ldb = 18d b = 18 ( 0.75 in.)

= 13.5 in.
The final development length is

ld = ldb
= 1.3 (13.5 in.)
= 17.55 in. Use 18.0 in.
#8 bar, concrete, = 1.3. and db =1.00 in. Compute the development

length
fy
60000
= 0.02
ldb 0.02
l
= 15.49
=
d = 18
fc
6000
db
db
0.0003
f
=
0.0003
60000
=
18.0
(
)
y
ldb = 18d b = 18 (1.128 in.)
= 20.304 in.

ld = ldb
= 1.3 ( 20.304 in.)
= 26.40 in. Use 27.0 in.
(b) #14 bar, , = 1.3.and db =1.693 in. . Compute the development length
fy
60000
0.02
= 0.02
ldb
l
= 16.97
f
=
d = 18.00
5000
db
db
0.0003 f y = 0.0003 ( 60000 ) = 18.0
ldb = 18.0d b = 18.0 (1.693 in.)

= 30.474 in.

ld = ldb
= 1.3 ( 30.474 in.)
= 39.62 in. Use 40.0 in.
#18 bar, concrete, = 1.3. and db =2.257 in. Compute the development
length
fy
75000
= 0.02
ldb 0.02
l
= 21.22
=
d = 22.50
f
5000
db
db
0.0003
f
=
0.0003
80000
=
22.5
(
)
y
ldb = 22.50d b = 22.50 ( 2.257 in.)
= 50.78 in.

ld = ldb
= 1.3 ( 50.78 in.)
= 66.02 in. Use 67.0 in.
CVEN 444
Assignment 12
due 7/14/03

1. Determine the development length required for the bars shown .fc =4ksi and fy = 60-ksi. Check the anchorage in the column. If it is not
satisfactory, design an anchorage using a 180o hook and check
adequacy.
Determine the development length for the bars.The bar coefficients are
(bar placement) = 1.3, (coating)= 1.0, and (light weight concrete) = 1.0
and #10 bar is db = 1.27 in..
ld f y
=
d b 20 f c
=
(1.3)(1.0 )(1.0 ) 60000 = 61.66
20 4000
ld = 61.66d b
ld = 61.66 (1.27 in.) = 78.3 in. Use 79 in.
The total length available in the column is l = 51 in. 1.5 in. = 49.5 in.,
therefore there is insufficient length for start development. We do not know
the transverse bars, spacing or strength of the bars. However,(c+Ktr)/db can
be no greater than 2.5. So use 2.5 and check and =1.0 (bar size)
ld
=
db
3 f y
c + K tr
40 f c
db
3 (1.3)(1.0 )(1.0 )(1.0 ) 60000
40 4000 ( 2.5 )
= 37.0
ld = 37.0d b
ld = 37.0 (1.27 in.) = 46.98 in. Use 47 in.
So you could argue that there is sufficient space if the transverse loading is
enough to have, (c+Ktr)/db > 2.5. However, a hook would be a better method
to ensure that there is sufficient development length. The development
length is computed by
lhd 1200
=
db
fc
1200
= 18.97
4000
lhd = 18.97 d b
=
lhd = 18.97 (1.27 in.) = 24.1 in. Use 25 in.
There is no factor used in hooks and the other reduction factors are for
cover, yield strength of the steel fy = 60 ksi , = 1, concrete =1, and
excessive reinforcement is unknown so use = 1. and ties assume =1
So there is sufficient length for a hook
2. Problem 10.5 from the text --An 18-ft normal weight concrete
cantilever beam is subject to factored Mu =3500 k-in and a factored
shear Vu = 32.4 k at the face of the support. Design the top
reinforcement and the appropriate embedment of 90o hook into the
concrete wall to sustain the external shear and moment. Given fc =
4.5 ksi and fy =60 ksi.
Compute the 1 value
4500 4000
1000
1 = 0.85 0.05
= 0.825
Assume a single layer of steel, so d = h. - 2.5 in.. Assume that the tension
controlled so that = 0.9 and Mu = 3500 k-in Assume a k=0.30 and 1=
0.825, k = 1*k = 0.825*(0.30)=0.2475
3500 k-in
=
0.9
= 3888.89 k-in
Mn =
Mu
Find a from k = 0.2475 and compute the Ru , needed for a singly reinforced
beam.
k
Ru = 0.85 f c k 1
2
( 0.2475 )
Anet = 0.85 ( 4.5 ksi )( 0.2475 ) 1
= 0.8295 ksi
Compute the size of the beam and assume b~0.55d, you can use any
reasonable b
bd 2 =
M n 3888.89 k-in.
=
Ru
0.8295 ksi
= 4688.0 in 3 0.55d 3 = 4688.0 in 3

4688.0 in 3
= 20.43 in.
0.55
d = 20.5 in.
b 0.55d = 11.3 in. 12.0 in.
d=
c = kd = 0.3 ( 20.5 in.) = 6.15 in.
As( total) =
0.85 f cb 1c 0.85 ( 4.5 ksi )(12 in.)( 0.825 )( 6.15 in.)

=
fy
( 60 ksi )
= 3.88 in 2
Select the steel so that tension steel is greater or equal to 3.88 in2
a=
As f y
0.85f cb
( 4.00 in ) ( 60 ksi )
2
0.85 ( 4.5 ksi )(12 in.)
= 5.23 in.
Compute c
c=
5.23 in.
= 6.34 in.
0.825
The c/d = 6.34 in/20.5 in = 0.309 < 0.375, therefore tension controlled and
= 0.9
Compute Mn.
a
M n = ( As f y ) d
2
5.23 in.
= ( 4.0 in 2 ) ( 60 ksi ) 20.5 in.
= 4292.4 k-in.

M n = M n = 0.9 ( 4292.4 k-in.)
= 3863.2 k-in.
3863.2 k-in 3500 k-in
overdesigned =
100 % = 10.3 %
3500 k-in

=
=
As
bd
4 in 2
= 0.01626
(12 in.)( 20.5 in.)
Compute the minimum
min
200
200
f = 60000 = 0.00333
y
=
3 f c = 3 4500 = 0.003354
fy
60000
0.003354
The beam is over-designed by 10.3. %, which is less than 10%. Check to see
if the bars will fit in the beam using 2 bars (#9 with #3 stirrups)
s=
n 1
12 in. 4 (1.128 in.) 2 (1.5 in. + 0.375 in.)
=
3
= 1.246 in.

Check the embedment length of 90o hook. The basic development length
lhd 1200 1200
=
=
= 17.89
db
fc
4500
lhd = 17.89d b = 17.89 (1.128 in.)
= 20.18 in
Normal weight concrete, l = 1.0 and the area ratio

d =
Required As 3.88 in 2
=
= 0.97
Provided As 4.00 in 2
The final length

ldh = d lhb = 0.97 ( 20.18 in.)
= 19.58 in.
Use ldh = 20 in. Check to see it is greater 8db=8(1.128in.) = 9.024in. or 6

in, which is correct. The depth of the 12db = 12(1.128in.) = 13.536in. use
14in.
CVEN 444
Assignment 13
due 7/16/03

1. For a 28-ft simply supported beam (b=16 in. and d=26.5 in) with 8#8
bars (2 layers) and fc =4-ksi and fy = 60-ksi, carrying uniform loads of
wD =1.5 k/ft and wL=3.0 k/ft. Draw the moment capacity envelope if
total of 4-bars are terminated (2 at a time) and calculate theoretical
cutoff locations, actual cutoff locations, development length, moment
capacity of a bar and verify the beam will satisfy the design and meet
ACI standards.
Compute the loading on the beam
wu = 1.2 wDL + 1.6 wLL
= 1.2 (1.5 k/ft ) + 1.6 ( 3.0 k/ft )
= 6.6 k/ft
The load for a simply supported beam and design for the positive moment of
the beam and 4.8 k/ft
wu ln2 ( 6.6 k/ft )( 28 ft.)
=
8
8
= 646.8 k-ft
Mu =
Assume that the tension controlled so that = 0.9 and 1= 0.85, because fc
=4 ksi
c values.
( 60 ksi ) ( 6.32 in 2 )
a=
=
0.85 f cb 0.85 ( 4 ksi )(16 in.)
f y As
= 6.971 in.
a 6.971 in.
c=
=
= 8.201 in.
1
0.85
min
200
200
f = 60000 = 0.00333
y
= larger of
min = 0.00333
3
f
3
4000
c
=
= 0.00316
fy
60000
Check the value.

=
As
6.32 in 2
=
bd (16 in.)( 26.5 in.)
= 0.0149 0.00333 OK!

c 8.201 in.
=
= 0.309 0.375 ok!
d 26.5 in.
or
d c
26.5 in. 8.201 in.

0.003
8.201 in.
= 0.00669 0.005 OK!
t =
0.003 =
c

a
6.971 in.
M n = f y As d = ( 60 ksi ) ( 6.32 in 2 ) 26.5 in.
2
2
= 8727.1 k-in.

M n = M n = 0.9 ( 8727.1 k-in.)
= 7854.4 k-in. 654.5 k-ft
654.5 k-ft 646.8 k-ft
overdesigned =
100 % = 1.20 %
646.8 k-ft
The beam is over-designed by 1.2 %, which is less than 10%. Check to see if
the bars will fit in the beam using 4 bars (#8 with #4 stirrups) per row
s=
n 1
16 in. 4 (1.0 in.) 2 (1.5 in. + 0.5 in.)
=
3
= 2.67 in.
and spacing will be 2.67 in. between bars

For both cutoff and splicing on needs to know the development length of the
bars.
ld f y
=
d b 20 f c
=
(1.0 )(1.0 )(1.0 ) 60000 = 47.43
20 4000
ld = 47.43d b
ld = 47.43 (1.00 in.) = 47.43 in. Use 48 in.
Determine the capacity of 1 bar

a
M ubar = As f y d
2
6.971 in.
= ( 0.9 ) ( 0.79 in 2 ) ( 60 ksi ) 26.5 in.
= 981.8 k-in. 81.82 k-ft.
So the Mu (1 bar) =81.82k-ft, Mu (2 bars) =163.6 k-ft, Mu (3 bars) =245.4 kft, and Mu (4 bars) =327.3 k-ft. Mu (5 bar) =409.1k-ft, Mu (6 bars) =490.9 kft, Mu (7 bars) =572.7 k-ft, and Mu (8 bars) =654.5 k-ft
Moment Diagram for Half Beam
700
600
Moment (k-ft)
500
400
300
200
100
0
0
10
11
12
13
x (ft)
Bending Moment
8 Bars
6 Bars
4 Bars
Determine the development length and la for the bars. The extension length
la is either 12db=12(1.0 in.) = 12.0 in. or d= 26.5 in. Use la = 26.5 in or 27 in.
Determine where the bar cutoff points meet the moment diagram.. Obtain
the equation for the moment
M u ( x ) = 92.4 k ( x )
( x)
6.6 k/ft
2
14
Set the moment equal to 490.9 k-ft and 327.3 k-ft

490.9 k-ft. = 92.4 k ( x )
( x)
6.6 k-ft
2
x 28 x + 148.76 = 0 7.13 ft. or 85.52 in. 85 in.
2
327.3 k-ft. = 92.4 k ( x )
( x)
6.6 k-ft
2
x 28 x + 98.182 = 0 4.16 ft. or 49.92 in. 49 in.
2
The location of the cut off for a two bars are 85 in.-27 in.= 58 in. (4-ft 10 in.)
and will be symmetrical about the centerline. The location for the bars to be
fully developed is 58 in + 48 in. =106 in.(8-ft 10 in.).
The location of the cut off for a 4 bar is 49 in.- 27 in.= 22 in. (1-ft 10 in.) and
The location for the bar to be fully developed is 22 in + 48 in. =70 in.(5-ft 10
in)
2. Design the compression lap splice for a column section 16-in. x 16-in.
reinforce with 8 #10 bars equally spaced around all faces
a. Given fc = 5-ksi and fy =60-ksi
b. Given fc = 7-ksi and fy =80-ksi
(a) #10 bar, bar placement =1.0, coating, =1.0, size of the bar,
=1.0, and concrete, = 1.0. and db =1.27 in.
fy
60000
= 0.02
ldb 0.02
l
= 16.97
=
d = 18
f
5000
db
db
0.003
f
0.003
60000
18.0
=
=
(
)
y
ldb = 18d b = 18 (1.27 in.)
= 22.86 in.
For fy =60 ksi and check to see that it is greater than 12-in.
ld = 0.0005 f y d b
= 0.0005 ( 60000 psi )(1.27 in.)
= 38.1 in. Use 39.0 in.
(b) #10 bar, bar placement =1.0, coating, =1.0, size of the bar,
=1.0, and concrete, = 1.0. and db =1.27 in.
fy
80000
= 0.02
ldb 0.02
l
= 19.12
=
d = 24.0
f
7000
db
db
0.003
f
=
0.003
80000
=
24.0
(
)
y
ldb = 24.0d b = 24.0 (1.27 in.)
= 30.48 in.
For fy =80 ksi and check to see that it is greater than 12-in.
ld = ( 0.0009 f y 24 ) d b
= ( 0.0009 ( 80000 psi ) 24 ) (1.27 in.)
= 60.96 in. Use 61.0 in.
A simply supported uniform loaded beam carries a total factored load of

4.8 k/ft (this includes the beam weight) on a clear span of 34-ft, fc =3ksi and fy = 40-ksi. Assume that the supports are 12-in wide and assume
the bars are available in 30-ft lengths
c. Design a rectangular beam (tension steel only)
d. Determine bar cutoffs.
e. Locate splices and determine lap length.
The load for a simply supported beam and design for the positive moment of
the beam and 4.8 k/ft
w l 2 ( 4.8 k/ft )( 34 ft.)
Mu = u n =
8
8
= 693.6 k-ft
k '
Ru = 0.85 f c k ' 1
2
( 0.2125 )
= 0.85 ( 3 ksi )( 0.2125 ) 1
= 0.4843 ksi
bd2 from b= 0.55 d
Mu

M
Ru bd 2 = u bd 2 =
Ru
693.6 k-ft 12 in.
0.9
1 ft.
bd 2 =
0.4843 ksi
= 19096 in 3

0.55d 3 = 19096 in 3
d=
19096 in 3
= 32.62 in.
0.55
and
b= 0.55(32.94 in.) = 17.94 in.
k = 0.2125 and a = kd= 0.2125*(32.5 in.) = 6.906 in. and compute the
amount of steel needed.
As =
0.85 f cba
fy
0.85 ( 3 ksi )(18 in.)( 6.906 in.)

( 40 ksi )
= 7.92 in 2
c values.
( 40 ksi ) (8.00 in 2 )
a=
=
0.85 f cb 0.85 ( 3 ksi )(18 in.)
f y As
= 6.972 in.
a 6.972 in.
c=
=
= 8.202 in.
1
0.85
min
200
200
=
= 0.005
f
40000
y
= larger of
min = 0.005
3
f
3
3000
c
=
= 0.00411
fy
40000
Check the value.

=
As
8.00 in 2
=
bd (18 in.)( 32.5 in.)
= 0.013675 0.005 OK!

c 8.202 in.
=
= 0.252 0.375 ok!
d 32.5 in.
or
d c
32.5 in. 8.202 in.

0.003
8.202 in.
= 0.00887 0.005 OK!
t =
0.003 =
c

a
6.972 in.
M n = f y As d = ( 40 ksi ) ( 8.00 in 2 ) 32.5 in.
2
2
= 9284.5 k-in.

M n = M n = 0.9 ( 9284.5 k-in.)
= 8356.1 k-in. 696.3 k-ft
696.3 k-ft 693.6 k-ft
overdesigned =
100 % = 0.39 %
693.6 k-ft
s=
n 1
18 in. 4 (1.128 in.) 2 (1.5 in. + 0.5 in.)
=
3
= 3.16 in.
and spacing will be 3.16 in. between bars. So you could have bars next to
one another for splicing.
For both cutoff and splicing on needs to know the development length of the
bars.
ld f y
=
d b 20 f c
=
(1.0 )(1.0 )(1.0 ) 40000 = 36.51
20 3000
ld = 36.51d b
ld = 36.51(1.128 in.) = 41.19 in. Use 42 in.
Determine the capacity of 1 bar

a
M ubar = As f y d
2
6.972 in.
= ( 0.9 ) (1.00 in 2 ) ( 40 ksi ) 32.5 in.
= 1044.5 k-in. 87.04 k-ft.
So the Mu (1 bar) =87.04k-ft, Mu (2 bars) =174.1 k-ft, Mu (3 bars) =261.2 kft, and
Mu (4 bars) =348.2 k-ft. Mu (5 bar) =435.2k-ft, Mu (6 bars)
=522.4 k-ft, Mu (7 bars) =609.3 k-ft, and Mu (8 bars) =696.3 k-ft
la is either 12db=12(1.127 in.) = 13.52 in. or d= 32.5 in. Use la = 32.5 in or
33 in.
Determine where the bar cutoff points meet the moment diagram.. Obtain
the equation for the moment
M u ( x ) = 81.6 k ( x )
( x)
4.8 k/ft
2

522.4 k-ft. = 81.6 k ( x )
( x)
4.8 k-ft
2
x 34 x + 217.67 = 0 8.55 ft. or 102.65 in. 102 in.
2
25.45 ft. or 305.4 in. 306 in.
348.3 k-ft. = 81.6 k ( x )
( x)
4.8 k-ft
2
x 34 x + 145.125 = 0 5.00 ft. or 60 in. 60 in.
2
29.0 ft. or 348 in. 348 in.
The location of the cut off for a single bar is 102 in.- 33 in.= 69 in. (5-ft 9
in.) and 306- in +33 in. = 339 in. (28.ft 3 in.) with a bar length of 22 ft. The
location for the bar to be fully developed is 69 in + 42 in. =111 in. and 339
in. 42 in. = 297 in.
The location of the cut off for a 4 bar is 60 in.- 33 in.= 27 in. (2-ft 3 in.) and
348- in +33 in. = 381 in. (31.ft 9 in.) with a bar length of 29.5 ft. The
location for the bar to be fully developed is 27 in + 42 in. =69 in. and 381 in.
42 in. = 339 in.
For lap splice to be a Class A splice in tension, the area ratio must be twice
be twice that of the required area. The cut-off of the 2 bars from 6 to 4 bars,
have a total length of 29.5 ft, so no splice on the bars were need. The
remaining 4 bars can be 30 ft long with an overlap of ld or 42 in., there is a
space of 24 in on either side of the bar for the full 34 ft. so the lengths of the
added bars are 24 in + 42 in. = 66 in. with splice length = 42 in.
CVEN 444
Assignment 14
due 7/18/03

1. Determine the length of the top and bottom bars for the external
span of the continuous beam. The concrete is normal weight
and the bars are Grade 60. The total uniformly distributed
factored gravity load on the beam is wu = 6.5 k/ft (including
self-weight). The beam has an fc = 4 ksi, fy = 60 ksi, b= 14-in.,
h= 28-in. and concrete cover=1.5-in.
a. Determine the singly reinforce beam needed for external
beams for both the positive and negative moments.
b. Draw the shear and bending moment diagrams for the
beam and determine the amount of steel need for
bending. Use the ACI code to find your moments. Hint:
There are more than one set of bending moment
diagrams.
Determine the load for the beam and design for the positive moment and
negative moments of the beam and 6.5 k/ft from ACI 8.3.3 with more than 2
spans
2
w l 2 ( 6.5 k/ft )( 25 ft.)

M = un =
= 253.91 k-ft
16
16
wu ln2 ( 6.5 k/ft )( 25 ft.)

M =
=
= 290.18 k-ft
14
14
+
u
wu ln2 ( 6.5 k/ft )( 25 ft.)

M =
=
= 406.25 k-ft
10
10
Assume that the tension controlled so that = 0.9 Assume a single layer of
steel and 1= 0.85, because fc =4 ksi and find Ru and k needed.
12 in.
406.25
k-ft
Mu
ft
0.9
Ru = 2 =
2
bd
(14 in.)( 25.5 in )
= 0.595 ksi
2 Ru
k '
Ru = 0.85 f c k ' 1 k = 1 1
2
0.85f c
k = 1 1
2 ( 0.595 ksi )
0.85 ( 4 ksi )
= 0.1938
The k value=k/1= 0.1938/ 0.85= 0.2280 which is less than 0.375 The area
of steel need is given as
As f y = 0.85 f cba As =
As =
0.85 f cbdk
fy
0.85 ( 4 ksi )(14 in.)( 25.5 in.)( 0.1938 )

( 60 ksi )
= 3.92 in 2
c values.
( 60 ksi ) ( 4.00 in 2 )
a=
=
0.85 f cb 0.85 ( 4 ksi )(14 in.)
f y As
= 5.042 in.
a 5.042 in.
c=
=
= 5.932 in.
1
0.85
min
200
200
f = 60000 = 0.00333
y
= larger of
min = 0.00333
3 f c = 3 4000 = 0.00316
fy
60000
Check the value.

=
As
4.00 in 2
=
bd (14 in.)( 25.5 in.)
= 0.0112 0.005 OK!

c 5.932 in.
=
= 0.233 0.375 ok!
d
25.5 in.
or
d c
25.5 in. 5.923 in.

0.003
5.923 in.
= 0.00992 0.005 OK!
t =
0.003 =
c

a
5.042 in.
M n = f y As d = ( 60 ksi ) ( 4.00 in 2 ) 25.5 in.
2
2
= 5515.0 k-in.

M n = M n = 0.9 ( 5515.0 k-in.)
= 4963.5 k-in. 413.6 k-ft
413.6 k-ft 406.25 k-ft
overdesigned =
100 % = 1.82 %
406.25 k-ft
if the bars will fit in the beam using 4 bars (#9 with #4 stirrups) in a row
s=
n 1
14 in. 4 (1.128 in.) 2 (1.5 in. + 0.5 in.)
=
3
= 1.83 in.
and spacing will be 1.83 in. between bars. For the other two cross-section ,
you can follow the same procedure and the resulting set is
k=c/d
0.119
0.158
0.194
Mu
253.91 k-ft
290.18 k-ft
406.25 k-ft
As(req)
Bars
2
2.35 in
2
2.71 in
2
3.92 in
3 #8
2 #8 & 2 #7
4 #9
As(provided)
2
2.37 in
2
2.78 in
2
4.00 in
Overdesign
0.83%
2.37%
1.82%
You will need to draw the moment diagrams in order to find cutoff points
for the bars and also know how to find the inflection points. We have three
points 253.9 k-ft, +290.2 k-ft and 406.3. k-ft. One to find the cut-offs for
the negative and the positive moments, so we need to moment diagrams one
matching the smallest negative moment with the positive moment and one
matching the two negative moments.
Remember singularity functions can be used to write the moment function.

The problem is to match the moments. The shear and moment equations can
be written as
0
V ( x ) = P x 6.5 k/ft x
6.5 k/ft x
M ( x ) = 253.9 k-ft x + P x
2
0
Using the positive moment 290.2 k-ft, we need location and P value to
match the equations. The maximum moment will occur when the shear is
zero,
0
0 = P x 6.5 k/ft x P = 6.5 k/ft ( x )

6.5 k/ft ( x )
290.2 k-ft = 253.9 k-ft +
2
x = 12.94 ft P = 84.1 k
The plot of the shear and bending moment diagrams are

Shear Diagram
100
80
84.1 k
Shear Force (kips)
60
40
20
12.94 ft
0
-20 0
10
15
20
25
-40
-60
78.4 k
-80
-100
x (ft)
Bending Moment
400
290.2 k-ft
300
Moment (k-ft)
200
100
0
0
10
15
20
25
-100
-182.7 k-ft
-200
-253.91 k-ft
-300
x (ft)
Using the positive moment 406.25 k-ft @ 25 ft, we need location and P
value to match the equations.
6.5 k/ft ( 25 ft.)
406.25 k-ft = 253.91 k-ft + P ( 25 ft.)
2
P = 75.156 k

Shear Diagram
100
75.16 k
80
Shear Force (kips)
60
40
20
0
-20
10
15
20
-40
-60
-80
87.4 k
-100
x (ft)
25
Bending Moment
300
180.6 k-ft
200
Moment (k-ft)
100
0
0
10
15
20
25
-100
-200
-300
-253.91 k-ft
-406.3 k-ft
-400
-500
x (ft)
CVEN 444
Assignment 15
due 7/21/03

The concrete is normal weight and the bars are Grade 60. The
uniformly distributed load on the beam has wDL = 1.6 k/ft (including
self-weight) and wLL = 3.6 k/ft. The beam has an fc = 4 ksi, fy = 60 ksi,
b= 14-in., d= 25.5-in., concrete cover=1.5-in. and the strength of the
shear reinforcement is fsy = 40 ksi. Determine the shear
reinforcement for the beam. Draw the stirrup layout for the beam.
Note that the maximum shear will occur at the interior column.
Compute the loads of the beam

wu = 1.2 wDL + 1.6 wLL
= 1.2 (1.6 k/ft ) + 1.6 ( 3.6 k/ft )
= 7.68 k/ft
The dead load component is 1.92 k/ft and live load component is 5.76 k/ft.
The maximum shear at the inside beam is

7.68 k/ft ( 25 ft )
Vu(max) = 1.15
= 110.4 k
2
V 110.4 k
= 147.2 k
Vn(max) = u =
0.75
Using pattern loading, the maximum shear force at center will be

5.76 k/ft ( 25 ft )
Vu(center) =
= 18.0 k
8
V 18.0 k
Vn(max) = u =
= 24.0 k
0.75
Compute the strength of the concrete

Vc = 2 f c bd = 2 4000 (14 in.)( 25.5 in.)
1k
1000 lb
= 45.16 k
The maximum allowable shear force without shear reinforcement is (Vc/2 =

22.58 k) The equation for shear force is
V ( x ) = mx + b
24 k 147.2 k
= 9.856 k/ft
12.5 ft. 0 ft.
V ( x ) = 9.856 k/ft ( x ) + 147.2 k
m=
The shear diagram is

Shear Diagram
140
Shear (kips)
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0
2.5
7.5
10
12.5
x (ft)
V
Vc
Vc/2
The maximum design shear occurs at d (25.5 in or 2.125 ft)

V ( x ) = 9.856 k/ft ( 2.125 ft.) + 147.2 k
= 126.26 k
Determine the maximum shear force that the steel needs to provide
Vs= Vmax Vc = 126.26 k 45.16 k= 81.1 k. Determine the maximum
allowable spacing from the Vs 4 f c bd = 90.32 k so that
smax
d 25.5 in.
= 12.75 in.
=
2
smax 12.75 in.
2
24 in.
The minimum spacing for a # 4 bar is

s
Av f y
50bw
( 0.4 in ) ( 40000 psi ) = 22.86 in.

=
2
50 (14 in.)
So the absolute maximum spacing is 12.75 in.

Try #4 bar (0.2 in2) and Av = 2(0.2 in2) = 0.4 in2, the actual required spacing
is
Av f y d
Vs =
Av f y d
Vs
( 0.4 in ) ( 40 ksi )( 25.5 in )

s
2
81.1 k
s 5.03 in. Use s = 4.0 in.
Use 13 bars at 4-in spacing so that the distance will be (n-1)*4-in = 12*4-in
= 48-in or 4 ft.
Vs =
Av f y d
( 0.4 in ) ( 40 ksi )( 25.5 in )

=
2
4.0 in.
s
= 102.0 k
Vn = Vc + Vs = 45.2 k + 102.0 k
= 147.2 k
Compute the shear at 4-ft. and the shear strength the steel will need to
provide.
Vn ( x ) = 9.856 k/ft ( 4 ft.) + 147.2 k
= 107.78 k
Vs = Vn Vc = 107.78 k 45.2 k
= 62.6 k
Use a #4 bar (0.2 in2) and Av = 2(0.2 in2) = 0.4 in2, the actual required
spacing is
Av f y d
Vs =
Av f y d
Vs
( 0.4 in ) ( 40 ksi )( 25.5 in )

s
2
62.6 k
s 6.52 in. Use s = 6.0 in.
Use 7 bars at 6-in spacing so that the distance will be 48-in.+(n)*6-in = 48in.+7*6-in = 90-in or 7.5 ft.
Vs =
( 0.4 in ) ( 40 ksi )( 25.5 in )

=
2
Av f y d
s
= 68.0 k
6.0 in.
Vn = Vc + Vs = 45.2 k + 68.0 k
= 113.2 k
Compute the shear at 7.5-ft. and the shear strength the steel will need to
provide.
Vn ( x ) = 9.856 k/ft ( 7.5 ft.) + 147.2 k
= 73.3 k
Vs = Vn Vc = 73.3 k 45.2 k
= 28.1 k
spacing is
Vs =
Av f y d
Av f y d
Vs
( 0.4 in ) ( 40 ksi )( 25.5 in )

s
2
28.1 k
s 14.5 in. Use s = 12.0 in.
Use 5 bars at 12-in spacing so that the distance will be 90-in.+(n)*12-in =

90-in.+5*12-in = 150-in or 12.5 ft.
Vs =
Av f y d
s
= 34.0 k
( 0.4 in ) ( 40 ksi )( 25.5 in )

=
2
12.0 in.
Vn = Vc + Vs = 45.2 k + 34.0 k
= 79.2 k
The summary is given as

start (ft)
0
0.33
4.00
7.50
finish (ft)
0.33
4
7.5
12.5
bar
4
4
4
4
# of bars
2
11
7
5
Vs(req) (kips)
s(req) (in)
s(used) (in)
Vs(provided) (kips)
Vn (kips)
81.1
81.1
62.6
28.1
5.03
5.03
6.52
14.51
4
4
6
12
102
102
68
34
147.2
147.2
113.2
79.2
The shear envelope is given as
Shear Diagram
160
13#4 bars @ 4-in Vn=147.2 k
Shear Force (kips)
140
7#4 bars @ 6-in Vn=113.2 k
120
100
5#4 bars @ 12-in Vn=79.2 k
80
60
40
20
0
0
2.5
7.5
10
x (ft)
V
Vc
Vc/2
12.5
The final layout of the beam is
The bars would extend into the column on the left-hand side at 4-in. spacing.
CVEN 444
Assignment 16
due 7/23/03

The concrete is normal weight and the bars are Grade 60. The
uniformly distributed load on the beam has wDL = 1.8 k/ft (including
self-weight) and wLL = 3.6 k/ft. The beam has an fc = 5 ksi, fy = 60 ksi,
b= 15-in., d= 26.5-in., concrete cover=1.5-in. and the strength of the
shear reinforcement is fsy = 40 ksi. Design the beam.
Compute the loads of the beam

wu = 1.2 wDL + 1.6 wLL
= 1.2 (1.8 k/ft ) + 1.6 ( 3.6 k/ft )
= 7.92 k/ft
Determine the load for the beam and design for the positive moment and
negative moments of the beam and 7.92 k/ft from ACI 8.3.3 with more than
2 spans
2
w l 2 ( 7.92 k/ft )( 28 ft.)

M = un =
= 388.08 k-ft
16
16
wu ln2 ( 7.92 k/ft )( 28 ft.)

M =
=
= 443.52 k-ft
14
14
+
u
wu ln2 ( 7.92 k/ft )( 28 ft.)

M =
=
= 620.93 k-ft
10
10
Assume that the tension controlled so that = 0.9 Assume a single layer of
steel and 1= 0.80, because fc =5 ksi and find Ru and k needed.
12 in.
620.93
k-ft
Mu
ft
0.9
Ru = 2 =
2
bd
(15 in.)( 26.5 in )
= 0.786 ksi
2 Ru
k '
Ru = 0.85 f c k ' 1 k = 1 1
2
0.85f c
k = 1 1
2 ( 0.786 ksi )
0.85 ( 5 ksi )
= 0.2062
The k value=k/1= 0.2062/ 0.80= 0.2580 which is less than 0.375 The area
of steel need is given as
As f y = 0.85 f cba As =
As =
0.85 f cbdk
fy
0.85 ( 5 ksi )(15 in.)( 26.5 in.)( 0.2062 )

( 60 ksi )
= 5.81 in 2
c values.
( 60 ksi ) ( 6.32 in 2 )
a=
=
0.85 f cb 0.85 ( 5 ksi )(15 in.)
f y As
= 5.948 in.
a 5.948 in.
c=
=
= 7.435 in.
1
0.8
min
200
200
f = 60000 = 0.00333
y
= larger of
min = 0.00354
3 f c = 3 5000 = 0.00354
fy
60000
Check the value.

=
As
6.32 in 2
=
bd (15 in.)( 26.5 in.)
= 0.0159 0.005 OK!

c 7.435 in.
=
= 0.281 0.375 ok!
d
26.5 in.
or
d c
26.5 in. 7.435 in.

0.003
7.435 in.
= 0.00769 0.005 OK!
t =
0.003 =
c

a
5.948 in.
M n = f y As d = ( 60 ksi ) ( 6.32 in 2 ) 26.5 in.
2
2
= 8921.0 k-in.

M n = M n = 0.9 ( 8921.0 k-in.)
= 8028.9 k-in. 669.1 k-ft
669.1 k-ft 620.93 k-ft
overdesigned =
100 % = 7.75 %
620.93 k-ft
if the bars will fit in the beam using 4 bars (#8 with #4 stirrups) in a row
s=
n 1
15 in. 4 (1.0 in.) 2 (1.5 in. + 0.5 in.)
=
3
= 2.33 in.
and spacing will be 2.33 in. between bars. For the other two cross-section ,
you can follow the same procedure and the resulting set is
k=c/d
0.154
0.178
0.258
Mu
388.08 k-ft
443.52 k-ft
620.93 k-ft
As(req)
Bars
2
3.47 in
2
4.00 in
2
5.81 in
6 #7
6 #8
8 #8
As(provided)
2
3.60 in
2
4.74 in
2
6.32 in
Overdesign
3.54%
16.72%
7.75%
You will need to draw the moment diagrams in order to find cutoff points
for the bars and also know how to find the inflection points. We have three
points 388.1 k-ft, +443.5 k-ft and 620.9. k-ft. One to find the cut-offs for
the negative and the positive moments, so we need to moment diagrams one
matching the smallest negative moment with the positive moment and one
matching the two negative moments.
Remember singularity functions can be used to write the moment function.

The problem is to match the moments. The shear and moment equations can
be written as
0
V ( x ) = P x 7.92 k/ft x
7.92 k/ft x
M ( x ) = 388.1 k-ft x + P x
2
0
Using the positive moment 443.5 k-ft, we need location and P value to
match the equations. The maximum moment will occur when the shear is
zero,
0
0 = P x 7.92 k/ft x P = 7.92 k/ft ( x )

7.92 k/ft ( x )
443.5 k-ft = 388.1 k-ft +
2
x = 14.49 ft P = 114.77 k

Shear Diagram
150
Shear Force (kips)
100
50
0
0
12
16
-50
-100
-150
x (ft)
20
24
28
Bending Moment Diagram

500
400
Bending Moment (k-ft)
300
200
100
0
-100
12
16
20
24
28
-200
-300
-400
-500
x (ft)
Using the positive moment 620.93 k-ft @ 28 ft, we need location and P
value to match the equations.
7.92 k/ft ( 28 ft.)
620.93 k-ft = 388.08 k-ft + P ( 28 ft.)
2
P = 102.564 k

Shear Diagram
150
Shear Force (kips)
100
50
0
0
12
16
20
24
28
20
24
28
-50
-100
-150
x (ft)
Bending Moment Diagram

400
300
200
100
0
-100 0
12
16
-200
-300
-400
-500
-600
-700
x (ft)
For the positive cutoff needs to know the development length of the bars.
ld f y
=
d b 20 f c
=
(1.0 )(1.0 )(1.0 ) 60000 = 42.43
20 5000
ld = 42.43d b
ld = 42.43 (1.00 in.) = 42.43 in. Use 43 in.
Determine the value of a and the capacity of 1 bar

a=
As f y
0.85 f cb
( 4.74 in ) ( 60 ksi )
=
2
0.85 ( 5 ksi )(15 in.)
= 4.46 in.
a
M ubar = As f y d
2
4.46 in.
= ( 0.9 ) ( 0.79 in 2 ) ( 60 ksi ) 26.5 in.
= 1035.3 k-in. 86.28 k-ft.
So the Mu (1 bar) =86.28k-ft, Mu (2 bars) =172.6 k-ft, Mu (3 bars) =258.8 kft, and Mu (4 bars) =345.1 k-ft. Mu (5 bar) =431.4k-ft, and Mu (6 bars)
=517.7 k-ft
Bar Cutoff - Bending Moment
600
6 bars
500
400
4 bars
300
2 bars
200
100
0
0
12
16
20
24
28
-100
-200
-300
-400
-500
x (ft)
Determine where the bar cutoff points meet the moment diagram. Cut off
only two bars . Obtain the equation for the moment
M u ( x ) = 388.1 k-ft + 114.1 k ( x )
( x)
7.92 k/ft
2

345.1 k-ft. = 388.1k-ft. + 114.77 k ( x )
( x)
7.92 k-ft
2
x 28.983x + 185.152 = 0 9.507 ft. or 19.476 ft 114 in. or 234 in.
2
The location of the cut off for a two bars are 114 in.-27 in.= 87 in. (7-ft 3 in.)
and 234 in.+27 in.= 261 in. (21-ft 9 in.). The location for the bars to be fully
developed is 87 in + 43 in. =130 in.(10-ft 10 in.) and 261 in-43 in. =218
in.(18-ft 1 in.).
For the negative cutoff needs to know the development length of the bars.
ld f y
=
d b 20 f c
=
(1.3)(1.0 )(1.0 ) 60000 = 55.15
20 5000
ld = 55.15d b
ld = 55.15 (1.00 in.) = 55.15 in. Use 56 in.
For a #7 bar db=0.875 in.

ld f y
=
d b 20 f c
=
(1.3)(1.0 )(1.0 ) 60000 = 55.15
20 5000
ld = 55.15d b
ld = 55.15 ( 0.875 in.) = 48.26 in. Use 49 in.
Look at the interior wall and components of 8 #8 bars

Negative Cutoff at Interior Wall
400
200
0
0
12
16
2 bars
20
24
28
-200
4 bars
-400
6 bars
-600
8 bars
-800
x (ft)
Determine where the inflection points are
0 k-ft. = 388.1k-ft. + 102.564 k ( x )
( x)
7.92 k-ft
2
x 25.9 x + 98.005 = 0 4.602 ft. or 21.298 ft 55.2 in. or 255 in.
2
The inflection point on the right side is at 21.3 ft or 6.7 ft from the wall, so it
is impractical to cutoff the first set of two bars because the development
length is 56 in or 4.67 ft + la, so end all of the bars at the inflection point and
la = 255-in. 27 in. = 228. in.(19 ft) and the development length is 228-in +
56 in.= 284 in(23 ft 8 in)
The inflection point on the left side is at 4.6 ft from the wall, so it is
impractical to cutoff the first set of two bars because the development length
is 49 in or 4.1 ft + la, so end all of the bars at the inflection point and la = 56in. + 27 in. = 83. in.(6 ft 11-in) and the development length is 83-in + 49
in.= 34 in(2 ft 10 in)
The #7 bar does not have the development length in the column, therefore it
will need either a 90o hook or 180o hook.
Check the embedment length of 90o hook. The basic development length
lhd 1200 1200
=
=
= 16.97
db
5000
fc
lhd = 16.97d b = 16.97 ( 0.875 in.)
= 14.85 in.
Use ldh = 15 in. Check to see it is greater 8db=8(0.875in.) = 7.0in. or 6in,

which is correct. The depth of the 12db = 12(0.875in.) = 10.5in. use 12
in. There is sufficient length with 18-in column.
Compute the stirrup components.
The maximum shear at the inside beam is
7.92 k/ft ( 28 ft )
Vu(max) = 1.15
= 127.5 k
2
V 127.5 k
= 170.0 k
Vn(max) = u =
0.75
Using pattern loading, the maximum shear force at center will be

5.76 k/ft ( 28 ft )
Vu(center) =
= 20.16 k
8
V
20.16 k
Vn(max) = u =
= 26.9 k
0.75
Compute the strength of the concrete

Vc = 2 f c bd = 2 5000 (15 in.)( 26.5 in.)
1k
1000 lb
= 56.21 k
The maximum allowable shear force without shear reinforcement is (Vc/2 =

28.11 k) The equation for shear force is
V ( x ) = mx + b
26.9 k 170 k
= 10.221 k/ft
14 ft. 0 ft.
V ( x ) = 10.221 k/ft ( x ) + 170.0 k
m=
The shear diagram is

Shear Diagram
160
140
Shear (kips)
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0
10
12
14
x(ft)
V
Vc
Vc/2
The maximum design shear occurs at d (26.5 in or 2.208 ft)

V ( x ) = 10.221 k/ft ( 2.208 ft.) + 170.0 k
= 147.44 k
Determine the maximum shear force that the steel needs to provide
Vs= Vmax Vc = 147.44 k 56.21 k= 91.23 k. Determine the maximum
allowable spacing from the Vs 4 f c bd = 112.42 k so that
smax
d 26.5 in.
= 13.25 in.
=
2
smax 13.25 in.
2
24 in.
The minimum spacing for a # 4 bar is

s
Av f y
50bw
( 0.4 in ) ( 40000 psi ) = 21.33 in.

=
2
50 (15 in.)
So the absolute maximum spacing is 13.25 in.

Try #4 bar (0.2 in2) and Av = 2(0.2 in2) = 0.4 in2, the actual required spacing
is
Av f y d
Vs =
Av f y d
Vs
( 0.4 in ) ( 40 ksi )( 26.5 in )

s
2
91.23 k
s 4.65 in. Use s = 4.0 in.
Use 16 bars at 4-in spacing so that the distance will be (n-1)*4-in = 15*4-in
= 60-in or 5 ft.
Vs =
Av f y d
( 0.4 in ) ( 40 ksi )( 26.5 in )

=
2
4.0 in.
s
= 106.0 k
Vn = Vc + Vs = 56.2 k + 106.0 k
= 162.2 k
Compute the shear at 5-ft. and the shear strength the steel will need to
provide.
Vn ( x ) = 10.224 k/ft ( 5 ft.) + 170.0 k
= 118.9 k
Vs = Vn Vc = 118.9 k 56.2 k
= 62.7 k
spacing is
Vs =
Av f y d
Av f y d
Vs
( 0.4 in ) ( 40 ksi )( 26.5 in )

s
2
62.7 k
s 6.76 in. Use s = 6.0 in.
Use 6 bars at 6-in spacing so that the distance will be 60-in.+(n)*6-in = 60in.+6*6-in = 96-in or 8.0 ft.
Vs =
Av f y d
s
= 70.7 k
( 0.4 in ) ( 40 ksi )( 25.5 in )

=
2
6.0 in.
Vn = Vc + Vs = 56.2 k + 70.7 k
= 126.9 k
Compute the shear at 8.0-ft. and the shear strength the steel will need to
provide.
Vn ( x ) = 10.22 k/ft ( 8.0 ft.) + 170.0 k
= 88.2 k
Vs = Vn Vc = 88.2 k 56.2 k
= 32.0 k
spacing is
Vs =
Av f y d
Av f y d
Vs
( 0.4 in ) ( 40 ksi )( 26.5 in )

s
2
32.0 k
s 13.25 in. Use s = 12.0 in.
Use 6 bars at 12-in spacing so that the distance will be 96-in.+(n)*12-in =

96-in.+6*12-in = 168-in or 14-ft.
Vs =
Av f y d
s
= 35.3 k
( 0.4 in ) ( 40 ksi )( 26.5 in )

=
2
12.0 in.
Vn = Vc + Vs = 56.2 k + 35.3 k
= 91.5 k
The summary is given as

start (ft) finish (ft)
0
0.33
0.33
5
5.00
8
8.00
14
bar
4
4
4
4
# of bars
2
14
6
6
Vs(req) (kips)
91.2
91.2
62.7
32.0
s(req) (in) s(used) (in) Vs(provided) (kips) Vn (kips)

4.65
4
106
162.2
4.65
4
106
162.2
6.76
6
70.66666667
126.9
13.25
12
35.33333333
91.5
The shear envelope is given as

Shear Design
180
16 #4 @ 4-in. Vn =162.2 k
160
140
6 #4 @ 6-in. Vn =126.9 k
Shear (kips)
120
6 #4 @ 12-in. Vn =91.5 k
100
80
60
40
20
0
0
10
Vc/2
x(ft)
V
Vc
12
14
CVEN 444
Assignment 17
due 7/30/03

Calculate the axial load strength Pn for columns having the crosssection. Assume zero eccentricity for all cases. Case (a), (b) (c), and
(d) are tied, case (e) is spirally reinforced.
Case (a)
Ag = bh = (10 in.)(14 in.) = 140 in 2
As = 4 #8 = 4 ( 0.79 in 2 ) = 3.16 in 2
P0 = 0.85 f c ( Ag As ) + f y As
= 0.85 ( 4 ksi ) (140 in 2 3.16 in 2 ) + ( 60 ksi ) ( 3.16 in 2
= 654.86 k
Pn = rP0 = 0.8 ( 654.86 k ) = 523.88 k
Pu = Pn = 0.65 ( 523.88 k ) = 340.53 k
Case (b)
Ag = bh = (15 in.)(15 in.) = 225 in 2
As = 8#9 = 8 (1.00 in 2 ) = 8.00 in 2
P0 = 0.85 f c ( Ag As ) + f y As
= 0.85 ( 5 ksi ) ( 225 in 2 8.00 in 2 ) + ( 50 ksi ) ( 8.00 in 2 )
= 1322.25 k
Pn = rP0 = 0.8 (1322.25 k ) = 1057.8 k
Pu = Pn = 0.65 (1057.8 k ) = 687.57 k
Case (c)
Ag = bh = (12 in.)( 20 in.) = 240 in 2
As = 6 #10 = 6 (1.27 in 2 ) = 7.62 in 2
P0 = 0.85 f c ( Ag As ) + f y As
= 0.85 ( 9 ksi ) ( 240 in 2 7.62 in 2 ) + ( 60 ksi ) ( 7.62 in 2 )
= 2234.91 k
Pn = rP0 = 0.8 ( 2234.91 k ) = 1787.9 k
Pu = Pn = 0.65 (1787.9 k ) = 1162.2 k
Case (d)
2
18 in.
2
Ag = r =
= 254.47 in
2
2
As = 6 #8 = 6 ( 0.79 in 2 ) = 4.74 in 2
P0 = 0.85 f c ( Ag As ) + f y As
= 0.85 ( 4 ksi ) ( 254.47 in 2 4.74 in 2 ) + ( 60 ksi ) ( 4.74 in 2 )
= 1133.48 k
Pn = rP0 = 0.85 (1133.48 k ) = 963.46 k
Pu = Pn = 0.70 ( 963.46 k ) = 674.42 k
Case (e)
2
25 in.
2
Ag = r 2 =
= 490.87 in
2
As = 8#8 = 8 (1.27 in 2 ) = 10.16 in 2
P0 = 0.85 f c ( Ag As ) + f y As
= 0.85 ( 4 ksi ) ( 490.87 in 2 10.16 in 2 ) + ( 60 ksi ) (10.16 in 2 )
= 2244.03 k
Pn = rP0 = 0.85 ( 2244.03 k ) = 1907.42 k
Pu = Pn = 0.70 (1907.42 k ) = 1335.2 k
CVEN 444
Assignment 18
due 8/1/03

1. Construct the load moment interaction diagram for the cross-sections
shown
The first point is pure compression

Ag = bh = (10 in.)(14 in.) = 140 in 2
As = 4 #8 = 4 ( 0.79 in 2 ) = 3.16 in 2
P0 = 0.85 f c ( Ag As ) + f y As
= 0.85 ( 4 ksi ) (140 in 2 3.16 in 2 ) + ( 60 ksi ) ( 3.16 in 2 )
= 654.86 k
Pn = rP0 = 0.8 ( 654.86 k ) = 523.88 k
Pure tension is
Pn = ( 60 ksi ) ( 3.16 in 2 )
= 189.6 k
The value of d = 14 in 2.5 in. = 11.5 in. and the yield strain of steel is 60
ksi/29000 ksi = 0.00207. Determine where the balanced value of c is
cu
0.003
cb =
d =
(11.5 in.) = 6.80 in.
0.003 + 0.00207
cu + s
a = 1c = 0.85 ( 6.8 in.) = 5.78 in.
The compression strain is

( c d )
( 6.80 in. 2.5 in.)
0.003 =
0.003 = 0.00190
6.8 in.
c
fs = Es s = ( 29000 ksi )( 0.00190 ) = 55.07 ksi
s =
For the tension steel

(d c)
(11.5 in. 6.8 in.)
0.003 =
0.003 = 0.00207
6.8 in.
c
fs = Es s = ( 29000 ksi )( 0.00207 ) = 60.0 ksi
s =
Compute the individual components of the equilibrium and the moment

Cc = 0.85 f cba = 0.85 ( 4 ksi )(10 in.)( 5.78 in.) = 196.5 k
Cs = As f s = (1.58 in 2 ) ( 55.07 ksi 0.85 ( 4 ksi ) ) = 81.6 k
Ts = As fs = (1.58 in 2 ) ( 60 ksi ) = 94.8 k
Pn = Cc + Cs Ts = 196.5 k + 81.6 k 94.8 k = 183.3 k
The moment is
h
h a
h
M n = Cc + Cs d + Ts d
2
2 2
2
5.78 in.
= (196.5 k ) 7 in.
+ ( 81.6 k )( 7 in. 2.5 in.) + ( 94.8 k )(11.5 in. 7 in.)
2
= 1601.3 k-in.
Determine the eccentricity of the point

e=
M n 1601.3 k-in.
=
Pn
261.9 k
= 8.05 in.
Select a c value for the problem one in the compression-controlled region

c/d >0.6 Chose c= 10 in. so c/d = 0.87
a = 1c = 0.85 (10 in.) = 8.5 in.

( c d )
(10.0 in. 2.5 in.)
0.003 =
0.003 = 0.00225
10.0 in.
c
fs = Es s = ( 29000 ksi )( 0.00225 ) = 65.25 ksi Use 60 ksi
s =

(d c)
(11.5 in. 10 in.)
0.003 =
0.003 = 0.00045
10 in.
c
fs = Es s = ( 29000 ksi )( 0.00045 ) = 13.05 ksi
s =

Cc = 0.85 f cba = 0.85 ( 4 ksi )(10 in.)( 8.5 in.) = 289 k
Cs = As f s = (1.58 in 2 ) ( 60 ksi 0.85 ( 4 ksi ) ) = 89.4 k
Ts = As fs = (1.58 in 2 ) (13.05 ksi ) = 20.6 k
Pn = Cc + Cs Ts = 289 k + 89.4 k 20.6 k = 357.8 k
The moment is
h
h a
h
2
2 2
2
8.5 in.
= ( 289.0 k ) 7 in.
+ ( 89.4 k )( 7 in. 2.5 in.) + ( 20.6 k )(11.5 in. 7 in.)
2
= 1290.0 k-in.

e=
M n 1290.0 k-in.
=
Pn
357.8 k
= 3.61 in.
Select a c value for the problem one in the tension-controlled region c/d
<0.375 Chose c= 3.5 in. so c/d = 0.304
a = 1c = 0.85 ( 3.5 in.) = 2.975 in.

( c d )
( 3.5 in. 2.5 in.)
0.003 =
0.003 = 0.000857
c
3.5
in.
fs = Es s = ( 29000 ksi )( 0.000857 ) = 24.86 ksi
s =

(d c)
(11.5 in. 3.5 in.)
0.003 =
0.003 = 0.00686
3.5 in.
c
s =

Cc = 0.85 f cba = 0.85 ( 4 ksi )(10 in.)( 2.975 in.) = 101.15 k
Cs = As f s = (1.58 in 2 ) ( 24.9 ksi 0.85 ( 4 ksi ) ) = 33.9 k
Ts = As fs = (1.58 in 2 ) ( 60 ksi ) = 94.8 k
Pn = Cc + Cs Ts = 101.2 k + 33.9 k 94.8 k = 40.3 k
The moment is
h
h a
h
2
2 2
2
2.975 in.
= (101.2 k ) 7 in.
+ ( 33.9 k )( 7 in. 2.5 in.) + ( 94.8 k )(11.5 in. 7 in.)
2
= 1136.8 k-in.

e=
M n 1136.8 k-in.
=
Pn
40.3 k
= 28.24 in.
The other values are computed in a similar fashion. The factor is

computed using
compression
c
0.6
= 0.65
d
controlled
transition
c
0.25
= 0.375 < 0.6

= 0.23 + c
d

region
tension
c
0.375
= 0.9
d
controlled
The resulting numbers are given in the spreadsheet for increments of 0.25 in.
The plot is positive under compression and negative under tension. The
final figure is given as:
Interaction Diagram
600
500
400
Load (k)
300
200
100
0
-100 0
50
100
-200
-300
Moment (k-ft)
Unfactored loads
factored loads
150
Using the interaction diagram, design a column with h = 28 in., = 0.83 and
b = 18 in., PD = 280 k and PL = 520 k and Mu = 744 k-ft. Determine the
amount of reinforcement and type of ties and their spacing for fy = 60 ksi
and fc =5 ksi
From the design loads are
Pu = 1.2 PD + 1.6 PL = 1.2 ( 280 k ) + 1.6 ( 520 k ) = 1168 k
Pn =
Pu
1168 k
= 1796.9 k
0.65
12 in.
744 k-ft
M
1 ft = 13735.4 k-in.
Mn = u =
0.65
Obtain the dimensionless parameters

Kn =
Pn
1796.9 k
=
= 0.713
f c Ag ( 5 ksi )( 28 in.)(18 in.)
Rn =
Mn
13735.4 k-in.
=
= 0.195
f c Ag h ( 5 ksi )( 28 in.)(18 in.)( 28 in.)
Using the interaction diagrams from the book, figures B15 and B16.
=0.038
=0.033
Interpolate between the two values

0.9 0.8
( 0.8)
0.9 0.8
0.033 0.038
= 0.038 +
( 0.83 0.8 ) = 0.0365
0.1
= 0.8 +
The total area of steel is going to be

As = bd = 0.0365 (18 in.)( 25.5 in.)
= 16.75 in 2
Use 6 #11 bars (9.36 in2) for each side of the column.
The coefficient for concrete is
5 ksi 4 ksi
= 0.8
1 ksi
1 = 0.85 0.05
The eccentricity of the column

e=
M u 13735.4 k-in.
=
= 7.64 in.
Pu
1796.9 k
The assume that the compression steel has yielded and the stress in the
tension steel is
(d c)
fs = Es s = Es
0.003
c
( 25.5 in. c )
= ( 29000 ksi )
0.003
c
2218.5
87
c

Cc = 0.85 f cba = 0.85 ( 5 ksi )(18 in.)( 0.8c ) = 61.2c
Cs = As f s = ( 9.36 in 2 ) ( 60 ksi ) = 561.6 k
Ts = As fs = ( 9.36 in 2 ) fs = 9.36 fs
Pn = Cc + Cs Ts = 61.2c + 561.6 k 9.36 fs
Take the moment about the tension steel, the distance from the center to the
tension steel is (28 in 5 in.)/2 =11.5 in. and Mu= Pu*e so e = e +11.5 in.
=7.64-in +11.5 in. =19.14 in. is
h
h a
h
M n = Pn e = Cc + Cs d + Ts d
2
2 2
2
Pn e = Cc d + Cs ( d d )
2
0.8c
Pn =
( 61.2c ) 25.5 in.
+ 561.6 k ( 25.5 in. 2.5 in.)
19.14 in.
2
= 81.536c 1.279c 2 + 674.859
Set the two equations equal to one another.

61.2c + 561.6 9.36 f s = 81.536c 1.279c 2 + 674.859
f s = 0.136645c 2 2.17265c 12.100
Iterate between the two equations

c
10
20
23
22.5
23
22.9
22.91
22.9088
fs (Eqn 1) fs (Eqn 2)
134.8500
23.9250
9.4565
11.6000
9.4565
9.8777
9.8354
9.8405
-20.1620
-0.8950
10.2143
8.1919
10.2143
9.8043
9.8452
9.8403
Check the stress in the compression steel

( c d )
fs = Es s = Es
0.003
c
( 22.91 in. 2.5 in )
= ( 29000 ksi )
0.003
22.91 in.
= 77.51 ksi Use f s = 60 ksi
Plug in for the stress in the tension steel and c for the values
Cc = 0.85 f cba = 0.85 ( 5 ksi )(18 in.) ( 0.8 ( 22.91 in.) ) = 1402.1 k
Cs = As f s = ( 9.36 in 2 ) ( 60 ksi ) = 561.6 k
Ts = As f s = ( 9.36 in 2 ) ( 9.84 ksi ) = 92.1 k
Pn = Cc + Cs Ts = 1402.1 k + 561.6 k 92.1 k
= 1871.6 k
The moment is
h
h a
h
2
2 2
2
0.8 ( 22.91 in.)
= 1402.1 k 14 in.
+ 561.6 k (14 in. 2.5 in.) + 92.1 k ( 25.5 in. 14 in.)
2
= 14298.1 k-in.
The eccentricity of the column is

e=
M n 14298.1 k-in.
=
Pn
1871.6 k
= 7.64 in.
Check the values

Pu = Pn = 0.65 (1871.6 k )
= 1216.5 k 1168 k OK!
M u = M n = 0.65 (14298.1 k-in.)
= 9293.8 k-in. 774.5 k-ft 744 k-ft OK!
Design the ties, the bars are less than a #11 bar therefore use a #4 tie and the
spacing will be the minimum of
48dstirrup = 48 ( 0.5 in.) = 24 in.
s = 16d bar = 16 (1.41 in.) = 22.56 in. Use s = 18 in.
b = 18 in.
CVEN 444
Assignment 19
due 8/4/03

The section of a short tied column is
16 x 24 in. and is reinforced with 8
#10 bars as shown. Determine the
allowable ultimate load on the section
Pn if its acts at ex = 8 in. and ey =
12 in. Use fc = 5 ksi and fy = 60 ksi.
Note: the Pnx & Pny include the
corner steel bars in both calculations a
more conservative solution would be
to use 1/2 the steel in each direction so
As= 2(1.27 in2) which would reduce
Pu . (Remember fs can not be greater
than 60 ksi, so that Pnx = 620.3 k
and Pny= 578.4 k Pn = 360.7 k and
Pu= 234.5 k )
Go back and prove the numbers for
the last assumption for biaxial loaded
column
The pure compression is

Ag = bh = (16 in.)( 24 in.) = 384 in 2
As = 8#10 = 8 (1.27 in 2 ) = 10.16 in 2
P0 = 0.85 f c ( Ag As ) + f y As
= 0.85 ( 5 ksi ) ( 384 in 2 10.16 in 2 ) + ( 60 ksi ) (10.16 in 2 )
= 2198.4 k
Pn = rP0 = 0.8 ( 2198.4 k ) = 1758.7 k
Assume that the central set of steel is not going to contribute to the points and that the
compression steel and tension steel are =1.27 in2 +0.5*1.27 in2 +0.5*1.27 in2 = 2.54 in2
Look at about the x x axis.
The assume that the compression steel has yielded and the stress in the tension steel is
(d c)
fs = Es s = Es
0.003
c
( 21.5 in. c )
= ( 29000 ksi )
0.003
c
1870.5
=
87
c

Cc = 0.85 f cba = 0.85 ( 5 ksi )(16 in.)( 0.8c ) = 54.4c
Cs = As fs = ( 2.54 in 2 ) ( 60 ksi 0.85 ( 5 ksi ) ) = 141.6 k
Ts = As fs = ( 2.54 in 2 ) fs = 2.54 f s
Pn = Cc + Cs Ts = 54.4c + 141.6 k 2.54 fs
Take the moment about the tension steel, the distance from the center to the tension steel
is (24 in 5 in.)/2 =9.5 in. and Mu= Pu*e so e = e +9.5 in. =12-in +9.5 in. =21.5 in. is
h
h a
h
2
2 2
2
2
Pn =
1
0.8c
( 54.4c ) 21.5 in.

+ 141.6 k ( 21.5 in. 2.5 in.)
21.5 in.
2
= 54.4c 1.012c 2 + 125.139

54.4c + 141.6 2.54 f s = 54.4c 1.012c 2 + 125.139
f s = 0.398c 2 + 6.481

c
10
12
12.25
12.227
f s (Eqn 1) f s (Eqn 2)
100.05
46.281
68.875
63.793
65.69388 66.20588
65.98111 65.98181
The tension steel has yielded so we need to go back and recompute the c value with the
last equation.
60 = 0.398c 2 + 6.481
c = 11.60 in.
( c d )
fs = Es s = Es
0.003
c
(11.6 in. 2.5 in )

= ( 29000 ksi )
0.003
11.6 in.
= 68.25 ksi Use fs = 60 ksi

The load is
Cc = 0.85 f cba = 0.85 ( 5 ksi )(16 in.) ( 0.8 (11.6 in.) ) = 631.0 k
Cs = As f s = ( 2.54 in 2 ) ( 60 ksi 0.85 ( 5 ksi ) ) = 141.6 k
Ts = As f s = ( 2.54 in 2 ) ( 60 ksi ) = 152.4
Pn = Cc + Cs Ts = 631.0 k + 141.6 k 152.4 k
= 620.2 k
Check the center steel

(d c)
fs = Es s = Es
0.003
c
(12 in. 11.6 in.)

= ( 29000 ksi )
0.003
11.6 in.
= 3 ksi
This stress is less than the strength of the concrete so it can be neglected.
Look at about the y y axis.

(d c)
fs = Es s = Es
0.003
c
(13.5 in. c )
= ( 29000 ksi )
0.003
c
1174.5
=
87
c

Cc = 0.85 f cba = 0.85 ( 5 ksi )( 24 in.)( 0.8c ) = 81.6c
Ts = As fs = ( 2.54 in 2 ) fs = 2.54 f s
Pn = Cc + Cs Ts = 81.6c + 141.6 k 2.54 fs
is (16 in 5 in.)/2 =5.5 in. and Mu= Pu*e so e = e +5.5 in. =8-in +5.5 in. =13.5 in. is
h
h a
h
2
2 2
2
2
Pn =
1
0.8c
( 81.6c ) 13.5 in.

+ 141.6 k (13.5 in. 2.5 in.)
13.5 in.
2
= 81.6c 2.418c 2 + 115.378

81.6c + 141.6 2.54 f s = 81.6c 2.418c 2 + 115.378
f s = 0.952c 2 + 10.324

c
6
7.5
7.65
7.6642
108.75
44.596
69.6
63.874
66.52941 66.03742
66.24496 66.24444
The tension steel has yielded so we need to go back and recompute the c value with the
last equation.
60 = 0.952c 2 + 10.324
c = 7.22 in.
( c d )
fs = Es s = Es
0.003
c
( 7.22 in. 2.5 in )

= ( 29000 ksi )
0.003
7.22 in.
= 56.92 ksi
Go back and recompute with the assumption that the tension steel has yielded
Cc = 0.85 f cba = 0.85 ( 5 ksi )( 24 in.)( 0.8c ) = 81.6c
Cs = As f s = ( 2.54 in 2 ) ( f s 0.85 ( 5 ksi ) ) = 2.54 f s 10.8 k
Ts = As fs = ( 2.54 in 2 ) ( 60 ksi ) = 152.4 k
Pn = Cc + Cs Ts = 81.6c +2.54 f s 163.2 k
The moment is
h
h a
h
2
2 2
2
2
Pn =
1
0.8c
( 81.6c ) 13.5 in.
+ ( 2.54 f s 0.85 ( 5 ksi ) ) (13.5 in. 2.5 in.)
13.5 in.
2
= 81.6c 2.418c 2 + 2.070 f s 3.463
The two equation

81.6c 163.2 + 2.54 f s = 81.6c 2.418c 2 + 2.07 fs 3.463
f s = 339.866 5.145c 2
and
( c 2.5 in )
fs = ( 29000 ksi )
0.003
c
217.5
= 87
c
Compute the two equations.
c
7
7.2
7.4
7.4065
87.761 55.92857
73.1492 56.79167
58.1258 57.60811
57.63063 57.6339
Check to the tension steel

(d c)
fs = Es s = Es
0.003
c
(13.5 in. 7.407 in )
= ( 29000 ksi )
0.003
7.407 in.
= 71.57 ksi Use 60 ksi
Compute the load

Cc = 0.85 f cba = 0.85 ( 5 ksi )( 24 in.) ( 0.8 ( 7.407 in.) ) = 604.4 k
Cs = As f s = ( 2.54 in 2 ) ( 57.63 ksi 0.85 ( 5 ksi ) ) = 135.6 k
Ts = As f s = ( 2.54 in 2 ) ( 60 ksi ) = 152.4 k
Pn = Cc + Cs Ts = 604.4 k +135.6 k 152.4 k
= 587.6 k
The original had not check the compression steel otherwise it would have been
Cc = 0.85 f cba = 0.85 ( 5 ksi )( 24 in.) ( 0.8 ( 7.22 in.) ) = 589.2 k
Cs = As f s = ( 2.54 in 2 ) ( 60 ksi 0.85 ( 5 ksi ) ) = 141.6 k
Ts = As f s = ( 2.54 in 2 ) ( 60 ksi ) = 152.4 k
Pn = Cc + Cs Ts = 589.2 k + 141.6 k 152.4 k
= 578.4 k
(d c)
fs = Es s = Es
0.003
c
( 8 in. 7.407 in.)
= ( 29000 ksi )
0.003
7.407 in.
= 7.0 ksi
This stress less the strength of the concrete would be small and can be neglected.
Compute the allowable load
1
1
1
1
=
+
Pn Pnx Pny Pn0

=
1
1
1
+
620.2 k 587.6 k 1758.7 k
Pn = 364.2 k
Pu = Pn = 0.65 ( 364.2 k ) = 236.7 k
Determine the load capacity of the

column, if the eccentric loading is at
ex= 5.5 in. and ey = 8 in. and fc = 4
ksi and fy= 60 ksi
Determine the axial load

Ag = bh = (16 in.)( 24 in.) = 384 in 2
As = 12 #10 = 12 (1.27 in 2 ) = 15.24 in 2
P0 = 0.85 f c ( Ag As ) + f y As
= 0.85 ( 4 ksi ) ( 384 in 2 15.24 in 2 ) + ( 60 ksi ) (15.24 in 2 )
= 2168.2 k
Pn = rP0 = 0.8 ( 2168.2 k ) = 1734.5 k
Assume that the central sets of steel is not going to contribute to the points and that the
compression steel and tension steel are =2*1.27 in2 +0.5*1.27 in2 +0.5*1.27 in2 = 3.81 in2
Look at about the x x axis.
(d c)
fs = Es s = Es
0.003
c
( 21.5 in. c )
= ( 29000 ksi )
0.003
c
1870.5
=
87
c

Cc = 0.85 f cba = 0.85 ( 4 ksi )(16 in.)( 0.8c ) = 43.52c
Ts = As fs = ( 3.81 in 2 ) fs = 3.81 fs
Pn = Cc + Cs Ts = 43.52c + 215.6 k 3.81 f s
is (24 in 5 in.)/2 =9.5 in. and Mu= Pu*e so e = e + 9.5-in. =8-in +9.5 in. =17.5 in. is
h
h a
h
2
2 2
2
2
Pn =
1
0.8c
( 43.52c ) 21.5 in.

+ 215.6 k ( 21.5 in. 2.5 in.)
17.5 in.
2
= 53.467c 0.995c 2 + 234.08

43.52c + 215.6 3.81 fs = 53.467c 0.995c 2 + 234.08
fs = 0.26115c 2 2.6108c + 4.8504

c
15
17
16.5
16.7488
14.74635
37.7
26.23835 23.02941
23.16949 26.36364
24.68023 24.67964

( c d )
fs = Es s = Es
0.003
c
(16.75 in. 2.5 in )
= ( 29000 ksi )
0.003
16.75
in.
= 74.01 ksi Use fs = 60 ksi

(16.75 in. 9.16 in.)
fs1 = ( 29000 ksi )
0.003
16.75
in.
= 39.4 ksi
(16.75 in. 15.16 in.)
fs2 = ( 29000 ksi )
0.003
16.75 in.
= 8.26 ksi
Unfortunately the first center steel is significant so it must be included.

Cc = 0.85 f cba = 0.85 ( 4 ksi )(16 in.)( 0.8c ) = 43.52c
Cs1 = As f s = ( 3.81 in 2 ) ( 60 ksi 0.85 ( 4 ksi ) ) = 215.6 k
1951.25
8.83 in.
Cs2 = As2 fs = ( 2.54 in 2 ) 87 ksi 1
0.85 ( 4 ksi ) = 212.34 k
c
c
3350.06
15.16 in.
Cs3 = As3 fs = ( 2.54 in 2 ) 87 ksi 1
0.85 ( 4 ksi ) = 212.34 k
c
c
Ts = As fs = ( 3.81 in 2 ) fs = 3.81 fs
Pn = Cc + Cs1 + Cs2 + Cs3 Ts = 43.52c + 640.28 k
5301.31
3.81 fs
c
h
h a
h
M n = Pn e = Cc + Cs1 d1 + Cs2 d 2 + Cs3 d3 + Ts d

2
2 2
2
Pn e = Cc d + Cs ( d d ) + Cs2 ( d d 2 ) + Cs3 ( d d3 )
2
0.8c
( 43.52c ) 21.5 in. 2
+215.6 k ( 21.5 in. 2.5 in.)
Pn =
1951.25
17.5 in. + 212.34 k

( 21.5 in. 8.83 in.)

c
3350.06

( 21.5 in. 15.16 in.)

+ 212.34 k
c
3332.18
= 53.467c 0.995c 2 + 464.74
c
Set the two equations
43.52c + 640.28
5301.31
3332.18
3.81 fs = 53.467c 0.995c 2 + 464.74
c
c
516.83
fs = 0.26115c 2 2.6108c + 46.0735
c
The iteration of two equations

c
15
16
15.4
15.4142
31.21492
37.7
38.85323 29.90625
34.24112 34.46104
34.34924 34.34915
The Pnx value is

Cc = 0.85 f cba = 0.85 ( 4 ksi )(16 in.) ( 0.8 (15.41 in.) ) = 670.6 k
8.83 in.
Cs2 = As2 fs = ( 2.54 in 2 ) 87 ksi 1
0.85 ( 4 ksi ) = 85.7 k
(15.41 in.)
15.16 in.
Cs3 = As3 f s = ( 2.54 in 2 ) 87 ksi 1
0.85 ( 4 ksi ) = 5.06 k Set to 0
(15.41 in.)
Ts = As f s = ( 3.81 in 2 ) ( 34.35 ksi ) = 130.9 k

Pn = Cc + Cs1 + Cs2 + Cs3 Ts = 670.6 k + 215.6 k + 85.7 k 130.9 k
= 841.0 k
Look at about the y y axis.

(d c)
fs = Es s = Es
0.003
c
(13.5 in. c )
= ( 29000 ksi )
0.003
c
1174.5
=
87
c

Cc = 0.85 f cba = 0.85 ( 4 ksi )( 24 in.)( 0.8c ) = 65.28c
1363.45
6.17 in.
Cs2 = As2 fs = ( 2.54 in 2 ) 87 ksi 1
0.85 ( 4 ksi ) = 212.34 k
c
c
2174.44
9.84 in.
Cs3 = As3 fs = ( 2.54 in 2 ) 87 ksi 1
0.85 ( 4 ksi ) = 212.34 k
c
c
Ts = As fs = ( 3.81 in 2 ) fs = 3.81 f s
Pn = Cc + Cs1 + Cs2 + Cs3 Ts = 65.28c + 640.28 k
3537.89
3.81 f s
c
is (16 in 5 in.)/2 =5.5 in. and Mu= Pu*e so e = e + 5.5-in. =5.5-in +5.5 in. =11.0 in. is
h
h a
h
M n = Pn e = Cc + Cs1 d1 + Cs2 d 2 + Cs3 d3 + Ts d

2
2 2
2
Pn e = Cc d + Cs ( d d ) + Cs2 ( d d 2 ) + Cs3 ( d d3 )
2
0.8c
( 65.28c ) 13.5 in. 2
+215.6 k (13.5 in. 2.5 in.)
Pn =
1363.45
11.0 in. + 212.34 k

(13.5 in. 6.17 in.)

c
2174.44

(13.5 in. 9.84 in.)

+ 212.34 k
c
1632.05
= 80.116c 2.374c 2 + 427.94
c
Set the two equations
65.28c + 640.28
3537.89
1632.05
3.81 fs = 80.116c 2.374c 2 + 427.94
c
c
500.22
fs = 0.6231c 2 3.894c + 55.7323
c
The iteration of two equations

c
8
10
10.1
10.0545
1.92995 59.8125
29.0793
30.45
30.43761 29.28713
29.81925 29.81337
Plug in and find Pny

Cc = 0.85 f cba = 0.85 ( 4 ksi )( 24 in.) ( 0.8 (10.05 in.) ) = 656.1 k
6.17 in.
Cs2 = As2 fs = ( 2.54 in 2 ) 87 ksi 1
0.85 ( 4 ksi ) = 76.7 k
(10.05 in.)
9.84 in.
0.85 ( 4 ksi ) = 4.02 k Set = 0
Cs3 = As3 f s = ( 2.54 in 2 ) 87 ksi 1
(10.05 in.)
Ts = As f s = ( 3.81 in 2 ) ( 29.82 ksi ) = 113.6 k

Pn = Cc + Cs1 + Cs2 + Cs3 Ts = 656.1 k + 215.6 k + 76.7 k 113.6 k
= 834.8 k
Compute the allowable load
1
1
1
1
=
+
Pn Pnx Pny Pn0

=
1
1
1
+
841.0 k 834.8 k 1734.5 k
Pn = 552.4 k
Pu = Pn = 0.65 ( 552.4 k ) = 359.0 k
CVEN 444
Assignment 20
due 8/6/03

1. Problem 9.13 A rectangular unbraced exterior column of a multibay, multi-floor frame system is subjected to Pu =500 kips, factored
end moments M1- = 2500 k-in and M2 = 3500 k-in. The unbraced
length, lu, of the column = 18ft. Design this column if it is subjected
to gravity loads with side-sway considered as negligible. Use fc =
6.5 ksi and fy= 60 ksi, A=2 and B=1.2 and d=2.5-in. (Try a 20 in
square column and sustained load of 50 %)
Since the frame has no applicable side sway, the entire moment, M2 is taken as M2ns and
the magnification factor, s taken equal to zero.
Try a 20in x20 in section, d= 20-in. 2.5-in = 17.5 in. and Pu =500 k, M1u =2500 k-in,
and M2u= 3500 k-in.. From figure 9.32 A=2.0 and B = 1.2
Use a k value of 1.5 or we can use the equation for m=(A+B)/2 =(2.0 +1.2) /2=1.6
k=
20 (1.6 )
20 M
1 + M =
1 + (1.6 ) = 1.484
20
20
Compute the slenderness ratio for the column. The radius of gyration for a rectangular
column is 0.3 h.
12 in.
1.484 18 ft
klu
1 ft
=
= 53.4
r
0.3 ( 20 in.)
The slenderness ratio is greater than 22, therefore slenderness must be considered.
Compute the minimum M2
M 2 = Pu ( 0.6 + 0.03h ) = ( 500 k ) ( 0.6 + 0.03 ( 20 in.) )
= 600 k-in
therefore use M2 = 3500 k-in.
Compute the modulus of elasticity for the concrete
Ec = 33w1.5 f c = 33 (150 lb/ft 3 ) 6500 psi

= 4.89 x 106 psi ( 4.89 x 103 ksi )
The moment of inertia of the column is
Ig =
1 3 1
3
bh = ( 20 in.)( 20 in.) = 13333 in 4
12
12
Compute the stiffness constant for the column

3
4
0.4 Ec I c 0.4 ( 4.89 x 10 ksi )(13333 in )
EI =
=
1 + d
1 + 0.5
= 1.738 x 107 k-in 2
Compute the buckling load, Pcr

Pcr =
2 EI
( klu )
2 (1.738 x 107 k-in 2 )
12 in
1.484 18 ft
1 ft
= 1669 k
Compute the moment factor for the design moment
M
2500 k-in.
Cm = 0.6 + 0.4 1 = 0.6 + 0.4
3500 k-in.
M2
= 0.89 0.4 OK.
Compute the factor
ns =
Cm
Pu
1
0.75Pcr
= 1.482
0.89
500 k
1
0.75 (1669 k )
The design moment is Mc = nsM2 = 1.482 (3500 k-in) = 5187 k-in

The design parameters are
Pu = 500 k
M u = 5187 k-in.
e=
M u 5187 k-in.
=
= 10.37 in.
Pu
500 k
Assume a between 0.01 and 0.08, set , = 0.0125 or (0.025 for entire beam). The
area of steel is going to be
As = As = bd = 0.0125 ( 20 in.)(17.5 in.)
= 4.375 in 2
Use 5 #9 bars (5.00 in2) for the column. The coefficient for concrete is
6.5 ksi 4 ksi

= 0.725
1 ksi
1 = 0.85 0.05
The column should be under compression control, therefore the (c/d) ratio should be
greater than 0.6. Check c/d =0.6
c = 0.6d = 0.6 (17.5 in.) = 10.5 in.
a = 1c = 0.725 (10.5 in.) = 7.61 in.
( c d )
(10.5 in. 2.5 in.)
0.003 =
0.003 = 0.00229
10.5 in.
c
s =

(d c)
(17.5 in. 10.5 in.)
0.003 =
0.003 = 0.002
10.5 in.
c
fs = Es s = ( 29000 ksi )( 0.002 ) = 58.0 ksi
s =

Cc = 0.85 f cba = 0.85 ( 6.5 ksi )( 20 in.)( 7.61 in.) = 840.9 k
Cs = As f s = ( 5.0 in 2 ) ( 60 ksi ) = 300 k
Ts = As fs = ( 5.0 in 2 ) ( 58 ksi ) = 290 k
Pn = Cc + Cs Ts = 840.9 k + 300 k 290 k = 850.9 k
The moment is
h
h a
h
2
2 2
2
7.61 in.
= ( 840.9 k ) 10 in.
+ 300 k (10 in. 2.5 in.) + 290 k (17.5 in. 10 in.)
2
= 9634.4 k-in.

e=
M n 9634.4 k-in.
=
Pn
850.9 k
= 11.32 in.
Since the eccentricity, e, is less than 11.32 in (10.37 in.) than the compression limit,
therefore it is in compression try using a c/d ratio=0.625
c = 0.62d = 0.625 (17.5 in.) = 10.94 in.
a = 1c = 0.725 (11.025 in.) = 7.93 in.
( c d )
(10.94 in. 2.5 in.)
0.003 =
0.003 = 0.00231
10.94 in.
c
fs = Es s = ( 29000 ksi )( 0.00231) = 67.12 ksi Use 60 ksi
s =

(d c)
(17.5 in. 10.94 in.)
0.003 =
0.003 = 0.00180
10.94 in.
c
fs = Es s = ( 29000 ksi )( 0.00180 ) = 52.17 ksi
s =

Cc = 0.85 f cba = 0.85 ( 6.5 ksi )( 20 in.)( 7.93 in.) = 876.3 k
Cs = As f s = ( 5.0 in 2 ) ( 60 ksi ) = 300 k
Ts = As fs = ( 5.0 in 2 ) ( 52.17 ksi ) = 260.8 k
Pn = Cc + Cs Ts = 876.3 k + 300 k 260.8 k = 915.5 k
The moment is
h
h a
h
2
2 2
2
7.93 in.
= ( 876.3 k ) 10 in.
+ 300 k (10 in. 2.5 in.) + 260.8 k (17.5 in. 10 in.)
2
= 9495.5 k-in.

e=
M n 9494.5 k-in.
=
Pn
915.5 k
= 10.37 in.
Check the values

Pu = Pn = 0.65 ( 915.5 k )
= 595.1 k 500 k OK!
M u = M n = 0.65 ( 9494.5 k-in.)
= 6171.4 k-in. 5187 k-in. OK!
Design the ties, the bars are less than a #10 bar therefore use a #3 tie and the spacing will
be the minimum of
48dstirrup = 48 ( 0.375 in.) = 18 in.
s = 16d bar = 16 (1.128 in.) = 18 in. Use s = 18 in.
h = 20 in.
2. Problem 11.1 Compute the slab thickness only and assume a beam
depth of 22-in. An end panel of a floor system supported by beams on
all sides carries a uniform service load wL = 75 psf and an external
dead load wD =20 psf in addition to its self-weight. The centerline
dimensions of the panel are 18-ft x 20-ft (the dimension of the
discontinuous side is 18-ft). Design the panel and the size and
spacing of the reinforcements using the ACI Code direct design
method. Given fc =4 ksi fy=60 ksi. The column size is 20-in x 20-in.
The width of the beam is 12-in.
Check the geometry of the direct design
l
20 ft.
Aspect ratio -- 2 =
= 1.11 2.0
l1 18 ft.
More than 3 panels in each direction
Assume a slab thickness of 7-in.
1 ft.
2
wD = 20 lb/ft 2 + ( 7 in.)
(150 lb/ft )
12 in.
2
= 107.5 lb/ft
2 wD = 215 lb/ft 2 > wL = 75 lb/ft 2
Compute the length between the columns

12 in. 20 in.
l1 = (18 ft.)
2
= 196 in.
1 ft. 2
12 in. 20 in.
l2 = ( 20 ft.)
2
= 220 in.
1 ft. 2
220 in.
=
= 1.12
196 in.
Compute the moment of inertia of the beams. The depth of the web is 22-in7- in= 15-in.
The sketch of the T- beam and L beam are
Compute the moment of inertia of the two sections. Start with the T beam.
Component
Flange
Web
n'
1
1
Itotal
yi (in)
yiAi (in )
Ii (in )
(yi-ybar) (in)
(yi-ybar) niAi (in )
294
180
3.5
14.5
1029
2610
1200.5
3375
-4.1772152
6.82278481
5130.043262
8379.070662
3639
4575.5
474
ybar
niAi (in )
13509.11392
7.677215 in
4
18084.61 in
The moment of inertia of the T-beam is 18084.6 in4 and the L beam is
Component
Flange
Web
n'
1
1
Itotal
yi (in)
yiAi (in )
Ii (in )
(yi-ybar) (in)
(yi-ybar) niAi (in )
189
180
3.5
14.5
661.5
2610
771.75
3375
-5.3658537
5.63414634
5441.760857
5713.848899
3271.5
4146.75
369
ybar
niAi (in )
8.865854 in
4
15302.36 in
The moment of inertia of the L-beam is 15302.4 in4.
11155.60976
The panel has center-to-center measurements of 20-ft and 18-ft with 20-in.x 20-in.
columns.
Compute the slab moment of inertia for the section A, B, C, and D. The 10-in in the
calculation of IA is due to the edge from the center of the column.
I A(slab ) =
1 3 1
3
12 in.
4
bh = 10 in. + 10 ft.
( 7 in.) = 3716 in
12
12
1 ft.
I B&D(slab ) =
1 3 1
3
12 in.
4
bh = 18 ft.
( 7 in.) = 6174 in
12
12
1
ft.
I C(slab ) =
1 3 1
3
12 in.
4
bh = 20 ft.
( 7 in.) = 6860 in
12
12
1 ft.
Compute the coefficients.
A =
B&D =
C =
I A( beam )
I A( slab )
I B&D( beam )
I B&D( slab )
I C( beam )
I C( slab )
15302.4 in 4
= 4.12
3716 in 4
=
18084.6 in 4
= 2.93
6174 in 4
18084.6 in 4
=
= 2.64
6860 in 4
The mean m is
m =
A + B + C + D
4
4.12 + 2.93 + 2.64 + 2.93

4
= 3.155
The m is greater than 2, therefore hmin is computed with a maximum clear space of 220
in. and = 1.12 = 220-in./196-in.
hmin
fy
( 60000 )
ln 0.8 +
( 220 in.) 0.8 + 200000
200000
=
=
36 + 9
36 + 9 (1.12 )
= 5.25 in.
So 7 in. will work.
CVEN 444
Assignment 21
due 8/8/03

1. Determine the shear reinforcement required for an interior flat panel

considering the following: Vu= 159k, slab thickness = 8 in., d = 6.5
in., fc = 4 ksi, fy= 60 ksi, and column is 18 x 18 in.
Compute the column perimeter b0 for two-way shear.
column
b0 = 4
+ d
width
= 4 (18 in. + 6.5 in.)

= 98.0 in.
Compute the two-way shear capacity of the column
Vu = 4 f c b0 d
1 kip
= 0.75 4 4000 ( 98 in.)( 6.5 in.)
1000 lb
= 120.86 k
The design shear Vu =159 k > 120.9 k, therefore need to provide two-way shear
reinforcement for the column. The maximum allowable shear that can be provided is
Vu = 6 f c b0 d
1 kip
= 0.75 6 4000 ( 98 in.)( 6.5 in.)
1000 lb
= 181.29 k
Compute the size of the shear cage, which is

column
b0 = 4
+2 a
width
The shear calculations are
Vu = 4 f c b0 d
((
159 k = 0.75 4 4000 4 18 in. + 2 a
1 kip
)) ( 6.5 in.)) 1000
lb
a = 50.63 in.
add the d to the distance 50.63 in + 6.5 in. = 57.13 in. Determine the shear reinforcement
of the steel.
Vu = Vn = Vc + Vs
Vs = Vu Vc = 159 k 120.86 k
Vs = 38.14 k
So the Vs per side is going be 38.14 k / 4 = 9.535 k. Determine the spacing and
reinforcement in the beam.
Vs =
9.535 k
= 12.71 k
0.75
Using a #3 stirrup, Av = 0.22 in2 and fy = 60 ksi

Vs =
Av f y d
s
s=
Av f y d
( 0.22 in ) ( 60 ksi )( 6.5 in.) = 6.75 in.

=
2
12.71 k
Vs
The maximum allowable spacing is d/2 = 3.25 in. So use a 3-in spacing on the shear cage
for the column.
# of stirrups =
57.13 in.
= 19.04 Use 20 stirrups
3 in.
So the distance is going to be 20(3 in.)= 60-in. a= 60-in 6.5 in. 53.5 in.
Vu = 4 f c b0 d
((
= 0.75 4 4000 4 18 in. + 2 53.5 in.

= 161.0 kips 159 kips OK!
1 kip
)) ( 6.5 in.)) 1000
lb
The final layout is
CVEN 444
Assignment 2
due 6/11/03
The assignment will be review problems and will not be covered in class. You
will need to show free-body diagrams, use an engineering format and be neat!
Draw the shear and bending moment diagram.
The free body diagram of the problem is.
= 0 = RAx
RAx = 0
L
= 0 = RAy w + RBy
2
wL
RAy + RBy =
2
L L
M A = 0 = M A w 2 4 + RBy ( L )
wL2
M A + RBy L =
8
Using superposition from the tables for a cantilever beam, distributed load
3
L
w
2
L
B = 4L
24 EI
2
7 wL4
=
384 EI
B =
RBy L3

3 EI
Solve the equation for RBy by setting the deflections equal to one another.
RBy L3
7 wL4
=
3 EI 384 EI
7
RBy =
wL
128
Solve for the other components
wL
57 wL
RAy =
2
128
2
wL
9 wL2
M A + RBy L =
MA =
8
128
RAy + RBy =
The shear and bending moment diagram
= 0 = RAx
RAx = 0
= 0 = RAy q ( L ) + RBy + RCy + RDy + REy

RAy + RBy + RCy + RDy + REy = qL
L
L
L
3 L
= 0 = qL + RBy + RCy + RDy
+ REy ( L )
2
4
2
4
q ( L )
L
L
3 L
RBy + RCy + RDy

+
=
R
L
(
)
Ey
2
4
2
4
Set up the superposition tables for the beam
L
q
2
3
4
L
L L
= L3 2 L +
24 EI
4
4 4
19 qL4
=
2048 EI
5 qL4
384 EI
2
19 qL4
3L
=
2048 EI
4
L
Rc
2
4 2
L
L
=
3L 4
48EI
4
4
L3
11
=
Rc
768 EI
L

L3
= Rc
2
48
EI
L3
11
3L
=
768 EI
4
L L
Rd
2
2
4 4 2 L L
L
=
L
6 LEI
4
4 4
L3
7
Rd
768 EI
L L
Rd
2
2
4 2 2 L L
L
=
L
6 LEI
2
4 2
L3
11
Rd
768 EI
L 3L
Rd
2
2
4
4
3L
L 3L
= L2
6 LEI
4
4 4
L3
9
Rd
768 EI
L3
9
L
=
Rb
768 EI
4
L

11
L3
=
Rb
2
768
EI

L3
7
3L
=
Rb
768 EI
4
Put into a matrix form.
9 L3 11 L3 7 L3
19 qL4
768 EI 768 EI 768 EI

2048 EI
11 L3 1 L3 11 L3 Rb 5 qL4

Rc =
768 EI 48 EI 768 EI 384 EI
Rd
3
3
3
7
11
9
19 qL4
L
L
L
768 EI 768 EI 768 EI

2048 EI
Solve for the matrix with the L = 4L for the final results
2
2
8
7 qL 7 q ( 4 L ) 7 qL
Rb

13 13
13
Rc = qL = q ( 4 L ) = qL
R 56 56
14
d 2
2
8
7 qL 7 q ( 4 L ) 7 qL
L 2
L 13
L 2
3 L
= 0 = qL + qL + qL + qL
+ REy ( L )
2 7
4 56
2 7
4
11q ( L ) 11q ( 4 L ) 11qL
REy ( L ) =
=
=
112
112
28
11q ( L )
2
13
2
RAy + qL + qL + qL +
= qL
7
56
7
112
11q ( L ) 11q ( 4 L ) 11qL
RAy ( L ) =
=
=
112
112
28
L
= 0 = RAy q + RBy + RCy
2
qL
RAy + RBy + RCy =
2
L 3 L
L
M A = 0 = M A + RBy 2 q 2 4 + RCy ( L) + M C
3q ( L )
L
RBy + M A + M C + RCy ( L ) =
8
2
L L
q
2 2
L
L
= 3L +
12 EI
2
2
7 qL4
=
192 EI
q 4
L
L
( L) =
3L 4 L +
24 EI
2
2
3
41 qL4
=
384 EI
q 3 L
( L) =
L
6 EI
2
=
7 qL3
48 EI
3
L
RBy
L
2
=
3EI
2
L3
1
RBy
=
24
EI
2
L
RBy
2 3 L L
( L) =

6 EI
2
3
L
5
=
RBy
48
EI
1
8
L2
EI
( L ) = RBy
L
RCy
L
2 3L L
=

6 EI
2
2
L3
5
=
RCy
48
EI
1
3
L3
EI
( L ) = RCy
L2
1
( L ) = RCy
2
EI
L2
= MC
2 8
EI
L2
1
( L) = MC
2
EI
L
EI
( L) = M C
Put into a matrix form.
1 L3

24 EI
5 L3

48 EI
3
1 L
8 EI
5 L3

48 EI
1 L3

3 EI
1 L2

2 EI
7 qL4
1 L2
8 EI
192 EI
RBy
4
1 L2
41 qL
=
R
Cy
2 EI
384 EI
M C
7 qL4
L

48 EI
EI
Solve for the matrix with the L = 2L for the final results
1
1
1
4 qL 4 q ( 2 L ) 2 qL
RBy

9
9
9
qL =
q ( 2 L ) = qL
RCy =
M 32
32
16
C 5
5
5
2
2
2
192 qL 192 q ( 2 L ) 48 qL
RAy =
qL
16
5q ( L )
qL L
L 3L 9qL
M A = 0 = M A + 4 2 q 2 4 + 32 ( L) + 192
2
11q ( L )
11q ( 2 L )
11qL2
MA =
=
=
192
192
48
= 0 = RAy 150 kN + RBy 24 kN/m (10 m ) + RCy

RAy + RBy + RCy = 390 kN
= 0 = 150 kN ( 4 m ) + RBy (10 m ) 24 kN/m (10 m )(15 m ) + RCy ( 20 m )

RBy (10 m ) + RCy ( 20 m ) = 4200 kN-m
Pbx 2 2
L b x2 )
(
6 LEI
(150 kN )( 4 m )(10 m )
=
6 ( 20 m ) EI
(10 m ) =
(( 20 m )
( 4 m ) (10 m
1
= 14200 ( kN-m3 )
EI
(10 m ) =
5qL4
768 EI
4
5 ( 24 kN/m )( 20 m ) 1
=

768
EI
1
= 25000 ( kN-m3 )
EI
(10 m ) =
RBy L3
48EI
3
5 ( 20 m )
500 m3
RBy =
RBy
=
48EI
3EI
Solve for Rby, use the two components
500 m3
1
1
RBy = 14200 ( kN-m3 )
+ 25000 ( kN-m3 )
3 EI
EI
EI
RBy = 235.2 kN
Solve for other components
235.2 kN (10 m ) + RCy ( 20 m ) = 4200 kN-m
RCy = 92.4 kN
RAy = 62.4 kN
= 0 = RAy 30 k + RBy 60 k + RCy 40 k + RDy

RAy + RBy + RCy + RDy = 130 k
= 0 = 30 k (15 ft ) + RBy ( 30 ft ) 60 k ( 60 ft ) + RCy ( 70 ft )

40 k ( 80 ft ) + RDy (100 ft )
RBy ( 30 ft ) + RCy ( 70 ft ) + RDy (100 ft ) = 7250 k-ft
Pbx 2 2
L b x2 )
(
6 LEI
( 30 k )(15 ft )( 70 ft )
=
6 (100 ft ) EI
( 30 ft ) =
((100 ft )
(15 ft ) ( 70 ft )
1
= 255937.5 ( k-ft 3 )
EI
( 30 k )(15 ft )( 30 ft )
( 70 ft ) =
6 (100 ft ) EI
((100 ft )
(15 ft ) ( 30 ft )
1
= 199687.5 ( k-ft 3 )
EI
Pbx 2 2
( L b x2 )
6 LEI
( 60 k )( 40 ft )( 30 ft )
=
6 (100 ft ) EI
( 30 ft ) =
((100 ft )
( 40 ft ) ( 30 ft )
1
= 900000 ( k-ft 3 )
EI
( 60 k )( 60 ft )( 30 ft )
( 70 ft ) =
6 (100 ft ) EI
((100 ft )
( 60 ft ) ( 30 ft )
1
= 990000 ( k-ft 3 )
EI
Pbx 2 2
L b x2 )
(
6 LEI
( 40 k )( 20 ft )( 30 ft )
=
6 (100 ft ) EI
( 30 ft ) =
((100 ft )
( 20 ft ) ( 30 ft )
1
= 348000 ( k-ft 3 )
EI
( 40 k )( 20 ft )( 70 ft )
( 70 ft ) =
6 (100 ft ) EI
((100 ft )
( 20 ft ) ( 70 ft )
1
= 438666.67 ( k-ft 3 )
EI
( 30 ft ) =
=
Pbx 2 2
( L b x2 )
6 LEI
RBy ( 70 ft )( 30 ft )
6 (100 ft ) EI
((100 ft )
( 70 ft ) ( 30 ft )
1
= 14700 ( ft 3 ) RBy
EI
R ( 30 ft )( 30 ft )
( 70 ft ) =
6 (100 ft ) EI
((100 ft )
( 30 ft ) ( 30 ft )
1
= 12300 ( ft 3 ) RBy
EI
( 30 ft ) =
=
Pbx 2 2
L b x2 )
(
6 LEI
RCy ( 30 ft )( 30 ft )
6 (100 ft ) EI
((100 ft )
( 30 ft ) ( 30 ft )
1
= 12300 ( ft 3 ) RCy
EI
R ( 70 ft )( 30 ft )
( 70 ft ) = Cy
6 (100 ft ) EI
((100 ft )
( 70 ft ) ( 30 ft )
1
= 14700 ( ft 3 ) RCy
EI
Solve the matrix format

14700 12300
255937.5 900000 348000 1503937.5
+
+
EI
By
EI
EI
EI
EI
EI
=
=
12300 14700 RCy 199687.5 + 990000 + 438666.67 1628354.1667

EI
EI

EI
EI
EI
EI
and
RBy 32.0853 k
=
RCy 83.9255 k
solve for the other reactions
RAy = 9.8626 k
RDy = 4.1264 k
CVEN 444 -Homework 7 Two-way Slab problems

Use the direct design method to design the interior flat slab panel, for a 24 ft by 24 ft.
section. Check the shear and moment transfer at an interior column. Draw sketches
showing the reinforcement distribution and shear stresses. The floor is supported by 24
in. x 24 in column with no edge beams. Additional dead load (excluding self-weight) =
30 psf and live load = 120 psf. Use fc = 4 ksi and fs = 60 ksi.
For the slab use table 9.5C without panels
1 ft
= 22 ft
ln = 24 ft 24 in
12 in
12 in
22 ft
l
1 ft = 8 in.
h= n =
33
33
Use 8-in. thick slab, the dead load is
1 ft
lb
* 150 lb = 130 lb
DL = 30
+ 8.0 in *
ft 2
ft 2
ft 3
12 in
lb
lb
lb
kips
wu = 1.4 DL + 1.7 LL = 1.4130 + 1.7120.0 = 386
0.386
ft 2
ft 2
ft 2
ft 2
The average d for the slab

d = h cover - d b
d = 8.0 in 0.75 in 0.625 in = 6.625 in d ave = 6.6 in
The punch out of the slab:
x = 24 in + 6.6 in = 30.6 in or 2.55 ft
b o = 4(30.6 in ) = 122.4 in
The shear value is going to be:

Vu = 0.386
kips
ft 2
((24 ft )(24ft ) (2.55 ft ) ) = 219.8 k

2
) 1 kip
Vc = 4 f c bo d = 0.85 * 4 4000 (122.4 in )(6.6 in )
= 173.7 k
1000 lb
173.7 k > 219.8 k No!
If we were to increase the thickness of the slab to 9 in., w = 0.403 k/ft2 and d= 7.6 in
Vu = 229.3 k and Vc = 206.6 k. Therefore, we will need to reinforce the column.
Use simple reinforcement for column, stirrup system. Calculate the maximum shear that
the slab can handle:
1 kip
Vn = 6 f c bo d = 0.85 * 6 4000 (122.4 in )(6.6 in )
= 260.6 k
1000 lb
260.6 k > 219.8 k OK!
The simple stirrup system will be used. Determine the size of the system for the column.
b o = 4 24 in + 2 a
((
))
) 1 kip
Vn = 2 f c bo d = 0.85 * 2 4000 4 24 in + 2 a (6.6 in )
= 219.8 k
1000 lb
a = 37.8 in a + d = 44.4 in Use 45 in.
Compute the strength of the steel:
Vs = 219.8 k 173.7 k = 46.1 k

Vs =
Vs
46.1 k
= 11.53 k
4
4
Use #3 stirrup (Ab= 0.11 in2) Av = 2(0.11 in2) = 0.22 in2
Av f y d
Av f y d
(0.22 in )(60 ksi )(6.6 in ) = 7.56 in.

=
2
s=
11.53 k
s
Vs
The maximum allowable d/2 = 6.6 in/2 =3.3 in. Use 3.25 in.
Vs =
n=
44.4 in.
= 13.66 Use 14 Total distance is 45.5 in.
3.25 in
Use 14 stirrups with 3.25 in spacing and

total distance of 45.5 in. and d =6.6 in.
Check one-way shear in the slab:
Vu = 0.386
ft
kips
6.6 in ft (1 ft ) = 4.04 k
12 ft 12 in
ft 2
12 in
12 in
) 1 kip
Vc = 2 f c bd = 0.85 * 2 4000 (12 in )(6.6 in )
= 8.52 k
1000 lb
8.52 k > 4.04 k OK!
The moment about the two directions is going to be same because they are a square
panel. The resulting moment is
24 in 1 ft
= 22 ft
ln = 24 ft 2
2 12 in
M ol
(
wl2 )ln12
=
((0.386 k/ft )(24 ft ))(22 ft )

=
= 560.5 k - ft
The positive and negative moments are computed for interior panel. The strips are 12 ft
for the column and middle strips, l/4 = 6 ft. or 2(6 ft) = 12 ft. The coefficients are 0.65
and 0.35 for the negative and positive moments, respectively.
0.65(560.5 k - ft ) = 364.3 k - ft
0.35(560.5 k - ft ) = 196.2 k - ft
The column strip will handle 0.75 of negative moment and 0.6 of the positive moment.
0.75(364.3 k - ft ) = 273.2 k - ft
0.60(196.2 k - ft ) = 117.7 k - ft
The middle strip will handle 0.25 of negative moment and 0.4 of the positive moment.
0.25(364.3 k - ft ) = 91.1 k - ft
0.60(196.2 k - ft ) = 78.5 k - ft
Find the actual locations of the bars if we are using a #5 bar

0.625 in
d l = 8 in 0.75 in
= 6.9 in
2
ds = 8 in 0.75 in 0.625 in
0.625 in
2
= 6.3 in
Look at the reinforcement in the column strip for the negative moment:
12 in
273.2 k - ft
Mu
ft = 0.478 ksi
Ru =
=
(144 in )(6.9 in )2
bd 2
w2 1.70w +
1.7 * 0.478 ksi

0.9(4 ksi )
=0
Solve for the quadratic

w=
(1.7 )2 4(0.122581)
1.70
= 0.14524
wf c
0.14524(4 ksi )
= 0.00968
60 ksi
fy
The area of steel with minimum for T&S and bending:
As = bd = 0.00968(144 in )(6.9 in ) = 9.62 in 2

As (min ) = 0.0018bh = 0.0018(144 in )(9 in ) = 2.07 in 2
As =
200
bd =
200
(144 in )(6.9 in ) = 3.31 in 2
fy
60000
The number of bars needed:
As 9.62 in 2
# bars =
=
= 31.1 Use 32 bars
Ab 0.31 in 2
s=
144 in
= 4.5 in
32
The spacing is less than 18 in., therefore it will work.
Using the same procedure for the positive moment in the column strip and the negative
and positive moments in the middle strip. We will obtain:
The other direction will have the same moments, however d = 6.3 in.
Redesign the interior slab example with beams, use the same data when the slabs are
supported by beams on all four sides. Each beam has a width bw = 14 in. and a projection
below the bottom of the slab of 18 in.
The first gross moment inertia must be calculated for the interior beams, assume that the
depth of the slab is 7 in., the beff =2(18 in) + 14 in. = 50 in. we will check later.
The moment of inertia for the beam is 31126 in4 and slab is 8232 in4.
The = 22 ft /22 ft =1 and is
Eb I b
31126 in 4
= 3.78 m =
= 3.78
Es I s
8.232 in 4
4
The mean is the average around the slab so is same therefore m =3.78. Find the
thickness of the slab with
fy
22 ft 12 in 0.8 + 60000
ln 0.8 +
200000 =
200000 = 6.45 in Use 6.5 in or 7 in.
1 ft
h=
36 + 9
36 + 9(1)
With h =7 in., no need to go back and recalculate I and again.
Calculate the loading

DL = 30
1 ft
*150 lb = 117.5 lb
+ 7.0 in *
ft 2
ft 3
ft 2
12 in
lb
lb
lb
lb
kips
wu = 1.4 DL + 1.7 LL = 1.4117.5 + 1.7120.0 = 3685
0.3685
ft 2
ft 2
ft 2
ft 2
The average d for the slab
d = h cover - d b
d = 7.0 in 0.75 in 0.625 in = 5.625 in d ave = 5.6 in
Two-way shear is not critical because of the beams, however one-way shear need to be
checked. One-way shear in the slab:
Vu = 0.3685
ft
kips
5.6 in ft (1 ft ) = 3.88 k
12 ft 12 in
ft 2
12 in
12 in
) 1 kip
Vc = 2 f c bd = 0.85 * 2 4000 (12 in )(5.6 in )
= 7.23 k
1000 lb
7.23 k > 3.88 k OK!
The moment about the two directions is going to be same because they are a square
panel. The resulting moment is
24 in 1 ft
= 22 ft
ln = 24 ft 2
2 12 in
M ol
(wl2 )ln12
=
((0.3685 k/ft )(24 ft ))(22 ft )

=
= 535.1 k - ft
The positive and negative moments are computed for interior panel. The strips are 12 ft
for the column and middle strips, l/4 = 6 ft. or 2(6 ft) = 12 ft. The coefficients are 0.65
and 0.35 for the negative and positive moments, respectively.
0.65(535.1 k - ft ) = 347.8 k - ft
0.35(535.1 k - ft ) = 187.3 k - ft
The values of and are = 24 ft/24 ft. = 1 and =3.78 for all directions. So
24 ft
= 3.78
= 3.78
l1
24 ft
l2
24 ft
= 3.78
= 3.78
l2
24 ft
l1
From table 13.6.4.1, l2/l1 =1 and 1(l2/l1) = 3.78, there is no need to interpolate between
points. So the column strip and the beam carry 75 percent of negative moment. From
table 13.6.4.4, l2/l1 =1 and 1(l2/l1) = 3.78, there is no need to interpolate between points.
So the column strip and the beam carry 75 percent of positive moment.
The column strip will handle 0.75 of negative moment and 0.75 of the positive moment.
0.75(347.8 k - ft ) = 260.9 k - ft
0.75(187.3 k - ft ) = 140.5 k - ft
The middle strip will handle 0.25 of negative moment and 0.25 of the positive moment.
0.25(347.8 k - ft ) = 87.0 k - ft
0.25(187.3 k - ft ) = 46.8 k - ft
In the column strip, the beam will handle 0.85 of negative moment and slab will handle
0.15 of the negative moment.
0.85(260.9 k - ft ) = 221.8 k - ft
0.15(260.9 k - ft ) = 39.1 k - ft
In the column strip, the beam will handle 0.85 of positive moment and slab will handle
0.15 of the positive moment.
0.85(140.5 k - ft ) = 119.4 k - ft
0.15(140.5 k - ft ) = 21.1 k - ft
Find the actual locations of the bars if we are using a #5 bar

0.625 in
d l = 7 in 0.75 in
= 5.9 in
2
ds = 7 in 0.75 in 0.625 in
0.625 in
= 5.3 in
2
Look at the reinforcement in the column strip for the negative moment:
12 in
39.1 k - ft
Mu
ft = 0.094 ksi
Ru =
=
(144 in )(5.9 in )2
bd 2
w2 1.70w +
1.7 * 0.094 ksi

0.9(4 ksi )
=0

w=
(1.7 )2 4(0.0442)
1.70
= 0.02641
wf c
0.02641(4 ksi )
= 0.00176
60 ksi
fy
As = bd = 0.00176(144 in )(5.9 in ) = 1.50 in 2
As (min ) = 0.0018bh = 0.0018(144 in )(7 in ) = 1.81 in 2
As =
200
bd =
200
(144 in )(5.9 in ) = 2.83 in 2
fy
60000
The number of bars needed:
As 2.83 in 2
# bars =
=
= 14.1 Use 16 bars
Ab
0.2 in 2
s=
144 in
= 9 in
16
The spacing is less than 18 in., therefore it will work.
Using the same procedure for the positive moment in the column strip and the negative
and positive moments in the middle strip. The beam moments are not include in
computing the reinforcement. The procedure is similar to the design for a t-beam. We
will obtain the following results for the floor sections.
The other direction will have the same moments, however d = 5.3 in.
Design a wall footing to support the given reinforced concrete wall loads. Design for
shear and moment; check the development length requirements. Also, determine the
footing bars and their distribution. Assume d = h -3.5 in. for wall thickness = 16 in.,
DL = 24 k/ft2, LL = 20 k/ft2 fc = 4 ksi, q = 6 ksf and depth = 8 ft.
Use a 1-foot strip to do the calculations, assume the thickness of the footing to be 24 in.
Calculate the loading acting on the footing. Find qnet:
Wc = d = 150 lb/ft 3 * 24 in. *
1 ft.
= 300 lb/ft 2
12 in.
1 ft.
Ws = s d s = 100 lb/ft 3 * 8 ft 24 in. *
= 600 lb/ft 2
12 in.
qeff = qs Wc Ws
= 6000 lb/ft 2 300 lb/ft 2 600 lb/ft 2
= 5100 lb/ft 2 5.1 k/ft 2
Calculate the loading on the 16-in. wall;

Actual Loads = DL + LL
1 ft
+ 20 k/ft 2 (16 in ) 1 ft
= 24 k/ft 2 (16 in )
12 in
12 in
= 58.67 k
Area of footing =
58.67 k
= 11.5 ft 2
5.1 k/ft 2
1ft strip of footing = 11.5 ft Use 12 ft
Calculate the effective q value.
1 ft
+ 1.7 20 k/ft 2 (16 in ) 1 ft

1.4 24 k/ft 2 (16 in )
Pu
12 in
12 in
q =
=
net
A
= 7.51 k/ft 2
(12 ft )(1 ft )
The one-way shear is calculated for a single strip:

L w
Vu = qeff d
2 2
ft
16 in
kips 12 ft
12 in 20.5 in ft (1 ft ) = 27.23 k
= 7.511
ft 2 2
2
12 in
d=
Vu
2 fc b
27.23 k
0.85 * 2 4000 (12 in )
1 kip
= 21.1 in
1000 lb
So the selected thickness was too small for one-way shear so increase the thickness of the
footing to h =28 in. and d= 24.5 in., qnet = 5.083 k/ft2, L = 11.54 ft, which would result in
L =12 ft. and qeff = 7.511 k/ft2
L w
Vu = qeff d
2 2
ft
16 in
kips 12 ft
12 in 24.5 in ft (1 ft ) = 24.72 k
= 7.511
ft 2 2
2
12 in
d=
Vu
2 fc b
24.72 k
) 1 kip
= 19.2 in
0.85 * 2 4000 (12 in )
1000 lb
The depth of the footing is 24.5 in. > 19.1 in., so the footing will satisfy the shear
restrictions.
Compute the moment acting on the wall for a 1-foot strip:
1 ft
16 in
L c
12 in = 5.33 ft
= 12 ft
2
2 2 2
L c

L c 2 2
(5.33 ft ) (1 ft ) = 106.8 k - ft
M u = qn
b = 7.51 k/ft (5.33 ft )
2
2
2 2
Determine the for the footing using Ru and w. Look at the reinforcement in the strip
for the moment:
12 in
106.8 k - ft
Mu
ft = 0.178 ksi
Ru =
=
(12 in )(24.5 in )2
bd 2
w2 1.70w +
1.7 * 0.178 ksi

0.9(4 ksi )
=0

w=
1.70
(1.7 )2 4(0.08403)
= 0.05096
wf c
0.05096(4 ksi )
= 0.00340
60 ksi
fy
As = bd = 0.0034(12 in )(24.5 in ) = 1.00 in 2
As (min ) = 0.0018bh = 0.0018(12 in )(28 in ) = 0.61 in 2
As =
200
fy
bd =
200
60000
(12 in )(24.5 in ) = 0.98 in 2
Use a #7 bar, the number of bars needed:

A 1.00 in 2
# bars = s =
= 1.67 Use 2 bars
2
0.6 in
Ab
s=
12 in
= 6 in
2
s=
A bar
(12 in ) =
0.6 in 2
(12 in ) = 7.2 in.
1.00 in 2
A req
The spacing is less than 18 in., so either will work. However, 6 in spacing are easier to
place in the wall footing. The crossbars are going to be for T&S for the footing.
Use #5 bar, the number of bars needed:
As
# bars =
Ab
s=
12 in
0.61 in 2
= 1.97 Use 2 bars
0.31 in 2
= 6 in
2
s=
A bar
A req
(12 in ) = 0.31 in (12 in ) = 6.1 in.

0.61 in 2
Check the development length of the bars:

ld = 48d b = 48(0.875 in.) = 42 in.
There is sufficient length to fully develop the bar. (5.33 ft (12 in/ft) 2 in. = 62 in.)
Design for moments, shear load transfer, dowel length and development lengths for
footing main bars. Choose adequate bars and spacings. Assume d = h - 4.5 in. For
rectangular column of 16 x 24 in. and rectangular footings with the length equal to about
1.5 times the width. For 12 # 9 bars in the column with a DL = 245 k, LL = 159 k, fc = 3
ksi, q = 6 ksf, and depth = 7 ft.
Assume the thickness of the footing to be 24 in. Calculate the loading acting on the
footing. Find qnet:
Wc = d = 150 lb/ft 3 * 24 in. *
1 ft.
= 300 lb/ft 2
12 in.
1 ft.
Ws = s ds = 100 lb/ft 3 * 7 ft 24 in. *
= 500 lb/ft 2
12 in.
qeff = qs Wc Ws
= 6000 lb/ft 2 300 lb/ft 2 500 lb/ft 2
= 5200 lb/ft 2 5.2 k/ft 2
Calculate the loading on the 16-in. wall;

Actual Loads = DL + LL
= 245 k + 159 k
= 404 k
Area of footing =
404 k
= 77.7 ft 2
5.2 k/ft 2
width of the footing =
77.7 ft 2
w = 7.2 ft w = 8 ft.
1 .5
Calculate the effective q value.

qnet =
Pu
1.4(245 k ) + 1.7(159 k )
A
= 6.39 k/ft 2
(12 ft )(8 ft )
The one-way shear is calculated for the long direction:

L w
Vu = qeff d
2 2
ft
24 in
kips 12 ft
12 in 19.5 in ft (8 ft ) = 172.53 k
= 6.39
ft 2 2
2
12 in
Vu
d=
2 fc b
172.53 k
0.85 * 2 3000 (96 in )
1 kip
= 19.3 in
1000 lb
The d for short direction, (Vu =131 k, d =9.77 in), so the thickness of the footing works
for one-way shear. Look at two-way shear:
x = 24 in + 19.5 in = 43.5 in or 3.625 ft
x = 16 in + 19.5 in = 35.5 in or 2.958 ft
b o = 2(43.5 in ) + 2(35.5 in.) = 158 in
The shear value is going to be:
Vu = 6.39
kips
ft
d=
((12 ft )(8ft ) (3.625 ft )(2.958 ft )) = 544.9 k
Vu
4 f c bo
544.9 k
0.85 * 4 3000 (158 in )
1 kip
= 18.52 in.
1000 lb
So the selected thickness is acceptable for two-way and one-way shear. Look at the
reinforcement in the footing to h =24 in. and d= 19.5 in., and qeff = 6.39 k/ft2
Compute the moments in both directions
1 ft
24 in
L c
12 in
= 12 ft
= 5 ft
2
2
2 2
L c

L c 2 2
(5 ft ) (8 ft ) = 639. k - ft
M u = qn
b = 6.39 k/ft (5 ft )
2
2
2 2
for the moment:
12 in
639 k - ft
M
ft = 0.2101 ksi
Ru = u =
(96 in )(19.5 in )2
bd 2
w2 1.70w +
1.7 * 0.2101 ksi

0.9(3 ksi )
=0

w=
1.70
(1.7 )2 4(0.13226)
= 0.08173
wf c
0.08173(3 ksi )
= 0.00409
60 ksi
fy
As = bd = 0.00409(96 in )(19.5 in ) = 7.65 in 2
As (min ) = 0.0018bh = 0.0018(96 in )(24 in ) = 4.15 in 2
As =
200
fy
bd =
200
60000
(96 in )(19.5 in ) = 6.24 in 2

A
7.65 in 2
# bars = s =
= 12.75 Use 13 bars
2
0.6 in
Ab
s=
96 in. 6 in.
= 7.5 in
12
Compute the reinforcement in the short direction
1 ft
16 in
L c 8 ft
12
in
= 3.33 ft
=
2
2
2 2
L c

L c 2 2
(3.333 ft ) (12 ft ) = 426. k - ft
M u = qn
b = 6.39 k/ft (3.333 ft )
2
2
2 2
for the moment:
12 in
426 k - ft
M
ft = 0.09336 ksi
Ru = u =
2
bd 2 (144 in )(19.5 in )
w2 1.70w +
1.7 * 0.09336 ksi

0.9(3 ksi )
=0

w=
1.70
(1.7 )2 4(0.05878)
= 0.03531
wf c
0.03531(3 ksi )
= 0.00177
fy
60 ksi
As = bd = 0.00409(144 in )(19.5 in ) = 4.96 in 2
As (min ) = 0.0018bh = 0.0018(144 in )(24 in ) = 6.22 in 2
As =
200
fy
bd =
200
60000
(144 in )(19.5 in ) = 9.36 in 2

A
9.36 in 2
# bars = s =
= 30.2 Use 31 bars
2
Ab 0.31 in
Compute the band reinforcement of the footing = 12 ft/8 ft = 1.5
Reinforcement in bandwidth
= 2 = 2 = 0 .8
Total reinforcement
+ 1 1 .5 + 1
The number of bars inside the bandwidth is 0.8(31 bars) =24.8 or 25 bars. The number of
bars outside the band is
Total # bars - band bars
31 25
= 3 Use 3 bars
2
2
There will be 13 bars in the bandwidth and 2 bars each side outside the band. The
spacing between the bars are:
outside # bar =
s=
96 in
= 4 in
24
s=
24 in - 3 in.
= 7 in.
3
The bearing capacity on the footing
N1 = (0.85 f c A1 ) = 0.7(0.85(3 ksi )(16 in )(24 in )) = 685.4 k
The equivalent N2 value
N 2 = N1
A2
2 N1
A1
The areas are:

A2 = (12 ft )(8 ft ) = 96 ft 2
1 ft
24 in 1 ft = 2.67 ft 2
A1 = 16 in
12 in.
12 in.
The bearing capacity of the footing is

A2
96 ft 2
2.67 ft
A1
= 6 > 2 N 2 = 2 N1 = 2(685.4 k ) = 1371 k
The Pu = 1.4(245 k) +1.7(159 k) = 613.3 k < 685.4 k, so we need minimum amount of

steel for bearing.
0.005 A1 = 0.005(24 in.)(16 in.) = 1.92 in 2
Use 4 # 7 bars (2.40 in2), the minimum development length of the bars
ld =
0.02d b f y
0.02(0.875 in )(60000 psi )
= 19.17 in Use 19.5 in
3000 psi
fc
The minimum length is
ld = 0.0003d b f y = 0.0003(0.875 in )(60000 psi ) = 15.75 in 8 in

Using 4 # 7 bars as dowels for the column with a development length of 19.5 in.
Check the development length of the reinforcement of the footing for the #7 bars:
ld
fy
ld =
20 f c
db
f ydb
(60000 psi )(0.875 in ) = 47.9 in
20 f c
20 3000 psi
The available length for the bar is

ld =
fy
db
144 in
ld =
20 f c
f ydb
3 in
24 in
= 57 in
2
2
2
2
Check the development length of the reinforcement of the footing for the #5 bars:
ld
cover
(60000 psi )(0.625 in ) = 34.3 in
20 f c
20 3000 psi
The available length for the bar is

ld =
L
2
cover
c
2
96 in
2
3 in
16 in
2
= 37 in

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CVEN 444

fc = 3500 psi As = 9 in2

Also determine whether the section satisfies ACI

0.85 ( 3.5 ksi )(14 in.)

Check the c/d ratio

therefore, the beam is transition zone, the steel will yield

Check the min of the beam

Compute the minimum

0.0252 > 0.00333 satisfies the ACI code.

Solve using equilibrium

0.85 ( 7.5 ksi )(14 in.)

Check the c/d ratio

therefore, tension controlled the steel before concrete

Check the min of the beam

Compute the minimum

0.0126 > 0.00433 satisfies the ACI code.

Also determine whether the section satisfies ACI Code requirement.

Solve using equilibrium

0.85 ( 4.5 ksi )(12 in.)

Check the c/d ratio

Check the min of the beam

0.0163 > 0.00335 satisfies the ACI code.

= ( 4 in 2 ) ( 60 ksi ) 20.5 in.

Solve using equilibrium

0.85 ( 7 ksi )(12 in.)

0.0163 > 0.00418 satisfies the ACI code.

= ( 4 in 2 ) ( 60 ksi ) 20.5 in.

0.85 ( 4.5 ksi )(12 in.)

As f y 0.85 f c ( 4 in.)(12 in.)

( 4.74 in ) ( 60 ksi ) 0.85 ( 4.5 ksi ) ( 4 in.)(12 in.)

0.85 ( 4.5 ksi )(16 in.)

So =0.0132 > 0.00335 so it satisfies the ACI standards.

M n = 0.85 f c Ac1 d 1 + 0.85 f c Ac2 d 2

= 0.85 ( 4.5 ksi )( 4 in.)(12 in.) 22.5 in.

= 3763.8 k-in. + 1784.8 k-in.

0.85 ( 7 ksi )(12 in.)

a <4 in. therefore using b=12-in. is ok.

So =0.0176 > 0.00418 so it satisfies the ACI standards.

Compute the nominal moment

= ( 4.74 in 2 ) ( 60 ksi ) 22.5 in.

fy = 60 ksi, fc =4 ksi, As =4(1.0 in2 ) =4.0 in2 1 =0.85

0.85 ( 4 ksi )(12 in.)

Check the min of the beam

0.0148 > 0.00333 satisfies the ACI code.

= ( 4 in 2 ) ( 60 ksi ) 22.5 in.

Assume the compression steel yields

0.85 ( 5 ksi )(10 in.)

Check the strain

Check the yield strain of steel is

Plug in to the equation and solve the quadratic equation.

( ( 0.62 in ) (87 ksi ) (3.00 in ) ( 60 ksi ) ) c

0.85 ( 5 ksi )(10 in.)( 0.8 )

( 0.62 in ) (87 ksi )( 2.5 in.)

0.85 ( 5 ksi )(10 in.)( 0.8 )

Check the stress fs

Compute the minimum

0.0136 > 0.00354 satisfies the ACI code.

Determine the c/d ratio

therefore, the beam is in the tension region

Compute the nominal moment

0.8 ( 4.575 in.)

+ ( 0.62 in 2 ) ( 39.46 ksi )(17.5 in. 2.5 in.)

0.85 ( 5 ksi )(12 in.)

((1.58 in ) (87 ksi ) ( 4.00 in ) ( 60 ksi ) ) c

The area of steel minbd=0.003354(12-in)(8-in) = 0.322 in2 therefore we will need to