VERB + ING

Doubling of Consonants
1. If the base form ends in a single consonant and the preceding vowel is stressed and
spelled with only one letter, double the consonant before adding -ing and -ed
occur/occurring, swim/swimming, ship/shipping
2. If the preceding vowel is unstressed or spelled with two vowels, do not double the
consonant
enter/entering, visit/visiting, develop/developing, dread/dreading,
appeal/appealing, shout/shouting
3. If the base form ends in -c, change the -c to -ck
panic/panicking, picnic/picnicking
4. There are exceptions with some verbs ending in -l, -m, and -p
travel--traveling or travelling
program--programing or programming
worship--worshiping or worshipping

Deletion or Addition of -e
1. If the base form ends in an unpronounced -e, drop the -e before adding -ing and
-ed inflections
create/creating, type/typing, bake/baking
2. For monosyllabic verbs ending in -ye, -oe, or -nge, keep the final -e before -ing, but
drop it before ed
dye--dyeing/dyed
hoe--hoeing/hoed
singe--singeing/singed

1. If the base form ends in -y, change the -y to -ie

carry/carries, try/tries
2. If the base form ends in -ed, change the -y to -i
carry/carried, try/tried
3. Following a vowel or preceding -ing, the -y remains
stay/stayed, toy/toying, try/trying, carry/carrying
4. If the base form ends in -ie, change the -ie to -y before -ing
die/dying, lie/lying, tie/tying
A. We use verb +Ing to talk about the time of speaking
Example :
We are watching tv at the moment
Other example :

Anne is in her car :She is in her way to work .She is driving to work

This means : She is driving now , at time of speaking , the action is not finished

B. But the action is not necessarily happening at the time of speaking

For example :
Tom and Anne are speaking Tom says :

Im reading an interesting book at the moment .

Ill lend it to you when Ive finished it .

Tom is not reading the book at the time of speaking .

He means that he has started it but has not finished it yet.
He is in the middle of reading .

C. We use verb + ing when we talk about things happening in a period around now
( for example , today /week/tonight , etc )

Youre working hard today . Yes , I have a lot to do.

Is Sarah working this week . No, shes on vacation .

D . Here are some verbs that are followed by ing :

Stop finish avoid consider
admit
Quiet postpone
delay imagine
deny

miss
risk

involve
practice

Examples :

Suddenly every stopped talking .There was silence

Ill do the shopping when Ive finished cleaning the aparment

E. We also ing after :

Give up (= quit )
Put off ( = postpone )
Go on ( =continue )
Keep or keep on (= do something continuously or repeatedly )

Paula has given up trying to lost weight .

We have to do something. We cant go on living like this

F. Whit some verbs you can use the structure verb +somebody + ing

I cant imagine George riding a motorbike .

Sorry to keep you waiting so long . Thats all right .