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LeCroy
LC Series Color
Digital Oscilloscopes
Revision K December 1999
LeCroy Corporation
700 Chestnut Ridge Road
Chestnut Ridge, NY 109776499
Tel: (914) 578 6020, Fax: (914) 578 5985
LeCroy SA
2, rue du Pr-de-la-Fontaine
1217 Meyrin 1/Geneva, Switzerland
Tel: (41) 22 719 21 11, Fax: (41) 22 782 39 15
Internet: www.lecroy.com
Copyright January 1999, LeCroy. All rights reserved. Information in this publication supersedes all
earlier versions. Specifications subject to change.
LeCroy, ProBus and SMART Trigger are registered trademarks of LeCroy Corporation. Centronics
is a registered trademark of Data Computer Corp. Epson is a registered trademark of Epson
2
America Inc. I C is a trademark of Philips. MathCad is a registered trademark of MATHSOFT Inc.
MATLAB is a registered trademark of The MathWorks, Inc. Microsoft, MS and Microsoft Access are
registered trademarks, and Windows and NT trademarks, of Microsoft Corporation. PowerPC is a
registered trademark of IBM Microelectronics. DeskJet, ThinkJet, QuietJet, LaserJet, PaintJet, HP
7470 and HP 7550 are registered trademarks of Hewlett-Packard Company.
Manufactured under
an ISO 9000
Registered
Quality Management
System
Visit www.lecroy.com
to view the certificate.
LCXXX-OM-E
Rev K
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L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
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IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
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L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
BLANK PAG E
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
LeC roy w arrants its oscilloscope products for norm al use and
operation w ithin specifications for a period of three years from
the date of shipm ent. C alibration each year is recom m ended to
ensure in-spec. perform ance. S pares, replacem ent parts and
repairs are w arranted for 90 days. T he instrum ents firm w are has
been thoroughly tested and is thought to be functional, but is
supplied w ithout w arranty of any k ind covering detailed
perform ance. P roducts not m ade by LeC roy are covered solely
by the w arranty of the original equipm ent m anufacturer.
U nder the LeC roy w arranty, LeC roy w ill repair or, at its option,
replace any product returned w ithin the w arranty period to a
LeC roy authorized service center. H ow ever, this w ill be done only
if the product is determ ined after exam ination by LeC roy to be
defective due to w ork m anship or m aterials, and not to have been
caused by m isuse, neglect or accident, or by abnorm al conditions
or operation.
This warranty replaces all other warranties,
expressed or implied, including but not limited to any
implied warranty of merchantability, fitness, or adequacy for
any particular purpose or use. LeCroy shall not be liable for
any special, incidental, or consequential damages, whether
in contract or otherwise. The client will be responsible for
the transportation and insurance charges for the return of
products to the service facility. LeCroy will return all
products under warranty with transport prepaid.
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
H elp on installation, calibration, and the use of LeC roy equipm ent
is available from the LeC roy C ustom er S ervice C enter in your
country (telephone num bers are given at the back of this m anual).
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
C ontact the nearest LeC roy S ervice C enter or office to find out
w here to return the product. A ll returned products should be
identified by m odel and serial num ber. Y ou should describe the
defect or failure, and provide your nam e and contact num ber. In
the case of a product returned to the factory, a R eturn
A uthorization N um ber (R A N ) should be used. T he R A N can be
obtained by contacting the C ustom er S ervice D epartm ent.
R eturn shipm ents should be prepaid. W e cannot accept C O D
(C ash O n D elivery) or C ollect R eturn shipm ents. W e
recom m end air freight.
It is im portant that the R A N be clearly show n on the outside of
the shipping pack age for prom pt forw arding to the appropriate
LeC roy departm ent.
NOT APPLICABLE TO
LC374, LC564 OR LC584 SERIES
H ands-O n G uide
W arranty
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
BLAN K PAG E
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
T he displays interactive, user-friendly interface is controlled by pushbuttons and knobs to display as m any as eight different waveform s
at once. T he param eters that control signal acquisition are reported
sim ultaneously. T he screen presents internal status and
m easurem ent results, as well as operational, m easurem ent, and
waveform -analysis m enus. See C hapters 4 and 16 .
T he large display area presents w aveform s and data using
A dvanced C olor M anagem ent. O verlap-m ixing and contrastenhancem ent functions ensure that overlapping w aveform s
rem ain distinct at all tim es. B oth pre-set and personal color
schem es are available. S ee C hapter 11 .
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
O p tio n a l
S to ra g e D e v ic e s
CH1
S a m p le
& H o ld
8 - B it A D C (s )
Peak
D e te c t
F ast
M em ory
CH2
S a m p le
& H o ld
8 - B it A D C (s )
Peak
D e te c t
F ast
M em ory
F lo p p y D is k
In te rfa c e
C e n tro n ic s
R S - 2 3 2 -C
External
Trigger
T rig g e r
L o g ic
G P IB
T im e b a s e
Power PC
M ic ro p r o c e s s o r
w ith In te g r a te d
C ache M em ory
CH3
S a m p le
& H o ld
8 - B it A D C (s )
Peak
D e te c t
F ast
M em ory
CH4
S a m p le
& H o ld
8 - B it A D C (s )
Peak
D e te c t
F ast
M em ory
F ro n t- P a n e l
P roces sor
R e a l- Tim e
C lo c k
D is p la y
P roces sor
D a ta M e m o r ie s
P r o g ra m M e m o r y
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
O p tio n a l
S to ra g e D e v ic e s
CH1
S a m p le
& H o ld
8 - B it A D C
CH2
S a m p le
& H o ld
8 - B it A D C
F ast
m em ory
F ast
m em ory
F lo p p y D is k
In te rfa c e
C e n tro n ic s
R S - 2 3 2 -C
External
Trigger
T rig g e r
L o g ic
G P IB
T im e b a s e
Power PC
M ic ro p r o c e s s o r
w ith In te g r a te d
C ache M em ory
CH3
S a m p le
& H o ld
8 - B it A D C
F ast
m em ory
CH4
S a m p le
& H o ld
8 - B it A D C
F ast
m em ory
D is p la y
P roces sor
F ro n t- P a n e l
P roces sor
R e a l- Tim e
C lo c k
D a ta M e m o r ie s
P r o g ra m M e m o r y
# # #
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
B LA N K P A G E
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
On (Supply)
Off (Supply)
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
Earth (Ground) Terminal
Chassis Terminal.
WARNING
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
instrum ent
T he power supply of the oscilloscope is protected against shortcircuit and overload by m eans of two fuses (T 6.3 A, 250 V) located
above the m ains plug.
D isconnect the power cord before inspecting or replacing a fuse.
O pen the fuse box by inserting a sm all screwdriver under the plastic
cover and prying it open. For continued fire protection at all line
voltages, replace only with fuses of the specified type and rating .
C onnect the oscilloscope to the power outlet and switch it on, using
the power O n/O ff button located near the left-hand corner of the
instrum ent below the screen. W hen the instrum ent is switched on,
auto-calibration and a test of the oscilloscopes AD C s and m em ories
are perform ed. T he full testing procedure takes approxim ately 10
seconds, then a display will appear on the screen.
# # #
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
BLAN K PAG E
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
LC684
ONLY
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
SYSTEM SETUP
CHANNELS
TIMEBASE + TRIGGER
ZOOM + MATH
T hese controls allow direct adjustm ent of tim e/division, trigger level
and delay, as well as access to the T IM EBASE and T R IG G ER
m enu groups. (See C hapters 6, 7, and 8.)
T his blue button autom atically adjusts the scope to acquire and
display signals on the active input channels. (See page 46.)
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
W hen you press a m enu entry button, the setup configuration for
its particular group of functions is im m ediately displayed as a
m enu group. O nce accessed, these m enus are controlled by the
m enu buttons and the tw o m enu k nobs (illustrated at left).
A m enu button is active and can be pressed to m ak e selections
w henever a m enu is visible beside it on-screen. T he tw o m enu
k nobs w ork w ith the tw o m enu buttons to w hich they are joined
by lines. B oth control the m enus currently show n beside them .
B uttons and k nobs are used either for selecting entire m enus,
particular item s from m enus, for m oving up or dow n through
m enu lists, or for changing the values listed in m enus.
S om e m enus have others behind them . T heir presence is
indicated by a heavy outline or shadow on the front m enu, as
illustrated at left. P ressing the corresponding m enu button
reveals the back m enu. P ressing the R E T U R N button again
displays the front m enu.
A change of a m enu value norm ally changes the screen because
the new value is im m ediately used in acquisition settings,
processing, or display.
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
g iv e s y o u a c c e s s to the P A N E L S E T U P S m enus,
w hich are used for saving and recalling an instrum ent
configuration (Chapter 13).
g iv e s y o u a c c e s s to th e S T A T U S m enu, w hich
sum m arizes the instrum ents status for acquisition, system , and
other functions (Chapter 16).
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
The grid area of the screen and the fields surrounding it provide a variety of useful information,
and specific commands and functions.
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
Real-Time Clock: P ow ered by a battery-back ed real-tim e clock ,
this field displays the current date and tim e.
Displayed Trace Label: T his field indicates each channel or
channel displayed, the tim e/div and volts/div settings, and cursor
readings w here appropriate. It indicates the acquisition
param eters set w hen the trace w as captured or processed,
w hereas the A cquisition S um m ary field (see below ) indicates the
current setting.
Acquisition Summary: T his field show s the tim ebase, volts/div,
probe attenuation, and coupling for each channel, w ith the
selected channel highlighted. It indicates the current setting,
w hereas the acquisition param eters that w ere set w hen the trace
w as captured or processed are indicated in the D isplayed T race
label (above).
Trigger Level: T he arrow s on both sides of the grid m ark the
trigger voltage relative to ground potential.
Trigger Delay: Located below the grid, this field indicates the
trigger tim e relative to the trace. T he delay can be adjusted from
zero to ten grid divisions (pre-trigger), or zero to 10 000 (posttrigger) off-screen. T he pre-trigger delay appears as the upw ardpointing arrow , w hereas post-trigger is given as a delay in
seconds.
Trigger Status: T his field show s sam ple rate and trigger rearm ing status (A U T O , N O R M A L, S IN G LE , S T O P P E D ). T he
sm all rectangle flashes to indicate that an acquisition has been
m ade.
Trigger Configuration: T his field contains an icon indicating the
type of trigger, and provides inform ation on the triggers source,
slope, level and coupling, and other inform ation w hen
appropriate.
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
Trace and Ground Level: T his is the trace num ber and groundlevel m ark er.
( not show n )
Time and Frequency: T his area displays the tim e and frequency
relative to cursors below the grid. F or exam ple, w hen the
absolute tim e cursor (the cross-hair) is activated by selecting it
from the M E A S U R E m enu group, this field displays the tim e
betw een the cursor and the trigger point.
Message: T his area above the grid is used to display a variety of
m essages including w arnings, system indications, and titles
show ing the instrum ents current status.
# # #
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
T h e s e b u tto n s a s s ig n
a ll v e rtic a l c o n tro ls to
one
c h a n n e l,
re g a rd le s s
of
th e
channel
d is p la ye d .
T h e s e le c te d c h a n n e l
n u m b e r is h ig h lig h te d
in
th e
A c q u is itio n
S u m m a ry fie ld (s e e
p re v io u s c h a p te r).
T his button autom atically adjusts offset and volts/div to m atch the
active channels input signal.
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
T his m enu entry button accesses the C oupling m enus (see next
section).
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
Press
to select a coupling level that adapts the
oscilloscopes input impedance to the impedance of the
device under test. This button also accesses the menus that
let you select the
coupling and grounding of each input channel
ECL or TTL gain, offset, and coupling that have been
preset for the channel shown
bandwidth limit for all channels
probe attenuation of each input channel
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
T his function sets the probe attenuation for the input channel.
(S ee the follow ing section for probe details.)
In the AC position signals are coupled capacitively, thus blocking the input signals
DC component and limiting signal frequencies below 10 Hz.
In the DC position all signal frequency components are allowed to pass through, and
1 M or 50 can be selected as the input impedance.
the overload condition can be reset by removing the signal from the input and again
selecting the 50 input impedance from the menu
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
5. Press
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
U se this function to turn off the bandwidth lim it or to select a lim it.
T he bandwidth can be reduced from the m axim um to either
200 M H z or 25 M H z, or 30 M H z (3dB), depending on your LC
m odel (see Appendix A). Bandwidth lim iting is useful for reducing
signal and system noise or preventing high-frequency aliasing,
reducing any high-frequency signals that m ay cause aliasing in
single-shot applications, for exam ple. T his m enu appears as G lobal
BW L if the G lobal BW L is activated; that is, the lim it that you set
applies to all channels. W hen a lim it can be set individually for each
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
# # #
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
B LA N K P A G E
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
P ress
the
STOP
button to prevent the
oscilloscope
from
acquiring
a
new
signal.
If you press S T O P
w hile a single-shot
acquisition
is
in
process,
the
last
acquired signal is
k ept.
If you press
after
an
acquisition
started,
acquisition is
and
a
w aveform
reconstruction
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
STOP
R IS
has
the
halted,
partial
is done.
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
P ress this button to place the instrum ent in A uto M ode: the scope
autom atically displays the signal if no trigger quick ly occurs.
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
P ress this button to place the instrum ent in S ingle-S hot M ode,
w here it w aits for a single trigger to occur, then displays the
signal and stops acquiring. If no trigger occurs, you can press the
button again to see the signal w ithout a trigger.
T his button sets the trigger delay at zero, the trigger instant at the
left-hand edge of the grid.
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
NOT AVAILABLE ON
LC564, LC584, OR LC684
SERIES
W ith slow tim ebases, sam ple rate decreases and very short
events such as glitches can be m issed if they occur betw een
sam ples. T o avoid this special circuitry called P eak D etect can
capture the signal envelope to a resolution of 2.5 ns. T his does
not, how ever, destroy underlying sim ultaneously captured data
on w hich advanced processing can still be perform ed. (S ee
m enus on page 76.)
R andom Interleaved S am pling (R IS ) is an acquisition technique
that allow s effective sam pling rates higher than the m axim um
single-shot sam pling rate. It is used on repetitive w aveform s w ith
a stable trigger. T he oscilloscopes m axim um effective sam pling
rate of 10 G S /s (25 G S /s for LC564, LC584, AND LC684 SERIES )
can be achieved w ith R IS by acquiring 20 single-shot acquisitions
(bins) at 500 M S /s. T hese bins are positioned approxim ately
0.1 ns apart (40 ps on LC564, LC584, AND LC684 SERIES). T he
process of acquiring the bins and satisfying the tim e constraint is
a random one. T he relative tim e betw een A D C sam pling instants
and the event trigger provides the necessary variation, m easured
by the tim ebase to 10-ps (5 ps for LC684 SERIES) resolution.
Segment 1
Segment 2
Segment 3
Final capture
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
T rigger tim e stam ps are given for each of the segm ents, using
the T ext & T im es S tatus m enu (see C hapter 16). E ach
individual segm ent can be zoom ed or used as input to m ath
functions (see C hapter 10).
T he tim ebase setting in S equence m ode is used to determ ine the
acquisition duration of each segm ent: 10 x tim e/div. T his setting,
along w ith the desired num ber of segm ents, m axim um segm ent
length, and total available m em ory are used to determ ine the
actual num ber of sam ples or segm ents, and tim e or points.
H ow ever, the display of the com plete w aveform w ith all its
segm ents m ay not entirely fill the screen.
S equence m ode can also be used in rem ote operation to tak e full
advantage of the scopes high data-transm ission capability,
overlapping the transm ission of one w aveform w ith its
successors acquisition (see the R em ote C ontrol M anual for
details).
NOT AVAILABLE ON
LC564, LC584, OR LC684
SERIES
The behavior of
is modified in both Roll and Sequence modes (refer to the
previous chapter and page 711).
To ensure low deadtime between
segments, you must avoid pushing buttons and turning
knobs during the acquisition.
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
(SERIES LC564,
LC584 ONLY) Channels are
combined to increase
sample rate or memory size
or both in order to capture
and view a signal in all its
detail. When combined,
those channels (like the EXT
BNC input) that are not
involved in the combination
remain available for
triggering, even though they
are not displayed. It is
preferable to select
Automatic (not available
on LC684 SERIES) to combine
channels and have the
remaining acquisition
channels available for
triggering. The channels
available for triggering only
are indicated by trig only
in the Acquisition Summary
Field.
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
M odels in the LC334, LC534 LC574, and LC684 SERIES com bine
channels by m eans of a sim ple adapter.
W hen all channels are com bined on a LC374 SERIES m odel, the
sam pling rate is doubled on C hannel 2 and the record length
increases fivefold.
MODELS IN THE LC564, LC584 SERIES sim ilarly do not require an
adapter. In addition, they can com bine their A D C s on any input
channel using A uto-C om bine m ode. In this m ode, w hich is
activated by selecting A utom atic from the C hannel U se m enu
(see page 77), all available m em ory is allocated to a single,
active displayed channel, provided no other channel is displayed
or referenced in the P aram eter or M ath S etup. If tw o traces are
displayed or referenced, sam pling and m em ory resources w ill be
divided equally betw een them . If m ore than tw o traces are
displayed or referenced, the resources w ill be split equally am ong
all four channels.
S ee the M axim um S am ple R ate and A cquisition M em ory table in
A ppendix A for the specifications for each m odel.
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
Press
to choose Single-Shot, RIS. or Sequence
modes to combine channels and increase sample rate and
record length on most models; or use Peak Detect and the
external clock, where available.
T IM EBASE indicates the num ber of points acquired, sam ple rate,
and total tim e span.
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
Use this feature to select one of the two principal m odes of acquisition:
Single Shot displays data collected during successive single-shot
acquisitions from the input channels. This m ode lets you capture
non-recurring or very low repetition-rate events sim ultaneously on
all input channels (see page 71).
RIS (Random Interleaved Sam pling) achieves a higher effective
sam pling rate than Single-Shot does, provided the input signal is
repetitive and the trigger is stable (see page 72).
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
T his m enu is inactive w hen the external sam ple clock is being
used. Single-Shot is selected by default.
T his feature selects the input coupling for the external clock
signal.
External clock m odes are available only if the EXT trigger is not the trigger
source.
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
T his feature turns S equence m ode on or off when new segm ents
are acquired continuously. W ith S equence On, the corresponding
m enu k nob is used to choose the num ber of segm ents (see page
710). N either trigger tim e stam ps nor A U T O sequence tim e-out
feature are available w hen external clock is used, nor is
intersegm ent dead tim e guaranteed.
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
Along with the corresponding button or knob, this feature selects the
m axim um record length, in sam ples, for each segm ent. See
Appendix A for m odel m axim um s.
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
B LA N K P A G E
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
describes
triggering
operations, and
offers hints on how
to perform them.
Rotate
for example to adjust the trigger level of the
single trigger source or, for Pattern Trigger, the highlighted trace.
TRIGGER SETUP
P ressing
gives you
access to ad vance d trigger
operatio ns, such as cha ngin g the
glitch w idth or th e ho ld-off tim eout,
w hich are p erform ed using the
T R IG G E R S E T U P m enu grou p,
Edge
represente d h ere schem atically ( F ig.
8 1 ). O nce yo u ha ve m odified the
trigger co nfiguratio n, th e cha nges are
stored intern ally in a n on-volatile
m em ory.
SMART
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
Selecting Edge and its menus (Fig. 82) causes the scope
to trigger whenever the selected signal source meets the
trigger conditions. The trigger source is defined by the
trigger level, coupling, slope or hold-off. Certain of these
basic conditions applicable for SMART Trigger are also
selected in Edge (see menu descriptions starting on page
834).
The symbol above represents an edge trigger, with positive slope
the highlighted edge defined as the trigger condition.
Edge
T rig g e r o n
1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , E xt, E xt1 0 ,
or E xt5 depending on m odel,
L in e
C o u p lin g
D C , A C , L F R E J, H F R E J, H F
S lo p e
P o s, N e g ,
and W in d o w depending on m odel
H o ld o ff
O ff, T im e , E ve n ts
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
AVAI L A B L E O N L Y
O N L C564, L C584 A N D
L C684 SERIES
T h e tr ig g e r s o u r c e m a y b e o n e o f th e f o llo w in g :
T he acquisitio n chan ne l sign a l (C H 1, C H 2, C H 3 or C H 4)
conditio ned for th e o vera ll vo ltage ga in, co up lin g, a nd
band w id th.
T he line voltage tha t po w ers the oscilloscope (LIN E ). T his
can be used to pro vide a stab le disp la y of sig nals
s ynchron ous w ith the p o w er line. C oup ling and le ve l are no t
rele vant for this selectio n.
T he signa l ap plied to the E X T B N C conn ector (E X T ). T his
can be used to trigger the oscilloscope w ithin a ra nge of
0.5 V on E X T and 5 V w ith E X T /10 as the trigg er source.
O r, on th e LC564, LC584, AND LC684 SERIES: 1.2 V for E X T
and 6 V w ith E X T /5 as trigg er source.
In addition to the EX T B N C connector, acquisition channels that
are not used w hen channels are com bined for greater sam ple
rates or m em ory can be used for triggering (see C hapter 7,
C om bining C hannels).
Level defines the so urce voltage at w hich the trigg er circuit w ill
generate an e ve nt (a ch ange in th e inpu t sig na l th at satisfies the
trigger co nd itions). T he selected trigg er le ve l is associate d w ith
the chose n trigger so urce. N ote th at the trigg er le ve l is specified
in vo lts an d norm ally rem ains uncha nge d w hen the vertical ga in
or offset is m odified.
T he A m plitude an d R a nge of the trigg er le ve l are lim ited as
follo w s:
5 screen divisions w ith a ch ann el as the trig ger source
0.5 V , or 1.2 V for the LC564, LC584, AND LC684 SERIES
w ith E X T as the trigger so urce
5 V w ith E X T /10, or 6 V w ith E X T /5 as th e trigger so urce
on th e LC564, LC584, AND LC684 SERIES
none w ith LIN E as the trig ger source (zero crossin g is use d)
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
T his is the p articu lar type of signa l cou plin g at the in put of the
trigger c ircuit. A s w ith the trigg er le ve l, the co uplin g can be
ind epe nde ntly se lecte d for each source. T hus, cha ng ing the
trigger so urce can ch ang e th e coup ling. T he typ es of coup lin g
that yo u can se lect are:
DC: A ll the signals frequency com ponents are coupled to the
trigger circuit for high-frequency bursts, or w here the use of AC
coupling w ould shift the effective trigger level.
AC: The signal is capacitively coupled, D C levels are rejected
and frequencies below 50 H z attenuated (10 H z for the LC564,
LC584, AND LC684 SERIES).
LF REJ: The signal is coupled through a capacitive high-pass
filter netw ork. D C is rejected, and signal frequencies below
50 kH z are attenuated (100 M H z for the LC564, LC584, AND
LC684 SERIES). For stable triggering on m edium - to highfrequency signals.
HF REJ: S ignals are D C -coupled to the trigger circuit. A low pass filter netw ork attenuates frequencies above 50 kH z. This
is used for triggering on low frequencies.
HF: This is to be used only w hen necessary for triggering on
high-frequency repetitive signals 300 M H z, w ith a m axim um
trigger frequency of 500 M H z (1 G H z for the LC564, LC584,
AND LC684 SERIES). H F is autom atically overridden and set to
AC w hen it is incom patible with other trigger characteristics
(and SM A R T Trigger). O nly one slope is available.
S lope determ ines the direction of the trigger voltage transition that is
used to generate a particular trigger event. Like coupling, the
selected slope is associated w ith the chosen trigger source.
W ithout hold-off, the tim e between each successive trigger event
would be lim ited only by the input signal, the coupling, and the
oscilloscopes bandwidth. H ow ever, som etim es a stable display of
com plex repetitive w aveform s can be achieved by placing a
condition on this tim e. T his is a hold-off, which can be expressed
either as a period of tim e or an event count. H old-off disables the
trigger circuit for a given period of tim e, or events (an event is the
num ber of occasions on which the trigger condition is m et) after the
last trigger occurred. T he trigger w ill again occur when the hold-off
has elapsed and the other specified conditions are m et. H old-off is
used to obtain a stable trigger for repetitive, com posite w aveform s.
For exam ple, if the num ber or duration of sub-signals is known, they
can be disabled by choosing an appropriate hold-off value.
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
T h is is th e m in im u m tim e b e tw e e n trig g e rs (F ig . 8 3 ). A
trig g e r is g e n e ra te d w h e n th e trig g e r c o n d itio n is m e t a fte r
th e s e le c te d h o ld -o ff d e la y fro m th e la s t trig g e r. T h e tim in g
fo r th e d e la y is in itia liz e d a n d s ta rte d o n e a c h trig g e r.
T rigger
E vent
T rigger
E vent
H old-off tim e
H old-off tim e
Generated Trigger
T rigger initiates
hold-off tim er
T rigger initiates
hold-off tim er
Figure 83. Edge Trigger with Hold-off by Time. The bold edges on the trigger source indicate a positive slope. The
broken upward-pointing arrows show potential triggers that would occur were other conditions met, while the bold
ones show where triggers actually occur when the hold-off time has been exceeded.
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
E vent
#1
E vent
#2
T rigger
E vent
E vent
#1
E vent
#2
T rigger
E vent
H old-off by 2 events
H old-off by 2 events
G enerated T rigger
T rigger initiates
hold-off tim er
T rigger
initiates
hold-off
tim er
Figure 84. Edge Trigger with Hold-off by Events (two events in this example). The bold edges on the trigger
source indicate a positive slope. The broken, upward-pointing arrows indicate potential triggers, while the bold
ones show where triggers actually occur after the hold-off expires.
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
AVAI L A B L E O N L Y
O N L C564, L C584 , A N D
L C684 SERIES
Upper Region
WINDOW REGION
Trigger Level
Lower Region
Time
Triggers
Figure 85. Edge Window Trigger: triggers when the signal leaves the window region.
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
Glitch
T rig g e r o n
1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , E xt, E xt1 0 ,
o r E xt5 d e p e n d in g o n m o d e l,
P a tte rn
C o u p lin g
D C , A C , L F R E J, H F R E J
At end of
Neg, Pos
p u lse
W id th : less
than or equal
to
O ff, T im e
W id th :
greater than
or equal to
O ff, T im e
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
D igital electronics circuits norm ally use an internal clock. For testing
purposes a glitch can be defined as any pulse of w idth sm aller than
the clock period or half-period. G litch Trigger has a broad range of
applications in digital and analog electronic developm ent, AT E, E M I,
telecom m unications, and m agnetic m edia studies.
Trigger Source
G litch
W idth
W idth
S elected
G litch
W idth
W idth
S elected
Generated Trigger
Figure 87. Glitch Trigger: here on a pulse width less than or equal to the
width selected. The broken upward arrow indicates a potential trigger, while
the bold one shows where the actual trigger occurs.
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
Figure 88. Exclusion Trigger. In this example, only pulses outside the
boundaries of the width range, those of 25.0 ns or 27.5 ns in length, will
be captured. Note the OR in the width menu, which changes to &
when triggering only within the range.
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
Interval
T rig g e r o n
1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , E xt, E xt1 0 ,
o r E xt5 d e p e n d in g o n m o d e l,
P a tte rn
C o u p lin g
D C , A C , L F R E J, H F R E J
B e tw e e n
Neg, Pos
edges
In te rva l:
l ess than or
O ff, T im e
equal to
In te rva l:
greater than
or equal to
O ff, T im e
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
Interval
W idth
S elected
Interval
Generated Trigger
Figure 810. Interval Trigger that triggers when the interval width is smaller
than the selected interval. The broken, upward-pointing arrow indicates a
potential trigger, while the bold one shows where the actual trigger occurs
on the positive edge within the selected interval.
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
F or this Interval T rigg er, gen erated on a n interva l larger than the
one se lecte d, a m inim um interval betw een tw o ed ges of the
sam e slope is selected (F ig. 8 11). T he trigg er is g enera ted on
the secon d e dge if it occurs after the selected interva l. T he
tim ing for the interva l is initia lize d a nd restarted w hen eve r th e
selected ed ge occurs. In tervals of be tw ee n 1 0 n s an d 20 s (2 ns
and 20 s for the LC564, LC584. AND LC684 SERIES ) can be
In terval W idth
Interval
W idth
S electe d
Inte rva l
S elected
Interval
Generated Trigger
selected .
Figure 811. Interval Trigger that triggers when the interval width is larger
than the selected interval. The broken upward-pointing arrow indicates a
potential trigger, while the bold one shows where the actual trigger occurs
on the positive edge after the selected interval.
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
Interval
W idth
In te rval W id th
Range
0
T1
T2
Range
0
T1
T2
Generated Trigger
Figure 812. Interval Trigger that triggers when the interval falls within the
selected range: T1 = the ranges lower time limit; T2 = its upper limit. The
broken upward-pointing arrow indicates a potential trigger, while the bold
one indicates where the actual trigger occurs on the positive edge within
the selected range.
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
Interval
W idth
Range
0
T1
T2
Range
0
T1
T2
Generated Trigger
Figure 813. Interval Trigger that triggers when the interval falls outside the
selected range: T1 = the ranges lower time limit; T2 = its upper limit. The
broken upward-pointing arrow indicates a potential trigger, while the bold
one shows where the actual trigger occurs, on the positive edge outside the
selected range.
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
Pattern
T rig g e r o n
E xitin g, E n te rin g
P a tte rn
w ith
1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , E xt
C o u p lin g
D C , A C , L F R E J, H F R E J
L e ve l
L , H , X , (L e ve l va lu e )
H o ld o ff
O ff, T im e , E vts
selected.
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
P attern T rigger can be used in dig ita l desig n for the testing of
com plex lo gic inp uts or d ata tra nsm ission buses.
T hreshold
CH 1
H igh
Low
T hreshold
CH 2
H igh
Low
Pattern 1H*2L
Figure 815. Pattern Trigger: triggers when all pattern conditions are met.
Bold, upward-pointing arrows show where triggers occur.
Information summarizing the pattern setup is displayed.
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
T rigger = C H 1 + C H 2
that is, trigger w hen entering the pattern C H 1 = high O R C H 2 =
low .
B y de M organ's theorem this is equivalent to:
T rigger = C H 1 C H 2
that is, trigger w hen exiting the pattern C H 1 = low AN D C H 2 =
high. T his configuration can be easily program m ed.
The possibility of setting the threshold individually for each channel
extends this m ethod so that it becom es a m ore general W indow
T rigger: in order to trigger the input pulse am plitude m ust lie w ithin
or outside a given arbitrary w indow .
P attern Trigger has been designed to allow a choice of the trigger
point. B y choosing 1L*2H entering , the trigger w ill occur at the
m om ent the pattern 1L*2H becom es true.
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
Qualified
Qualified
By
By
T rigger on
T rigger on
O nly after
A fter
G oes and
stays
A bove|B elow
value
H as gone
A bove|B elow
value
W ithin
W ait
W ithin
W ait
Figure 816. State- and Edge-Qualified Trigger Menus (see pages 840 and 841).
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
Q ualified T riggers offer the cho ice of ge nerating a trigger w he n a
selected pattern is present or a bsent. A s w ith P attern T rigger,
the p attern is d efined as a log ical A N D com bination of trigger
states tha t are hig h or lo w : high w he n a trigg er source is greater
than the se lecte d trigger le ve l; lo w w hen it is less. F or exam ple,
a pattern m ight b e d efined a s presen t w h en the trigg er states for
C han nels 1 an d 2 are h ig h a nd E X T is lo w . If an y o ne of th ese
conditio ns is no t m et, the pa ttern state is considere d abse nt.
Q ualified T riggers a llo w a n a dditio na l qu alification o nce th e
selected pattern sta te occurs. F or exam ple: w a it for 10 ns u p to
20 s, trigger on C H 1 to the 99 9 9 9 9 99 th e ve nt. T he pa ttern is
used to qu alify the trig ger w ith out actua lly g enera tin g it.
T riggering w ill occur w hen an other s ign al, the trig ger source,
m eets its trigger con ditio n w h ile th e p attern is prese nt. T he
trigger so urce itse lf is not allo w ed in the pattern.
T ypica l a pp licatio ns can b e found w here ver tim e viola tio ns occur,
such as in m icro-processor debu gg ing, or te lecom m unicatio ns.
Time determines a delay from the start of the desired pattern. After the
delay (timeout) and while the pattern is present, a trigger can occur.
The timing for the delay is restarted when the selected pattern begins.
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
W ait
W ait
Generated Trigger
Figure 817. State-Qualified by Wait: Trigger after timeout. The broken upward-pointing arrows
indicate potential triggers, while the bold arrows show where the actual triggers occurs.
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
Figure 818. Edge-Qualified by Wait: Trigger after timeout. The broken upward-
S elected
T im e
S elected
T im e
Generated Trigger
pointing arrows indicate potential triggers, while the bold ones show where
the actual trigger occurs.
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
Qual First
By
E d g e, S ta te q u a lifie r
T rig g e r o n
1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , E xt, E xt1 0
A fte r
1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , E xt, E xt1 0 ,
P a tte rn
Has gone
A b o ve , B e lo w
va lu e
W ith in
W a it
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
(Edge-)Qualified Trigger
Qualifier
Trigger
DT
S egm ent 1
DT
S egm ent 2
S egm ent N
Qualifier
Trigger
DT
S egm ent 1
S egm ent 2
DT
S egm ent N
Figure 20. Comparing Qualified (top) and Qualified First (bottom) Triggers. Whereas the (Edge-)
Qualified Trigger requires that each of the segments be qualified by a valid condition in Sequence
Mode, Qualified First Trigger needs only a single valid condition to qualify a full sequence of
segments. Note that the inter-segment deadtime (DT) is much shorter with Qualified First, which is
used only in Sequence Mode.
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
T V sig n a l o n
1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , E xt, E xt 1 0 ,
or E xt5 depending on m odel
# o f fie ld s
1, 2, 4, 8
T V typ e
S ta n d a rd , C u sto m
a s: 6 2 5 /5 0 /2 :1 , 5 2 5 /6 0 /2 :1
(S tandard)
a s: L in e # , H z,
In te rla cin g # :#
(C ustom )
T rig g e r o n
L in e # , F ie ld # , a n y
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
Because most TV systems have more than two fields, the enhanced field-counting
capability (FIELDLOCK) allows the oscilloscope to trigger consistently on a
chosen line within a field of the signal. The field-numbering system is relative, in
that the oscilloscope cannot distinguish between fields 1, 3, 5, or 7 (or 2, 4, 6, or 8)
in an absolute way.
For each of the characteristics the following remarks apply:
?/50/?, ?/60/?
In order to allow maximum flexibility, no line-counting convention is used.
The line count should be thought of as a line-synchronizing pulse count. It
includes the transitions of the equalizing pulses. For certain extreme cases,
the field transition recognition will no longer work, and only the any line
mode will be available.
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
D ropout T rigger (F ig. 8 22 ) pro vides trigg erin g w h ene ver the
signa l d isapp ears for a set p erio d of tim e. T he trigger is
generated at the end of the tim e-out period follo w ing the last
trigger-source transition , as sho w n in the figure on the n ext pag e
( F ig. 8 23). T im e-outs of betw ee n 25 n s an d 2 0 s (2 n s an d 2 0 s
for the LC564, LC584, AND LC684 SERIES) can be se lected .
Dropout
T rig g e r a fte r
tim e o u t if n o e d g e
o ccu rs o n
1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , E xt, E xt1 0 ,
o r E xt5 depending on
m odel
W ith slo p e
P o sitive , N e g a tive
W ith in
T im e
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
Trigger Source
W ait
T im e-out
W ait
T im e-out
Generated Trigger
Figure 823. Dropout Trigger: occurs when the time-out has expired. The bold upward-pointing arrows show where
the trigger occurs.
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
AVAI L A B L E O N L Y
O N L C564, L C584, A N D
L C684 SERIES
R unt
T rig g e r o n
1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , E xt, E xt5
C o u p lin g
D C , A C , L F R E J, H F R E J
W ith
L e ve l: u p p e r le ve l,
lo w e r le ve l
W id th : ru n t < = , ru n t > =
E d g e : N e g a tive , P o sitive
Figure 824. Runt Trigger Menus (see page 845).
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
Trigger Source
Figure 825. Runt Trigger: triggers when a pulse crosses the first threshold but not the second before
re-crossing the first marked by the bold, upward-pointing arrows.
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
AVAI L A B L E O N L Y O N
L C564, LC584, A N D L C684
S ERIES
S le w R a te
T rig g e r o n
1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , E xt, E xt5
C o u p lin g
D C , A C , L F R E J, H F R E J
W ith
d V : u p p e r le ve l, lo w e r
le ve l
S lo p e : N e g a tive , P o sitive
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
Trigger Source
U pper
T hreshold Level
dV
dT
dT
dT
dT
Low er T hreshold
Level
Generated Trigger
Figure 827. Slew Rate Trigger: occurs when a rising or falling edge crosses two thresholds (dV)
outside a selected time range (dT), marked by the bold, upward-pointing arrow.
This Slew Rate example is the same as the Edge Trigger symbol,
but shows lower (0.556 V) and upper (188 m) threshold levels,
and a time range ( 73.6 ns).
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
Press
Trigger source,
T his selects the trigg er coup ling for the current source.
T his allo w s yo u to disa ble th e oscilloscop e's trig ger circuit for a
definab le period of tim e or num ber of events after a trigg er e ven t
occurs. T he hold-off can be d efined as a period of Time or a
num ber of Evts (events are c han ges in th e inpu t sig na l th at
satisfy trigg er cond itions). T he m enu k nob is used to vary th e
hold off value. T im e values in th e ran ge 10 ns to 2 0 s, or 2 ns to
20 s for the LC564, LC584, AND LC684 SERIES m a y b e entered .
E vent co unts in th e ran ge 1 to 99 999 99 9 are allo w ed.
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
Press
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
U se this to select the trigger source.
On instructs the instrum ent to trigger if the pulse is less than or equal
to the value defined here. T he value can be adjusted w ith the
associated m enu knob, while the test can be turned on or off by
pressing the m enu button, and used in com bination w ith width .
You can enter width values in the range 2.5 ns to 20 s (600 ps to
20 s for the LC564, LC584, AND LC684 SERIES).
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
Set this to trigger if the interval is less than or equal to the value
defined here, which can be adjusted using the associated knob. T he
test can be turned on or off with the corresponding m enu button, and
can be used in com bination w ith the interval test. You can enter
interval values in the range 10 ns to 20 s (2 ns to 20 s for the LC564,
LC584, AND LC684 SERIES ).
Set this to trigger if the interval is greater than or equal to the value
defined here, which can be adjusted using the associated m enu
knob T he test can be turned on or off using the corresponding m enu
button, and can be used in com bination with the interval test. T he
two interval lim its are com bined to select intervals w ithin (&) a
range if the interval value is greater than the interval value.
O R they can be com bined to select intervals on either side of this
range. You can enter interval values in the range 10 ns to 20 s (2 ns
to 20 s for the LC564, LC584, AND LC684 SERIES).
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
U se this to select the line and field on w hich to trigger. W hen it is not
im portant that a line be defined (done using the lower m enu knob)
Field changes to any to allow triggering on an unknown line.
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
U se this to select the trigger source. O ther conditions for this source,
such as slope and hold-off, m ay be set up using Edge T rigger (see
page 834).
U se this to specify the tim e lim it (within T<) for accepting the
trigger event. Alternatively, to specify how m uch tim e (wait T>) or
how m any trigger events (wait Evs) should be allow ed before the
acquisition is taken on the next trigger event. T he qualifier signal
m ust rem ain valid until the final trigger has been received. T he tim e
value can be chosen in the range 10 ns20 s (2 ns to 20 s for the
LC564, LC584, AND LC684 SERIES ). T he trigger event count can be
chosen in the range 1 to 99 999 999.
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
U se this to select the trigger source. O ther conditions for this source,
such as slope and hold-off, m ay be set up using Edge T rigger (see
page 834).
U se this to adjust the qualifier threshold and determ ine whether the
qualifier signal is valid once it has gone above or below that
threshold. Selecting Pattern as the qualifier source in the m enu
above offers the choice of pattern Present or Absent.
U se this to specify the tim e lim it (within T<) for accepting the
trigger event. O r, use it to specify the delay in tim e (wait T>) or
num ber of trigger events (wait Evs) after a valid transition has
occurred. A trigger can only be accepted after this delay. Any
subsequent qualifier event restarts this count. T he tim e value can be
chosen in the range 10 ns to 20 s (2 ns to 20 s for the LC564, LC584,
AND LC684 SERIES). T he trigger event count can be chosen in the
range 1 to 99 999 999.
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
U se this to select Entering for the instrum ent to trigger when the
pattern starts being true , and Exiting for triggering w hen it stops
being true .
T his is for m odifying level values, using the associated knob and the
corresponding m enu button to choose L (low), H (high), or X (don't
care).
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
U se this to select the trigger source. O ther conditions for this source,
such as slope and hold-off, m ay be set up using Edge T rigger (see
page 834).
T o adjust the qualifier threshold and determ ine whether the qualifier
signal is valid once it has gone above or below that threshold.
Selecting Pattern as the qualifier source in the m enu above offers
the choice of pattern Present or Absent.
T o specify the tim e lim it (wait T<) for accepting the trigger event.
O r, to specify the delay in tim e (wait T>) or num ber of trigger events
(wait Evs) after a valid transition has occurred. A trigger can only
be accepted after this delay. A ny subsequent qualifier event restarts
this count. You can choose a tim e value in the range 10 ns to20 s,
and a trigger event count in the range 1 to 99 999 999.
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
U se this to select and set the three defining conditions for the R unt
Trigger:
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
U se this to select and set the three defining conditions for the S lew
R ate T rigger:
W hen dV is selected (not show n at left), the following m enus appear:
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
T he
POSITION k nob repositions zoom ed traces
horizontally . If the source of the expanded w aveform is displayed,
an intensified region corresponding to the area of expansion is
show n.
W hereas the
W hile the
trace.
F inally, the
m enu-entry button accesses the zoom ,
m ath, and sequence segm ent features. S ee next chapter for
details.
# # #
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
T he w eight of old w aveform s in the continuous average tends to
zero (follow ing an exponential rule) at a rate that decreases as
the w eight increases.
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
Press
to configure any of the four traces and to
execute any zoom or math function using the ZOOM + MATH
menus.
Any trace and function can be chained to another trace and function
(not all functions shown m ay be available on your oscilloscope). Trace
A, for exam ple, could be m ade an average of CH 1, Trace B an FFT of
A, and Trace C a zoom of B. All traces can be viewed sim ultaneously
by m eans of the TRACE O N/O FF buttons; and any function can be
zoom ed directly.
Select one of these to redefine a trace and to access the SETUP m enus
(described in the rem ainder of this chapter, using Trace A as an
exam ple ).
This selection accesses the Multi-Zoom and Auto Scroll functions (see
page 108). W ith Multi-Zoom activated, all displayed zoom traces are
sim ultaneously controlled by the horizontal POSITION and ZOOM
knobs, and by Auto Scroll. W hen Multi-Zoom is not used, only the active
zoom trace is controlled. Auto Scroll displays the captured signal with a
zoom expansion that autom atically m oves across the screen. You can
select the scroll speed, scroll through the acquired waveform and pause
on any feature.
T his is for selecting the m axim um num ber of points for all m ath
operations. A low num ber increases com putation speed.
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : N o ve m b e r 1 9 9 9
W hen Off is selected, only the active zoom trace is controlled. W hen
On is selected, all displayed zoom traces (A,B,C ,D ) are autom atically
controlled at the sam e tim e with Auto Scroll, and m anually with the
horizontal ZO O M and PO SIT IO N knobs.
U se this feature to scroll the zoom trace from right to left. W hen
active, the label displays ST O P (PLAYIN G ): Press to stop.
U se this feature to scroll the zoom trace from left to right. W hen
active, the label displays ST O P (R EVER SIN G ): Press to stop.
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : N o ve m b e r 1 9 9 9
W hen you select Summed averaging, for sweeps lets you specify
the num ber of sweeps. If you select Continuous averaging,
however, the sam e m enu item becom es with weighting, which
lets you define the weight. T he difference between the two choices is
that when Summed is selected the first n sweeps will be taken into
account, whereas in Continuous averaging the last sweep will be
given a weight of 1 and the previous result a weight of n in the
calculations.
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
T his lets you select low-pass digital filters that increase the resolution
of the displayed signal at the expense of its bandwidth. (See
Appendix B for a detailed explanation .)
T hese digital filters w ork very m uch lik e analog bandw idth-lim it
filters. In S ingle-S hot m ode, they and the sam pling speed affect
bandw idth. If high bandw idth is needed at slow tim ebases, you
should consider averaging and repetitive sam pling instead.
U se this subm enu to select the filter that will enhance resolution of
the displayed signal. Enhancem ent is possible from one to three bits
in 0.5-bit steps.
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : N o ve m b e r 1 9 9 9
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
U se this subm enu to select the FFT s output form at: Imaginary,
Magnitude, Phase, Power Dens-ity, Power Spect-rum , Real or
Real + Imag.
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : N o ve m b e r 1 9 9 9
U se this subm enu to select the output form at of the FFT Average:
Magnitude, Power Density, or Power Spectrum.
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
Absolute value
Derivative
Exp (base e)
Exp 10 (base 10)
Identity
Integral
Log (base e)
T his is used to select the signal offset (used to com pensate for any
D C offset in the signal).
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : N o ve m b e r 1 9 9 9
U se this to set the adjustm ent (deskew) that will com pensate for the
tim ing differences between signals on two channels, using the
associated m enu knob (range = 2000 ns).
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
U se this to select a or b.
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : N o ve m b e r 1 9 9 9
AMPLITUDE
ACQUIRED WAVEFORM
TIME
CAPTURE TIME
= 10 X TIME / DIV
FREQUENCY
RESOLUTION
f
AMPLITUDE
f = 1/ CAPTURE TIME
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
FREQUENCY
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
S im ilarly, if the source w aveform is a zoom trace, the frequency
resolution is the reciprocal of the displayed w aveform s duration.
AMPLITUDE
ACQUIRED WAVEFORM
TIME
T
SAMPLING PERIOD
FREQUENCY SPAN
AMPLITUDE
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : N o ve m b e r 1 9 9 9
FREQUENCY
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
2.
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : N o ve m b e r 1 9 9 9
# # #
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
Grids
Parameter Measurements
Cursors
Status Information
M ost m enus are displayed in the text color only. T he active trigger
edge or trigger condition shows source-related inform ation in the
trace color, as does the trigger icon. But the titles of C hannel
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
C oupling m enus are trace-colored, and M ath Setup m enu sources
have their own color as well.
Any color can be chosen as neutral in the four user color schem es;
a neutral color is designated by default in each of the six preset
schem es. W hen the M easure G ate function is switched on, this
designated neutral color autom atically relegates display objects of
lim ited interest to the area outside the m easurem ent-gate region
(see page 1121), thus indirectly highlighting the area of greatest
interest inside the gated region.
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
White
Dark Cyan
Ocean Spray
Fuchsia
Cyan
Cream
Ice Blue
Raspberry
Yellow
Sand
Pastel Blue
Neon Pink
Green
Amber
Pale Blue
Pale Pink
Magenta
Olive
Sky Blue
Pink
Blue
Light Green
Royal Blue
Vermilion
Red
Jade
Deep Blue
Orange
Light Gray
Lime Green
Navy
Cerise
Gray
Apple Green
Plum
Khaki
Slate Gray
Emerald Green
Purple
Brown
Charcoal Gray
Grass Green
Amethyst
Black
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
In addition, A nalog P ersistence provides user-definable, postacquisition saturation control of the m aps, allow ing detail to be
easily draw n out of the display.
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
Press
to access the DISPLAY SETUP menus (see
page 1113) and to select from
Persistence
Dot Join
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
G rid styles, exam ples of w hich are show n on the follow ing pages,
offer a variety of w ays to view one or m ore traces in either
S tandard or X Y display. A s m any as eight traces and grids can
be displayed in S tandard m ode using the O ctal grid selection
(see page 1112). W hen P aram eters are used, the special
param eter-style grid com es autom atically into play. G rid
graticules are internally generated, so that the intensity of grids,
as w ell as of w aveform s and text, can be adjusted to the desired
intensity. G rids can also be blended w ith displayed traces.
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
Parameter Display Quad Grid Full-Screen Mode: trace information normally contained in the
trace labels is arranged beneath the grid in Full Screen.
P ressing
expands the grid display to fill the entire
screen. P ressing this button again returns the grid to its norm al
size. P ressing R E T U R N in F ull S creen m ode rem oves the
m enus from view so that w aveform s can be view ed in their
entirety. T hese reappear w hen you press one of the M enu-entry
buttons.
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
You can display as m any as eight traces at the sam e tim e w ith their
respective trace labels and any com bination of m ath, zoom , and
m em ories. W hen O ctal is selected from the S tandard G rids
m enu (see next page), eight separate grids are m ade available.
W hen m ore than four traces are displayed in S ingle-, D ual- or
Q uad-grid style, the accom panying trace labels becom e sm aller
so that as m any as eight labels can be show n. H ow ever, in O ctal
the labels are alw ays sm aller.
Octal style grid, with eight displayed traces and their labels.
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
T his adjusts the screen intensity for the waveform and associated
text by m eans of the associated m enu knob.
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
T his is for activating Persistence. W hen On, this can be cleared and
reset by pressing the C LEAR SW EEPS button or by changing any
acquisition condition or waveform processing condition. T his m enu
button toggles with the AN ALO G PER SIST button.
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
T his adjusts the screen intensity for the waveform and associated
text by m eans of the associated m enu knob.
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
T his adjusts the screen intensity for the waveform and associated
text by m eans of the associated m enu knob.
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
T his is for accessing the Screen Saver controls. W hen enabled, the
built-in screen saver will blank the screen 10 m inutes after the last
use of a front panel control. T his is a com plete display shutdown of
the internal screen, resulting in lower power dissipation and system
noise. T he external m onitor, however, does rem ain active during the
display shutdown. T he front panel LED indicates that the scope is in
the screen-saving ST AN D BY state. Press any front panel control to
restore the screen.
U se this to select from six preset (1 through 6), or four user (U1
through U4) color schem es. W hen a user-custom schem e is
chosen, C H AN G E C O LO R S is added to the list of m enus, enabling
the creation of personal color palettes and the assignm ent of colors
to traces, grids, or any other displayed on-screen object or elem ent
(see box on facing page). It also allows preset schem es to be copied
for easier custom ization.
T his m enu appears when you select one of the four custom color
schem es from the C O LO R SC H EM E m enu (above). It accesses the
C H AN G E C O LO R S secondary m enu (see page 1122).
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
T his is used to show the data (sam ple) points in Normal or Bold
view .
The color
assigned
to
error
and
warning
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
T his is for copying one of the six preset color schem es (1 through 6)
to a user color schem e (U1 through U4), or one user color schem e
to another. C opying m akes custom izing easier by form ing the basis
of a personalized palette that can then be developed.
U se this to select a displayed object for color assignm ent (see box
on previous page for details).
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
Press
Hardcopy settings
Time and date settings for the real-time clock
GPIB and RS-232-C settings
Mass storage utilities (including copy and format and
delete files)
Special modes of operation (including offset behavior,
sequence time-out, cursor units, autocalibration and
Remote Control Assistant)
Signal function at the CAL BNC connector (magnitude,
frequency, shape, trigger out, pass/fail use)
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
W hen you select H ardcopy Setup from U T ILIT IES these m enus
appear:
U se this to select the output device. T his m enu shows the options
installed in the instrum ent. T he device can be a port (G PIB, R S232,
or C entronics) to which a printer is connected, a storage unit such as
a floppy drive or portable hard disk drive (H D D ), or the internal
printer. If it is a port, the G PIB & R S232 m enus should be checked to
ensure that settings are correct. File nam es are assigned
autom atically when you copy to a storage unit.
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
W hen On, this generates a hard copy of the screen and sends it
to the internal printer after every acquisition.
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
W hen you select T im e D ate Setup from U T ILIT IES these m enus
appear:
U se this to activate the changes m ade with the H our M in Sec and
D ay M nth Year buttons and knobs (see below).
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
Line Name
Description
T D
R D
R TS
C TS
D TR
SIG G N D
Signal G round
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
U se this to select
com m unication.
odd,
even,
or
none
for
R S -232
T his is for selecting the num ber of stop bits for R S -232
com m unication.
U se this to set the B aud R ate for R S -232 com m unication using
the associated m enu k nob.
RS-232 cabling can be used in almost every case (for computer cabling see
Transferring Data to PC in the Hands-On Guide).
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
All files are written to, and read from , the current working directory.
T he default nam e of the working directory is LEC R O Y_1.D IR . T his
directory is autom atically created when the m edia are form atted. If
the m edia are form atted elsewhere for instance, on a PC the
directory will be created the first tim e a file is saved to the m em ory
card, floppy disk, or rem ovable hard disk.
T he working directory can be changed to any valid D O S directory
nam e, using the file-nam e preferences m enu. All working directories
are created as sub-directories from the root directory.
T he m axim um num ber of files allowed in any one directory is 2400.
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
Type
Default Name
Customized Name
S tt.n n n
xxxxxxxx.n n n
A tt.n n n
xxxxxxxx.n n n
P a n e l file s
P n n n .P N L
xxxxxn n n .P N L
H a rd co p y file s
D n n n .TIF
D n n n .B M P
D n n n .P R T
D n n n .P L T
xxxxxn n n .TIF
xxxxxn n n .B M P
xxxxxn n n .P R T
xxxxxn n n .P L T
Te m p la te file s
L E C R O Y vv.TP L
C a n n o t b e ch a n g e d
D ire cto ry n a m e
L E C R O Y _ 1 .D IR
xxxxxxxx
S p re a d sh e e t
S ttn n n .TX T
xxxxxn n n .TX T
M a tla b
S ttn n n .D A T
xxxxxn n n .D A T
M a th ca d
S ttn n n .P R N
xxxxxn n n .P R N
Key to Terms
x
a n y le g a l D O S file -n a m e c h a ra c te r
tt
the trace nam e of C1, C2, C3, C4, TA, TB, TC, TD
T IF
BMP
h a rd c o p y g ra p h ic im a g e file s
nnn
a 3 - d ig it d e c im a l s e q u e n c e n u m b e r s t a r t in g
a t 0 0 1 t h a t is a u t o m a t ic a lly a s s ig n e d
PRT
h a rd c o p y p rin te r file s .
P LT
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
If Fill is selected and default nam es are used, the first waveform
stored will be Axx.001, the second Axx.002, and so on. T his
continues until the storage m edium is filled, the file num ber reaches
999, or there are m ore than 2400 files in the current working
directory.
If Wrap is selected, the oldest auto-stored waveform files will be
deleted whenever the m edium becom es full. T he rem aining autostored waveform files will be renam ed: the oldest group of files will
becom e Axx.001, the second oldest Axx.002, and so on.
T he current sequence num ber is deduced from inspection of all file
nam es in the working directory, regardless of file type panel, hard
copy, or waveform . T he highest occupied num eric file-nam e
extension of the form nnn is determ ined, and the next highest
num ber is used as the current generation num ber for storage
operations.
W hen a file generation is deleted, all files designated with the threedigit sequence num ber of the file-nam e extension will be deleted,
regardless of file type.
If the write-protection switch of the card or floppy disk being used has
been set, the m essage D evice is W rite Protected will be displayed
on the upper part of the grid whenever the m edium is accessed for
writing.
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
T his calls up the prim ary m enus for controlling m ass storage. T he
range of U T ILIT IES available depends on the options installed:
(OPTION)
U se this to delete files, or to form at or copy a m achine tem plate onto
m em ory card. (T he U tilities m enus accessed by selection of this
M em ory C ard m enu are sim ilar to those accessed for Floppy D isk,
shown on the following pages.)
U se this to delete files, form at, or copy a m achine tem plate onto
floppy disk. T he exam ples on the following pages illustrate this
selection.
(OPTION)
U se this to delete files, form at, or copy a m achine tem plate onto hard
disk. See page 1214.
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
O nce the floppy disk has been read, these m enus appear. T hey
display inform ation about the installed storage m edia:
last form at date and tim e
m em ory size and available free space
date, tim e, and size inform ation of the selected file on the disk
U se this to delete the file selected in the File m enu (see below).
T his is for selecting the file to be deleted, using the associated m enu
knob or buttons.
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
U se this to quickly (15 seconds) clear the portable hard disk drive.
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
T his is used to delete the directory selected in work with m enu (see
below).
T his is for selecting the directory to be used for file storage and
retrieval.
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
T his is for restoring the file type selected in the File T ype m enu (see
below) to its default nam e.
T his is for m oving back one space and erasing the previous
character.
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
U se this to m ove back one space and erase the previous character.
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
accesses:
and
T his is for specifying the offset behavior of a gain (VO LT S/D IV)
change. T he offset can be fixed in Volts or vertical Divisions.
This is used to control the Global Bandwidth Lim it. W hen On, the
chosen bandwidth lim it applies to all channels; when Off, a
bandwidth lim it can be set individually for each channel. See Chapter
5, Coupling.
Accesses:
T his accesses the U SER PR EFS m enu group (see page 1221).
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
U sed for m onitoring rem ote com m ands received through the
G P IB and R S -232 rem ote control ports, the R em ote C ontrol
A ssistant helps debug com m unications betw een the oscilloscope
and the P C . W hen activated, it displays a log of the dialog tak ing
place through the rem ote control ports of the oscilloscope. W hen
a com m unication error occurs, R C A ssistant gives the additional
m essage R em ote C ontrol: problem detected and logged.
U se this to select:
Off T he R C A ssistant w ill not capture any rem ote com m ands.
Errors Only T his setting displays only w rong or incom plete
com m ands received through any rem ote control port (this is the
default setting after pow er-on).
Full Dialog T his setting captures all rem ote com m ands
received through any rem ote control port and displays up to 100
lines of dialog, after w hich lines are overw ritten on a first-in, firstout basis.
RS232 Also T his setting logs the full dialog and sends it to a
recording device connected to the R S -232 port. W hen this is
used, com m ands can only be received through the G P IB port.
S ee also the C O M M _H E LP and C O M M _H E LP _LO G com m ands
in the R em ote C ontrol M anual.
T urn the knob associated with this m enu to enable scrolling through
the log. Push the corresponding m enu button to clear the log entirely.
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
T his lets you custom ize the operation of front panel controls.
W hen this is On, all front panel buttons when pressed and held in will
cursor sequentially through all the choices in their respective m enus.
W hen On, an audible beep w ill sound w hen you press any front
panel button.
W hen On, an audible beep w ill sound w hen you turn any front
panel k nob.
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
When you select CAL BNC Setup from UTILITIES, you can
choose the type of signal output at the CAL BNC connector. You
can also choose the frequency, amplitude, and pulse shape of
the calibration signal.
In addition, the C AL BN C connector can be used to provide a pulse:
as an action for PASS/FAIL testing
at the occurrence of each accepted trigger event (T rigger O ut)
when the scope is ready to accept a trigger event (T rigger R dy)
M oreover, a D C level in the range 0.05 V to 1 V in 1 M can be
selected.
W hen the instrum ent is switched on, the calibration signal is
autom atically set to its default state: 1 kH z, 1 V square wave.
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
BLAN K PAG E
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
Press WAVEFORM
to store waveforms to internal
memory (M1, M2, M3, or M4) in LeCroys binary format. You
can also store waveforms in binary or ASCII format on
floppy disk, memory card, or removable hard disk (HDD)
where available.
W hen Binary and Flpy (or one of the optional m edia is selected),
the m enus show n on this page appear. W hen an internal
m em ory (M 1 to M 4) is selected, how ever, neither the D ata
F orm at nor A uto-S tore m enus appear. In either case, the
w aveform w ill be stored autom atically in the selected m em ory in
binary form at w hen you press the D O S T O R E m enu button.
W hen ASCII is selected (as show n on the next page) the scope
w ill store the w aveform in an A S C II form at. B ut this w ill create an
output file requiring 10 to 20 tim es the disk space of the original
LeC roy binary file. F urtherm ore, w aveform s stored in A S C II
form at cannot be recalled to the scope.
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
T his is for choosing the data form at, as described on the previous
page. W hen ASCII is selected, the prim ary Setup ASC II Form at
m enu appears im m ediately beneath this m enu, giving access to the
secondary ASC II SET U P m enu (see next page). W hen Binary is
selected, the waveform is stored in binary form at.
This appears only when ASCII is highlighted in Data Form at, as shown
here. It is used for accessing the secondary ASCII SETUP m enu (see
next page).
This is for autom atically storing waveform s after each acquisition. Fill
stores until the m edium is filled, while Wrap stores continuously,
discarding the oldest files on a first-in, first-out basis.
This is for selecting the waveform . All displayed can only be selected
when you are storing on optional storage m edia.
Use this to select the internal m em ories M1, M2, M3, or M4, when
Binary is selected in the Data Form at m enu, as shown on the previous
page . Alternatively, select the optional Card, Flpy, or HDD, when ASCII
is selected from the Data Form at m enu, as shown here.
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
Press WAVEFORM
to recall a waveform from
internal memory, floppy, or the optional memory card or
removable hard disk (HDD).
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
T his selects the device or m edium on which the file is stored: HDD,
Card, or Flpy.
T his selects the file in which the waveform is stored, using the
associated m enu knob.
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
BLAN K PAG E
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
T Abs
A Abs
X
Y
A Rel
O rg = (0,0)
V XRef 0
V XDif V XRef
V XRef 0
V XRef V XO ffset
V XDif V XRef
V YRef 0
V YDif V YRef
V YRef 0
V YRef V YO ffset
V YDif V YRef
O rg =
V XO ffset
V YO ffset
T Rel
W HERE :
A Abs
V XRef
A Rel
V YRef
T Abs
V XDif
T Rel
V YDif
O rg
O rigin
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
Press
to access menus that let you customize special
functions. The contents of the Custom Menu will vary
according to the options installed in the oscilloscope.
LC 684 S E R I E S ONLY
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
(continued)
LC 684 S E R I E S ONLY
T his w izard steps you through jitter tim ing and m easurem ent
setups. R efer to the Jitter and T im ing A nalysis (JT A ) M anual.
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
Press
U se this to select Diff Ref, which shows the num erical difference
between D ifference and R eference cursor am plitudes. Alternatively,
Diff & Ref displays the am plitude values for each cursor. This is not
available in persistence m ode.
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
T he algorithm s that determ ine pulse waveform param eters are able
to detect those situations where the m athem atical form ulas m ay be
applied. H owever, the results obtained should be interpreted with
caution. In such cases the scope displays the nam e of the param eter
and its value, which are separated by a graphic sym bol. T he sym bol
provides inform ation about the param eter, or issues a warning. T he
following table explains these sym bols.
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
The parameter has been determined for several
periods (up to 100), and the average of those
values has been taken.
The parameter has been determined over an
integral number of periods.
The parameter has been calculated on a histogram.
Insufficient data to determine the parameter.
Amplitude histogram is flat within statistical
fluctuations; minimum and maximum are used to
assign top and base.
Only an upper limit could be estimated (the actual
value of the parameter may be smaller than the
displayed value.
The signal is partially in overflow.
The signal is partially in underflow.
The signal is partially in overflow and in underflow.
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
T his is for turning On display of the param eters average, low est,
highest, and standard deviation, as w ell as the num ber of sw eeps
included in the statistics. T he num ber of sw eeps is cleared each
tim e you change the acquisition conditions, or w hen you press
the C LE A R S W E E P S button.
A s long as Parameters is
highlighted in the top m enu, the accum ulation of statistics
continues, even if the statistics are not show n.
U se this to select the trace for w hich the voltage param eters are
m easured. T he choices available in this m enu w ill depend on the
traces displayed (a m axim um of four traces can be displayed).
H ere traces 1 and 2 are displayed and 2 is selected.
U se this to determ ine the starting point (in screen divisions) for
param eter m easurem ents, using the associated m enu k nob.
T rack On link s control of the starting and end points of the
param eter m easurem ent so that they can be m oved together,
using the associated m enu k nob.
Use this to determ ine the end point in screen divisions. It also indicates
the total num ber of data points used for the m easurem ents.
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
T his is for selecting the trace for which the tim e param eters are to be
m easured. T he choices available in this m enu w ill depend on the
traces displayed (a m axim um of four traces can be displayed).
H ere traces 1 and 2 are displayed and 2 selected.
U se this to determ ine the starting point (in screen divisions) for
param eter m easurem ents. T rack On links control of both the
starting and end points of the param eter m easurem ent so that they
can be m oved together, using the associated m enu knob.
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
U se this to determ ine the starting point (in screen divisions) for
param eter m easurem ents. T rack On links control of the starting
and end points of the param eter m easurem ent so that they can be
m oved together, using the associated m enu knob.
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
T his is for selecting the channel or trace on which the param eter will
be m easured.
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
T his calls up the t@lv custom ization m enu (see next page).
Set at t@lv.
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
U se this to select the clock edge or edges used for this param eter
m easurem ent.
T his is for selecting the data edge or edges used for the
m easurem ent.
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
T his is for turning testing Off or On. T urn testing off only to observe
the param eter variations.
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
T o select Param.
T his is for selecting the new param eter to be m easured on this line.
W hen is selected the line is not used.
T his is for selecting the channel or trace on which the param eter will
be m easured.
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
T his is for selecting Mask or --- (No Test) if no test is required on the
selected line (see Param on page 1417).
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
T his is for selecting D=M4 to autom atically display the m ask onscreen, or M1, M2, M3, or M4.
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
T his is for selecting the action (Dump in this exam ple). T he selected
action will then be activated from the following subm enu.
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
Press
to access the menus used for saving or
recalling configurations panel setups to or from nonvolatile memory, floppy disk, memory card, or portable hard
disk (HDD), depending on options installed.
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
T his is for selecting the stored setup, using the associated m enu
k nob.
# # #
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
B LA N K P A G E
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
Press
to open the STATUS menu and access fullscreen summaries of the oscilloscopes system status or
other functional status.
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
T his screen show s the serial num ber of the scope, firm w are
version, and the softw are and hardw are options installed.
T he S oftw are O ptions m enu accesses the A D D O P T IO N K E Y
m enu, w hich lets you activate new softw are by inputting a code.
You sim ply provide LeC roy with the serial num ber, soft version
num ber, and scope ID (all displayed on this screen), as well as order
inform ation. LeC roy provides a unique option key that you can enter
from the instrum ents front panel.
T he M O R E V E R S IO N IN F O R M A T IO N m enu is used to perform
a cyclic redundancy check (C R C ) of the internal firm w are, and
generates a check sum that can be used to ensure that the
firm w are is uncorrupted.
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
T his screen shows how m uch m em ory is being used and how m uch
rem ains free. M em ory allocation: m em ories M 1M 4 can be selected
and then cleared using the C LEAR IN AC T IVE m enu. T he
dedicated persistence data m aps for each channel are
dynam ically created, resized, and deleted as necessary. T he
allocation of m em ory to each of these data m aps w ill appear in
this m enu. P ersistence data m aps are cleared using the C LE A R
S W E E P S button.
# # #
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
BLAN K PAG E
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
Where a
particular series is NOT
mentioned, the
specification applies to
all LeCroy color DSOs.
Where the series is
mentioned without
reference to a
particular model, the
specification applies to
all models in the series.
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
Bandwidth (3 dB)
LC334, LC374 Series: @ 50 : D C to 500 M H z @ 1 M D C :
D C to 500 M H z typical at probe tip
LC534, LC574 Series: @ 50 : D C to 1 G H z
@ 1 M D C : D C to 500 M H z typical at probe tip
LC564, LC584 Series: @ 50 : D C to 1 G H z (2 m V/div: D C to
200 M H z, 5 m V/div: D C to 600 M H z); @ 1 M D C : D C to 5 00
M H z typical at probe tip
LC684 Series: @ 50 : D C to 1.5 G H z (2 m V/div: D C to 200
M H z, 5 m V/div: D C to 600 M H z); @ 1 M D C : D C to 500 M H z
typical at probe tip
W ith PP005 passive probe as standard for all models; active probes optional.
Number of Channels: 4
Number of Digitizers: 4
Max. Sample Rate Window (Also see tables on the following pages.)
LC334, LC534 Series: 4 m s @ 2 G S/s in single-shot m ode
LC374 Series: 0.25 m s @ 2 G S /s in single-shot m ode
LC574 Series: 2 m s @ 4 G S /s in single-shot m ode
LC564 Series: 62.5 s @ 4 G S /s
LC584 Series: 2 m s @ 8 G S /s
LC684 Series: 2 m s @ 8 G S /s
Sensitivity
LC334 Series: 2 m V /div to 5 V /div, 50 , fully variable
2 m V /div to 5 V /div, 1 M , fully variable
LC374, LC534, LC574, LC564, LC584 Series: 2 m V /div to 1
V /div, 50 , fully variable
2 m V /div to 10 V /div, 1 M , fully variable
LC684 Series: 2 m V /div to 1 V /div, 50 , fully variable
2 m V /div to 2 V /div, 1 M , fully variable
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
Offset Range
LC334 Series: 2.00 to 9.99 m V /div: 120 m V
10.0 to 199 m V /div: 1.2 V
0.2 to 5.0 V /div: 24 V
LC374, LC534, LC574, LC564, LC584 Series:
2.00 to 4.99 m V /div: 400 m V
5.00 to 99 m V /div: 1 V
0.1 to 0.99 V /div: 10 V
1.0 to 10 V /div: 100 V (1 M only)
LC684 Series: 2.00 to 4.99 m V /div: 400 m V
5.0 to 99 m V /div: 1.0 V
0.1 to 1.0 V /div: 10 V
5.0 to 100 m V /div: 1.0 V
102 m V to 2.0 V /div (1 M only): 20 V
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
MEMORY PER CHANNEL (IN POINTS)
CHANNELS USED
(PEAK DETECT ON/OFF)
ON SERIES
MAX. SAMPLE
RATE
ACTIVE
CHANNELS
MODEL
AM
AL
500 MS/s
100 k
500 k
2M
LC374 Series
1 GS/s
100 k
LC574 Series
1 GS/s
100 k
500 k
2M
50 k data
+
50 k
peaks
250 k data
+
250 k peaks
1 M data
+
1 M peaks
All
All
1 GS/s
250 k
1M
4M
LC374 Series
2 GS/s
250 k
LC574 Series
2 GS/s
250 k
1M
4M
2 GS/s
500 k
2M
8M
2 GS/s on CH 2
500 k
4 GS/s
500 k
2M
8M
CH 2
&
CH 3
L X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
One
MEMORY PER CHANNEL (IN POINTS)
CHANNELS USED
ON SERIES
MAX.
SAMPLE
RATE
ACTIVE CHANNELS
MODEL
AM
AL
AXL
Any Channel
LC564 Series
2 GS/s
100 k
LC584 Series
2 GS/s
100 k
500 k
2M
4M
LC564 Series
4 GS/s
250 k
LC584 Series
4 GS/s
250 k
1M
4M
8M
All
Paired Channels
CH 2 & CH 3
LC584 Series
8 GS/s
500 k
2M
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
8M
16 M
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
CHANNELS USED
MAX.
SAMPLE
RATE
ACTIVE
CHANNELS
2 GS/s
100 k
500 k
2M
4M
All
4 GS/s
250 k
1M
4M
8M
500 k
2M
8M
16 M
One
DXL
Any Channel
LC684 Series
Paired Channels
LC684 Series
L X X X -O M -E R e v K
8 GS/s
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
System Random Access Memory:
LC334A
LC374A
LC534A
LC574A
LC334AM
LC534AM
LC564A
LC574AM
LC334AL
LC534AL
LC564A
LC684D
LC574AL
LC684DL
L X X X -O M -E R e v K
LC584A
LC584AM
LC684DM
LC584AL
LC584AXL
LC684DXL
8
16
16
64
64
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
LC334A
LC374A
LC564A
LC334AM, AL
LC574A
LC584A
LC534AM, AL
LC584AL, AXL
LC534A
LC574AM, AL
LC684D
LC584AM
LC684DL
LC684DM
LC684DXL
2 to 500
2 to 1000
2 to 2000
2 to 6000
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
L X X X -O M -E R e v K
Modes: N O R M A L, A U T O , S IN G LE , and S T O P .
Sources: C H 1, C H 2, C H 3, C H 4, Line, Ext, Ext/10 (Ext/5 on LC564,
LC584 , AND LC684 SERIES). Slope, Level, and C oupling are unique
to each source.
Slope: P ositive, N egative
LC564, LC584, LC684 Series: P ositive, N egative, B i-S lope
(W indow in and out)
Coupling: A C , D C , H F , L F R E J, H F R E J
Pre-trigger Recording: 0 to 100% of full scale (adjustable in 1%
increm ents)
Post-trigger Delay: 0 to 10 000 divisions (adjustable in 0.1-div
increm ents)
Hold-off by Time: 10 ns to 20 s
LC564, LC584, LC684 Series: 2 ns to 20 s
Holdoff by Events: 1 to 99 999 999
Internal Trigger Range: 5 screen divisions
EXT Trigger Max. Input:
LC334 Series: 10 M //15 pF (LC 334A system capacitance
using P P 002): 250 V m ax. (D C + peak A C 10 k H z); 50
1% : 5 V D C (500 m W ) or 5 V rm s
LC374, LC534, LC574 Series: 10 M //11 pF (system
capacitance using P P 005): 400 V (D C + peak A C
10 k H z); 50 1% : 5 V D C (500 m W ) or 5 V rm s
LC564, LC584A Series: 10 M //11 pF at probe tip (P P 005):
400 V (D C + peak A C 10 k H z); 50 1% : 5 V D C (500
m W ) or 5 V rm s
LC684 Series: 10 M //11 pF at probe tip (P P 005): 100 V
(D C + peak A C 10 k H z); 50 3% : 5 V D C (500 m W ) or
5 V rm s
EXT Trigger Range: 0.5 V w ith E X T ; 5 V w ith E xt/10
LC564, LC584A Series: 1.2 V on E X T ; 6 V w ith E xt/5
LC684 Series: 0.5 V ; 2.5 V w ith E X T /5
Trigger Timing: T rigger D ate and T im e are listed in the
M em ory S tatus M enu.
Trigger Comparator: T here is an optional (C K T R IG ) E C L rear
panel output. A lternatively, the calibrator output can provide a
trigger output or a P A S S /F A IL test output.
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
T his autom atically sets sensitivity, vertical offset, and tim ebase
on all display channels.
Autosetup Time: 2 to 3 seconds
Vertical Find: T his autom atically sets sensitivity and offset for
selected channel.
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
L X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
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IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
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# # #
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
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E nhanced
resolution
filtering
characteristics of the oscilloscope.
im proves
tw o
im portant
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T he oscilloscopes set of constant-phase, F IR (F inite Im pulseR esponse filters provide fast com putation, excellent step
response in 0.5 bit steps, and m inim um bandw idth reduction for
resolution im provem ents of betw een 0.5 and 3 bits. E ach step
corresponds to a bandw idth reduction of a factor of tw o, allow ing
easy control of the bandw idth/resolution trade-off. T he
param eters of the six filters are given in the follow ing table:
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
Resolution Increase
(Enhancement)
3 dB Bandwidth
( Nyquist)
Filter Length
(Samples)
0.5
0.5
1.0
0.241
1.5
0.121
10
2.0
0.058
24
2.5
0.029
51
3.0
0.016
117
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
T his screen shows the spectrum of a square signal before (top grid)
and after (bottom grid) enhanced resolution processing. T he result
clearly illustrates how the filter rejects high-frequency com ponents
from the signal. T he higher the bit enhancem ent, the lower the
resulting bandwidth.
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
In this exam ple the bottom trace has been significantly enhanced by
a 3-bit enhanced resolution function.
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
The enhanced resolution function can only improve the resolution of a trace; it cannot
improve the accuracy or linearity of the original quantization by the 8-bit ADC.
The constraint of good temporal response excludes the use of maximally flat filters.
The pass band will therefore cause signal attenuation for signals near the cut-off
frequency. The highest frequencies passed may be slightly attenuated. The frequency
response of a typical enhanced resolution filter (the 2-bit enhancement filter) is
illustrated below, indicating the 3 dB cut-off frequency of 5.8% of the Nyquist
frequency.
The filtering must be performed on finite record lengths: data will be lost at the start
and end of the waveform, so that the trace becomes slightly shorter after filtering.
The number of samples lost is exactly equal to the length of the impulse response of
the filter used. It thus varies between two and 117 samples. Because of the
oscilloscopes very long waveform memories, this loss just 0.2% of a 50 000 point
trace is not normally noticed. However, it is possible to demand filtering on a record
so short, there would be no data output. In this case the scope will not allow filtering.
# # #
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
BLAN K PAG E
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
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IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
Figure C1
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
Figure C2
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IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
If a signal contains a frequency com ponent above N yquist, the
spectrum w ill be aliased, m eaning that the frequencies w ill be
folded back and spurious. S potting aliased frequencies is often
difficult, as the aliases m ay ride on top of real harm onics. A
sim ple w ay of check ing is to m odify the sam ple rate and observe
w hether the frequency distribution changes.
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IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
S pectral pow er averaging is the technique to use w hen you are
determ ining the frequency response of passive netw ork s such as
filters. F igures 3 and 4 show the transfer functions of a low pass
filter w ith a 3-dB cutoff of 11 M H z, obtained by exciting the filter
w ith a w hite noise source (F ig. C 3) and a sine sw ept generator
(F ig. C 4). B oth techniques give substantially the sam e results.
T he choice of m ethod is governed by the availability of an
adequate generating source.
T he spectra of single tim e-dom ain w aveform s can be com puted
and displayed to obtain pow er averages obtained over as m any
as 50 000 spectra.
Figure C3
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
Figure C4
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
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L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
T his is the signal pow er norm alized to the bandw idth of the
equivalent filter associated w ith the F F T calculation. T he pow er
density is suitable for characterizing broadband noise. (It is
displayed on a logarithm ic vertical axis calibrated in dB m .)
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
Window Type
C hosen using the with window m enu, the window type defines the
bandwidth and shape of the filter to be used in the FFT processing
(see the table on page C 17 for these filters param eters). W hen
A C is selected from the sam e m enu, the D C com ponent of the
input signal is forced to zero prior to the F F T processing. T his
im proves the am plitude resolution, especially w hen the input has
a large D C com ponent.
Applications and Limitations
Rectangular
These are norm ally used w hen the signal is transient (com pletely
contained in the tim e-dom ain w indow ) or know n to have a
fundam ental frequency com ponent that is an integer m ultiple of the
fundam ental frequency of the w indow . Signals other than these
types w ill show varying am ounts of spectral leakage and scallop
loss, w hich can be corrected by selecting another type of w indow .
Hamming
Flat Top
BlackmanHarris
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
Message
Meaning
FFT source data over/underflow T he source w aveform data has been clipped in
am plitude, either in the acquisition gain too high or
inappropriate offset or in previous processing. T he
resulting F F T contains harm onic com ponents w hich
w ould not be present in the unclipped w aveform . T he
settings defining the acquisition or processing should be
changed to elim inate the over/underflow condition.
Circular computation
A function definition is circular (i.e. the function is its ow n
source, indirectly via another function or expansion).
O ne of the definitions should be changed.
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
2.
3.
Xn =
w here: x k is
source tim e
0; X n is the
W = e 2 j / N
1
N
k = N 1
xk W
nk
k =0
5.
R n = R N -n
w hile the im aginary part is asym m etric, that is
I n = I N -n
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
T he energy of the signal at a frequency n is distributed equally
betw een the first and the second halves of the spectrum ; the
energy at frequency 0 is com pletely contained in the 0 term .
T he first half of the spectrum (R e, Im ), from 0 to the N yquist
frequency is k ept for further processing and doubled in
am plitude:
R n = 2 x R n
In = 2 x I n
6.
0 n < N /2
0 n < N /2
M n = R n2 +I n2
S teps 16 lead to the follow ing result:
A n A C sine w ave of am plitude 1.0 V w ith an integral num ber of
periods N p in the tim e w indow , transform ed w ith the rectangular
w indow , results in a fundam ental peak of 1.0 V m agnitude in the
spectrum at frequency N p f. H ow ever, a D C com ponent of 1.0
V , transform ed w ith the rectangular w indow , results in a peak of
2.0 V m agnitude at 0 H z.
T he w aveform s for the other available spectrum types are
com puted as follow s:
P hase: angle = arctan ( I n /R n )
angle = 0
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
M n > M m in
M n M m in
M n2
M n
dB m P S = 10 log 10 2 = 20 log 10
M re f
M ref
w here M ref = 0.316 V (that is, 0 dB m is defined as a sine w ave of
0.316 V peak or 0.224 V R M S , giving 1.0 m W into 50 ).
T he dB m P ow er S pectrum is the sam e as dB m M agnitude, as
suggested in the above form ula.
dB m P ow er D ensity:
d B m P D = dB m P S 10 log 10
(E N B W
f )
T he F F T P ow er A verage tak es the com plex frequencydom ain data R n and In for each spectrum generated in S tep
5, and com putes the square of the m agnitude:
M n 2 = R n 2 + In 2 ,
then sum s M n 2 and counts the accum ulated spectra. T he
total is norm alized by the num ber of spectra and converted to
the selected result type using the sam e form ulas as are used
for the F ourier T ransform .
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
Highest Side
Lobe
(dB)
Scallop Loss
(dB)
ENBW
(bins)
Coherent Gain
(dB)
Rectangular
13
3 .9 2
1 .0
0 .0
von Hann
32
1 .4 2
1 .5
6 .0 2
Hamming
43
1 .7 8
1 .3 7
5 .3 5
Flat Top
44
0 .0 1
2 .9 6
1 1 .0 5
BlackmanHarris
67
1 .1 3
1 .7 1
7 .5 3
Window Type
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
C om puting an N -point F F T is equivalent to passing the tim edom ain input signal through N /2 filters and plotting their outputs
against the frequency. T he spacing of filters is f = 1/T , w hile the
bandw idth depends on the w indow function used (see F requency
bins).
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
If a sine w ave has a w hole num ber of periods in the tim e dom ain
record, the pow er spectrum obtained w ith a rectangular w indow
w ill have a sharp peak , corresponding exactly to the frequency
and am plitude of the sine w ave. O therw ise the spectrum peak
w ith a rectangular w indow w ill be low er and broader.
T he highest point in the pow er spectrum can be 3.92 dB low er
(1.57 tim es) w hen the source frequency is halfw ay betw een tw o
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
Wk =
m =0
2 p k
a m cos
m
N
0 k <N
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
T he follow ing table lists the coefficients a m . T he w indow
functions seen in the tim e dom ain are sym m etric around the
point k = N /2.
Window Type
a0
a1
a2
Rectangular
1 .0
0 .0
0 .0
von Hann
0 .5
0 .5
0 .0
Hamming
0 .5 4
0 .4 6
0 .0
Flat-Top
0 .2 8 1
0 .5 2 1
0 .1 9 8
Blackman-Harris
0 .4 2 3
0 .4 9 7
0 .0 7 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
B LA N K P A G E
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
maximum
top
U pp e r T h re s h old
(9 0 % A m p litu d e)
ampl
50 % (M esial)
pkpk
*not to scale
HISTOGRAM*
L ow e r T h re s h old
(1 0 % A m p litu d e)
base
minimum
fall
rise
width
RIGHT CURSOR
LEFT CURSOR
Figure D1
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
O nce top and base are estim ated, calculation of the rise and fall
tim es is easily done (F ig.1). T he 90% and 10% threshold levels
are autom atically determ ined by the oscilloscope, using the
am plitude ( am pl ) param eter.
T hreshold levels for rise or fall tim e can also be selected using
absolute or relative settings ( r@ level, f@ level). If absolute settings
are chosen, the rise or fall tim e is m easured as the tim e interval
separating the tw o crossing points on a rising or falling edge. B ut
w hen relative settings are chosen, the vertical interval spanned
betw een the base and top lines is subdivided into a percentile
scale (base = 0% , top = 100% ) to determ ine the vertical position
of the crossing points.
T he tim e interval separating the points on the rising or falling
edges is then estim ated to yield the rise or fall tim e. T hese
results are averaged over the num ber of transition edges that
occur w ithin the observation w indow .
Rising Edge Duration
Mr
1
Mr
(T r
1
Mf
Mf
90
10
i T r i
10
90
i T f i
i =1
(T f
i =1
W h e re M r is th e n u m b e r o f le a d in g e d g e s fo u n d , M f th e n u m b e r o f
tra ilin g e d g e s fo u n d , T r i x the tim e when rising edge i crosses the x%
level, and T f i x the tim e when falling edge i crosses the x% level.
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
delay
width
width
width
50 %
(Mesial)
last
first
PERIOD
freq = 1/period
PERIOD
duty = width/period
LEFT CURSOR
TRIGGER
POINT
RIGHT CURSOR
Figure D2
T he
oscilloscope
enables
accurate
differential
tim e
m easurem ents betw een tw o traces for exam ple, propagation,
setup and hold delays (F ig. D 3).
P aram eters such as c2 d require the transition polarity of the
clock and data signals to be specified.
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
HYSTERESIS
DATA (1)
THRESHOLD
CLK (2)
c2d(1, 2)
c2d+(1, 2)
LEFT CURSOR
RIGHT CURSOR
TRIGGER POINT
Figure D3
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
ampl
A m p litu d e : M e a su re s th e d iffe re n ce
b e tw e e n th e u p p e r a n d lo w e r le ve ls in
tw o -le ve l sig n a ls. D iffe rs fro m p kp k in th a t
n o ise , o ve rsh o o t, u n d e rsh o o t, a n d rin g in g
d o N O T a ffe ct m e a su re m e n t.
to p b a se
(S e e F ig . D 1 )
S u m fro m first to
la st o f d a ta
m u ltip lie d b y
h o rizo n ta l tim e
b e tw e e n p o in ts
(S e e F ig . D 2 )
area
In te g ra l o f d a ta : C o m p u te s a re a o f
w a ve fo rm b e tw e e n cu rso rs re la tive to
ze ro le ve l. V a lu e s g re a te r th a n ze ro
co n trib u te p o sitive ly to th e a re a ; va lu e s
le ss th a n ze ro n e g a tive ly.
base
L o w e r o f tw o m o st p ro b a b le sta te s
(h ig h e r is to p ). M e a su re s lo w e r le ve l in
tw o -le ve l sig n a ls. D iffe rs fro m m in in th a t
n o ise , o ve rsh o o t, u n d e rsh o o t, a n d rin g in g
d o N O T a ffe ct m e a su re m e n t.
V a lu e o f m o st
p ro b a b le lo w e r
sta te
c yc l e s
D e te rm in e s th e n u m b e r o f cycle s o f a
p e rio d ic w a ve fo rm lyin g b e tw e e n cu rso rs.
Th e first cycle b e g in s a t th e first tra n sitio n
a fte r th e le ft cu rso r. Th e tra n sitio n m a y b e
p o sitive o r n e g a tive g o in g .
Num ber of
cycle s o f
p e rio d ic
w a ve fo rm
(S e e F ig . D 2 )
cmean
C yclic m e a n : C o m p u te s th e a ve ra g e o f
w a ve fo rm d a ta . C o n tra ry to m e a n ,
co m p u te s th e a ve ra g e o ve r a n in te g ra l
n u m b e r o f cycle s, e lim in a tin g b ia s ca u se d
b y fra ctio n a l in te rva ls.
A ve ra g e o f d a ta
va lu e s o f a n
in te g ra l n u m b e r
o f p e rio d s
cmedian C yclic m e d ia n : C o m p u te s th e a ve ra g e o f
b a se a n d to p va lu e s o ve r a n in te g ra l
n u m b e r o f cycle s, co n tra ry to m e d ia n ,
e lim in a tin g b ia s ca u se d b y fra ctio n a l
in te rva ls.
crms
C yclic ro o t m e a n sq u a re : C o m p u te s th e
sq u a re ro o t o f th e su m o f sq u a re s o f d a ta
va lu e s d ivid e d b y th e n u m b e r o f p o in ts.
C o n tra ry to rm s , ca lcu la tio n is p e rfo rm e d
o ve r a n in te g ra l n u m b e r o f cycle s,
e lim in a tin g b ia s ca u se d b y fra ctio n a l
in te rva ls.
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
O n sig n a ls N O T h a vin g tw o
m a jo r le ve ls (su ch a s tria n g le
o r sa w -to o th w a ve s), re tu rn s
sa m e va lu e a s p kp k .
(S e e F ig . D 1 )
O n sig n a ls N O T h a vin g tw o
m a jo r le ve ls (tria n g le o r sa w to o th w a ve s, fo r e xa m p le ),
re tu rn s sa m e va lu e a s m in .
D a ta va lu e fo r
w h ich 5 0 % o f
va lu e s a re a b o ve
a n d 5 0 % b e lo w
1
N
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
(v
i =1
csdev
1
N
(v
m ean ) 2
i =1
data
R e tu rn s th e a ve ra g e o f a ll d a ta p o in ts.
delay
Tim e b e tw e e n
trig g e r a n d first
5 0 % cro ssin g
a fte r le ft cu rso r
dly
d e la y: C o m p u te s tim e b e tw e e n th e 5 0 %
le ve l o f tw o so u rce s.
Tim e b e tw e e n
m id p o in t
tra n sitio n o f tw o
so u rce s
t@lv
t a t le ve l: C o m p u te s th e tra n sitio n
b e tw e e n se le cte d le ve ls o r so u rce s.
Tim e b e tw e e n
tra n sitio n le ve ls
o f tw o so u rce s,
o r fro m trig g e r to
tra n sitio n le ve l o f
a sin g le so u rce
c2d
(S e e F ig . D 2 )
(S e e F ig . D 3 )
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
dur
duty
D u ty cycle : W id th a s p e rce n ta g e o f
p e rio d .
w id th /p e rio d
(S e e F ig . D 2 )
A ve ra g e d u ra tio n
o f fa llin g
8020%
tra n sitio n
f@level
D u ra tio n o f
fa llin g e d g e
b e tw e e n
tra n sitio n le ve ls
fall
F a ll tim e : M e a su re s th e tim e b e tw e e n tw o
sp e cifie d va lu e s o n fa llin g e d g e s o f a
w a ve fo rm . F a ll tim e s fo r e a ch e d g e a re
a ve ra g e d to p ro d u ce th e fin a l re su lt.
Tim e a t lo w e r
th re sh o ld
Tim e a t u p p e r
th re sh o ld
a ve ra g e d o ve r
e a ch fa llin g e d g e
O n sig n a ls N O T h a vin g tw o
m a jo r le ve ls (tria n g le o r sa w to o th w a ve s, fo r e xa m p le ), to p
a n d b a se ca n d e fa u lt to
m a xim u m a n d m in im u m ,
g ivin g , le ss p re d icta b le
re su lts, h o w e ve r.
A rg u m e n ts
Threshold Rem ote
Lower
Upper
lo w
h ig h
Lower
Lim it
1%
55%
Upper
Lim it
45%
99%
Default
(S e e F ig . D 1 )
10%
90%
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
first
H o rizo n ta l a xis
va lu e a t le ft
cu rso r
(S e e F ig . D 2 )
freq
last
maximum M e a su re s th e h ig h e st p o in t in th e
w a ve fo rm . U n like to p , it d o e s N O T a ssu m e
th a t th e w a ve fo rm h a s tw o le ve ls.
1 / p e rio d
(S e e F ig . D 2 )
mean
A ve ra g e o f d a ta fo r a tim e d o m a in
w a ve fo rm . C o m p u te d a s th e ce n tro id o f
d istrib u tio n fo r a h isto g ra m . B u t w h e n
in p u t is a p e rio d ic tim e d o m a in w a ve fo rm ,
it is co m p u te d o n a n in te g ra l n u m b e r o f
p e rio d s.
A ve ra g e o f d a ta
(S e e F ig . D 2 )
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
median
Th e a ve ra g e o f b a se a n d to p va lu e s.
A ve ra g e o f b a se
a n d to p
(S e e F ig . D 2 )
minimum
M e a su re s th e lo w e st p o in t in a w a ve fo rm .
U n like b a se , it d o e s N O T a ssu m e th e
w a ve fo rm h a s tw o le ve ls.
L o w e st va lu e in
a w a ve fo rm
b e tw e e n cu rso rs
(S e e F ig . D 1 )
over
O ve rsh o o t n e g a tive : Th e a m o u n t o f
o ve rsh o o t fo llo w in g a fa llin g e d g e ,
e xp re sse d a s a p e rce n ta g e o f a m p litu d e .
(S e e F ig . D 2 )
over+
O ve rsh o o t p o sitive : Th e a m o u n t o f
o ve rsh o o t fo llo w in g a risin g e d g e ,
e xp re sse d a s a p e rce n ta g e o f a m p litu d e .
T h e w a ve fo rm m u st co n ta in a t
le a st o n e fa llin g e d g e . O n
sig n a ls N O T h a vin g tw o m a jo r
le ve ls (tria n g le o r sa w -to o th
w a ve s, fo r e xa m p le ), it m a y
N O T g ive p re d icta b le re su lts.
W a ve fo rm m u st co n ta in a t
le a st o n e risin g e d g e . O n
sig n a ls N O T h a vin g tw o m a jo r
le ve ls (tria n g le o r sa w -to o th
w a ve s, fo r e xa m p le ), it m a y
N O T g ive p re d icta b le re su lts.
am pl
(S e e F ig . D 1 )
period
W h e re : M r is th e n u m b e r o f
le a d in g e d g e s fo u n d , M f th e
n u m b e r o f tra ilin g e d g e s
fo u n d , T r i x the tim e when rising
edge i crosses the x% level,
and T f i x the tim e when falling
edge i crosses the x% level.
pkpk
P e a k-to -p e a k: Th e d iffe re n ce b e tw e e n
th e h ig h e st a n d lo w e st p o in ts in a
w a ve fo rm . U n like a m p l, it d o e s n o t
a ssu m e th e w a ve fo rm h a s tw o le ve ls.
m axim um
m inim um
(S e e F ig . D 1 )
phase
Phase difference
between signal
and reference
points
N um ber of points
between cursors
(S e e F ig . D 2 )
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
r2080%
R ise 2 0 % to 8 0 % : Th e d u ra tio n o f th e
p u lse w a ve fo rm s risin g tra n sitio n fro m
2 0 % to 8 0 % , a ve ra g e d fo r a ll risin g
tra n sitio n s b e tw e e n th e cu rso rs.
Average duration
of rising 2080 %
transition
O n sig n a ls N O T h a vin g tw o
m a jo r le ve ls (tria n g le o r sa w to o th w a ve s, fo r e xa m p le ), to p
a n d b a se ca n d e fa u lt to
m a xim u m a n d m in im u m ,
g ivin g , le ss p re d icta b le
re su lts, h o w e ve r.
r@level
D uration of rising
edges between
transition levels
O n sig n a ls N O T h a vin g tw o
m a jo r le ve ls (tria n g le o r sa w to o th w a ve s, fo r e xa m p le ), to p
a n d b a se ca n d e fa u lt to
m a xim u m a n d m in im u m ,
g ivin g , le ss p re d icta b le
re su lts, h o w e ve r.
rise
Time at upper
threshold Time at
lower threshold
averaged over each
rising edge
O n sig n a ls N O T h a vin g tw o
m a jo r le ve ls (tria n g le o r sa w to o th w a ve s, fo r e xa m p le ), to p
a n d b a se ca n d e fa u lt to
m a xim u m a n d m in im u m ,
g ivin g , le ss p re d icta b le
re su lts, h o w e ve r.
Arguments
Threshold
Rem ote
Lower
Lim it
Upper
Lim it
Default
Lower
low
1%
45%
10%
Upper
high
55%
99%
90%
(S e e F ig . D 1 )
+ base
100
am p
u p pe r va lu e = u pp e r th re sh old
+ ba se
1 00
low er va lu e = lo w e r th re sho ld
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
rms
R o o t M e a n S q u a re o f d a ta b e tw e e n th e
cu rso rs a b o u t th e sa m e a s sd e v fo r a
ze ro -m e a n w a ve fo rm .
1
N
(v
i =1
(S e e F ig . D 2 )
sdev
S ta n d a rd d e via tio n o f th e d a ta b e tw e e n
th e cu rso rs a b o u t th e sa m e a s rm s fo r
a ze ro -m e a n w a ve fo rm .
1
N
(v
m ean ) 2
i =1
(S e e F ig . D 2 )
t@level
top
V a lu e o f m o st
p ro b a b le h ig h e r
sta te
W id th o f first
p o sitive o r
n e g a tive p u lse
a ve ra g e d fo r a ll
sim ila r p u lse s
width
(S e e F ig . D 1 )
(S e e F ig s. 1 , 2 )
# # #
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
BLAN K PAG E
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
Header
F orm at
includes som e
form of
header before
the data
Time
Values
Amplitude
Values
Sequence
Times
MultiSegment
F orm at stores
tim e values
w ith each
am plitude
value
F orm at stores
am plitude
values
Header
contains
sequence tim e
inform ation for
each sequence
segm ent
F orm at
concatenates
m ultiple
segm ents of a
sequence
w aveform
Dual Array
F orm at allow s
dual-array
data (i.e.
E xtrem a, or
com plex F F T )
to be stored
Spreadsheet
Y es
Y es
Y es
Y es
Y es
Y es
MathCad
Y es
Y es
Y es
Y es
Y es
Y es
MATLAB
No
No
Y es
No
Y es
No
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
Excel will now ask for m ore inform ation about the file type. Ensure
that the D elim ited option is selected in the first step of the W izard.
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
After you click the Finish button, a display sim ilar to that following
should appear.
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
Plotting the data from a waveform requires the use of a scatter plot
based on the data in the first two colum ns, with the first colum n used
as the X values (from R ow 6 in this exam ple).
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
This single-segm ent exam ple is valid for M athCad Versions 3.1 to 7:
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
T his exam ple was created using M athW orks M AT LAB Version
4.2c.1 for W indows.
R eading and graphing a waveform in M AT LAB m ay be achieved
with two sim ple com m ands, as the following exam ple shows. T he
first com m and loads the file into a m atrix which is autom atically
nam ed after the file. T he second com m and plots this m atrix.
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
Format
Fields in bold type are constants that are present in
the output file, as shown. Fields in italic are variables that
are filled in when the file is written.
<scopeid>,
<scopeserial>
Segments,
<num seg>,
SegmentSize,
<num pts>
Segment,
TrigTime,
TimeSinceFirstSegment
#1,
<trigtim e(1)> ,
0.0
...
...
#<num seg>,
< trigtim e( num seg)> ,
< trigdelta( num seg )>
Time,
Ampl,
[Ampl1]
x(0),
y(0),
[y1(0)]
x(1),
y(1),
[y2(0)]
...
...
x(num gseg*num pts),
y(num seg*num pts),
[y1(num seg*num pts)]
Single-Segment Example
LECROYLC584AL,LC58412345
Segments,1,SegmentSize,502
Segment,Trig Time,TimeSinceFirstSegment
#1,21 Mar 1990 9:37:08,0.0
Time,Ampl
0.0,1
0.1,2
...
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
Multi-Segment Example
LECROYLC584AL,LC58412345
Segments,3,SegmentSize,502
Segment,Trig Time,TimeSinceFirstSegment
#1,21 Mar 1990 9:37:08,0.0
#2,21 Mar 1990 9:37:13,5.0
#3,21 Mar 1990 9:37:15,7.0
Time,Ampl
0.0,1
0.1,2
...
0.0,1.1
0.0,2.1
...
0.0,1.05
0.0,2.05
Dual-Array Example
LECROYLC584AL,LC58412345
Segments,1,SegmentSize,502
Segment,Trig Time,TimeSinceFirstSegment
#1,21 Mar 1990 9:37:08,0.0
Time,Ampl
0.0,1.1,1.1
0.1,2.1,2.1
...
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
Format
<scopeid>
<T riggerT im e>
<num seg>
<num pts>
Segment
TimeSinceFirstSegment
1
0.0
...
...
<num seg>
< trigdelta( num seg )>
Time
Ampl
Ampl1
<x(0)>
<y(0)>
[<y1(0)>]
<x(1)>
<y(1)>
[<y1(1)>]
...
...
<x(num gseg*num pts)> <y(num seg*num pts)>
[<y1(num seg*num pts)>]
Single-Segment Example
LECROYLC584AL,LC58412345
23-March-90,12:44:23
1
502
Segment
TimeSinceFirstSegment
1
0.0
Time
Ampl
0.0
1
0.1
2
.....
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
Multi-Segment Example
LECROYLC584AL,LC58412345
23-March-90,12:44:23
3
502
Segment
TimeSinceFirstSegment
1
0.0
2
5.0
3
7.0
Time
Ampl
0.0
1
0.1
2
.....
0.0
1.1
0.1
2.1
.....
0.0
1.05
0.1
2.05
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
Format
y(0)
y(1)
...
y(num seg*num pts)
Single-Segm ent Exam ple
1.0
1.1
1.2
...
4.5
Only one value from the pair of amplitude values present in a dual-array
will be stored.
# # #
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
Cabling
P rin te r, 1 2 -5
CAL BNC Setup, 12-1, 12-23
CAL/BNC, 14-15
Calibration, 2-2, 5-5, 12-19, 12-23,
A-11
Capture inform ation, 4-9
Capture Tim e, 10-18
CAUTION, 3-1
C entroids, D-1
Centronics, 12-2, 12-3
Change, 11-22
CHANGE COLORS, 11-20
CHANGE PARAM, 14-11, 14-12
CHANGE PARAMETERS, 14-10
Channels, A-1
CHANNELS, 4-2
character, 12-16, 12-17
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
Data, D-6
D ata density, D-1
Data Edge, 14-14
Data Form at, 13-3
Data Maps, 11-1, 11-15, 12-12
Data Points, 11-21
Day/Mnth/Year, 12-4
D C , 8-5, C-15
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
DC Accuracy, A-3
DC Level, 12-23
DC Offset
co m p e n sa tin g fo r, 1 0 -1 5
Deadtim e
re d u cin g it u sin g S e q u e n ce
M o d e , 7 -3
Decim ation
in F F T, 1 0 -2 0
Delay, D-6
DELAY, 6-3
Delay By, 10-16
DELETE THIS DIRECTORY,
12-15
Deleting Files, 12-9
Deskew function, 10-16
Differential Tim e Measurem ents,
D-3
Digital Filters, 10-11
Digitizers, A-1
Directory, 12-7, 12-11, 12-15,
12-16, 12-17
Disk Density, 12-13
Display, 2-3, 11-1, 11-2, 11-4,
11-5, 11-8, 11-9, 11-10, 11-11,
11-12, A-8
o n -scre e n se ctio n s a n d
fie ld s, 4 -9
S ta n d a rd , 1 1 -7
X Y , 1 1 -7
DISPLAY, 4-5, 11-13, 11-16,
11-18
Display Area Size, A-8
DISPLAY button, 11-7
Display Order, 11-3
Display Resolution, A-8
Display Scaling, 10-20
Display Setup, 11-13
g e n e ra l, 1 1 -7
X Y , 1 1 -1 6
DISPLAY SETUP, 11-1, 11-14,
11-18
Displayed Trace Label, 4-9, 10-3,
10-20
Distortion
F F T, C -4
DO COPY, 12-18
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
Fall, D-2
Fall 8020 % , D-7
Fall at Level, D-7
Fall tim e, 14-9, D-2, D-7
Falling edge, 14-13
FFT (Fast Fourier Transform ),
10-18, 10-19, A-9, C-1, C-8,
C-9, C-17
FFT Algorithm s, C-14
FFT Average Setup, 10-14
FFT Error Messages, C-13
FFT Interruption, 10-13
FFT m enus, 10-13, 10-14
FFT result m enu, C-10, C-11
FFT Span, 10-18, 10-19, 10-20,
10-21, 10-22
FFT W indows, 10-13, C-5, C-6,
C-11, C-17, C-19, C-20
Fields, 8-39
File, 13-5, 14-21
File Deleting, 12-9
File Nam ing, 12-8, 12-9, 12-15,
12-16
File Transfers, 12-10
File Type, 12-16
Files, 12-7, 12-9, 12-10, 12-12,
12-14, 12-18, 15-3
Fill, 12-9
Filters, B-1, B-2, C-3, C-4, C-18
FIR (Finite Im pulse-Response)
filter, B-1, B-2, C-6
Firm ware Update, 12-19
First, D-8
FLASH UPDATE, 12-22
Floor, 10-12
in e xtre m a w a ve fo rm s, 1 0 -3
Floppy Disk, 12-7, 12-9, 12-10,
12-11, 12-12, 12-13, 12-15,
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
In, 12-19
Input Coupling, A-3
Input Im pedance, 5-3, A-3
INSERT, 12-16, 12-17
Interfacing, 2-3, A-11
Interleaving, 7-2
Internal Mem ory, 13-1, 13-4, 13-5,
15-1
Internal Printer Setup, 12-3
Interpolator Resolution, A-5
Interval Trigger, 8-12, 8-13, 8-14,
8-15, 8-16, 8-38
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
Landscape, 12-3
Last, D-8
Leading Edge, D-2
Leakage, C-5, C-11, C-19
Level, 14-13
LEVEL, 6-4, 8-1
level m enu, 14-13
LIN E, 8-4
LOAD CHANGES NOW , 12-4
Lobes, C-2, C-5, C-17, C-19
Log, 12-20
Low-Frequency Triggering, 8-5
Low-pass Filtering, B-2, B-4, C-6
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
Objects
d isp la yin g th e m , 1 1 -1 , 1 1 -2
Octal Grid, 11-12
Offset behavior, 5-3, 7-11, 12-1,
12-19
OFFSET knob, 5-1
Offset Range, A-1
Offset scaling, 4-7
Opaque Mode, 11-3, 11-20
Operand, 10-9
Operating Environm ent, 3-1, A-11
Operator, 10-9
Options installed
in fo rm a tio n o n , 1 6 -2
O R interval, 8-38
Output Form ats, A-11
output to, 12-3
Over +, D-9
Over, D-9
Overflow, B-3
Overlap Managem ent, 11-1, 11-3,
11-20
Overlays Color, 11-21
Overload, 3-3, 5-3, 5-6
Oversam pling, B-1
Overvoltage, 3-1
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
Real-Tim e Display
S e e R o ll M o d e , 7 -3
RECALL W FORM, 4-5, 13-4,
13-5
Recall/Save, 15-1
Recalling Setups, 15-2, 15-3
Record, 7-8
Record Length
m a xim isin g it, C -8
R ecord up to, 7-7, 7-8
Reducing Noise, 10-3, B-2, B-6
Reference Mem ories, 10-5
Relative Mode. See
Cursors:Relative
Relative Tim e Cursors, 10-1
Rem ote Control, 2-3
Rem ote Control Assistant, 12-19,
12-20
Rem ote Enable, 4-4
Resam ple
d e ske w m a th fu n ctio n , 1 0 -1 6
Rescale Setup, 10-17
R ESET, 9-2, 10-1
Resolution, B-1, B-2, B-3
Resolution Bandwidth
in F F T, 1 0 -1 8
RESTORE DEFAULT NAME,
12-16
Return, 1-3
RETURN, 4-3, 11-10
RIS (Random Interleaved
Sam pling), 2-2, 7-1, 7-2, 7-6,
7-7, 8-28, A-4
A U TO , 6 -2
S N G L , 6 -3
S TO P , 6 -1
Rise, D-2
Rise 2080 % , D-10
Rise at Level, D-10
Rise tim e, 14-9, D-2, D-10
Rising edge, 14-13
Roll Mode, 7-1, 7-3
A U TO , 6 -2
N O R M , 6 -2
S N G L , 6 -3
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
S TO P , 6 -1
Roof, 10-12
in e xtre m a w a ve fo rm s, 1 0 -3
Root Mean Square (rm s), 14-8,
D-2, D-11
RS232 Cabling, 12-3
RS-232-C, 4-6
RS-232-C Connector Pin
Assignm ents, 12-5
RS-232-C Port, 12-5, A-11
Runt Trigger, 8-30, 8-31, 8-45,
A-7
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
SNG L, 6-2
Software version inform ation, 16-2
Source Trace, 10-7
Sources, A-5
Special Modes, 7-11, 12-1, 12-19
Spectral Analysis, 10-18, B-2,
C-1, C-2
Spectral Power Averaging, C-6,
C-7
Spreadsheet, 13-3, E-1, E-2, E-3,
E-4, E-7, E-8, E-12, E-13
Standard Deviation, 14-8, D-11
Standard Display, 11-7, 11-13,
11-14
Standard Param eters, D-1
Standard Tim e Param eters, 14-9
Standard Voltage Param eters,
14-8
Standby, 11-20
State-Qualified Trigger, 8-20, 8-40
State-Qualified Trigger with W ait,
8-21
Statistics, 14-6, 14-8, 14-9, 14-10
STOP, 6-1, 7-11, 10-3
Stop bits, 12-6
Storage
C o p y F ile s, 1 2 -1 8
Storage Availability, 12-9
store, 13-2
STORE, 13-1
STORE W FORMS, 13-1, 13-2
Sum m ary, 16-1
Sum m ed Averaging, 10-3, 10-10
SYSTEM SETUP, 4-5
System Sum m ary, 16-2
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
XY
XY
XY
XY
XY
ZERO, 6-3
Zoom , 9-1, 9-2, 10-1, A-8
ZO O M , 9-2, 10-6
Zoom m enu, 10-7
Zoom of Math Functions, 10-1
# # #
W ait, 8-44
W arnings, 3-2
W arnings Color, 11-21
W arranty, 1-1, A-12
W aveform and Text intensity,
11-13
W aveform Mathem atics, 10-2,
10-5, 10-6
W aveform Processing, 10-5, A-9,
C-1, C-7, C-11, C-12, C-14,
C-17, C-18
W aveform Recall, 13-4, 13-5
W AVEFORM RECALL, 4-5
W aveform Status, 16-4
W aveform Store, 13-1, 13-3
W eight, A-12
W hich files, 12-18
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9
Argentina: Search SA
54-11-4775-8544
Australia: Philips Test and Measurem ent
2 9888 8222
Austria: Dewetron G m bH
0316 3070
Benelux: LeCroy Ltd.
1 235 524 288
Brazil: ATP/Hi-Tek Electronica Ltda
11 725 5822
Canada: Allan Crawford Assoc. Ltd.
M ississauga: 905 890 2010
N. Vancouver: 604 878 1002
Chile: Sistem as de Instrum entacion Ltda
2 6951137
Denmark: Lutronic ApS
43 42 9764
Eastern Europe: Elsinco G m bH, Vienna
1 815 04 00
Finland: O rbis O Y, 0478 830
France: LeCroy Sarl,
1 69 18 83 20
Germany: LeCroy Europe G m bH,
6221 82700
Greece: IFIPCO , 1 67 25 970
Hong Kong: Schm idt Electronics
852 250 70333
Israel: Am m o, 3 547 2747
Italy: LeCroy S.r.l., Venice
41 456 9700
Japan: LeCroy Japan Corp.
O saka: 6 396 0961
Tokyo: 3 3376 9400
Tsukuba: 298 41 5810
L C X X X -O M -E R e v K
IS S U E D : D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 9