1.

Pr esent ed by: Name :Qai ser Hussai n Cl ass:Account i ng & Fi nance Rol l number : Bs
13116 Pr esent ed t o: Pr of Nasi r Chat t a
2. Assignment How Became Pakistan as an Asian Tiger
3. INTRIDUCTION The Four Asian Tigers or Asian Dragons is a term used in reference to
the highly developed economies of Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan after
1970. These regions were the first newly industrialized countries, noted for maintaining
exceptionally high growth rates and rapid industrialization between the early 1960s and
1990s. By the 21st century, all four regions have since graduated into advanced economies
and high-income economies. Now people say that all four countries are rich countries. All
four Asian Tigers have a lot of people who are very educated and good at their jobs. They
also did different things, and tried to do them better than other countries. For example, Hong
Kong and Singapore became very good at international finance, while South Korea and
Taiwan became very good at information technology. However, attention has increasingly
shifted to other Asian economies which are now experiencing faster economic transformation
A country is known as tiger of its continent if its economy is strongest among all other
countries of same continent. But to make a country a tiger of its continent,
betterments/improvements in many fields are required. Pakistan is the next country having
the same vision. Pakistan has a semi-industrialized economy, which mainly encompasses
textiles, chemicals, food processing, agriculture and other industries. Growth poles of
Pakistan's economy are situated along the Indus River; diversified economies of Karachi and
Punjab's urban centers coexist with lesser developed areas in other parts of the country. The
economy has suffered in the past from decades of internal political disputes, a fast growing
population, mixed levels of foreign investment and high defense spending. Foreign exchange
reserves are bolstered by steady worker remittances, but a growing current account deficit
driven by a widening trade gap as import growth outstrips export expansion could draw
down reserves and dampen GDP growth in the medium term. But if we want to make
Pakistan an Asian Tiger, we need to tie up all the broken ends and we will have to struggle
each and every day, day and night to achieve our goal. Following Sectors still needs
improvements if we want to make our country an Asian tiger.
4. EDUCATION : Education is the most important factor which plays a leading role in human
resource development. It promotes productive and informed populace and creates
opportunities for the socially and economically deprived sections of society.
5. AGE LITERACY RATE % Age b/w 55-64 30 % Age b/w 45-54 40 % Age b/w 25-34 50 %
Age b/w 15 -24 60 % LITERACY RATE IN PAKISTAN In indicate the with every passing
generation Literacy rate is increased By 10 %
6. LITERACY RATE IS IT POSSIBLE ?????? 57 % 50% 80% 2009 2015 ULTIMATE
OBJECTIVE OF PAKISTAN
7. UNIVERSITY WORLD RANKING During 1947-2003 not a single university of Pakistan
could be ranked among the top 600 universities of the world......!!! But today 5 to 6
Pakistani universities belong to the prestigious group of worlds best universities .!!!!
8. Pakistani University in World Ranking NUST , ISLAMABAD UET , LAHORE KARACHI
UNIVERSITY QUAID-E-AZAM UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD MUET , JAMSHORO

9. Country World Ranking Educational Budget Cuba #1 18.7% Malaysia #10 8.1% Iran #58
4.9% India #81 4.1% Bangladesh #119 2.4% Pakistan #126 1.8% Indonesia #130 1.2% Lack
of Govt in Education
10. Low income level of people Choudhry and Wadera culture of Pakistan
Administrative lacks of government institutions Lack of government funds to educational
institutes Factors Cause For Pakistans Poor Performance In Education Low level of public
investment
11. Fragmentation Lack of Clarity in Inter-Tier Relationships Poor Quality of Teachers
Weakened Governance Challenges & Managers Quality of curriculum, textbooks & exams
Low level of literacy Out of school children Dropouts Public Private Partnership In-adequate
financing Gender Equity Poor monitoring & evaluation Imbalance in primary, middle &
secondary schools Inconvenient school location
12. Reforms Undertaken Free education up to Matriculation. Grant of scholarships
English language compulsory Budgetary allocations for education increased Encourage
Private sector Improved Examination System Curriculum upgraded to ensure latest
developments / ideas in science and technology Format of the question papers for the
Board examinations revised TeachersTraining and Knowledge: Technical / Vocational
Education Career Counselling at higher secondary level Pre-service & in-service teacher
training
13. IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OF PAKISTAN
14. IMPROT EXPORT OVER VIEW Last five years Inflation has increased Currently 25% 5
years averaged Growth 6-7 cotton products Rice Toys, bicycles and other sporting goods,
etc.
15. Major Exports of Pakistan Over 80% of Pakistani exports are cotton products. Cotton
apparel & household furnishings US$2.6 billion (70.6% of Pakistani to U.S. exports, up
18.6% from 2005) Cotton cloth & fabrics (threads, cordage) $351 million (9.6%, down 5.6%)
Other textiles apparel & household furnishings $138.3 million (3.8%, down 11.6%) Textile
floor coverings including rugs $122.1 million (3.3%, down 2.1%) Non-textile apparel &
household furnishings $81.4 million (2.2%, up 7.2%)
16. Ethanol a viable substitute for oil in motor vehicles Coal as Substitute for Gas Biodiesel
commercialization in Pakistan Canola Oil, a better substitute for Palm Oil Substitutes for
Exports no possible substitute for exports in Pakistan SUBSTITUTE FOR IMPORT &
EXPORT
17. FACTOR AFFECTING OUR EXPORT Stiff international competition in Textile products
from China, India, Vietnam and Bangladesh in our major markets of the US and the EU;
Industrial Zones (QIZs) in Jordan and Egypt fall in unit prices in the textile sector the setting
up of U.S. sponsored Qualified CAFTA (Central American Free Trade Area) NAFTA (North
American Free Trade Area),
18. REASONS FOR TRADE DEFICITE IN PAK ELECTRICITY SHORTFALL LABOR
FORCE POLITICAL INSTABILITY BUISNESS OPPORTUNITIES COUNTRY CROP
SMUGGLING LOE RETURN ON CAPITAL RISING OIL PRICES

19. Locally Manufactured MachineryLongTerm Financing-Export Oriented Projects. Long

Term Financing Export Finance Scheme Short Term Financing IMPROVE EXPORT
KEYS . Specific Transaction Guarantees: Whole Turnover Guarantees, Open Account Sales
Only: Group-Wide Guarantees: Facilities Upgrade: Counter trade/Barter: Bid Bonding:
Performance Guarantees: Inventory Replenishment: Agency Sales: Future Receivables: EDI
Post-Shipment: Advisory:
20. DISCUSS THE MAJOR PROBLEMS OF AGRICULTURAL SECTOR OF PAKISTAN.
WHAT MEASURES DO YOU SUGGEST TO IMPROVE THIS SECTOR? AND MAKE A
PAKISTAN AS A ASIAN TIGER .. AGRICULTER SECTOR
21. INTRODUCTION : Agricultural sector is the backbone of our economy. But the growth of
agriculture in Pakistan is facing a lot of problems. Due to various causes, per acre yield is
very low in Pakistan as compare to other developed countries. Agriculture is central to
economic growth and development in Pakistan. Being the dominant sector it contributes 21.4
percent to GDP, employs 45 percent of the countrys labour force and contributes in the
growth of other sectors of the economy The agriculture growth this year stood at 3.3 percent
as compared to 3.5 percent during the last year.
22. PROBLEMS OF AGRICULTURAL SECTOR Problems of agricultural sector are
categorized as below: TECHNO-ECONOMIC PROBLEMS 1) Limited Cultivable Area The
total area of Pakistan is about 79.6 million hectares, out of which only 23.7 million hectares
(28%) area is used for agricultural purposes. About 8 million hectares area is idle and unutilized. There is vast sub-division and fragmentation of land holdings, as a result modern
technology cannot be applied in agriculture sector.
23. 2 Water Logging and Salinity Water logging and salinity are twin problems of agricultural
sector due to salinity, deposits of salt in land have appeared on the surface of land and they
have adversely affected the performance of agricultural sector. Water logging and salinity
affect about 0.10 million acre of land in every year. It is not only waste of land but also
reduction in productivity. 3) Slow Growth of Allied Products Allied products refer to those
productions, which are not agricultural but indirectly, help the farmer to improve his living
standard. Pakistan is in-sufficient in the production of fruits, milk, poultry, fisheries, livestock
and forestry. As a result not only our food quality is poor but also industries such as furniture,
textiles and dairy cannot be developed.
24. 4) Low Per Hectare Yield The most important problem of agriculture is its low yield per
hectare for almost every major crop. 45.0% of labour force is engaged in this sector in
Pakistan while it is less than 5% in developed countries. But, other countries of world are
getting higher yield per hectare due to use of modern technology and trained labour. 5)
Inadequate Infrastructure Rural infrastructure like, roads, storage facilities, transport,
electricity, education, sanitation and health facilities etc. is inadequate to meet the
requirement of growth of agriculture. Total length of farm-to-market road is not only shorter
but their condition is also poor. Many villages have no metal- led road at all. Electricity is
available to only 3/4 rural populations.
25. 6) Uneconomic Land Holdings Due to increasing population and division of land under
the law of inheritance, landholdings are subdivided over and over again. The result is that
very large number of farmers has less than 2 hectares of area. Moreover holdings are

scattered. It is difficult to use modern machinery on small pieces of land. 7) Old Methods of
Production No doubt, mechanization of agriculture is increasing in Pakistan, but in most of
the areas, the old implements are still being used for agricultural production. Old and
orthodox techniques of production cannot increase the production according to international
levels.
26. 8) Inadequate Supply of Agricultural Inputs The supply of modern inputs like high yielding
variety (HYV) seeds, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, mechanized machinery etc. not only
costly but also inadequate and irregular in Pakistan. Numbers of fertilizer producing units are
just 10 in Pakistan. 9) Lack of Irrigation Facilities Shortage of irrigation facilities causes a
serious limitation in the expansion of crop area in Pakistan. The lower water supplies, loses
from water course in the fields are the serious problems of farm sector. Actual surface water
availability is 91.8 million acre feet. 10) Inadequate Agricultural Research The average crop
yield in Pakistan is very low as compared to the production levels of the advanced countries
of the world. In order to raise the potential of agricultural production, there should be
continuous improvement in the research for agricultural growth. Total agricultural universities
and colleges are only 16 in Pakistan.
27. 11) Problem of Land Reforms Land reforms have been implemented against the will of
people. There is an urgent need to conduct a proper land reform for improving agricultural
growth. Due to this problem agricultural production cannot increase to desired level. 12)
Defective Land Tenure System Defective land tenure system is also responsible for low yield
per acre in agricultural sector. Landlords and feudal-lords live in posh urban areas while
tenants and peasants have no or less incentive for their hard work. So, the productivity in
agricultural sector remains low.
28. 13) Subsistence Farming Our farmer is attached with subsistence farming; a huge of
portion of production is consumed at farmers own house to support large family. Hence, less
portion of the production is available for market supply. It causes low income of the farmers.
Farming is not conducted at commercial level in Pakistan. 14) Low Cropping Intensity
Cropping intensity means the number of crops grown on a piece of land in one year. At the
present stage of our development, there is low level of cropping intensity as compared to
advanced countries. Cultivable area under double or multiple cropping is inadequate in
Pakistan 15) Improper Crop Rotation Proper turning round of crops is essential to reestablish the fertility of the land. The constant cultivation of one crop or two; exhausts the
fertility of the soil. Proper rotation of crops is necessary in order to restore the fertility. .
29. NATURAL PROBLEMS Various Plant Diseases cotton, sugarcane, tobacco, wheat and
rice Natural Calamities Labour is in the hand of mankind but its result is in the hands of
ALLAH in agriculture sector 20% reduction in productivity due to unnecessary rain Under
Utilization of Land
30. SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROBLEMS Consumption Oriented Farmers Litigation Joint Family
System Illiteracy and Ill-health 57.7 only Political Instability
31. FINANCIAL PROLEMS Lack of Credit . About 50.8% poor borrow from landlords in
Pakistan Poor Financial Position of Farmers 57.4% poor are working for feudal-lords without
wages Instability in Market Prices Shortage of Agricultural Finance 50.8% poor borrow from
landlords at very high rate of interest. .

32. Water Logging and Salinity Control destroys about one million acre of land every year in
Punjab and Sindh Construction of Dames Supply of Agriculture Credit Causes 20% reduction
in total production Provision of HYV Seed MEASURES TO REMOVE THESE PROBLEMS
33. Prices of Agricultural Productivities SOLUTIONS
34. Being an agrarian country, agricultural sector of Pakistans economy is still backward.
Use of modern techniques, provision of credit facilities, basic infrastructure and agriculture
research facilities are needed to remove all the problems of agriculture sector. Conclusion
35. Energy play an important role in the economic development of a country. In Pakistan
supply of energy is 46.8 million tons & per capita availability is 0.28 million tons per year
while consumption per year is 48.3 million tons. ENERGY SECTOR
36. Household Industrial Agricultural Commercial Government 42.4%7%6.2% 12.1% 26.5%
37. 1. WAPDA: It generates 11399 MW energy, in which 57% is hydel & 43% of thermal
energy includes. 2. IPP: It only generates 6374 MW energy. 3. Nuclear Power Plants: There
are two nuclear power plants in Pakistan which generate 462 MW energy. 4. KESC: It
generates 1955 MW energy.
38. Coal Petroleum Natural Gas Oil Thermal Source Hydel Source Nuclear Source
KANUPP CHASHMA Worsak Mangla
39. Gas Oil Electricity Coal LPG 43.7%10.4% 15.3% 1.5% 29.0%
40. Biogas Solar energy Wind energy Waterfall
41. Industry refers to that sector of economy which is related with manufacturing and
production of different products Definition
42. Industrial Sector is of great importance for economic development of country. It is
historical fact that countries with strong industrial sector have showed more economic growth
and development industrial sector have shows improvement in national income and
promoted living standard of population. Industrial Sector is of great importance for
economic development of country.
43. Textile industry Sports industry Telecom industry Cement industry Surgical industry
Sugar industry Defense industry Auto mobile industry Fashion industry Fertilizer industry Oil
& Gas Industries Chemical industry
44. Historically, Pakistans textile industry and clothing sector has always been a major
contributor to the foreign exchange earner and still contributes
45. 2nd largest supplier of cotton yarn with 26% share of the international market 3rd
largest exporter of cotton textiles 3rd largest consumer of cotton 4th largest grower of
cotton after USA, China and India
46. Hand embroidered shawlsWinter shawls Blanket Wool fabrics Scarf Power loom
products Handicrafts Textiles products
47. Over 1.3 million farmers, out of total of 5 million are involved in cultivation of this crop.
Industrial Sector is the second largest individual sector of the economy accounting for 24% of
the GDP
48. Fertilizer is any organic or inorganic material of natural or synthetic origin (other than
liming materials) that is added to a soil to supply one or more plant nutrients essential to the
growth of plants.

49. 2.DAP 3.NP 4.CAN 5.SSP 6.Others 1. Urea

50. GDP Contribution 14% Employments 4.7 million Fauji Fertilizer Ltd Engro Chemical Ltd
Sitara Chemicals Ltd
51. Cement industry is one of most prominent and energetic organization having operations
and interactions with cement industry
52. 5th position leaving Germany behind Pakistan is ranked 5th in the worlds cement exports
2008-09 (20.28 mt) Pakistan exports increased by 47% in last fiscal year. Exported $700m in
past year
53. 19 companies are liste 3 controlled by the armed force 4 foreign companies 23
cement companies d on the stock exchange. GDP:- 3.5% Contribution
54. It is the 2nd Largest industry in Pakistan after Textile IndustryAt present there are 106
sugar mills operating in Pakistan. At the time of independence in 1947, there were only two
sugar factories in Pakistan.
55. PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION (26kg) total of 106 sugar mills in the country Pakistan
ranks 15th in the World for sugarcane production GDP contribution (0.7%) Employment
(1million) Sugarcane acreage in Pakistan is 5th in the World and it is grown on over 1 million
hectares
56. Alcohol (used by pharmaceutical industry) Ethanol (used as a fuel)
57. Sports' are all forms of physical activity which, through casual or organized participation,
aim at expressing or improving physical fitness and mental well-being, forming social
relationships or obtaining results in competition at all levels
58. BasketballsBadminton rackets Golf balls Swimming suits Volley balls Boxing
gloves Hockey sticks Cricket bats Football
59. 40 million balls annually worth US$210 million. Sialkot export 70% of total world
demand for hand-stitched inflatable soccer balls (footballs). The export of sports goods,
increased by 7.85% from US$39.180m US$42.257m last year
60. Commercial exporters (19 employees).Small exporters (10100 employees).
Medium exporters (100250 employees) Large exporters (more than 250 employees)
Exporting goods worth US$450 million Employments more than 200,000 Companies of
various sizes 2,400
61. Internet Mobiles Telephone Telecommunication is the transmission of information
over significant distances to communicate Main Categories
62. In 2008 Pakistan was the world s third fastest growing telecommunications market Fixedline subscriptions declined from a peak of 5.2 million in 2005-06 to 3.4 million in 2009-10
Pakistan traffic volume grew by 253 percent compared to last year during the same period
63. 5% of its Gross Domestic Product has created 220,000 high-paying jobs in Pakistan
Pakistan is now a leader in mobile usage in south Asia
64. Telenor Zong PTCL Ufone Warid Mobilink
65. There are about 37 glassworks in the organized sector, with the production capacity
ranging between 10 tonnes and 200 tonnes per day. The glass industry in Pakistan, though
developed, still has space for improvement.

66. The major ceramics industry are Karam Ceramics, Swat Ceramics, Master Tiles, Shabbir
Tiles and Emco Industries. Punjab 73% Sindh 5% Baluchistan 3% NWFP 19% GDP
Contribution
67. Glass industry in Pakistan comprises sixteen manufacturers in the organized sector
which produces over 90 per cent of the indigenous production within the country. (PAGMA)
Pakistan exported glass products worth Rs 60 million to Rs 120 million per annum during
2005-2010, imports of various glass from Rs 975 million to Rs 1,782 million, during last five
years 83%. increase
68. Earning approximately more than 8 million $ as a foreign exchange earnings to the
country. JavaScript Web application The leather made ups and finishing industries
symbolize an important division in Pakistan,
69. Leather Garments Leather Goods Footwear Leather Shoe Uppers Tanning Leather
Gloves
70. Production Capacity Production Tanned Leather 90 million ft2 60 million ft2 Leather
Garments 7 million pieces 5 million pieces Leather Gloves 10 million pairs 5 million pairs
Leather Footwear 200 million pairs 100 million pairs The difference in production capacity
and present capacity is due to various reasons. Source: Pakistan Tanners Association
71. France, UK, USA and UAE. More than 2300 leather processing units Provide
employment to about 500,000 people Italy, Spain, Portugal, South Korea, Germany,
72. PAKISTAN SURGICAL INDUSTRIES (PVT) LIMITED was established in 1974 and now
has become one of the leading manufacturers of Surgical.
73. Surgical Instruments JavaScript Dental Instruments Web application Beauty Instruments
Web application
74. Indicator Value To GDP(%) 0.42% To Direct Employment (Numbers) 400-500,000 To
Indirect Employment (Numbers) 600-,750000 To Exports (%) 1.21%
75. Produces over 150m pieces/year worth Rs 22 billion 2300 companies are working in this
sector Over 99% production is done in Sialkot Out of the total production over 95% is
exported
76. The business of producing and selling self-powered vehicles, including passenger cars,
trucks, farm equipment, and other commercial vehicles
77. Light Vehicles Cars Jeeps Tractors Trucks Motor Cycles Buses
78. 2007 2.8% 2012 5.8% Expected
79. Automotive engineering is a driving force of large scale manufacturing, contributing US$
3.6 billion to the national economy and engaging over 192,000 people in direct employment.
80. Electricity Construction 2.19% Mining 2.39% Manufacturing 17.53% Industry
23.93% Forestry 0.25% Fishing 0.33% Livestock 9.97% Crops 9.90%
Agriculture 20.47% GDP Contribution of Different Sectors of Economy & Wholesale
Services 55.60% Gas 1.80% & Finance Transport 11.80% Trade 17.25% &
OwnershipInsurance 3.59% & Public AdministrationDwelling 2.22% &
CommunityDefense 5.4% & Social Professional Services 10.22%
81. Comparison of Industrial Sector with other Countries
82. China 46.9% Bangladesh 28.5% India 26.3% Pakistan 23.93% Asian Countries

83. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 GDP Growth Pakistan India Bangladesh Sri Lanka

84. $0 $1,000 $2,000 $3,000 $4,000 $5,000 $6,000 Pakistan India Bangladesh Sri Lanka
85. Pakistan India Bangladesh Sri Lanka 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%
86. Power shortage Lack of trained manpower Import trend Inefficiecny Changing political
and economic policies Bad law and order situation resulting in lower investment Higher
interest rate Labor Unrest Lack of products innovation resulting in concentration of industries
in some specific sectors. Corruption in related government agencies and so many govt.
agencies intervention
87. Gap between targets and achievements: Under-utilization capacity: Concentration of
economic power: Elite-oriented consumption: Performance of public sector: Growth of
regional imbalances:
88. Foreign Investment: Small & Medium Enterprises (SMEs) Micro Credit :Privatization
EPZs(Export Process Zone) Subtitute of powers(coal,gas,windmills)
89. Revival of Industrial policy Innovative technology Containment of skilled labor Theory of
Comparitave advantage Participation in international galas Research & Development Govt
projects
90. Problems of Pakistan Poverty Illiteracy Terrorism Food and water crisis Population growth
Poor health facilities Internal and international migration Discrimination of Sex Democracy in
shape of dictatorship Unloyal leaders Foreign debt Child labor Deviant behavior discourage
the rules of law from government representatives Inflation Injustice Smuggling
91. Illiteracy Literacy rate: 49.9% educated populace ( Human development Report Pakistan)
placed at 136th position for having just. The primary completion rate in Pakistan, given by
Date Center of UNESCO, is 33.8% in females and 47.18% in males, which shows that
people in the 6th largest country of the world are unable to get the basic education Solution
Govt. should Increase education budget Establish more schools and appoint qualified and
trained teachers Technical education must be given to all the classes. Promote primary
education
92. Terrorism Pakistan plays a key and highly conflicted--role in the global war on terror.
Today terrorism is threatening the very roots and fabric of Pakistans nationhood. More
tragically, terrorism in Pakistan draws its justification from the very faith which provides the
country its ideological bases. Reason The major causes of Terrorism in Pakistan are: 1Political Instability 4- Religious Extremism 3- Standard of Living 2- Economic Conditions
93. War on Terrorism War against terrorism is another very important reason behind the
economical problem. War is affecting the worlds economy and is causing problems like
shortage of fuel, lack of funds, increase in health problem etc. War benefits none, someone
is hurt badly and someone is destroyed completely. Solution The real solution is to kill the
root of Terrorism and systematically change the attitude of those peoples who are involved in
terrorism - Military operations against terrorists are also very necessary. Education, Justice,
Pour politics can stop the Terrorism..???
94. CORRUPTION Corruption is the prime reason behind the economical unstableness.
Corruption has spread into the world and has ruined the economy. Round about 7 billion

daily corruption 823 billion in 2010 1100 billion in 2011 . Pakistan has been ranked at 42nd
number among the most corrupt nations of the world.
95. Increase in population UNENPLOYMENT Lack of funds followed by unorganized
system and lack of new projects are causing unemployment worldwide. Unemployment is
a major social problem caused by poor economical system There are many reasons of
unemployment like influx of machinery that has replaced manpower.
96. GDP real Growth rate 3.7% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 93
Unemployment rate 7% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 55 Population below
poverty line 22.3% Budget: revenues: $29.51 billion expenditures: $44.19 billion (2012 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: 9.9% GDP - per
capita: $2,900 (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 175 Investment (gross fixed):
10.9% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 146 Taxes and other revenues:
12.8% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 201 GDP - composition by
sector: agriculture: 20.1% industry: 25.5% services: 54.4% (2012 est.) Exports: $24.66 billion
(2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 71
97. Imports: $40.82 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 61 Budget surplus
(+) or deficit (-): -6.4% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 179 Labor force by occupation: agriculture: 45.1% ranks industry: 20.7% services: 34.2% (2010 est.) Labor
force 60.36 million country comparison to the world: 10