Kuliah 10

Kuliah-10
K j Ulang
Kerja
Ul

Dosen : Ir.
D
I Andry
A d Halim,
H li MM
Universitas Trisakti - Jakarta
2012

Objective/Sasaran
Konsep Dasar Komplesi
Konsepp Kerja
j Ulangg

Daftar Pustaka
Allen S.O. and Robert A.P. Production Operation, Vol. I Oil and
Gas Consultant International Inc.
Peter E. Clark,Well Completions : Stimulation and Work Over.
Pertamina Hulu, Teknik Produksi, Jakarta, 2003
H.K. Van Poolen,Well Completion and Stimulations Program.
Peter E. Clark,Well
,
Completions
p
: Stimulation and Work Over.
Jonathan Billary,Well Completions Design, PetroleumElsevier,
2009
Semua buku perihal Komplesi dan uji Sumur
Semua Jurnal tentang Komplesi dan uji Sumur

Konsep Dasar Komplesi

Well Completion atau penyelesaian sumur adalah
Pekerjaan setelah pemboran, logging dan
pemasangan casing dan flanged sudah dilakukan.
Komplesi dapat dilakukan dengan rig yang sama
atau diganti dengan snubbing unit atau unit lain
yang lebih murah.

Konsep Dasar Komplesi

Kerja Ulang Sumur

Kerja
j Ulangg Sumur

Kerja
j Ulangg Sumur

Kerja Ulang Sumur

Kerja
j Ulangg Sumur

Kerja
j Ulangg Sumur

Kerja
j Ulangg Sumur

Kerja
j Ulangg Sumur

Kerja
j Ulangg Sumur

Kerja
j Ulangg Sumur

Kerja
j Ulangg Sumur
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Materi terkait
komplesi
p
sumur

PERFORATING

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Unit

OPTIMIZING FLUID FLOW

Casing
Cement

Goal : to establish effective

communication between the
wellbore and the reservoir

Undisturbed Formation
(Permeability ku)

Damaged Zone
(Permeability kd)

Crushed Zone
(Permeability kc)

Factors that influence fluid flow through the perforations :

- Perforating Geometry
- Damaged zones around the wellbore
- Crushed zones around the perforation
Diff
ti l pressure that
th t exist
i t when
h perforating
f ti
- Differential
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 PERFORATING GEOMETRY
Perforating geometry involves :
Gun Phasing
Shot density
Perforation diameter
Penetration depth
0.1 ent. hole
2.5 penetration

Gun Phasing

Cement
7 Casing
0.3 ent. hole
6.0 penetration

Bore hole
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Perforation
Diameter
Penetration

FORMATION FRACTURING

OBJECTIVES
The objective of hydraulic fracturing for well stimulation is to increase
well productivity by creating a highly conductive path (compare to
reservoir p
permeability)
y) some distance away
y from wellbore into the
formation.
Fracture Initiation
A hydraulic fracture treatment is accomplished by pumping a suitable
fluid into the formation at a rate faster than the fluid can leak off into
the rock. Fluid pressure is built up sufficient to overcome the earth
compressive stress holding the rock material together. The rock then
parts or fractures along a plane perpendicular to the minimum
compressive stress in the formation matrix.

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Unit

Fracture Extension
As injection of frac fluid continues, the fracture tends to grow in width
as fluid
fl id pressure in
i the
th fracture,
f t
exerted
t d on th
the ffracture
t
fface, works
k
against the elasticity of the rock material. After sufficient frac fluid
pad has been injected to open the fracture wide enough to accept
proppant,
p
pp , sand is added to the frac fluid and is carried into the fracture
to hold it open after the job.
The growth upward or downward may be stopped by a barrier
g
mayy also be stopped
pp by
y fallout of sand to
formation;; downward growth
the bottom of the fracture. The growth outward away from the wellbore
will be stopped when the rate of frac fluid leakoff through the face of
the fracture into the formation equals the rate of fluid injection into the
fracture at the wellbore
wellbore.

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Mechanics of Fracturing
Regional Rock Stresses

= Total vertical stress, psi

= 0.007 D
= average rock density, lb/ft
D = depth, ft
v = 0.007 D Pr
Pr = formation pore pressure, psi

h2
h1
h1 = Maximum principal horizontal matrix stress
h2 = Maximum principal horizontal matrix stress

Horizontal Matrix stress depend on rock properties and pore pressure.

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ZONE ISOLATION
SQUEEZE CEMENTING
PACKERS

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Squeeze Cementing - Definition

Injection of Cement Slurry
into the voids behind the
casing
Dehydration
y
of cement
requires: fluid fluid-loss, porous
(permeable) matrix,
differential pressure, time.
Injection below or above
fracture pressure
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Unit

PACKERS
Objectives
All packers
k
will
ill attain
tt i one or more off the
th following
f ll i objectives
bj ti
when
h they
th
are functioning properly :
p
1. Isolate well fluids and pressure.
2. Keep gas mixed with liquids, by using gas energy for natural flow.
3 Separate producing zones
3.
zones, preventing fluid and pressure contamination
contamination.
4. Aid in forming the annular volume (casing/tubing/packer) required for
gas lift or subsurface hydraulic pumping systems.
5. Limit well control to the tubing at the surface, for safety purposes.
6 Hold well servicing fluids (kill fluids,
6.
fluids packer fluids) in casing annulus.
annulus
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Unit

Questions ?

PR-10
1.
2.
3.

44.
5.
6.

Sebutkan faktor-faktoryang berpengaruh terhadap

pemilihan
ilih komplesi
k
l i
Apa yang dimaksud dengan well service dan work over
Apa
pa yang
ya g dimaksud
d a sud dengan
de ga swabbing
swabb g da
dan apa tujua
tujuan
dilakukan swabbing serta perlatan yang digunakan utk
operassi swabbing
Sebutkan metoda untuk melakukan WO (kerja ulang)
Sebutkan peralatan untuk mendeteksi kebocoran
penyemenan ulang dan uraikan.
Sebutkan metoda untuk isolasi lapisan dan mengapa hal tsb
perlu dilakukan