Strength of Materials 2-2 Set-2 (K)

S.
11
Strength of Materials (April/May-2013, Set-2) JNTU-Kakinada

Code No.: R22012/R10
II B.Tech. II Semester Regular Examinations
April/May - 2013
Set-2
Solutions
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
( Civil Engineering )
Time: 3 Hours
Max. Marks: 75
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry Equal Marks
---
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
A simply supported beam of span 6 m is subjected to a concentrated load of 18 kN at 4 m from left support. E = 200
GPa and I = 15 106 mm4. Calculate,
(a) The position and value of the maximum deflection
(b) Slope at mid-span
(c) Deflection under load. [7+4+4] (Unit-I, Topic No. 1.4)
(a) Calculate the minimum thickness of the shell of a thin cylinder of 1 m diameter, if it is to withstand an internal
pressure of 2 MPa and the longitudinal stress is not to exceed 30 MPa and the hoop stress is not to exceed 40
MPa. (Unit-II, Topic No. 2.2)
(b) Derive the Lames equations for a thick cylinder using normal conventions. [7+8] (Unit-II, Topic No. 2.2.1)
A square element of a thin plate subjected to a compressive stress of 6 MPa in x-direction, a tensile stress of 12 MPa
in y-direction and a shear stress of 10 MPa (clockwise). Determine the principal stresses and their directions by
constructing Mohrs circle. Also find the normal stress and shear stress on the diagonal plane of the square element.
[15] (Unit-III, Topic No. 3.2)
A solid shaft transmits 250 kW at 100 r.p.m. If the shear stress is not to exceed 75 MPa, what should be the diameter
of the shaft? If this shaft is to be replaced by a hollow one whose internal diameter is 0.6 times the outer diameter,
determine the size and the percentage saving in weight, the maximum shear stress being the same. [15]
(Unit-IV, Topic No. 4.1.3)

A solid steel column and a hollow steel column, both having same length and cross-sectional area, are fixed at the
ends. If the internal diameter of hollow column is 2/3 of its external diameter, find the ratio of buckling strengths of
solid column to hollow column. [15] (Unit-V, Topic No. 5.1)
A concrete wall of rectangular cross-section is 1 m thick and 2.5 m high. It has to retain water up to a height of 2.25
m. Determine the stress intensities at the base, if the concrete weighs 25 kN/m3. [15] (Unit-VI, Topic No. 6.1)
A curved beam, rectangular in cross-section is subjected to pure bending with couple of 400 N-m. The beam has a
width of 20 mm and depth of 40 mm and is curved in a plane parallel to the depth. The mean radius of curvature is 50
mm. Find the position of the neutral axis and the ratio of the maximum stress to the minimum stress. Also plot the
variation of the bending stress across the section. [15] (Unit-VII, Topic No. 7.2)
Determine the forces in all the members of the truss as shown in the figure. P1 = 40 kN and P2 = 20 kN. [15]
(Unit-VIII, Topic No. 8.1)
C
D
B
2m
A
G
1.5 m
1.5 m
1.5 m
P1
Figure
( JNTU-Kakinada )
F
1.5 m
P2
B.Tech. II-Year II-Sem.
S.12
Spectrum ALL-IN-ONE Journal for Engineering Students, 2014
SOLUTIONS TO APRIL/MAY-2013, SET-2, QP

Q1.
A simply supported beam of span 6 m is

subjected to a concentrated load of 18 kN at 4
m from left support. E = 200 GPa and I = 15
106 mm4. Calculate,
(a)
The position and value of the maximum

deflection
(b)
Slope at mid-span
(c)
Deflection under load.
(b)
Slope at Mid-span
Slope at mid span,
iy =
April/May-13, Set-2, Q1 M[7+4+4]
Answer :
Py (l 2 y 2 )
6 EIl
18 2 (62 22 )
(1000)3
6 200 15 106 6
i y = 10.667
Given that,
(c)
Concentrated load, P = 18 kN
Deflection Under Load
Clear span, l = 6 m
yz =
Moment of inertia, I = 15 106 mm4

Modulus of elasticity, E = 200 GPa
(a)
Position and Value of Maximum Deflection
Position of load on the span,

h=
Result
(a)
Position and deflection at maximum,
P = 18 kN
z
4m
x
2m
y
h = 3.16 m from left support
6m
h=
max = 23.224 mm
(b)
Slope at mid span,

iy = 10.667
(c)
Deflection under load,

yz = 21.33 mm.
6
Q2.
(a)
Calculate the minimum thickness of the

shell of a thin cylinder of 1 m diameter,
if it is to withstand an internal pressure
of 2 MPa and the longitudinal stress is
not to exceed 30 MPa and the hoop
stress is not to exceed 40 MPa.
Answer :
April/May-13, Set-2, Q2(a) M[7]
h = 3.46 from left support

Maximum deflection,
max =
18 4 2 2 2
(1000)3
3 200 15 106 6
y z = 21.33 mm
l2
l
=
3
3
Px 2 y 2
3EIl
Py (l 2 y 2 )3 / 2
9 2 EIl
18 2(6 2 2 2 )3 / 2 (1000) 3
9 3 200 15 10 6 6
max = 23.224 mm
Given that,
Diameter of thin cylinder shell, d = 1 m
Internal pressure, P = 2 MPa
Longitudinal stress, f2 = 30 MPa
Hoop stress, f1 = 40 MPa
( JNTU-Kakinada )
S.13

We known that,
Substituting a = 19 m, b = 5.25 m in equation (2), we

get,
Internal pressure, Px =
Hoop stress, fx =
At
x2
a
a=
+a
19 =
x = r1 = 0.5 m, Px = 2 MPa
2=
a=
At
b
x2
0. 5 2
b
0. 5 2
.. (1)
a=
40 =
... (2)
r22
+a
x2
b
0. 5 2
+a
... (3)
Substituting equation (1) in equation (3), we get,
40 =
2b
0.52
b
0. 5
b
0. 5 2
= 42
2b = 42 0.52
b = 5.25 m
Substituting b = 5.25 m in equation (3), we get,

40 =
40 =
b
0. 5 2
5.25
0.52
+a
+a
a = 40 21
a = 19 m
( JNTU-Kakinada )
r22
r2 = 0.525
Thickness (t) = r2 r1
= 0.525 0.5
= 0.025 m
= 25 mm thickness
(b)
Hoop stress at x = r1 = 0.5, f1 = 40 MPa

f0.5 =
5.25
t = 25 mm
a =0
r22
r22
r22 = 0.275
x = r2, Px = 0
b
Derive the Lames equations for a thick

cylinder using normal conventions.
Answer :
April/May-13, Set-2, Q2(b) M[8]
For answer refer Unit-II, Q25.
Q3. A square element of a thin plate subjected
to a compressive stress of 6 MPa in xdirection, a tensile stress of 12 MPa in ydirection and a shear stress of 10 MPa
(clockwise). Determine the principal stresses
and their directions by constructing Mohrs
circle. Also find the normal stress and shear
stress on the diagonal plane of the square
element.
Answer :
April/May-13, Set-2, Q3 M[15]
Given that,
Compressive stress in x-direction,
x = 6 MPa
Tensile stress in y-direction,
y = 12 MPa
Shear stress acting in clockwise direction,
xy = 10 MPa
Principal Stresses
Major Stresses
1=
x + y
2
6 + 12
=
+
2
x y
+ 2xy
6 12
2
+ 10
2
1= 16.453 MPa (Tension).
S.14

Construction Steps
Minor Stresses
x + y
2 =
x y
1.
+ 2xy
OF = 1 = 16.45 MPa which is under tension and

OE = 2 = 10.45 MPa (Compression).
6 + 12
=
6 12
2
+ 10
2
2 = 10.453 MPa (compression).

Angle
Tan 2 =
2.
Draw perpendiculars AG and CD from A and C to

bisect AC at B.
3.
With radius BG and B as centre draw a circle.
4.
The required Mohr circle is formed.
Q4.
A solid shaft transmits 250 kW at 100 r.p.m. If

the shear stress is not to exceed 75 MPa, what
should be the diameter of the shaft? If this
shaft is to be replaced by a hollow one whose
internal diameter is 0.6 times the outer
diameter, determine the size and the
percentage saving in weight the maximum
shear stress being the same.
2 xy
x y
2 10
6 12
tan 2 = 1.11
[Q tan() = tan]
2 = 4759' or 1321'
= 2359' or 660'
1 = 2359', 2 = 66 (Change in directions)
Maximum shear stress,
max =
From the figure drawn, we have plotted as,
Answer :
Given that,
Power transmitted, P = 250 kN

Number of rotations, N = 100 r.p.m
1 2
2
Allowable shear stress,

= 75 MPa
or
16.453 (10.453)
2
max = 13.453 kN
The direction of maximum stress is,
max = 13.453 kN
' = 45 + 2391'
' = 6859'
Graphical Method of Mohrs Circle
=
= 75 N/mm2.
= 75 106 N/m2
(i)
Diameter of Solid Shaft

We known that,
Power transmitted, P =
250=
Z
T=
D
max = 13.453 kN
21
= 1321'
E
21
O
A
22
+ 4759'
G
2 =
10.45 MPa
(Compressive)
1 =
16.45 MPa
(Tensile)
2NT
60 1000
2 100 T
60 10 3
60 103 250
2 100
T = 23873.24 N-m
Torque, T = 23873.24 N-m
But,
Torque, T = .
dS3
16
23873.24= 75 106
dS3
16
( JNTU-Kakinada )
S.15

dS3 =
Hence lengths are same,
23873.24
14.726 10 6
2
( DH d H2 )
AH
4
=
2
AS
DS
4
3
S
d = 1.6211 10
dS = 0.1174 m
dS = 117.4 mm
Diameter of solid shaft, dS = 117.4 mm

=
Hollow Shaft
Assuming that length, material and maximum shear
stress at both the shafts are same.
1232 73.82
117.4 2
AH
= 0.7025
AS
Torque at hollow = Torque at the solid shaft,

TH = TS
[Q LH = LS ]
WH
A
= H = 0.7025
WS
AS
( DH4 d H4 )
3
16
=.
DS
16
DH
Saving = (1 0.7025) 100

= 29.75%
DS3 =
DH4 d H4
DH
Result
Diameter of solid shaft, DS = 117.4 mm
But,
% saving in weight =
Given that,
dH = 0.6 DH
DS3 =
... (1)
DH4 (0.6) 4 DH4

DH
1.6211 10 3 = (1 0.64) DH3
DH3 = 1.86 103 [Q Ds = ds]
Substituting DH = 123 mm in equation (1), we get,

dH = 0.6 123
A solid steel column and a hollow steel

column, both having same length and crosssectional area, are fixed at the ends. If the
internal diameter of hollow column is 2/3 of
its external diameter, find the ratio of
buckling strengths of solid column to hollow
column.
Internal diameter of hollow column is 2/3 of its

external diameter.
Let,
= 73.8 mm
Percentage Saving in Weight
WH
% saving = 1
WS
Q5.
Given that,
DH = 123 mm
(ii)
= 29.75%
Answer :
DH = 0.123 m
WH
WS
100
d1 = External diameter of hollow column

d2 = Internal diameter of hollow column
d = Diameter of solid steel column
Area of solid steel column =
So,
WH
AH .LH .WH
=
WS
AS .LS .WS
( JNTU-Kakinada )
Area of hollow column =
2
d
4
2
(d d 22 )
4 1
S.16

Substituting equation (2) in equation (1), we get,
But given,
Internal diameter, d2 =
2
d
3 1
k h2
4
d12 + d12
9
=
16
Let us assume,
Area of steel column and hollow column are same.
d2 = (d12 d 22 )
= d12
d2 =
4 2
d
9 1
5 2
d
9 1
k h2 =
9
13
. d2
144 5
k h2 =
13 2
d
80
At solid column,
Radius of gyration,
In solid column,
Buckling strength =
13 2
d
144 1
2 EI S
l2
d 4
2
64 = d
k s2 =
2
16
d
4
2 EAk S2
l2
In hollow column,
EI h
2
Buckling strength =
Where,
k s2 =
EAk h2
2
l
d2
16
Ratio of buckling strength,
ks = Radius of gyration at solid column
k h2
Ph
= 2
Ps
ks
kh = Radius of gyration at hollow column.

Ratio of buckling strength,
Ph
=
Ps
13 2
d
80
=
d2
16
k h2
k s2
Radius of gyration at hollow column,

=
Moment of inertia
k h2 =
Area of hollow column
4
(d1 d 24 )
64
=
2
(d1 d 22 )
4
k h2 =
The ratio of bucking strength = 2.6.

Q6.
(d12 + d 22 )
16
... (1)
2
d
3 1
... (2)
Ph
= 2.6
Ps
Result
We know that,
d2 =
13
5
A concrete wall of rectangular cross-section

is 1 m thick and 2.5 m high. It has to retain
water up to a height of 2.25 m. Determine
the stress intensities at the base, if the
concrete weighs 25 kN/m3.
Answer :
Given that,
Height of concrete wall, h = 2.5 m
( JNTU-Kakinada )
S.17

Height of water retained, hR = 2.25 m
Maximum Intensity of Stress at the Base
Weight of concrete, p = 25 kN/m3

max =
Thickness, t = 1 m
W 6e
1 +
b
b
Let, weight of water be 10 kN/m3
1m
62.5 1 + 6 0.303
1
(Q t = b = 1)
= 176.125 kN/m2
Water
max = 176.125 kPa (Compression).
Concrete
wall
Minimum Intensity of Stress at the Base

min =
2.5 m
W 6e
1
b
b
2.25 m
=
62.5
1
6 0.303
1
= 51.125 kN/m2
min = 51.125 kPa (Tension).
Stress intensities at the base,
Total Pressure per m Length of Wall
WhR2
P=
2
=
max = 176.125 kPa

min = 51.125 kPa
Q7.
10 2.252
2
P = 25.312 kN
The resultant cuts the base at a point per m length
weight of concrete,
W =pth
= 25 1 2.5
W = 62.5 kN
A curved beam, rectangular in cross-section

is subjected to pure bending with couple of
400 N-m. The beam has a width of 20 mm
and depth of 40 mm and is curved in a plane
parallel to the depth. The mean radius of
curvature is 50 mm. Find the position of the
neutral axis and the ratio of the maximum
stress to the minimum stress. Also plot the
variation of the bending stress across the
section.
Answer :
Given that,
Let a be the distance between the point where the

resultant cuts the base and centre of gravity of the dam
section is,
Width of the beam = 20 mm

Depth of the beam, D = 40 mm
Mean radius, R = 50 mm
h
P
a=
R
3
W
Magnitude of pure bending with couple = 400 N-m

Required,
25.312
2.25
=
62.5
3
a = 0.303 m
We know that,
Eccentricity, e = x = 0.303 m
( JNTU-Kakinada )
(i)
Position of N.A (neutral axis)
(ii)
Ratio of maximum stress to minimum stress
(iii)
Plot of variation of bending stress across the section.

Area of the cross section = 20 mm 40 mm
= 800 mm2
S.18
(i)
Position of Neutral Axis

Let y0 be the distance of N.A from centroidal axis,
y0 =
Rh 2
R2 + h2
For a rectangular section h2 is given by,

h2 =
R 3 2R + D
ln
R2
D 2R D
(50) 3 2 50 + 40
ln
(50)2
2 50 40
40
= 147.8 mm
The distance of N.A from centroidal axis is,
y0 =
50 147.8
502 + 147.8
y0 = 2.79 mm
The negative sign indicates that the N.A is below the centroidal axis.
(ii)
Determination of Maximum Stress to Minimum Stress Ratio

The bending stress () at a distance y from centroidal axis at any layer is given by,
M
=
RA
R 2 y
1 + 2
h R + y
The maximum stress occurs when y is negative for the given values of M, R, A.
The maximum stress occurs at the extreme bottom layer where y = 20 mm.
y=
D
40
=
= 20 mm
2
2
400 1000
max =
50 800
502 20
1 +
147.8 50 20
= 102.8 N/mm2
= 102.8 MPa (Compressive)
min =
2
400 1000 1 + 50 20
50 800 147.8 50 + 20
= 58.3 N/mm2 (tensile)

The minimum bending stress occurs at the inner side where y = 20 mm.
The ratio of max and min is,
max
102.8
=
= 1.763
min
58.3
( JNTU-Kakinada )
S.19

(iii)
Plotting of Stress Variation Across the Section
M
Bending stress, =
RA
At
R 2 y
1 + 2
h R + y
y = 0,
400 1000
=
50 800
50 2 0
1 +
147.8 50 + 0
0 = 10[1 + 0] = 10 N/mm2
5
At y = 5 mm, = 10 1 + 16.91 50 + 5 = 25.37 N/mm2
At y = 10 mm, = 38.01 N/mm2

At y = 15 mm = 49.02 N/mm2
At y = 20 mm = 58.3 N/mm2
At y = 5 mm = 8.79 N/mm2
At y = 10 mm = 32.275 N/mm2
At y = 15 mm = 62.47 N/mm2
At y = 20 mm = 102.8 N/mm2
At N.A y = y0 = 2.79 mm, = 0 N/mm2
20 mm
58.3
20
49.02
15
38.01
20
mm
10
5
25.37
Centroidal axis
y0
0
Stress
20
mm
8.79
5
10
Neutral axis
32.37 15
62.47
20
102.8
R = 50 mm
Axis of curvature
O
Centre of curvature
Figure: Plotting of Stress Across the Section
( JNTU-Kakinada )
S.20
Q8.

Determine the forces in all the members of At Joint A
the truss as shown in the figure. P1 = 40 kN
G
and P2 = 20 kN.
2m
= 538'
A
A
G
1.5 m
1.5 m
F
1.5 m
1.5 m
P1
Taking forces vertically Fy = 0
P2
FAG sin538' = RA
Figure
FAG =
Answer :
25
sin 538'
FAG = 31.24 kN
Taking forcess horizontally

FX = 0
FAB = FAG cos538'
= 31.24 cos538'
FAB = 18.74 kN
1.5 m
P1
1.5 m
1.5 m
1.5 m
At Joint B
P2
Free body diagram at joint B
Given that,
Load, P1 = 40 kN
Load, P2 = 20 kN
538'
Reactions
RA + RE = 40 + 20
RA + RE = 60 kN
... (1)
Taking moments about E in clockwise direction,

40 1.5 + 20 4.5 RA 6 = 0
60 + 90 RA = 0
RA = 25 kN
Substitute RA = 25 kN in equation (1), we get,
RA + RE = 60
RE + 25 = 60
RE = 45 kN
By using method of joints.
A
G
Taking forces vertically,
FAB sin + FBG = 0
FBG = 18.74 sin538'
FBG = 14.99 kN (Compression)
Taking forces horizontally,
FAB cos + FBC= 0
FBC = 18.74 cos538'
= 11.243 kN (Compression)
( JNTU-Kakinada )
S.21

At Joint G
Taking forces vertically

FY = 0
Free body diagram at joint G.
538'
P2 FFC sin = 0
[Q Load acting in FFD direction P2 = 20 kN]
20 = FFC sin
20
sin 538'
FFC =
FFC = 24.99 kN ~
25
FFC = 25 kN
20 kN
FAG = 31.24 kN
FGF + FFE + FFC cos 53 8'
FX = 0
We known that,
16.24 + FFE + FFC cos538' = 0
Fx = 0
16.24 + FFE + 25 cos538' = 0

FFE = 31.24 kN (compression)
FAG + FGF = FGC cos538'

31.24 + FGF = FGC cos538'
... (2)
At Joint E
Free body diagram at joint E.
Taking forces vertically,

FY = 0
P2 = FGC sin538'
[Q Load acting in FBG direction P2 = 20 kN]
20 = FGC sin538'
FGC =
20
sin 538'
538'
Substituting FGC in equation (2), we get,

Fx = 0
31.24 FGF = 24.99 cos538'
FFE + FED cos538' = 0
FGF = 16.24 kN
FGF = 16.24 kN (Tension)
FED =
At Joint F
Free body diagram of Joint F.
538'
At Joint D
Free body diagram at joint D.
20
( JNTU-Kakinada )
31.24
FFE
=
cos 538' cos 538'
FED = 52.07 kN (Compression)
C
G
RE
FGC = 24.99 kN (Tension)
D
3652'
E
F
S.22

Fx = 0
FCD + FED cos3652' = 0
FCD = 52.07 cos3652'
FCD = + 41.657 kN (Tension)
At Joint C
Free body diagram at joint C.

Fx = 0
FBC + FCD cos538'
FBC = FCD cos538'
FBC = 24.99 kN (Compression).
( JNTU-Kakinada )

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S.

Strength of Materials (April/May-2013, Set-2) JNTU-Kakinada

(Unit-IV, Topic No. 4.1.3)

B.Tech. II-Year II-Sem.

Spectrum ALL-IN-ONE Journal for Engineering Students, 2014

SOLUTIONS TO APRIL/MAY-2013, SET-2, QP

A simply supported beam of span 6 m is

The position and value of the maximum

Deflection under load.

April/May-13, Set-2, Q1 M[7+4+4]

Deflection Under Load

Moment of inertia, I = 15 106 mm4

Position and Value of Maximum Deflection

Position of load on the span,

Position and deflection at maximum,

h = 3.16 m from left support

Slope at mid span,

Deflection under load,

Calculate the minimum thickness of the

April/May-13, Set-2, Q2(a) M[7]

h = 3.46 from left support

B.Tech. II-Year II-Sem.

Strength of Materials (April/May-2013, Set-2) JNTU-Kakinada

Substituting a = 19 m, b = 5.25 m in equation (2), we

Substituting equation (1) in equation (3), we get,

Substituting b = 5.25 m in equation (3), we get,

Hoop stress at x = r1 = 0.5, f1 = 40 MPa

Derive the Lames equations for a thick

1= 16.453 MPa (Tension).

B.Tech. II-Year II-Sem.

Spectrum ALL-IN-ONE Journal for Engineering Students, 2014

OF = 1 = 16.45 MPa which is under tension and

2 = 10.453 MPa (compression).

Draw perpendiculars AG and CD from A and C to

With radius BG and B as centre draw a circle.

The required Mohr circle is formed.

A solid shaft transmits 250 kW at 100 r.p.m. If

From the figure drawn, we have plotted as,

April/May-13, Set-2, Q4 M[15]

Power transmitted, P = 250 kN

Allowable shear stress,

Diameter of Solid Shaft

B.Tech. II-Year II-Sem.

Strength of Materials (April/May-2013, Set-2) JNTU-Kakinada

Hence lengths are same,

Diameter of solid shaft, dS = 117.4 mm

Torque at hollow = Torque at the solid shaft,

Saving = (1 0.7025) 100

DH4 (0.6) 4 DH4

1.6211 10 3 = (1 0.64) DH3

DH3 = 1.86 103 [Q Ds = ds]

Substituting DH = 123 mm in equation (1), we get,

A solid steel column and a hollow steel

Internal diameter of hollow column is 2/3 of its

d1 = External diameter of hollow column

Area of hollow column =

B.Tech. II-Year II-Sem.

Spectrum ALL-IN-ONE Journal for Engineering Students, 2014

Ratio of buckling strength,

ks = Radius of gyration at solid column

kh = Radius of gyration at hollow column.

Radius of gyration at hollow column,