6.

0 Power Consumption
6.1 Mechanical and Electrical System
Mechanical System
As for the mechanical system in the Data Center, the mechanical system can be divided into four (4)
major mechanical systems, which is; Airflow Management, Air Handler Systems, Humidification, Plant
Optimization.
6.1.1 Mechanical Airflow Management
The main goal of this unit is to maintain the efficiency and the effectiveness of the data center
conditioning system. Whereas, the conditioning systems are influenced by the path, temperature
and the quantity of cooling air delivered to the IT equipment and waste of hot air removed from
the equipment.
Therefore in our data center, we are focusing in ensuring that the airflow/ the ventilation of the air
in our data center are flowing effectively. These are done by using Hot Aisle/ Cold Aisle
strategies and combining it with Rigid Enclosures strategy and Flexible Strip Curtains strategy.
-

Hot Aisle/ Cold Aisle Strategy

Is a strategy where we will arrange the IT equipment so that all heat is exhaust into hot aisles,
and all air intakes dram from cool aisles. Cold air will be supplied into the cold aisle, in
return of air that are being drawn directly from the hot aisle. Diagram/Chart below shows
how the hot aisle/ cold aisle strategy will work.

Diagram
-

Rigid Enclosures Strategy

Meanwhile, as for the rigid enclosures strategy, the heat rejected from the rear of IT
equipment from the cool air intakes on the front willfully separate. This is the main purpose
of this strategy.
-

Flexible Strip Curtains Strategy

These strategy are function by arrange the IT equipment racks according to the needs of the
Hot Aisle/ Cold Aisle strategy. This will allow the process of forming hot aisle and cold aisles
can be done. Flexible strip curtains will help to improve the separation by blocking open
space above the racks.

The combination of this (3) three strategy will ensure that the Airflow management of the data
center are fully utilize and function accordingly in order to make sure that the IT equipment will
fully protect from the change of temperature. Hence, it will also help to reduce the usage of
electricity inside the data center.
6.1.2 Air Handler Systems
The main function of this system is to minimize fan power requirement. This is because; these
systems used or need huge amount of energy from the mechanical systems. The different between
these systems with the Airflow management systems is, these systems are focusing in cooling
down the whole building meanwhile, airflow management are focusing in cooling down the IT
equipment. This is because, for example in Malaysia. The climate of our whether sometimes too
hot, and it can cause the temperature inside the building increase. Therefore, it is the job for this
systems to ensure that the temperature of the building itself are in control.
Therefore, as the Air Handler System in our data center, we are planning to use Centralized Air
Handling concept. The centralized systems will use larger motors and fans, hence it will result
more efficient in air handling systems if compared to traditional multiple distributed unit systems.
This is because, traditional multiple distributed unit systems will require the data center to use lot
more equipment, where different room need to have different air flow systems equipment, and
this will cause a huge amount of capital will be needed to be spent in order to have all the
equipment and maintain it. Meanwhile, the centralized air handling systems, a single motor and
fan but large and able to cover the whole building. In term of maintaining fees, this will help our
data center to save more capital.
Below are the examples of the air handling system process in our data center will work:

Diagram
That is why, the design of our data center are built as shown in (4.0 Data Center Design). This is
because; the design will ensure that the air flow of our data center will be compatible with the
centralized air handling systems that we use.
6.1.3 Humidification
These systems are used to maintain the humidity inside the data center. This is because, it is
important in order to ensure the safety of the equipment inside the data center. Besides, this
system also helps in avoiding energy waste by following a careful and more specific design to
these intensive-systems.
As for our data center, we are using Control Humidity with Dedicated Outdoor Air Unit
Strategy. This strategy is suitable with our Air Handler System and our Air Management system,
where this strategy required a centralized air handler ventilation system. This is because, by using
this strategy, it will allow us to control humidity with single ventilation air handler. The result of
this strategy is, we can eliminate the humidification and dehumidification inside our datacenter
simultaneously. Hence, it helps us to save more capital because, the humidification system are
sharing with the air handling systems.

Diagram below shows how the Air Management System and the airflow handler system integrate
and corporate with the humidification system inside our data center under a centralized
ventilation system by using the Control Humidity with Dedicated Outdoor Air Unit Strategy.

Diagram

6.1.4 Plant Optimization

Plant optimization helps in ensuring the increase of the efficiency in the data center by spending
lower capital. This is because; this system is the part where the data center would fully utilizing
the use of the equipment (Chiller) to the point that the data center able to save more capital by
using or mixing the technology with the natural environment. For example, as for the chilling

system, the function of the chilling system is to cooling down the data center environment.
Therefore, they have to use the chilling equipment/ machine. But, in order to ensure that the
chilling system are not using too much electric, and to ensure that the chilling system become
more effective, the chilling system will work together with water. In order to save data center
from having to pay huge amount of money for water supply, they can used water from rain.
Where they store the water inside the chiller. Therefore, the data center will be able to save
capital in paying too much for both water supply and power supply.
Hence, for our data center were planning to use a strategy where we will able to save cost but the
performance of our data center are in fully perform, were planning to use a chilling system from
Airedale Product. Airedale is an air conditioning company where they are producing high
performance air conditioning system and equipment for large scale used. Below are the products
that were planning to use, Centrifugal. The specifications of the product are also shared below.

Diagram

Electrical Systems
Under electrical systems, there are electrical infrastructures which are used to provide power source
towards the data center. The main goal of these systems is to reduce the cost of the power usage. But, in
order to ensure that the data center are succeed in reducing the amount of money that they have to pay for
power usage, a very careful plan need to be design and select. Below are the examples of the electrical
infrastructure that can be used to help in reducing cost for power usage in data center and to increase the
efficiency of data center:

Design UPS (Uninterruptable Power Supply) systems for efficiency

Select most efficient UPS possible
Use self-generation for large installation

In our data center, we are planning to utilize all the (3) three electrical infrastructure that are listed above.
This is to ensure that, the performances of our data center are being used fully. Plus, from the mechanical
aspect that we are using inside our data center, it allowed/ enables us to use the entire electrical
infrastructure. Not just because of the mechanical aspect, but also the design of data center allowed us to
use the (3) three electrical infrastructures.

Design UPS System for Efficiency

The electrical design gave a huge impact towards the load on the ultimate efficiency achieved by the UPS.
Therefore, in order to ensure that the design of UPS that are use inside our data center are design correct,
we are putting the standards where the UPS Design must Maximize Unit Loading.
What is meant by Maximize Unit Loading is, when using battery based UPS system; design the system
to maximize the load factor on operating UPSs.

Select Most Efficient UPS possible

As for selecting the most efficient UPS, we are using a method where we will evaluate the UPS
technologies for most efficient. This is because, through evaluation method. It will enable us ensure and
to identify the most suitable UPS system for our data center. Besides, due to the advancement of
technology and the opening of lots of UPS Supplier Company, where most of them are offering the high
efficiencies with low maintenance costs, it is a must for us to evaluate the UPS really well.

Self-Generation for Large Installation

For large facilities, a self-generation plant can be design to capture and utilize waste heat. The results can
be seen where from the self-generation plant; it can achieve a high total efficiency as well as a great
control over power reliability and quality.
Under plant optimization that are shown above, the chilling system that we are using are the chilling that
are able to use/work together with water. This is where the self-generation is being implemented. This is
because, from the heat that are being release from the evaporation of the water inside the chiller, and from
the heat that are generate by the data center itself, it will enable us to produce electrical power. The
electrical powers that are being produce can be stored to power-up the equipment and generator system
inside the data center. Therefore, this will help us to secure more capital (save-cost).

6.2 Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP)

Electromagnetic Pulse is a situation where there is a sudden burst of high energy electromagnetic
radiation that can couple with electrical and electronic systems to create damaging current and
voltage surges. The surges extremely fast rise time and excessively high voltage can overwhelm
and destroy data processing and storage systems.
EMP is generated by solar geometrics storms, high-altitude nuclear explosions (HEMP), or by
Non-Nuclear man-made pulse generating devices (NNEMP). This energy can penetrate through
wall as a radiated pulse travelling in free-space or travel along conductive pathways like
incoming power lines and signal cabling.
Because it is dangerous for data center, where it can gave a huge or critical damage towards data
center. Therefore, it is important for us to prepare to overcome or at least prepare a critical plan
to overcome or to faces this problem.
Hence the result of this phenomenal, we have prepared a few steps/ criteria where we will take in
order to overcome this problem in the future and to avoid from this kind of phenomenon happen.
Below are the steps/criteria that we take:

Distance
Anything portable will have a range limited to couple feet. So the best things that we take
are to place our data center away from parking lots, roads and easy point of access. But,
as for the situation where the human aspects, we will ensure that everyone that going in

or out of our data center will be screening.

Shielding and Filtering
Meanwhile, as for shielding and filtering, we are well aware that by shielding everything
inside our data center will costs too much money/capital. Therefore, we will only
shielding and filtering the critical equipment and facility only. This is because; the goal of
shielding and filtering is to ensure the critical system running. We will isolate the critical
server in shielded racks, along with filtering the power, communications and ventilations
access to those racks. That critical equipment will be placed inside special rooms that are
made from special metal alloy panel, for example: mu-metal and nickel-iron alloy. The
room can be called as a faraday cage inside the data center.
Yet as mention above, EMP also can be generated from power line, therefore, in order to
block the EMP inside the special room, we will use a cable with high-performance

electromagnetic filters at the entry points.

Virtualize Systems
This steps are applied in our data center because; incase the EMP are not able to be
blocked from effecting the equipment inside our data center (physical data center). Than
the best ways for us to ensure that the data wont lose is to provide virtualize systems in
our data center. This is because, even though the equipment might damage, the most
important thing is the operations of the data center must be proceed and operate fully.
Therefore, through virtual system, we can ensure that the operation of our data center can
be conduct.

7.0 Physical Environment and Security

In order to ensure that our data centers are well protected from both physical (covering inside
and outside data center) and digital threat, we have provided a few checklist or criteria. Those
criteria will cover up all aspects of security inside and outside or our data center.

7.1 Site Location

For our data center, we will place the facility at the place where the probabilities of
natural disaster are low. This means, as we all know we cant avoid natural disaster from
happening. Therefore, the best thing that we can do is to at least build our data center
where the natural disaster might be occurring but the disasters made are acceptable.
Besides, we also are considering building our data center at the place where the
possibility of man-made disaster low as well. This can be done by build our data center
away from airport, prison, stadiums and etc. Not to forget, for our data center site
location, we also considering the infrastructure that are available at the site location. For
example, electric facility and water plant facility. This is because, it is important for data
center to have stable electric power and water supply in order to operate efficiency.

7.2 Site Perimeter

In order to make sure that the perimeter surround our data centers are well taken and
protected, we will build fence around our facility (all side). Besides, in order to enter our
data center building or perimeter, the users even the workers need to pass through our
security gate and show their staff ID and scan it before they are able to enter our data
center perimeter. The surveillance outside our data center which means our site perimeter
will also be taken care and 24/7 by CCTV and security guard will patrol around the data
center. All the doors inside our data center, even the docking site need to be access/ open
using authentication ID.
Under physical environment and security, we also will cover the threat that might be face by data
center. Therefore, we have prepared a few list of method that we take in order to protect our data
center. Diagram below shows a simple summary of the physical threat that might be occurred:

Diagram

7.3 Physical Threat

Under physical threat, we are focusing the physical threat towards the IT equipments. These
threats are distributed into a few general categories. Table below shows the physical threat
according to the categories and how it can give impact on the data center. Not to forget, table
below also shows the way that can be taken to detect the threat.

Table

Table