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Laplace Integral
A Basic LaPlace Table
A LaPlace Table for Daily Use
Some Transform Rules
Lerchs Cancelation Law and the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
Illustration in Calculus Notation
Illustration Translated to Laplace L-notation
Laplace Integral
The integral
g(t)estdt
0
st
g(t)e
0
Z
dt lim
g(t)estdt
and it depends on variable s. The ideas will be illustrated for g(t) = 1, g(t) = t and
g(t) = t2. Results appear in Table 1 infra.
R
0
R
0
t=
(1)estdt = (1/s)est|t=0
= 1/s
R d st
(e )dt
(t)estdt = 0 ds
R
d
st
= ds
(1)e
dt
0
Assumed s > 0.
d
= ds
(1/s)
= 1/s2
R 2 st
R d
(t )e dt = 0 ds (test)dt
0
R
d
= ds 0 (t)estdt
d
= ds
(1/s2)
= 2/s3
d
F (t,
ds
s)dt =
d
ds
F (t, s)dt.
Summary
Table 1. Laplace integral
R
0
(1)e
st
dt =
1
s
R
0
(t)e
st
dt =
1
s2
In summary, L(tn ) =
n!
s1+n
(t )e
st
dt =
2
s3
R
0
R
0
R
0
(tn )est dt =
(eat )est dt =
n!
L(tn ) =
s1+n
1
L(eat ) =
sa
(cos bt)est dt =
(sin bt)est dt =
s
s2
+
b
b2
s2 + b 2
n!
s1+n
1
sa
L(cos bt) =
L(sin bt) =
s
s2
+ b2
b
s2 + b2
Laplace Integral
The Laplace integral or the direct Laplace transform of a function f (t) defined for
0 t < is the ordinary calculus integration problem
f (t)estdt.
L(f (t)),
which abbreviates
Z
(f (t))dx,
E
st
y(t)e
(1)
0
dt =
0
An illustration
Laplaces method will be applied to solve the initial value problem
y 0 = 1,
y(0) = 0.
Illustration Details
Table 3. Laplace method details for y 0 = 1, y(0) = 0.
y 0(t)estdt = estdt
Multiply y 0 = 1 by
estdt.
Integrate t = 0 to
t = .
R
0
y (t)e
R
0
R
0
dt =
R
0
estdt
y 0(t)estdt = 1/s
R
0
st
y(t)estdt = 1/s2
y(t)e
st
y(t) = t
dt =
R
0
(t)estdt
Use Table 1.
Integrate by parts on
the left.
Use y(0) = 0 and
divide.
Use Table 1.
Apply Lerchs cancelation law.
Translation to L-notation
Table 4. Laplace method L-notation details for y 0 = 1, y(0) = 0 translated
from Table 3.
L(y(t)) = L(t)
y(t) = t
1 Example (Laplace method) Solve by Laplaces method the initial value problem
y 0 = 5 2t, y(0) = 1 to obtain y(t) = 1 + 5t t2.
Solution: Laplaces method is outlined in Tables 3 and 4. The L-notation of Table 4 will
be used to find the solution y(t) = 1 + 5t t2 .
2 Example (Laplace method) Solve by Laplaces method the initial value problem
y 00 = 10, y(0) = y 0(0) = 0 to obtain y(t) = 5t2.
Solution: The L-notation of Table 4 will be used to find the solution y(t) = 5t2 .