02-12-14

Introduction to Vibration Analysis

Programs as Part of a Predictive
Maintenance Strategy
Emad Bitar,
Leader, Bently Supporting Services & Portables,
MEA, Turkey & Pakistan

Emad.Bitar@ge.com
Imagination at work

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About me
Emad Bitar Emad.Bitar@ge.com
More than 26 years of experience in Condition Monitoring
Programs: Application Engineer / Application Manager
Expertise in services, support, implementation and Training
with more than 19 years in the Middle East
Expertise in machinery troubleshooting using advanced
vibration techniques
Certified Trainer for advanced vibration , and Certification of
Vibration Analyst I & II from the Vibration Institute (1994).
Certified ISO Vibration Analysis CAT III.
Wrote many technical papers for the Vibration Institute, PdM,
Rotate, Uptime, Maintenance Management
BS and MS in Mechanical Engineering from The University of
Tennessee USA

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Few things to start with

Unplanned Downtime:
What does it do to your operation?
How often does it happen?
How much does it cost?

Old Plant:
Are you trying to extend the life of your plant?
Are you trying to increase production with the same equipment?

Maintenance:
What equipment needs maintenance next?
Can we skip this outage and run for few more months?

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Many Technologies One Answer

Vibration measurement contains information
from the machine and its surrounding
Every problem on a machine has a distinct
vibration behavior
Any changes in the vibration signature
indicate there are changes in the dynamic
condition of the machine

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Many Problems One Technology

Imbalance, Misalignment and Resonance can
be detected and corrected
Bearing defects can be tracked through its
various stages
The severity of gear problems can be identified
without stopping the machine
Wears in mechanical and structural parts
can be distinctly identified and corrected
Electrical problems in motors shows up in the
vibration waveform and spectrum
Lubrication problems produce friction and
impacting with distinctive vibration behaviors
Other problems like cavitations in pump, soft
foot, and belt problems and others can be
trended and diagnosed

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Elements of a Vibration Analysis Program

System:
Hardware Data Collector / Analyzer
Software

People:
Personnel
Training

Process:
Workflow
Reports

Management:
Commitment
Funding
Monitoring

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Steps of a Successful Vibration Analysis Program

1. Gather machine information
2. Create database
3. Collect data
4. Detect problems
5. Analyze the nature and the severity of
problems
6. Generate reports on equipment status
7. Follow up on findings

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Machine Information
Shaft speed
Bearing types
Gearbox design and number of
teeth
Belt lengths and pulleys
diameters
Motor load and number of bars
Coupling type
Number of vanes or blades
Measurement locations and
directions
Sensors type and sensitivity
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Steps of a Successful Vibration Analysis Program

1. Gather machine information
2. Create database
3. Collect data
4. Detect problems
5. Analyze the nature and the severity of
problems
6. Generate reports on equipment status
7. Follow up on findings

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Machine Setup Made Easy: RPM

Title or Job Number | XX Month 201X

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Library of more than 1 Million Bearings

Title or Job Number | XX Month 201X

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Criticality, Orientation and Support

Title or Job Number | XX Month 201X

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Multiple Bearings Option

Title or Job Number | XX Month 201X

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ISO or TA

Title or Job Number | XX Month 201X

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Title or Job Number | XX Month 201X

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Transducer Setup

Title or Job Number | XX Month 201X

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Spectra and Waveforms

Title or Job Number | XX Month 201X

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Measured Variables

Title or Job Number | XX Month 201X

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Setpoints / Alarms

Title or Job Number | XX Month 201X

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Automated Setup

Title or Job Number | XX Month 201X

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Copy / Paste

Title or Job Number | XX Month 201X

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Database Setup Results

Without any vibration knowledge, the
machine has been setup quickly with the use
of normal machine information readily
available in the maintenance library
All the alarm limits, analysis parameter sets
and fault frequencies are easily setup with
the machine
After just few steps, you are ready to collect
data and do analysis

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Create Routes
Locate machines to be monitored in plant
List of machines and measurement points
Choose logical order for data collection of
machines and points
Do a cold walkthrough to locate the
machines and modify the order to suite the
actual locations
A different route may be created for each
section of the plant
A machine may be on multiple routes

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Route Setup

Title or Job Number | XX Month 201X

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3. Data Collection
Routes that contain
Machines and
measurement points
are transferred to
portable or online
analyzers

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Sensor Selection
The sensor converts
the vibration into an
electronic signal
The most common
sensor is an
accelerometer
The sensor is
commonly attached
using a magnet
Other vibration
sensors:
Velocity Pickup
Displacement

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Mounting the Sensor

Proper mounting is
very important
Repeatability is
essential
Good mechanical
transmission path
from the bearing

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Repeatability
Vibration changes when the
speed and load change
The machine must operate in
the same state during every
test
Check the speed and load
with each measurement
Collect data in the same
location, direction and
methodology every time
Best Option - collecting data
from permanently installed
sensors

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Periodicity
Vibration is directional,
so data must be taken in
3 directions:
Horizontal
Vertical
Axial

On every bearing
Typically once a month
C anne ry M oto r - O E (left ) - H orizonta l - Ac c F req 120 000 C PM
18 /02 /200 0 8 :43: 18
O /A ll 3. 169 m /s /s rm s

1.2

0.8

m/s/s rms

Some machines require

vbOnline system

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0

2 0,0 00

40 ,00 0

6 0,00 0
C PM

80 ,0 0 0

1 00 ,00 0

12 0,0 00

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Transfer Data to the Database

Captured data on every
point is stamped with
time and date
All data on the route and
off-route is transferred
to the database

USB

Data can be transferred

using:
High speed USB cables
Network connections

Ethernet
Wireless
LAN

USB Memory Sticks

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4. Problem Detection
Vibration levels on every Analysis Parameter on
every point are automatically checked against
its corresponding alarm Limits
Exception Report generates a list of machines
and measurement points that only exceed the
pre-set alarm levels

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Alarms in Database Structure

Color Coded Structure

to indicate the
severity of the
problem and its exact
location

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Title or Job Number | XX Month 201X

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Exception Report

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5. Diagnose Nature and Severity of Faults

Every Mechanical, Electrical or
Structural fault has a distinct vibration
behavior
Any changes in the vibration signature
indicate changes in the dynamic
condition of the machine
A single vibration measurement
provides information the machine and
its surrounding structure and other
machinery

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Plant

Title or Job Number | XX Month 201X

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Machine

Title or Job Number | XX Month 201X

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Machine

Title or Job Number | XX Month 201X

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Component

Title or Job Number | XX Month 201X

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Bearing

Title or Job Number | XX Month 201X

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Measurement Location

Title or Job Number | XX Month 201X

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Pattern Recognition

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Training Courses

Advanced
Training
(> 3 years)

Intermediate
Training (1-2 years)

Basic
Training (4-6 months)

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Fault Frequencies
Special calculations are used to indicate where specific
problems can be found on the spectrum called Fault
Frequencies

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Advanced Analysis
Orbit - Orbit Example - Side
7/26/2007 2:05:43 PM
Filter: 1X .. 4X
Revolution: 1
0.6

0.4

mils (Vertical)

0.2

-0.2

-0.4

-0.6

-0.8

7/26/2007 2:05:43 PM

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0
mils (Horizontal)

0.2

0.4

0.6

3600 RPM

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Steps of a Vibration Program

1. Gather machine information
2. Create database
3. Collect data
4. Detect problems
5. Analyze the nature and the severity of
problems
6. Generate reports on equipment status
7. Follow up on findings

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Generating Machine Diagnostic Report

Title or Job Number | XX Month 201X

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Title or Job Number | XX Month 201X

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02-12-14

Steps of a Vibration Program

1. Gather machine information
2. Create database
3. Collect data
4. Detect problems
5. Analyze the nature and the severity of
problems
6. Generate reports on equipment status
7. Follow up on findings

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Key Points in a Successful Vibration Program

Trained and committed expertise
Intuitive Software and hardware
Committed management
Clear work process

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Some of our customers

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QUESTIONS???
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