RESEARCH Drills With o

A1 PASSERS TRAINING, RESEARCH, REVIEW AND DEVELOPMENT COMPANY
RESEARCH
Set I
1. The research study is entitled Unintended pregnancies in the Philippines: Facts and Issues. This study
can be classified as:
a. Quasi experimental
c. Experimental
b. Historical
d. Descriptive
2. The study of intelligence quotient and milk feeding of selected school-aged pupil of school X can be
classified as:
a. Descriptive
c. Exploratory
b. Experimental
d. Historical
3. The study of the relationship between the health teaching given to postpartum primipara mothers during
hospital confinement and the incidence of infection in the newborn is an example of which type of
research?
a. Experimental
c. Historical
b. Descriptive
d. Quasi-experimental
4. The study Improving Physicians and Nurses Clinical Breast Examination: A Randomnized Control Trial is
an example of which type of research?
a. Quasi-experimental
c. Experimental
b. Historical
d. Descriptive
5. As a head nurse, you wanted to evaluate the nurse regarding the effectiveness of client teaching. To do
this, the nurse may;
a. Measure performance of the expected behavior.
b. Ask the client whether he or she understands what was taught by the nurse.
c. Request the client to repeat exactly what he or she has learned.
d. Ask the client questions about the information taught.
6. It is a type of research design which is used to solve practical problems and conflicts which affects people
in their everyday lives;
a. Descriptive
c. Basic
b. Exploratory
d. Applied
7. A type of research design that is used to answer and suffice the personal curiosities and questions of a
researcher:
a. Descriptive
c. Basic
b. Exploratory
d. Applied
8. It explains the tentative relationship between two variables:
a. Hypothesis
c. Concept
b. Theory
d. Construct
9. A type of variable which a researcher is interested in explaining:
a. Dependent variable
c. Extraneous variable
b. Independent variable
d. Attribute variable
10. One of the characteristics of a good and scientific research is objectivity. This term focuses more on the
research works:
a. Order
c. Empiricism
b. Generalizability
d. Control and manipulation
11. If the research and variable which is used is characterized as measurable, it is also:
a. Feasible
c. Original
b. Significant
d. Researchable
12. If the participants of the study were promised anonymity, the researcher will:
a. Release findings to participants only
c. Equal treatment with other subjects
b. Obtain an informed consent
d. Keep individual identities as secret
13. During this process or stage of research, the researcher looks for instruments and methods of data
collection using others research projects:
a. Selecting research design
b. Statement problem
c. Formulating acknowledgments
d. Reviewing related literature
Review for the Philippine Nurses Licensure Examination (PNLE) Intensive Drills|| 1
14. The researcher is least interested in which of the following information about his research study?
a. Critique of the research study
c. Finding of the research study
b. The instruments that will be used
d. Conclusion
15. After the researcher has determined and read relevant literature, she has to?
a. Write down the review
c. Analyze potential literatures
b. Organize relevant literatures
d. Integrate the review of literature
16. The end product of review of related literature is called:
a. Pool of related literature
c. Analyzed potential literature
b. Organized relevant literature
d. Written review of literature
17. The variable that is manipulated in experimental type of research is the:
a. Independent variable
b. Dependent variable
d. Confounding variable
18. Before the researcher can be able to develop a research design or structural framework, it is necessary
for him to:
a. Formulate a conclusion
c. Select a research design
b. Collect data
d. Review of related literature
19. Analysis of data is a prerequisite to:
a. Organization of data
c. Selection of samples
b. Interpretation of findings
d. Conducting a pilot study
20. The researcher decided to do exactly what another researcher did in a similar study. This is:
a. Survey study
c. Replication
b. Evaluation
d. Case study
21. The final step in research process is:
a. Interpretation of findings
c. Conducting a pilot study
b. Survey of the sample
d. Communicate findings
22. Suppose the researcher is interested to change the students study habits, particularly the week before
every periodical examination. One way to investigate a problem is to survey when the students were still
freshmen and re-survey them every year until they are graduates. This type of design survey is:
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a. Evaluation survey
c. Longitudinal survey
b. Cross-sectional survey
d. Sample survey
The researcher would like to determine the effectiveness of a new system of scheduling and staffing in a
particular tertiary hospital to prevent sudden shortage in the ratio of nurses to patients. The type of
research method is called:
c. Manipulative
b. Experimental
d. Descriptive
Based on the case above, the use of the said research design are characterized by the following except
a. Randomnization
c. Manipulation
b. Control
d. Validate
If the researcher implemented a new structured counseling program with a group of subject and a routine
counseling program with another group of subject, the researcher has utilized which design?
c. Manipulative
b. Experimental
d. Field study
The purpose of the study that a researcher would like to find out is the effects of the new teaching method
on the attitudes of the students. Which of the following will be subjected to manipulation by the
researcher?
a. Method of learning
c. Teachings of teachers
b. Attitudes of students
d. Subject of students
A group of students proposed to investigate the effects of family circumstances on the maladjustment of
school-age children. Which of the following is the most appropriate statement of the problem?
a. To what extent do family circumstances affect the maladjustment of school-age children?
b. Who are the school-age children with maladjustment problems?
c. What are the effects of family circumstances on the maladjustment of school-age children?
d. Do family circumstances help solve maladjustment problems?
In the process of doing research, the researcher is very careful not to disclose the name of her subjects.
This is:
a. Protection of client
c. Anonymity
b. Confidentiality
d. Informed consent
What constitutes as the blueprint or the skeletal framework of the research pattern that may serve as the
next steps for collection, organization and analysis of data?
a. Statement of the problem
c. Hypothesis
b. Review of related literature
d. Research design
Dissemination of information or findings of the research is possible after findings have been?
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a. Interpreted
c. Organized
b. Analyzed
d. Utilized
The problem that a researcher would like to give emphasis, Is there a relationship between timing of
administration of psychological support and feeling of well-being among terminally ill patients? The
appropriate null hypothesis for this problem is?
a. There is no relationship between the timing of administration of psychological support and feelings
of well-being among terminally ill patients.
b. Feelings of well-being of terminally ill patients who received psychological support is similar to the
feelings of well-being of those terminally ill patients who did not receive the said psychological
support.
c. Factors are not appropriate to determine any desired result.
d. None
Situation: The pilot project study of a certain barangay was introduced. The project aims to
produce a community health financing relief to a village composed predominantly of fishermen.
The most appropriate designs given above the circumstances is:
a. Two group design; experimental
c. One group design; experimental
b. Descriptive design
before and after
d. Factorial design
In undertaking a research project such as this, Ms. Sola will be best guided by the following sequence of
the process:
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1. Identification and definition of variable
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2. Collection and analysis of data
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3. Statement of the problem
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4. Survey of readings and researches on the subject
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5. Decision on the most appropriate design
a. 1,2,3,4,5
c. 3,4,1,5,2
b. 2,3,4,5,1
d. 3,1,4,5,2
In review of literature, which one of the following title will Ms. Sola give priority in finding related projects
on low health financial scheme?
a. Experimenting on income generating schemes
b. Health financing scheme in developed countries
c. Villagers experiences in providing cost for providing basic health services
d. Health statistics for 1998
In the project, the dependent variables may include any of the following, except:
a. Community health program and financial scheme
b. Reduced morbidity rate
c. Increased coverage and enrollees to the program
d. Increased maternal and child health care rendered
This is a situation involving an enigmatic, perplexing or troubling condition
a. Research problem
c. Research design
b. Research question
d. Problem statement
In quantitative studies, the researcher often presents a statement of purpose and then one more
hypothesis. A hypothesis is a:
a. Statement of a specific query the researcher wants to answer
b. Summary of the overall goal of the study
c. Tentative prediction or explanation of the relationship between two or more variables
d. Situation involving a troubling condition
Which of the following best describes the difference between a theory and a conceptual model?
a. A theory is well-defined, testable description of a subject; a conceptual model is a group of general
ideas that apply to a profession.
b. A theory is a collection of beliefs that describes a relationship between ideas; conceptual model is
a group of general ideas that apply to a particular profession.
c. A theory is a well-defined testable description; a conceptual model is a group of interrelated beliefs
and attitudes.
d. A theory is a symbolic description of an object or an idea that applies to a professional group; a
conceptual model is a description of the relationship between professional beliefs and attitudes.
Which of the following is a nursing responsibility when critiquing published nursing research?
a. Assume that the research was properly conducted since it has been published.
b. Evaluate whether the findings are applicable to the nurses specific clients
c. Implements the research findings if at least two studies have shown the same results.
d. Request the raw data from the researchers so that the nurse can analyze the statistics again.
Facts generally accepted as true or correct are referred to as:
a. Premises
c. Delimitations
b. Phenomena
d. Assumptions
In the study on The Relationship Between Mass Media Exposure and Extent of smoking Habits Among
Rural Residents, the independent variable is:
a. Exposure to mass media
c. Young adults
b. Smoking habits
d. Rural residents
49. The dependent variable is:

a. Exposure to mass media
c. Young adults
b. Smoking habits
d. Rural residents
50. The research topic is The Medicinal Components of 5 Kinds of Philippine Backyard Plants under
Selective Laboratory Analysis and Patients Treatment. What is the type of research exemplified by such
problems:
a. Descriptive research
c. Qualitative
b. Experimental research
d. Correlational
51. The research title is Knowledge About Cancer and its influence on the compliance with diet, exercise and
medical regimen among cancer patients, the type of research is:
a. Descriptive
c. Experimental
b. Relational
52. Which of the following are good sources of related literature?
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1. Abstracts
3. Personal observation
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2. Books
4. Journals/ magazines
a. All except 3
c. All except 1
b. All except 4
d. All of the above
55. What is the research design if the subjects are randomly chosen and assigned to control and experimental
group?
a. True experimental
c. Pre experimental
b. Quasi-experimental
d. Descriptive
56. These are questionnaires distributed to the respondents who write their answers to the questions in
appropriate spaces.
a. Mailed questionnaires
c. Self-administered questionnaire
b. Structured questionnaire
d. Survey questionnaire
57. This study focuses on discovery of new trends and establishing the general picture of the population.
a. Descriptive
c. Experimental
b. Relational
58. The study where the subjects are classified into control and experimental group yet no random
assignment is being done.
a. Descriptive
c. Experimental
b. Relational
59. Considered as the most common type of research which establishes data base:
a. Theoretical research
c. Clinical research
b. Applied research
d. Practical research
60. A gap in between what should be or ought to be.
a. Objective
c. Hypothesis
b. Problem
d. Theory
61. A conjectural statement of the study which explains predictions and outcomes anticipated by the
researcher:
a. Objective
c. Hypothesis
b. Problem
d. Theory
62. Considered as the broad explanation of a particular phenomenon?
a. Theoretical framework
c. Operational framework
b. Conceptual framework
d. Detailed framework
63. The scheme followed by the researcher in the conduct of the study:
a. Research methods
c. Research problems
b. Research design
d. Research scheme
64. Levels of measurement of variables exemplified in height and weight:
a. Nominal
c. Interval
b. Ordinal
d. Ratio
65. What facilitates analysis and interpretation?
a. Tables
c. Hypothesis testing
b. Statistics
d. Findings and conclusion
66. What statistical tool is used in nominal variable?
a. Mean
c. Mode
b. Median
d. Range
67. The most popular value in the set:
a. Mean
c. Mode
b. Median
d. Range
68. Tool used for determining averages in normal score:
a. Mean
c. Mode
b. Median
d. Range
69. Which measure of dispersion refers to movement of scores away from mean?
a. Range
c. Standard deviation
b. Variance
d. Mode
e.
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Situation: The professor would like to conduct a study on the knowledge base of third year
and fourth year students about contraceptive use. The following questions pertain to this
goal.
Which of the following is the best statement of a research problem pertinent to the professors goal?
a. Knowledge about Contraceptive Use and Conception among Third and Fourth Year Students of
School X
b. Is there a Difference in the Knowledge of Third and Fourth Year Students of School X on
Contraceptive Use and Conception?
c. What do Third and Fourth Year Students of School X know about Contraceptive Use and
Conception?
d. Improving the Knowledge of Third and Fourth Year Students of School X on Contraceptive Use
and Conception.
Which of the following research design would be most appropriate for this kind of study?
a. Experimental
c. Case study
b. Ex post facto
d. Survey
In the process of planning this research study, the statement of the facts, age range of the students, sex,
marital status and initial course, if any, is best included in what part of the study?
a. Related literature
c. Presentation and analysis of data
b. Introduction
d. Scope and limitation of study
Having more or less 300 students in the third and fourth year nursing students, the best method of
gathering desired information is which of the following?
a. Structural interview
c. Interview
b. Checklist
d. Questionnaire
You are going to conduct research related to drug dependence in your community. What is your method to
collect data?
a. Related literature
c. Historical research
b. Participant observation
d. Interview
In the rural setting, which of the following is the best method to obtain health profile of older persons?
a. Survey
c. Interview
b. Records
d. Library
e.
f. Situation: As a beginner in research, you are aware that sampling is an essential element of
the research process.
What does sample group represents?
a. Control group
c. Universe
b. General population
d. Study subjects
Random sampling ensures that each subject has:
a. An equal chance of selection
d. Characteristics that match other
b. Been selected systematically
samples
c. Been selected based on set criteria
Which of the following sampling methods allows the use of any group of research subject?
a. Convenience
c. Snow-ball
b. Purposive
d. Quota
You decided to include 5 barangays in your municipality and chose a sampling method that would get
representative samples from each barangay. What should be the appropriate method for you to use in this
care?
a. Cluster sampling
c. Systematic sampling
b. Stratified sampling
d. Random sampling
e.
f. Situation: A research study was undertaken in order to identify and analyze a disabled
boys coping reaction pattern during stress.
This study is an in depth study of one boy is a:
a. Evaluative study
c. Cross sectional study
b. Case study
d. Longitudinal study
The process recording was the principal tool for data collection. Which of the following is not a part of a
process recording?
a. Verbal narrative account
c. Analysis and interpretation
b. Audio visual recording
d. Non verbal narrative account
Which of these does not happen in a descriptive study?
a. Manipulation of variable
b. Explanation of relationships between two or more phenomena
c. Investigation of a phenomenon in real life context
d. Exploration of relationships between two or more phenomena
The investigator also provided the nursing care of the subject. The investigator is referred to as a/an:
a. Advocate
c. Participant observer
b. Observer researcher
d. Caregiver
To ensure reliability of the study, the investigators, analysis and interpretations were:
a. Subjected to an inter-observer agreement
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b. Correlated with a list of coping behaviors

c. Scored and compared standard criteria
d. Subjected to statistical treatment
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Situation: The nurse is interested to investigate the effects of eating breakfast and academic
performance of first year nursing students.
The nurse should first:
a. Formulate the problem
c. Select a sample
b. Review literature
d. Make an instrument
If there are two studies conducted on academic performance with conflicting findings, the nurse should:
a. Consult an expert
c. Replicate the study
b. Publish the findings
d. Announce the findings
The research is classified as:
a. Descriptive
c. Experimental
b. Relational
If we study all students, the study will be a:
a. Sample survey
c. Inferential study
b. Population study
d. Any of the above
In involving students in the study, how do we obtain informed consent?
a. Free and informed
c. By mail
b. Voluntary participation
d. All except c
e.
f. Situation: As a nurse, you are expected to participate in initiating the conduct of research
studies to improve nursing practice. You have to be updated with the latest trends and
issues affecting the profession.
You are interested to study the effects of meditation and relaxation on the pain experience of the cancer
patients. What type of variable is pain?
a. Dependent
c. Independent
b. Correlational
d. Demographic
You would like to compare the support system of patients with chronic illness to those with acute illness.
Considering that the hypothesis was: Clients with chronic illness have lesser support system than clients
with acute illness. What type of research is this?
a. Descriptive
c. Experimental
b. Correlational, non experimental
In any research study where individual persons are involved, it is important that the informed consent that
you should disclose to the prospective subjects except:
a. Consent to the incomplete disclosure
c. Explanation of the procedure
b. Description of benefits, risks and
d. Assurance of anonymity and
discomforts
confidentiality
In the hypothesis: The utilization of technology in teaching improves the retention and attention of the
nursing students. Which is a dependent variable?
a. Utilization of technology
c. Nursing students
b. Improvement in the retention and
d. Teaching
attention
e.
f. Situation: Myrna, a researcher, proposes a study on the relationship between health values
and the health promotion activities of staff nurses in the selected college of nursing.
In both quantitative and qualitative research, the use of frame of reference is required. Which of the
following items serves as the purpose of the framework?
a. Incorporates theories into nursings body of knowledge
b. Organizes the development of study and links the findings to the nursings body of knowledge
c. Provides logical structure of research findings
d. Identifies concepts and relationships between concepts
Myrna needs to review relevant literature and studies. The following processes are undertaken in
reviewing literature except:
a. Locating and identifying resources
c. Clarifying a research topic
b. Reading and recording notes
d. Using the library
Myrna finds review of related literature as important because it:
a. Organizes material related to the problem of interest
b. Generates broad background and understanding if information related to the research problem of
interest
c. Select topics related to the problem of interest
d. Gather current knowledge of the problem of interest
In formulating the research hypotheses, researcher Myrna should state the research question as:
a. What is the response of the staff nurses to the health values?
b. How is variable health value perceived in a population?
c. Is there a significant relationship between health values and health promotion activities of the staff
nurses?
d. How do health values affect health promotion activities of the staff nurses?
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The proposed study shows the relationship between the variable. Which of the following is the
independent variable?
a. Staff nurses in a selected college of
c. Health promotion activities
nursing
d. Relationship between values and
b. Health values
health promotion activities
101.
If you were to make a research on the depressive moods of older people, what variables will you
consider to look into?
a. Birth rank, environment, child rearing
c. Childhood, adolescent and early
b. Success and failures in life
childhood
d. Culture, religion, economic strata
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Every year, we discover new methods or gadgets to improve mans life. The research type used is:
a. Applied
c. Developmental
b. Experimental
d. Quantitative
e.
f. Situation: Christine is a new graduate and accepted by the DOH Rural Health Unit of Brgy.
Kalachuchi. As a Cum Laude and topnotcher, she likes to do research in community Health
Nursing.
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Christine wanted to study the sanitation practices of the families where hemorrhagic dengue fever
was prevalent. Which among the problems below is best stated?
a. What are the general measures to control H-fever in Brgy. Kalachuchi?
b. What are the ways the families do to control H-fever?
c. What are the sanitation practices of the families in Brgy. Kalachuchi in relation to H-fever control?
d. What practices do the families do in relation to H-fever control?
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The best method of data collection in the study of Christine is one of the following:
a. Questionnaire
c. Interview
b. Observation
d. Focus discussion
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This type of research study used in dengue is:
a. Exploratory
c. Historical
b. Descriptive
d. Experimental
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If Christine has decided to classify the general measures to prevent and control dengue, what
statistical method is best to utilize?
a. Percentage
c. Chi square
b. Pearson Product Moment
d. Ratio and Proportion
107.
What is the purpose of conducting research in any setting?
a. Improve health care
c. Court order
b. Publication
d. Legal document
e.
f. Situation: As a nurse researcher, you must have a very good understanding of the common
terms and concepts used in research.
108.
The information that the investigator collects from the subjects or participants in a research study
is usually called;
a. Hypothesis
c. Variable
b. Data
d. Concept
109.
Which of the following usually refers to the independent variables in doing research?
a. Results
c. Output
b. Cause
d. Effect
110.
The recipients of the experimental treatment in an experimental design or the individuals to be
observed in non-experimental design are called:
a. Setting
c. Treatment
b. Subjects
d. Sample
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bq. A1 PASSERS TRAINING, RESEARCH, REVIEW AND DEVELOPMENT COMPANY
br. RESEARCH
bs. Set 2
bt.
bu. Situation: A group of nurses decided to describe the influence of religion on the attitude of
staff nurses in the care of dying.
In your review of literature, under what appropriate topic would you focus?
a. Care of terminally ill patients
c. Concepts on death and dying
b. Attitude and religion
d. The dying patient
The variables in your study are the following except;
a. Religion
c. Care of the dying
b. Setting of the study
d. Attitude of the staff nurses on dying
Which of the following research design would be most appropriate for the study?
a. Descriptive
c. Patients
b. Exploratory
This is an example of a continuous variable:
a. Religion
c. Patients
b. Staff nurses
d. Age
If you choose to concentrate in one community alone, which research design would be appropriate?
a. Descriptive
c. Survey
b. Exploratory
d. Case study
Which of the study relates to validity and reliability criteria?
a. Hypothesis
c. Variables
b. Methodology
d. Instrument
e.
f. Situation: In your study of health status including cause and effects of diseases in your
community, you will apply your knowledge in statistics and research.
The initial result of the census you made revealed that in families, the number of children per family were
2, 5,4,3,3,1 and 3. The mean number per family is:
a. Data is insufficient
c. 2
b. 4
d. 3
You will conduct an experimental study on the cause of neonatal tetanus. The basic difference between
this study and an observation is that in experimental investigation, the:
a. Investigator determines who is and who is not exposed to the suspected casual factor
b. Study is retrospective
c. Study is prospective
d. Study and control group may differ in size.
In selecting subjects for the study, you will use randomnization. The procedure will ensure that;
a. Selection will occur by chance
b. Study and control group have the same characteristics
c. Placebo effects are eliminated
d. All these conditions
The nurse wants to find out the effects of caring behavior on patients in the psychiatric hospital. The most
appropriate method she can use is:
a. Descriptive
c. Quasi-experimental
b. Historical
d. Experimental
The research tool that she can use can be one of the following:
a. Questionnaire
c. Scheduled interview
b. Checklist
d. Rating scale
e.
f. Situation: An understanding of the usefulness of scientific finding is more essential for
quality nursing practice.
The study population where you will select your study subjects is referred to as the:
a. Research subjects
c. Population
b. Study group
d. Universe
e.
f. Situation: Research contributes to the improvement of the nursing practice. It is essential
that professional nurses understand scientific method.
13. This is a potential good source of researchable problem in the clinical area.
a. Patient characteristics
c. Patient classification
b. Nursing diagnosis
d. Modalities of nursing
14. An ethical consent in research requires which of the following conditions?
a. Consent of the attending physician
c. Free and informed
b. Written without coercion
d. Must be written
15. A review of related literature provides;
a. Characteristics of subjects
c. Synthesis of previous studies
b. A rational for research
d. The research methodology
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17. When participating in studies using drugs, the nurse must be aware of;
a. Details of research protocols
c. The principal investigator
b. Names of subjects
d. The investigational drugs
18. When reading a journal article she first started reading the brief summary of the article placed at the
beginning of the journal report. This is referred to as the:
a. Introduction
c. Abstract
b. Background
d. Methodology
19. She noted that the researcher himself who conducted the study wrote the journal article she is reading.
This refers to the:
a. Bibliography
c. Primary source
b. Secondary source
d. Tertiary source
20. Which of the following research design is most appropriate for this study?
a. Descriptive
c. Case study
b. Historical
d. Phenomenological
21. Nurse Carmencita plans to collect data from nurses by using a questionnaire. Prior to administering the
questionnaire, she should first determine the degree to which the test consistently measures what it
measures. This is called;
a. Validity
c. Reliability
b. Normality
d. Sensitivity
e.
f. Situation: Given the following examples of hypothesis, answer the following questions:
Cancer patients receiving preparatory patient education (PPE) intervention experience
lower levels of anxiety that those who receive outline information. (Poroch, 1995)
22. The statement above is an example of which type of hypothesis?
g.
1. Associative
i.
3. Null
h.
2. Causal
j.
4. Simple
a. 1,2
c. 2,3
b. 1,3
d. 2,4
23. In this hypothesis, the independent variable is:
a. Cancer patients
c. Anxiety level
b. PPE intervention
d. Outline information
24. In causal relationships, the variable that is manipulated by the researcher is the;
c. Active variable
d. Extraneous variable
25. The hypothesis that is used for statistical testing and interpreting statistical outcomes in research is
referred to as;
a. Research hypothesis
c. Directional hypothesis
b. Null hypothesis
d. Alternative hypothesis
26. This type of variable exists in all studies and can affect measurement of study variables and the
relationships among these variables.
a. Independent variables
c. Extraneous variables
b. Dependent variables
d. Demographic variables
27. In research, the variable that is the presumed cause is the:
d. Organismic variable
28. Characteristics or attitudes of the subjects that are collected to describe the sample like age, educational
level, gender, income, etc, are referred to as:
a. Environmental variables
c. Demographic variables
b. Confounding variables
d. Extraneous variables
29. In experimental studies where two or more independent variables, with independent groups of subjects
randomly assigned to various combination of levels of the two variables, the design is called;
a. Pre-test-posttest control group
b. Posttest-only design
design
c. Factorial design
d. Pretest-only design
30. When an experiment lacks randomnization or comparison groups, it becomes which of the following?
a. True experimental
b. Pseudo-experimental
d. Descriptive correlational
31. Which of the following is not true about sample size determination in research?
a. The larger the sample, the more representative it is likely to be
b. The more representative a sample is, the more generalizable the results would be
c. Large samples can lead to erroneous results when not well selected
d. The more generalizable the sample is, the more representative will be the results
32. In a population of 2,000 nurses in the list of professional nurses in the region, you plan to have 80 as the
desired sample size. Using systematic technique, what will be your kth factor?
a. 20
c. 5
b. 15
d. 25
33. What does this statement refer to: The level of educational attainment of the mothers is not correlated with
their degree of compliance to the treatment regimen.
a. Limitation of the study
c. Assumptions
b. Hypothesis
d. Fact
34. When a subject of a research verbalizes her intention to withdraw her participation in the study, which is
considered an ethical action on the part of the research?
a. Advise him to put in writing
c. Allow him to withdraw anytime
b. Remind him of his duty as a
d. Tell him his withdrawal has legal
participant
implications.
35. Which of the following is not one of those groups who are vulnerable to coercion and deception due to
inability to give informed consent in research?
a. Children
c. Mentally impaired adults
b. Minors
d. New RN
36. If a researcher studies the effect of a scheduling assignment on nurses morale, the scheduling
assignment would be referred to as the:
c. Population
d. Extraneous variable
e.
f. Situation: The following are examples of sampling methods taken from studies. Identify
which types of sampling method the researcher used.
37. Five hundred nurses were randomly selected using the table of random numbers from all the list of all the
registered nurses in the Philippines. What type of research sampling method was used?
a. Simple random
c. Systematic random
b. Stratified random
d. Cluster sampling
38. Gender was used to stratify a sample of 100 randomly selected subjects
a. Simple random
c. Systematic random
b. Stratified random
d. Purposive sampling
39. A sample of 50 adolescents was obtained at a fast-food restaurant
a. Convenience sampling
c. Cluster sampling
b. Purposive sampling
d. Simple random
40. Identify the types of study in the following research purpose: To examine the health practices of Ibanag
woman and the impact of these practices to their families.
a. Phenomenological
c. Historical
b. Ethnographic
d. Demographic
41. Identify the independent variable in the following example of hypothesis. Oxygen inhalation by nasal
cannula of up to 6 liters/minute does not affect oral temperature measurement with an electronic
thermometer.
a. Oxygen inhalation by cannula
c. Electronic thermometer
b. Oral temperature measurement
d. 6 liters per minute
e.
f. Situation: In your study, you examined the age characteristic of the community using
descriptive characteristics.
42. Descriptive characteristics are useful measures in:
a. Calculating standard deviation
c. Determining the frequency of data
b. Summarizing data
d. Estimating central tendency.
43. The age of which occur most frequently is the:
a. Median
c. Proportion
b. Mode
d. Mean
44. When the mean age of your subjects is 54, which statement is correct?
a. 50% of the subject is within the
c. Ages of the subject are normal
normal range
d. 50% of subjects are below 54 years
b. Ages of the subject are skewed
old.
45. When you divide the frequency of each age by the total size of your sample and multiply the result by 100,
the value obtained is:
a. Percentile
b. Proportion
c. Ratio
d. Percentage
46. Fifty seven (57) subjects in your study ranged from age 21 to 40 years old. The median age of your
sample is:
a. 31
c. 30.5
b. 30.1
d. 31.1
e.
f. Situation: In clinical nursing research, the subjects are generally clients or patients.
47. When selecting your study sample, which of the following activities should you do first?
a. Specify the sampling frame
c. Specify the criteria for selection of the
b. Identify the target population
subjects
d. Identify the available population
48. You decided to use convenience sampling. This is an example of convenience sampling.
a. Selection with consent
c. Availability of subjects
b. Simple selection
d. First come, first selected basis
49.
50.
51. When the subject is selected, your first ethical consideration is to:
a. Obtain consent of subject to
c. Inform subject when study will start
participate
d. Assure anonymity
b. Ensure confidentiality of responses
52. During the actual collection of data, a subject refused to participate despite previous consent. Which is the
appropriate action to take?
a. Proceed as previews consent has
c. Ask reason for refusal
been obtained
d. Convince subject to participate
b. Respect the wish of the subject
e.
f. Situation: For professional development, it is a policy of nursing service to encourage
nurses to participate in the improvement of nursing practice.
53. Research contributes to the knowledge-base of professional nursing. Which of the following statement
about research is true?
a. Research seeks the unknown
d. Research relies on observable
b. Research solves a problem
evidence
c. Research studies the world of reality
54. When you participate in nursing research, your main activity is to:
a. Develop problem-solving skills
c. Solve a nursing problem
b. Explain a nursing phenomenon
d. Understand man as human being
55. The most important value of research to practicing nurses is:
a. It improves clinical competence
c. It contributes to new knowledge
b. It develops analytical skills
d. It demonstrates professionalism
56. The most important criteria of a researchable problem is its:
a. Potential to improve nursing
c. Practicality and clarity
b. Relevance to nursing practice
d. Simplicity in practice
57. The most objective means of obtaining nursing knowledge is through:
a. Trial and error
c. Scientific research
b. Tradition
d. Authority
58. Which of the following statements about research is true?
a. The scientific base for nursing practice greatly expanded in the first half of the century
b. The majority of nursing studies before 1950 focused on clinical problems
c. Many studies have focused on nurses themselves
d. The first nursing investigation was conducted in the United States
59. A researcher wants to determine future priorities for research in psychiatric nursing. The participants will
be clinical specialists in psychiatric nursing. Which of the following data collection methods would probably
be used?
a. Projective technique
c. Delphi technique
b. Observation
d. Semantic differential
60. Which of the following data collection methods is most likely to obtain objective data?
a. Observational methods
c. Physiological measures
b. Questionnaires
d. Interviews
61. Which of the following data-collection methods is most likely to prevent subjects from providing socially
acceptable responses to questions?
a. Attitude scale
c. Self report questionnaires
b. Projective technique
d. Interviews
62. Which type of statistics is used to examine the characteristics of samples?
a. Descriptive statistics
c. Parametric statistics
b. Inferential statistics
d. Nonparametric statistics
63. What is the mode of the following group of vision test results: 20/20, 20/30, 20/40, 20/30, 20/50, 20/40,
20/100, 20/30?
a. 20/20
b. 20/30
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
c. 20/40
d. 20/50
e.
f. Situation: Your knowledge in nursing research greatly enhances your competence in
nursing care.
When the same concerns are repeatedly happening and you desire to solve these, which of the following
should you do?
a. Publish it
c. Document the happening
b. Announce it
d. Conduct research
You are always to relieve a colleague due to his/her absences. Which of the following should you do?
a. Record the absences secretly
b. Conclude that your colleague is lazy
c. Interview your colleague and determine the cause of his/her absences
d. Be a participant observer
If you have been told that the main cause of the absences is due to financial problem like lack of budget in
transportation, what should you do?
a. Ask for salary increase
c. Offer to lend money
d. Advise your colleague to talk to the
b. You cannot do anything
head nurse
Your knowledge of this absenteeism problem is not only in your unit but in the entire hospital. You decided to
conduct a simple research. Your research problem is:
a. Why are nurses less committed these days?
b. What are the causes of absenteeism in hospital x?
c. Identifying the causes of absenteeism in hospital x?
d. Low salary affects quality care
Which of the following is the best method of collecting data for your research?
a. Survey
c. Questionnaire
b. Interview
d. Historical records
Research in older people is appropriately done in this method:
a. Interview
c. Shadowing
b. Story telling
d. Checklist
e. Situation: A research was conducted on The effects of a nurses expressive role in the
reduction of anxiety in patients who will undergo nasogastric tube insertion.
The research is experimental which means that it utilized;
a. An interview schedule
c. A questionnaire
b. A survey
d. Control and experimental groups
The independent variable is:
a. Patients
c. Reduction of anxiety
b. Expressive role
d. Nasogastric insertion
The dependent variable is:
a. Nasogastric ingestion
c. Expressive role
b. Patients
d. Reduction of anxiety
This study was done to check the procedures of the research;
a. Pre-test study
c. Pilot study
b. Proposal
d. Test-retest
Which of the following is not a characteristic of experimental research?
a. Value plays a significant part in research.
b. Research ideas are capable of being tested
c. Results of tests made on the groups are compared
d. Research subjects are randomly selected and placed into groups for the purpose of manipulation
Martha wants to do a study on the topic: Effects of massage and medication on stress and pain. The type of
research that best suits this topic is:
a. Basic research
c. Quantitative research
b. Applied research
d. Qualitative research
This research topic has the potential to contribute to nursing because it seeks to:
a. Clarify an ambiguous modality of care
c. Include new modalities of care
b. Resolve a clinical problem
d. Enhance client care
Clients rights should be protected when doing research using human subjects. Martha identifies these rights as
follows except:
a. Right to self-determination
c. Right not to be harmed
b. Right to compensation
d. Right to privacy
e. Situation: A clinical researcher is conducting a study on the Effects of Yakult in the Healing of
Bedsores among CVA Patients in Hospital X.
This type of study is:
a. Non-experimental
c. Experimental
b. Quasi-experimental
d. Cannot be determined
The group who received yakult as an intervention is called:
a. Experimental group
c. Control group
b. Treatment group
d. All except c
The healing of bedsores in this study is classified as:
a. Intervention
b. Treatment
c. Variable that is manipulated

d. Outcome or result
81. If instead of yakult to be applied, the group who were turned only every two hours is called:
a. Control group
c. Non-experimental group
b. Treatment group
d. All except b
82. If we compare the healing of the wounds of two groups in terms of the average number of days the wound will
heal, the appropriate statistical tool to use is?
a. Mean
c. Z-test
b. T-test
d. All of the above
83. If we assign the sample by convenience, the type of sampling is called:
a. Random
c. Simple random
b. Probability
d. Non-probability
84. What is the most appropriate sampling technique that we can use in this study?
a. Selective
c. Stratified
b. Simple random
d. Multi-stage
85. If we do proportional allocation of CVA patients based on their prognosis, the appropriate sampling method is:
a. Cluster
c. Systematic
b. Multi-stage
d. Stratified
86.
87. The most appropriate data gathering tool to use in this study is;
a. Questionnaire
c. Observation checklist
b. Focus group discussion
d. Interview schedule
88. Number of days of bedsore healing is measured as:
a. Nominal
c. Ordinal
b. Interval
d. Ratio
89. While yakult application is:
a. Nominal
c. Ordinal
b. Interval
d. Ratio
90. This type of research undertaking is:
a. Pure
c. Theoretical
b. Basic
d. Applied
91. If we use mean and z-test, this research is classified as?
a. Qualitative
c. Quantitative
b. Triangulation
d. Meta-analysis
92. If we found that yakult is effective in the healing of bedsores, we recommend using it as part of nursing care
treatment. This should be presented in what part of the study?
a. Conceptual
c. Planning
b. Analysis
d. Utilization
93. The nurse learned that there are different sources of nursing knowledge. What is the best source of
knowledge?
a. History
c. Experience
b. Evidence
d. Theory
94. Which of the following is supportive of evidence-based practice?
a. The nurse uses what she has learned from textbook
b. The CI teaches the results of a study to explain nursing care
c. The student uses fiction and non-fiction materials
d. Case studies are presented based on medical regimen
95. Which of the following is the best source of literature?
a. Primary textbooks
c. Research studies conducted for the
b. Secondary sources
past 5 years
d. Magazines and journals
96. Which of this is a product of scientific undertaking?
a. Sample with no p value
c. Trial and error observed
b. Research process is followed
d. In depth analysis of observation
97. Research findings are useful if;
a. They are applied to real life situation
c. They are used for archiving
b. They are used to inform the public
d. They are used for discovery
e. Situation: A researcher is trying to determine if the type of educational preparation is associated
with level of professional commitment. The mean score on the commitment of nursing
profession instrument obtained 30 diploma school graduates, 30 associate degree graduates,
and 30 baccalaureate graduates. The probability level associated with the obtained F-value is
0.03.
98. What is the level of measurement of the dependent variable?
a. Nominal
c. Interval/ratio
b. Ordinal
d. Descriptive
99. How many sets of scores are being compared?
a. One
c. Three
b. Two
d. Four
100. What inferential statistics was calculated?
a. Dependent t-test
c. Independent t-test
b. Analysis of variance
d. Chi-square test
e. Situation: You are an actively practicing nurse who just finished your graduate studies. You
learned the value of research and would like to utilize the knowledge and skills gained in the
application of research to nursing service. The following questions apply to research.
101. Which of the following studies is based on quantitative research?
a. A study examining the bereavement process in spouses of clients with terminal cancer
b. A study examining clients feelings before, during, and after a bone marrow aspiration
c. A study exploring factors influencing weight control behavior
d. A study measuring the effects of sleep deprivation on wound healing
102. Which of the following studies is based on qualitative research?
a. A study measuring the differences in blood pressure before, during and after a procedure
b. A study examining clients reactions to stress after open heart surgery
c. A study measuring nutrition and weight loss/gain in clients with cancer
d. A study examining oxygen levels after endotracheal suctioning
103. An 85 year old client in a nursing home tells a nurse, I signed the papers for that research study because
the doctor was so insistent and I want him to continue taking care of me. What client right is being violated?
a. Right to self determination
c. Right to privacy and confidentiality
b. Right to full disclosure
d. Right not to be harmed
104. A supposition or system of ideas that is proposed to explain a given phenomenon, best defines;
a. A concept
c. A theory
b. A conceptual framework
d. A paradigm
e. A1 PASSERS TRAINING, RESEARCH, REVIEW AND DEVELOPMENT COMPANY

f. RESEARCH
g. Set 3
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
h.
i. Situation: In one of your conferences with the midwives, you answered questions
pertaining to computation and presentation of statistical data at the Rural Health Unit.
Some of the questions are the following:
Statistical data to be presented should possess which of the following characteristics?
a. Accuracy
c. Timeliness
b. Accuracy, adequacy, and timeliness
d. Adequacy
In a frequency distribution or in a series of measurements arranged in an array, the middle most value that
divides the observed values into 2 parts is the:
a. Median
c. Mean
b. Standard deviation
d. Mode
The trend in crude birth rate and crude death rate over a period of 5 years is best shown using which of
the following?
a. Pie diagram
c. Frequency polygon
b. Bar graph
d. Line diagram
e.
f. Situation: For professional development, it is a policy of the nursing service to encourage
nurses to participate in the improvement of nursing practice.
Which of the following roles of the nurse in research is least appropriate for the beginning researcher?
a. Principal investigator
c. User of research findings
b. Evaluator
d. Participant in studies
As nurses first began to receive advanced educational preparation and became qualified to conduct
research, many of their studies concerned
a. Nursing education
c. Nursing administration
b. Characteristic of nurses
d. Nursing care
The emphasis on clinical nursing research expanded rapidly in the:
a. 1930s
c. 1980s
b. 1940s
d. 1970s
The first journal devoted primarily to the publication of ursing research was:
a. Nursing Research
c. Applied Nursing Research
b. Research in Nursing and Health
d. American Journal in Nursing
Nursing leaders have called for research focusing on which of the following topics?
a. Quality of life
c. Living with chronic illness
b. Wound healing
d. All of the above
All authors agree on the number of the following steps in conducting quantitative research;
a. 10
c. 17
b. 15
d. None of the above
Which of the following answers is true concerning quantitative research?
a. The steps always proceed in the same way in each study
b. There may be some shifting back and forth between the steps
c. The most important step to identify the study hypotheses
d. The steps are never carried out in an orderly fashion
Research in nursing is primarily conducted for what purpose;
a. To improve nursing practice
c. To solve nursing problems
b. To formulate nursing theories
d. To test nursing hypothesis
The major contribution of nursing research to nursing education and practice is;
a. To provide hypothesis in nursing
b. To apply nursing process
c. To provide scientific and theoretical basis for nursing
d. All of these
Which of the following may not be a reason for conducting nursing research?
a. For career mobility
c. Financial gain
b. Professional development
d. For competition in quality
A type of design which is one-shot and primarily does not involve comparison of two groups;
a. Pre-experimental
b. True experimental
d. Survey
One quality that quasi-experimental does not possess that is present in true experimental is;
a. Two groups being compared
c. Randomnization
b. Direct control is possible
d. Time series design
A type of research whose purpose is merely to determine the general picture of the population, to get the
over-all distribution of respondents;
a. Causal
c. Descriptive
b. Relational
d. Exploratory
18. When the researcher wishes to determine the association of one variable to another, the type of research
is;
a. Descriptive
c. Causal
b. Relational
d. Evaluative
19. The nurse may be guided by the following steps in research;
20.
1. Review of literature
21.
2. Formulate problem
22.
3. Research design
23.
4. Analysis
24.
5. Gathering of data
a. 1,2,3,4,5
c. 2,3,1,5,4
b. 1,2,3,5,4
d. 2,1,3,5,4
25. Which of the following does not characterize research as scientific investigation?
a. Order and sequence
c. Empiricism
b. Value laden
d. Generalization and conclusions
26. When conducting research involving bio-ethical issues, what are the important requirements?
27.
1. Details of control
28.
2. Anonymity
29.
3. Confidentiality
30.
4. Involuntary act
a. 1,2
c. 2,3
b. 3,4
d. 1,4
e.
f. Situation: Rose, an RN in a medical ward wants to conduct a study:
31. Research plays a vital role in nursing process such as:
a. Professionalism
c. Decision making
b. Accountability
d. Social relevance
32. The best source of knowledge is:
a. Tradition
c. Authority
b. Experience
d. Scientific method
33. Scientific approach possesses:
a. Empiricism
c. Order
b. Generalization
d. All of the above
34. From the nursing context, researches are for:
a. Description
c. Exploration
b. Practical application
d. All of the above
e.
f. Situation: The study is patients perception of quality nursing care.
35. In the conceptual phase of research, the nurse needs to do which order of activities?
g.
1. Formulate problem
h.
2. Review literature
i.
3. Develop theory
j.
4. Hypothesis making
a. 1,3,2,4
c. 1,4,3,2
b. 1,2,3,4
d. 4,3,2,1
36. The following theories can be used:
a. Cognitive dissonance
c. Health illness continuum
b. Health belief model
d. Affective theory
37. The hypothesis is experience is not associated with perception, is classified as:
a. Alternative
c. Directional
b. Statistical
d. Research hypothesis
38. Perception of care refers to attitude towards nursing care in this study; this is
a. Conceptual
c. Operational
b. Theoretical
d. Alternative
39. The better the experience, the more satisfied with the nursing care rendered are. This hypothesis is:
a. Null
c. Directional
b. Alternative
d. Inverse
40. A body corporate functioning together for the attainment of common goals:
a. Administration
c. Organization
b. Management
d. Corporation
41. Dissemination of information or findings of the research study is possible after findings have been:
a. Interpreted
c. Organized
b. Analyzed
d. Utilized
42. An investigator wants to determine some of the problems that are experienced by diabetic clients when
using an insulin pump. The investigator went into the clinic where he personally knows that several
diabetic clients are having problems with insulin pump. The type of sampling done by the investigator is
called:
a. Probability
b. Purposive
c. Snow ball
d. Incidental
43. If the researcher implemented a new structured counseling program with a randomnized group of subject
and a routine counseling program with another randomnized group of subject. The research is utilizing
which design?
c. Comparative
b. Experimental
d. Methodological
44. The researcher implemented a medication regimen using a new type of combination drugs to manic
patients while another group of manic patients receive the routine drugs. The researcher however
handpicked the experimental group for they are clients with multiple episodes of bipolar disorder. The
researcher will utilize which research design?
c. Phenomenological
b. Pure experimental
d. Longitudinal
45.
46.
47. Which of the following is primarily considered in problem selection?
a. Motivation or interest of the
c. Time needed
researcher
d. Limitations and scope
b. Cost of investigation
48. What variable is difficult to control but keeps on affecting the study?
a. Independent
c. Intervening
b. Dependent
d. Organismic
e.
f. Situation: Nurses are increasingly expected to understand and conduct research and to base their
professional practice on emerging evidence from research and that is to adopt an evidenc-based
practice.
49. What person or organization is generally credited with starting the movement towards evidence-based
practice?
a. Archie Cochrane
d. Agency for Health Care Quality and
b. Ed Sackett
Research
c. Cochrane Collaboration
50. Which level of evidence is most often placed at the top of the hierarchy of evidence for practice decisions?
a. Meta-analysis of multiple randomnized clinical trials
b. Results from a single well-controlled experimental study
c. A consensus of opinion from a group of experts on the topic
d. Case-control studies
51. Some nurses are calling more emphasis to be placed on what type of evidence on which to base practice
decisions?
a. Results from qualitative research
c. Cost-containment data
studies
d. Nurses preference for the type of
b. Expert opinion
care they provided
52. It is considered as the cornerstone of Evidence Based Practice (EBP) and will undoubtedly take on
increased importance in nursing and in all health disciplines since it presents the strongest evidence.
a. Translational research
c. Systematic reviews
b. Multisite studies
d. Replication studies
53. To Sackett et. Al. (2000), it is the conscientious use of current best evidence in making clinical decisions
about patient care.
a. Research utilization
c. Cochrane review
b. Evidence-based practice
d. Integrated review study
54. It is the use of findings from a disciplined study or set of studies in a practical application that is unrelated
to the original research.
a. Research utilization
c. Cochrane review
b. Evidence-based practice
d. Integrated review study
55. It involves integrating qualitative research findings in a specific topic that is interpretive syntheses of
narrative information.
a. Systematic review
c. Meta-analysis
b. Randomnized control trials
d. Metasynthesis
56. It combines a synthesis of research evidence with specific recommendations for clinical decision making.
c. Meta-analysis
b. Clinical practice guidelines
d. Metasynthesis
57. A technique in integrating quantitative research findings statistically.
c. Meta-analysis
b. Clinical practice guidelines
d. Metasynthesis
e.
f. Situation: Variables are the central building blocks of quantitative studies. As the name implies, it is
something that varies.
58. What variable have values along a continuum and in theory, can assume an infinite number of values
between points.
a. Continuous variable
b. Categorical variable
c. Independent variable
d. Dependent variable
59. When categorical variables take on two values, they are called:
a. Polychotomous
c. Dichotomous
b. Multichotomous
d. Organismic
60. What is the independent variable in the research question What is the effect of critical care nurses work
schedule on patient safety?
a. Patient safety
c. Critical care nurse
b. Nurses work schedule
d. Patient
61. What is the dependent variable in the study The effect of an exercise intervention on osteoporosis among
women aged 50-60 years old in Barangay A?
a. Osteoporosis
c. Women
b. Exercise
d. Age
62. What is the dependent variable in the study The effect of osteoporosis among women aged 50-60 years
old in Barangay A and incidence of bone fractures?
a. Osteoporosis
c. Women
b. Exercise
d. Bone fractures
63. If the researcher investigates the extent to which lung cancer depends on smoking, lung cancer is the:
c. Dependent variable
b. Presumed cause
d. Presumed infant
64.
65. When investigators may be concerned with the extent to which patients perception of pain depends on
different nursing actions, the nurses action is considered as the:
c. Dependent variable
b. Presumed effect
d. Presumed outcome
66. In the study hypothesis, Students who attend tutorial classes perform better that those who do not
attend, what is the dependent variable?
a. Class performance
c. Tutorial class
b. Attendance
d. Students
67. In the hypothesis, Board exam performance of nursing graduates varies according to the type of school
they graduated from. What is the independent variable?
a. Nursing graduates
c. School graduated
b. Board exam performance
d. Nursing
68. In the study entitles Extent of Exposure to Print Media and Reading Ability of College Freshmen, sex,
residence, parents education is considered as what type of variable?
a. Independent
c. Dependent
b. Intervening
d. Antecedent
e.
f. Situation: Quality researches require conceptual integration. One aspect of which is having
a defensible theoretical framework rationale for undertaking the study.
69. It is a broad characterization of a phenomenon.
a. Concept
c. Framework
b. Theory
d. Model
70. It is the overall conceptual underpinnings of the study.
a. Concept
c. Framework
b. Theory
d. Model
71. These types of theories describe and explain large segments of the human experience.
a. Middle-range theories
c. Micro-theories
b. Borrowed theories
d. Grand theories
72. In a study based on a theory, the framework is referred to as:
a. Conceptual framework
c. Research framework
b. Theoretical framework
d. Study framework
73. In a study that has roots in a specified conceptual model is referred to as:
a. Conceptual framework
c. Research framework
b. Theoretical framework
d. Study framework
e.
f. Situation: Certain procedures and criteria is ensured in the conduct of research studies.
The following questions pertain to those aspects.
74. A procedure used in quantitative studies to prevent biases stemming from awareness. This involves
concealing information from participants, research agents such as data collectors, care providers or data
analysis to enhance objectivity.
a. Blinding
c. Open study
b. Randomness
d. Closed study
75. When it proves to be unfeasible or undesirable to use masking, the study is called:
a. Single-blind study
c. Open study
b. Double-blind study
d. Closed study
76. A criterion for quantitative studies to assess the extent to which findings can be applied to other groups or
settings.
a. Generalizability
b. Validity
c. Reflexivity
d. Reliability
77. It refers to the accuracy and consistency of information obtained in a study.
a. Generalizability
c. Reflexivity
b. Validity
d. Reliability
78. It broadly concerns the soundness of the studys evidence whether the findings are cogent, convincing
and well-grounded.
a. Reliability
c. Generalizability
b. Validity
d. Reflexivity
e.
f. Situation: As a nurse, you are expected to participate in initiating the conduct of research
studies to improve nursing practice. You have to be updated on the latest trends and
issues affecting the profession and the best practices arrived at by the profession.
66. You are interested to study the effects of meditation and relaxation on the pain experience of the cancer
a. Dependent
c. Independent
b. Correlational
d. Demographic
67. You would like to compare the support system of the patient with chronic illness to those with acute illness.
How will you best state your problem?
a. A descriptive study to compare the support system of the patients with chronic illness and those with
acute illness in terms of demographic data and knowledge about the intervention.
b. The effect of the types of support systems of patients with chronic illness and those with acute illness
c. A comparative analysis of the support system of patients with chronic illness and those with acute
illness
d. What are the differences of the support system being received by the clients with chronic illness and
patients with acute illness
e.
68. Considering the hypothesis clients with chronic illness have lesser support system than clients with acute
illness, what type of research is this?
a. Descriptive
c. Experimental
b. Correlational, nonexperimental
d. Quasi experimental
69. In any research study where individual persons are involved, it is important that the informed consent that
you should disclose to the prospective subjects except?
a. Consent to incomplete disclosure
c. Explanation of the procedure
b. Description of benefits, risks and
d. Assurance of anonymity and
discomforts
confidentiality
70. In the hypothesis, the utilization of technology in teaching improves the retention and attention of the
nursing students. Which is the dependent variable?
a. Utilization of technology
c. Nursing students
b. Improvement in the retention and
d. Teaching
attention
e.
f. Situation: Mastery of research design determination is essential in doing a research study.
71. Anna wants to know if the length of time that she will study for the board examination is proportional to her
board rating. During June 2008 board examination, she studied for 6 months and gained 63%. On the next
board exam, she studied for 6 months again for a total of 1 year and gained 74%. On the thirs board
exam, she studied for 6 months for a total of 1 and half year and gained 82%. The research design used
is?
a. Comparative
c. Experimental
b. Correlational
d. Qualitative
72. Anton was always eating high fat diet. You want to determine if what will be the effect of high cholesterol
food to Anton in the next 10 years, you will use?
a. Comparative
c. Historical
b. Correlational
d. Longitudinal
73. Community A was selected randomly as well as community B. the nurse conducted a teaching to
community A and assess if community A will have better status than community B. this is an example of?
a. Comparative,
c. Experimental
b. Correlational
d. Qualitative
74. Ann researched on the development of new way to measure intelligence by creating a 100 item
questionnaire that will assess the cognitive skills of the individual. The design best suited forthis study is?
a. Historical
c. Survey
b. Methodological
d. Case study
75. Gen is conducting a research study about how nurse perform surgical asepsis during World War II. The
best deign for this study is?
a. Historical
c. Phenomenological
b. Case study
d. Ethnographic
76. Tonyo conducts sampling at Barangay Lat-an. He collected 100 random individuals and determine who is
their favourite comedian actor. 50% said Dolphy, 20% said Vic Sotto while some answered Allan K., and
Michael V. He conducted what kind of pf research study?
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
a. Phenomenological
c. Non- experimental
b. Case study
d. Survey
Jane visited the tribe located somewhere in China. She studied the way of life, tyradion, and societal
structure of these people. What is the best research design for this?
a. Historical
c. Non-experimental
b. Case study
d. Ethnographic
Anjo researched on TB, its transmission and causative agent as well as treatment and signs and
symptoms and all other in- depth information about tuberculosis. This study is best suited for what
research design?
a. Historical
c. Phenomenological
b. Case study
d. Ethnographic
In the value 80,10,10,25, 65, 100, 200. What is the median?
a. 71.25
c. 10 and 25
b. 22.5
d. 72.5
e.
f. Situation: The psychiatric mental health nurse adheres to standards that ensure quality
improvement. The following situations and behaviours are means to achieve this goal.
In order to assess reliability as behavioral characteristics, the nurse would ask herself which of the
following questions with regards to recording?
a. Did the history of the present problem correlates with the view of growth and development?
b. How long did it take to complete the nursing database?
c. Is the nursing data base complete?
d. Are the nursing history and psychosocial assessment accurate?
Did the nurse perform to the best possible manner without waste?. Aims to describe the nurses?
a. Thoroughness
c. Efficiency
b. Reliability
d. Analytic sense
e.
f. Situation: a nurse was interested to study the research question, What are the differences and
similarities between aggressive and non-aggressive cognitively impaired, elderly,
institutionalized people?
Investigation of cognitively impaired individual presented some ethical dilemmas. Which of the following
protocols would be considered unethical?
a. Recording interactions with the elderly with permission?
b. Verbal permission with the subject is unnecessary
c. Data collected and recorded solely by the investigator
d. A written consent from the institution and significant others
A semi- structured interview was conducted. It means?
a. Interview is conducted precisely in the same manner
b. Interviewer is not held to any specific questions
c. Subject is allowed to express without any suggestion from the interviewer?
d. Interviewer is free to probe beyond a number of specific questions
The type of study conducted was?
a. Descriptive
c. Experimental
b. Quasi- experimental
d. Case study
The review of related literature included reference to the retrospective studies. Such studies have the
following advantages except?
a. Data are inexpensive to obtain
b. Possibility of memory bias and distortion of fact
c. There is much material available
d. It is easy to get data
The average age of the respondents was 86. This represents?
a. The sum of ages divided by the total number of the participants
b. The youngest participant is 86 yrs. Old
c. Most of the number of participants were aging 86 years old
Situation: One of the expectations in a university for the faculty is to do a research or publish a scientific
paper at least once a year. In order to appropriately decide what kind of research Ms. Torres is going to
conduct by next year, she must know thye different research methodology.
One title she read in a local journal was, unintended pregnancies in the Philippines: Facts and issues.
This study can be classified as?
a. quasi- experimental
c. experimental
b. historical
d. descriptive
Ms. Torres Remembers one study submitted by a student was the intelligence quotient and milk feeding
of selected school-aged pupil of school X. This kind of research could be an example of?
a. Descriptive
c. Exploratory
b. Experimental
d. Historical
One study that she read lately in the library was the relationship between the health teaching given to the
postpartum primipara mothers during hospital confinement to the incidence of infection in newbornthis
study is an example of?
a. Experimental
c. Historical
b. Descriptive
d. Quasi- experimental
91. The title, development of instructional simulators in medical and allied education is an example of?
a. Quasi experimental
c. Experimental
b. Historical
d. Descriptive
e.
f. Situation: After 5 years of working as a staff nurse in the hospital, you were asked by the
chief nurse to be part of the team that will undertake a hospital- wide research of costing of
nursing service. You recall that one of the first lessons in your research class are the
methods by which knowledge is acquired.
92. Having worked in the emergency ward for 6 months, you are convinced that crisis intervention is one of
those services that a nurse can charge a professional fee. This knowledge is based on?
a. Scientific method
c. Consulting expert
b. Experience
d. Trial and error
93. While working in the ICU, a member of the research team remembers that the head nurse and supervisor
conducted a small scale study on the effects of music therapy on pain relief among selected patients in
ICU. The knowledge obtained from this activity is through?
a. Scientific method
c. Experience
b. Trial and error
d. Tradition
94. The research team learned that some of the nursing services of few hospitals are already approved for
costing and are about to be submitted to the Phil health for approval. The team invited the proponents of
the study for information. The knowledge obtained from this specific activity is through?
a. Experience
c. Trial and error
b. Consulting expert
d. Tradition
95. Bedsore is one of the many problems in the hospital. In one unit, it was learned that they tried using the
back of the banana to line the skin where possible pressure sore is suspected. Eventually, they tried water
pads to lessen pressure on the affected part. The knowledge obtained in this situation is through?
a. Trial and error
c. Consulting expert
b. Scientific method
d. Tradition
e.
f. Situation: a researcher is trying to determine the if the type of educational preparation is
associated with the level of professional commitment. The mean score on the Commitment
of Nursing profession instrument obtained 30 diploma school graduates, 30 associate
degree graduates and 30 baccalaureate graduates. The probability level is associated with
the obtained F- value is 0.03.
96. Which of the following decisions concerning the scores in Commitment of Nursing profession instrument is
correct based on the probability level that was obtained?
a. No significant difference exists among diploma, associate and baccalaureate degree graduates
scores
b. A significant difference exists among diploma, associate and baccalaureate degree graduates
scores
c. No decision can be made
d. No relationship at all
97. The conclusion of the study is based on?
a. Findings of the study
c. Implications of the study
b. Review of the literature
d. Recommendation for final research
98. Which of the following statement is true concerning statistical significance?
a. Statistical significance is necessary for clinical insignificance
b. Findings may be both statistically and clinically non- significant
c. If findings are said to be clinically significant, they must be also statistically significant
d. Findings must be either statistically significant or clinically significant.
99. Which of the following methods is appropriate for the presentation of the research finding?
a. Narrative presentation
c. Figures
b. Tables
d. All of the above
100.
Guidelines for the use of tables in research studies include?
a. A table should appear in report immediately before the narrative discussion of the table
b. If data are missing, a blank space should appear in the table to indicate missing data
c. Titles should include the name of the statistical test used to analyze data
d. None of the above
100.
Which of the following is not a probability sampling?
a. Cluster
c. Random
b. Selective
d. stratified
e.
k.
f.
l.
g.
m.
h.
n.
i.
o.
j.
p.
q.
t.
r.
u.
s.
v.
w. A1 PASSERS TRAINING, RESEARCH, REVIEW AND DEVELOPMENT COMPANY
x. RESEARCH
y. Set 4
z.
aa.
Situation: Backache after duty hours has become common
among staff nurses assigned in the stroke unit. A group of nurses decided to make a retrospective study.
1. A retrospective study would involve nurses who suffered from backache. When is this done?
a. Anytime before or after the study
c. Previous to the study
b. During the period of the study
d. No particular period
2. The purpose of the study is to determine the relationship between lifting techniques of nurses and
backache. The independent variable is:
a. Staff nurses
c. Back injury
b. Backache
d. Lifting technique
3. Fifty nurses consented to the subjects of the study, 25 nurses with backache and 25 nurses without
backache. Which group is the control?
a. Group without backache
c. No group
b. Group without lifting activity
d. Group with backache
4. You obtained the written consent of the study subjects. Which of the following information will be given
prior to the consent?
a. Assurance to withdraw from the study anytime
b. Be participant until the study is completed
c. Right to be informed of findings
d. Right to receive incentives
5. Due to some study constraints, the group decided to do prospective study. This means that the study will
be conducted:
a. At a specific future time
b. At a period when subjects are ready
c. When both subjects and the lifting activity are ready
d. When there are patients who need lifting
6. The plan of how the study will be conducted is called:
a. Design
c. Hypothesis
b. Data collection method
d. Research process
7. Collecting data from a sample to determine the characteristics of a population is the purpose of what type
of research?
a. Correlational
c. Survey
b. Experimental
d. Historical
8. Which of the following method is appropriate for the presentation of research findings?
a. Narrative presentations
c. Tabular presentations
b. Graphical presentations
d. All of the above
9. What communication medium is most likely to reach the largest percentage of nurses?
a. Dissertation defense
c. Journal article
b. Conference oral presentation
d. Poster presentation
10. A community health nurse of a maternity clinic decides to conduct a study to determine the number of
clients seen during the previous year who became anemic at some time during their pregnancy. The
nurses research is classified which type of study?
a. Analytic
c. Descriptive
b. Cohort
d. Experimental
11. Researchers have been exploring alternative design strategies that might increase validity of studies. Most
recent interest is the combined use of two or more theories, methods, data sources, or methods of
analysis in a study. This is referred to as:
a. Research combo
c. Triangulation
b. Stratification
d. Meta analysis
12. The following are the characteristics of quantitative research except:
a. Objective
d. Basic is knowing the cause and effect
b. Develops theory
relationship
c. Element of analysis number
e.
f. Situation: Nurse Evelyn is conceptualizing a research project for her team. She decided to
conduct a quantitative study.
13. Which among the following should Nurse Evelyn do first?
a. Formulate a hypothesis
c. Define the research framework
b. Develop a research question
d. Conduct a review of literature
14. The conceptual phase involves all of the following except:
a. Designing the sampling plan
c. Reviewing the related literature
b. Defining the theoretical framework
d. Formulating the hypothesis
15. Pre-testing
a. Conceptual
the questionnaire
phase
is done in which phase of the research
c. process?
Design and planning phase
b. Empirical phase
d. Analytic phase
16. Preparing the data for analysis is done in which phase of the research process?
a. Design and planning phase
c. Analytic phase
b. Empirical phase
d. Dissemination phase
17. All of the following may be done in the dissemination phase of the research process except:
a. Writing the research report
d. Presentation of the research in a
b. Preparing a journal article
conference
c. Preparing an intervention protocol
e.
f. Situation: Identify what threats to validity the following statements made by respondents
would indicate.
18. Its a good thing Im on this new diet experiment. I couldnt believe it when the researcher told me that I
was 10 lbs overweight.
a. Hawthorne effect
c. Testing
b. Selection bias
d. History
19. Arent we lucky to be part of this experiment?
a. Hawthorne effect
c. Testing
b. Experimenter effect
d. History
20. The researcher scares me. I guess Id better act like he wants me to act.
a. Hawthorne effect
c. Selection bias
d. History
21. I volunteered to be in the experimental group.
a. Hawthorne effect
c. Selection bias
d. History
22. I watched this show about lung cancer. It made me realize that I really should stop smoking while Im in
this smoking cessation study.
a. Hawthorne effect
c. Selection bias
d. History
e.
f. Situation: Four levels of measurement or measurement scales have been identifies:
nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio.
23. All of the following are nominal data, except:
a. Gender
c. Anxiety level
b. Marital status
d. Religious affiliation
24. Level of measurement concerns data of real numbers that not only be placed in categories and ranked,
but also the distance between the ranks can be specified.
a. Ordinal
c. Nominal
b. Ratio
d. Interval
25. Level of measurement concerns data that can be categorized and ranked; in addition, the distance
between ranks can be specifies, and a true or natural zero pint can be identified.
a. Ordinal
c. Nominal
b. Ratio
d. Interval
26. Considered as the lowest level or least rigorous level of measurement.
a. Ordinal
c. Nominal
b. Ratio
d. Interval
27. If a researcher would want to determine the number of pain medication requests made by two groups of
patients, it would be possible for some patients in the group to ask for no pain medication. This type of
data is considered what level of measurement?
a. Ordinal
c. Nominal
b. Ratio
d. Interval
e.
f. Situation: Statistical procedures allow the researcher to summarize, organize, evaluate,
interpret and communicate numeric information according to Polit, Hungler and Beck
(2004). The succeeding questions will pertain to statistics facilitating data analysis.
28. The following are measures to condense data except:
a. Percentile
c. Percentages
b. Graphic presentations
d. Frequency distribution
29. Statistical measure that describe the average, typical or most common value for a group of data.
a. Measures of dispersion
c. Measures of variability
b. Measures of central tendency
d. Measures of differences
30. A measure on how spread out the values are in a distribution of values.
a. Measures of dispersion
c. Measures of condensing data
b. Measures of central tendency
d. Measures of relationships
31. It is the middle score or value in a group of data. With interval and ratio data, it divides the frequency
distribution of the data in half.
a. Mean
c. Mode
b. Median
d. Standard deviation
32. Considered as the most stable measure of central tendency.

a. Mean
c. Mode
b. Median
33. A measurement indicating the average deviation or variation of all the values in a set of values from the
mean value of those data.
a. Mean
c. Mode
b. Median
34. A type of inferential statistics that is concerned in making assumptions about the population from which a
sample is drawn.
a. Descriptive statistics
c. Parametric statistics
b. Non descriptive statistics
d. Nonparametric statistics
35. A parametric test that examines the difference between the means of two groups of values.
a. ANOVA
c. T-test
b. ANCOVA
d. Chi square
36. A nonparametric test appropriate for comparing data those are in form of frequencies or percentages
(nominal data).
a. ANOVA
c. T-test
b. ANCOVA
d. Chi square
37. A rigorous statistical procedure that synthesizes the results of several studies that have been conducted
on the same topic.
a. Multiple regression
d. Multivariate analysis of variance
b. Meta-analysis
(ANOVA)
c. Triangulation
e.
f. Situation: research designs also designates when, how and how often data will be
collected. Designs therefore are often categorize in terms of how they deal with time.
38. It involves the collection of data at one point in time.
a. Longitudinal study
c. Retrospective study
b. Cross-sectional study
d. Prospective study
39. Data collection involves two or more points over an extended period of time.
40. It involves data collection about an outcome in the present and about possible causes or antecedents in
the past.
41. It involves having information about cause or4 antecedents in the past.
42. A type of longitudinal design which is an investigation in which samples from population are studied over
time with respect to some phenomenon.
a. Panel studies
c. Follow up studies
b. Trend studies
d. Pilot study
43. Edwards and colleagues (2005) conducted what type of longitudinal study in determining whether gender
differences associated with coronary artery revascularization changed over time. Data from 1993 and then
2003 were utilized and then analyzed.
a. Panel studies
b. Trend studies
d. Pilot study
44. Wu and Pender (2005) tested Penders Health Promotion Model using data from a two-wave panel study
of Taiwanese adolescents. Data for a number of variables measured in the first wave (e.g. social support,
self-efficacy, barriers to physical activity) were used to predict the amount of physical activity in the second
wave. What type of longitudinal study is this?
a. Panel studies
b. Trend studies
d. Pilot study
45. The study involved 280 patients who had undergone various treatments for Coronary Artery Disease
(CAD). Data relating to the patients quality of life were gathered 1 year and 8 years after their treatment,
what type of longitudinal study is used?
a. Panel studies
b. Trend studies
d. Pilot study
e.
f. Situation: Sampling is the process of selecting portion of the population to represent the
entire population so that inferences can be made. The following questions pertain to
techniques and methods in sampling.
46. It is the weakest form of sampling method.
a. Quota sampling
c. Systematic random sampling
b. Stratified random sampling
d. Convenience sampling
47. A sampling method based on the belief that the researchers knowledge about the population can be used
to hand-pick sample members.
a. Snowball sampling
b. Judgmental sampling
c. Cluster sampling
d. Systematic random sampling
48.
49. It is the most basic probability sampling design.
a. Simple random sampling
c. Cluster sampling
b. Systematic random sampling
d. Convenience sampling
50. It is the standard distance between elements chosen for the sample.
a. Sampling interval
c. Sampling frame
b. Sampling unit
d. Sampling error
51. It refers to the differences between population values and sample values.
a. Sampling interval
c. Sampling frame
b. Sampling unit
d. Sampling error
e.
f. Situation: The following questions pertain to data collection methods and processes.
52. These are questions that indicate that a category is provided for every possible answer.
a. Contingency
c. Mutually exclusive
b. Collectively exhaustive
d. Double-barreled
53. When a researcher asks two questions in one, this is referred to as:
a. Contingency
c. Mutually exclusive
b. Collectively exhaustive
d. Double-barreled
54. It is the tendency of observers to be influenced by one characteristic in judging other unrelated
characteristics.
a. Halo effect
c. Effect of severity
b. Hawthorne effect
d. Effect of leniency
55. It is the tendency of observers to rate everything positively
a. Halo effect
c. Effect of severity
b. Hawthorne effect
d. Effect of leniency
e.
f. Situation: Researches can be of different types. It may be categorized and classified
according to its purpose, data, research design and control over the independent variable.
56. Which among the following studies is an example of Basic/Pure Research?
a. Factors Associated with Tardiness and Absenteeism among High School Students.
b. The Effect of Gender Sensitivity Training on Mens Involvement in Child Care
c. Remedial Teaching: Its Effect on the Performance of Slow Learners
d. The Effect of Verbal Suggestion on Overt Pain Reaction of Selective Post-operative Patients
57. The study entitled: Menopause: Working Womens Perceptions, Experiences and Coping Strategies is
what type of research?
a. Exploratory
c. Prediction
b. Explanatory
d. Experimental
58. The above mentioned study can also be a type of research that is:
a. Quantitative
c. Qualitative
b. Experimental
d. Applied
59. If the researcher would like to study the history and development of cooperatives in the Philippines, what
research method can be used to study such problem?
a. Content analysis
c. Experimental
b. Survey
d. Historical
60. The DOS would like to know whether a brochure it plans to use to disseminate information about breast
cancer can be understood by its target readers. Before mass producing and distributing the brochure,
what research method could be done?
a. Content analysis
c. Experimental
b. Survey
d. Historical
61. It was studied whether giving iron supplements to nursing home residents caused improvements in
immune response following an influenza vaccination. What type of relationship does the research study
determines?
a. Cause and effect
c. Associative
b. Functional
d. Non causal
62. Nyamthi and associates (2005) examined the relationship between the perceived health status of
tuberculosis-infected homeless people on one hand and gender on the other. Which type of relationship
does the study determines?
a. Cause and effect
c. Causal
b. Functional
d. Non causal
63. Cooke and colleagues (2005) tested the effect of music on day surgery patients level of anxiety. During a
pre-operative wait, come patients received the intervention the opportunity to listen to the patients
preferred music and the others did not. What is this type of research?
a. Nonexperimental research
c. Qualitative research
b. Experimental research
d. Developmental research
64. Taxis and co0authors (2004) studied coping skills and perceptions of stress in white and Hispanic schoolaged children in Texas. The primary stressor was feeling sick and one of the childrens most frequently
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
c. Greater
Qualitative
identified
a. Nonexperimental
coping strategies
research
was watching TV or listening to music.
useresearch
of coping strategies was
d. Developmental research
associated
b. Experimental
with lower research
stress is what type of research?
These are predictions of outcomes and state relationships researchers expect to find as a result of the study.
a. Research design
c. Problem statement
b. Objectives
d. Hypotheses
It is the architectural backbone of the study.
a. Research design
b. Objectives
d. Hypotheses
It articulates the nature, context, and significance of a problem to be studied.
a. Research design
b. Objectives
d. Hypotheses
It is the process of translating verbal data into numeric form.
a. Proposal
c. Treatment
b. Coding
d. Analysis
It is the process of making sense the study results and examining their implications.
a. Analysis
c. Data collection
b. Interpretation
d. Utilization
In a qualitative study, the research design that emerges during the course of data collection.
a. Methodological design
c. Experimental design
b. Emergent design
d. Causal design
It is a brief description of the study placed at the beginning of the article.
a. Proposal
c. Statement of the problem
b. Abstract
d. Introduction
It specifies the operations that researchers must perform to collect and measure the required information.
a. Conceptual definition
c. Specific definition
b. Operational definition
d. Research definition
It presents the abstract or theoretical meaning of the concepts being studied.
a. Conceptual definition
c. Specific definition
b. Operational definition
d. Research definition
Journal articles typically follow a conventional organization format into four main sections:
a. Introduction, discussion, methods, results
b. Introduction, methods, results, discussion
c. Introduction, results, discussion, methods
d. Introduction, methods, discussion, results
Situation: Statistical procedures enable researchers to organize, interpret and communicate numeric
information. Mathematical talent is not required to use or understand statistical analysis only logical
thinking ability is.
A measurement of hierarchy which involves sorting object based on their relative ranking on an attribute.
a. Nominal
c. Interval
b. Ordinal
d. Ratio
Continuous variables can be measures at what levels?
a. Nominal and ordinal
c. Ratio and ordinal
b. Interval and ratio
d. Interval and nominal
It is used to organize numeric data from lowest to highest order with a count of the number of times each value
was obtained.
a. Percentile
c. Frequency distribution
b. Percentages
d. Multimodial distribution
It is the point in a distribution which is and below 50% cases at all.
a. Mean
c. Mode
b. Median
e. Situation: Choose the appropriate research design for the following studies.
What is the effect of timing of the initial bath on the temperature of newborns.
a. Descriptive
c. Experimental
b. Correlational
d. Associative
What are the most common problems and concerns of nursing students in the operating rooms where they are
assigned?
a. Descriptive
c. Experimental
b. Correlational
What are the characteristics of women who experienced post-partum depression?
a. Descriptive
c. Experimental
b. Correlational
What is the relationship between the general weighted average (GWA) in the NCM subjects (NCM 100 to 105)
and GWA in the nurses licensure exams?
a. Descriptive
c. Experimental
b. Correlational
How effective is guided imagery in the long-term abstinence among adult smokers?
a. Descriptive
c. Experimental
b. Correlational
d. Association
What are the sources of stress among ER and OR nurses?
a. Descriptive
c. Experimental
b. Correlational
86.
87. What is the relationship between perceived social support and level of stress of spouse caregivers?
a. Descriptive
c. Experimental
b. Correlational
e. Situation: Identify what sampling method is used in the following studies.
88. To obtain mothers of children with cystic fibrosis, a researcher contacted one such mother who lived in her
neighborhood and asked her if she knows any other mother with children having cystic fibrosis. What sampling
method is used?
a. Systematic
c. Simple random
b. Quota
d. Snowball
89. To determine the frequency of the recording of the nursing diagnoses by nurses, a sample of 100 charts is
randomly selected from all of the patients charts during the previous year. What sampling method is used?
a. Cluster
c. Simple random
b. Quota
d. Systematic
90. The first 30 men and first 30 women who are admitted to the hospital for abdominal surgery during the time of
the research study are asked to participate. What sampling method is used?
a. Systematic
c. Stratified
b. Quota
d. Snowball
91. Every fifth nurse is randomly selected from the mailing list of the Philippine Nurses Association. What sampling
method is this?
a. Systematic
c. Simple random
b. Cluster
d. Stratified
92. A total of 20 nursing service administrators are randomly selected from a random sample of 10 hospitals in the
province.
a. Systematic
c. Simple random
b. Stratified
d. Cluster
e.
f. Situation: Nurse Gelai is trying to compare the effectiveness of patient-controlled analgesia as
opposed to intramuscular analgesia in relieving pain after surgery.
93. In Nurse Gelais research, the dependent variable is the:
a. Patient-controlled analgesia
c. Intramuscular analgesia
b. Pain
d. Surgery
94. The independent variable is the:
a. Method of pain management
c. Pain intensity
b. Type of surgery
d. Nursing intervention
95. The variable pain in Nurse Gelais research is also known as:
a. Presumed cause
c. Presumed attribute
b. Presumed effect
d. Presumption
96. The different analgesic methods used by Nurse Gelai in her research is also known as:
a. Presumed cause
c. Presumed attribute
b. Presumed effect
d. Presumption
97. If Nurse Gelais research is an experiment, the different analgesic methods used by Nurse Gelai may be
referred to as:
a. Dependent variable
c. Criterion variable
b. Treatment variable
d. Attribute variable
98. The patients verbalization of I consented to being a subject to the nurses research because I am afraid that if I
refuse, her attitude towards me will turn sour, is a clear violation of:
a. Freedom from harm
c. Right to full-disclosure
b. Right to self-determination
d. Right to privacy
99. Nurse Gelai overheard a patient verbalize, The nurse askep permission to have my photo taken, but I never
expected that it will be used to solicit donations for this nursing unit, is a clear violation of:
a. Freedom from harm
c. The right to full disclosure
b. The right to self-determination
d. Right to privacy
100.
The principle of beneficence as applied in research include:
a. The right to fair treatment
c. The right to full disclosure
b. The right to self-determination
d. Freedom from exploitation
e. Situation: Student Nurse Rachel is preparing a nursing research problem.
101.
All of the following are appropriate sources of research problems in nursing except:
a. Nursing literature
b. Clinical exposure and experience
c. Natural science journals
d. Social issues of relevance to the health care community
102.
Nurse Rachel is making final selections of a research problem. The four most
important considerations include the significance of the problem, the researchability of the problem, the
feasibility of addressing the problem and the:
a. Availability of the study participants
c. Ethical considerations
b. Its interest to the researcher
d. Time and timing considerations
103.
Nurse Rachel thought of the following research problem: Do patients of nurses with
greater empathy experience less pain than those with less empathy?
a. Quantitative research
c. Experimental research
b. Qualitative research
d. Quasi-experimental research
e.
f.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
A1 PASSERS TRAINING, RESEARCH, REVIEW AND DEVELOPMENT COMPANY

g. RESEARCH
h. Test 5
i.
j. Situation: To support evidence based practice, the Nursing Service Department of Christ
the King Medical Center commissioned a group of nurses to do a study on nursing
interventions to decrease the occurrence of nosocomial infections in the different wards in
the hospital.
Initially, the group decided to do a thorough literature review. Which would be the best way of analyzing
nursing interventions which focus on this topic?
A. Meta synthesis
C. Case reports
B. Meta analysis
D. Case series
The research group decided to do an experimental study on the use of alcohol spray stations in each ward
and special areas in the hospital to be used by all hospital staff and visitors and evaluate its effect on the
occurrence of nosocomial infection. Which is the independent variable?
A. Use of alcohol spray stations
C. Hospital staff and visitors
B. Wards and special areas
D. Occurrence of nosocomial infections
Which is the dependent variable?
A. Use of alcohol spray stations
C. Hospital staff and visitors
B. Wards and special areas
D. Occurrence of nosocomial infections
What type of experimental design could be used if the research group will use Mary the Queen General
Hospital to compare the occurrence of nososcomial infection after four (4) months of intervention in the
experimental group, the Christ the King Medical Center?
A. Quasi-experimental design
C. One-shot case study
B. Classical experimental design
D. Ex post facto design
Mart the Queen General Hospital is considered as the:
A. Experimental group
C. Study group
B. Intervention group
D. Control group
A measles epidemic happened in the community where Christ the King Medical Center is located. The
hospital admitted 20 patients with measles and had the same number who consulted in the outpatient
department. What threat to experimental validity may be anticipated?
A. History effect
C. Selection threat
B. Maturation
D. Mortality
What data gathering tool will be most helpful in determining the occurrence of nosocomial infections in the
two (2) hospitals under study?
A. Questionnaire
C. Observation
B. Interview
D. Records
To be able to test the hypothesis that the research group forwarded, which statistics would be suitable to
use?
A. Descriptive statistics
C. Difference statistics
B. Inferential statistics
D. Prevalence test
What can be used to enhance the presentation of findings?
A. Tables
C. Tables and figures
B. Figures
D. Figures and statistics
E.
F. Situation: A research group has been formed by Dr. Melanie Ordonez, Dean of Oriental College of
Nursing. Appointed as the head of the faculty research group was Dr. Sarah Rances. The team
was sent to attend a workshop on research ethics.
The ethical principle of beneficence was discussed. The speaker highlighted that this principle deals with:
A. Imposing duty on the researchers to minimize harm and maximize benefits
B. Avoiding, preventing, or minimizing harm to research participants
C. The researcher has fully described the nature of the study
D. Withholding information about the study
One of the faculty members asked if observing patterns of student nurses eating in the school canteen is
ethical. The speaker replied that this is a form of:
A. Deception
C. Placebo
B. Covert data collection
D. Debriefing
Another faculty member shared that she had experienced subjects pulling out in the middle of the study.
What right supports this move?
A. Right to full disclosure
C. Right to self-determination
B. Right to protection from harm
D. Right to privacy
The speaker gave the participants a handout of the CIOMS Guidelines. What is this guideline all about?
A. The guidelines are general instructions and principles of ethical biomedical research.
B. They are basic ethical principles that underlie the conduct of biomedical and behavioral research
involving human subjects.
C. The guidelines differentiated therapeutic from non-therapeutic research.
D. The guidelines are instructions for medical doctors doing experimental research.
14.
15. What occurs when even the researcher cannot link a subject with the information for that subject?
A. Confidentiality
C. Neutrality
B. Anonymity
D. Objectivity
16. If school children will be participants in the study, would they require only a parental consent?
A. Yes
C. Not necessary
B. No
D. It depends on the study
17. The speaker discussed about the 3 major elements of the informed consent. What are these?
A. Right to anonymity and confidentiality
B. Right to full disclosure and right to self-determination
C. Right not to be harmed and right to privacy
D. Right to fair treatment and right to freedom of choice
18. One of the participants wanted to conduct a study wherein the results of the study might benefit future
patients but will probably not benefit those acting as research subjects. What is this type of research?
A. Case study research
C. Case report research
B. Therapeutic research
D. Non-therapeutic research
19. What broad ethical principle supports the right to fair treatment?
A. Beneficence
C. Justice
B. Nonmaleficence
D. Respect for human dignity
E.
F. Situation: Cullen, L., Titer, M., & Rempel, G. (2010) published an article entitled An
Advanced Educational Program Promoting Evidence-Based Practice in the Western
Journal of Nursing Research. The following lines were taken from this article.
20. The purpose of this article is to describe an advanced educational program for nurses in leadership role
responsible for guiding team and mentoring colleagues through the challenges inherent in the evidencebased practice process. This reflects:
A. The significance of the study
C. The methodology of the study
B. The rationale of the study
D. The limitations of the study
21. Questionnaires were sent anonymously with one reminder sent to all 94 participants, but no targeted
follow-up was possible. What right was drawn attention to?
A. Right to full disclosure
C. Right to fair treatment
B. Right to privacy
D. Right not to be harmed
22. Sections of the evaluation could have been expanded to provide additional data to inform future work.
This line is a statement of:
A. The significance of the study
C. The methodology of the study
B. The rationale of the study
D. The limitations of the study
23. The Iowa Model of Evidence-Based Practice to Promote Quality Care (Titler et al., 2011) is used to
organize the program content and for prerequisite program preparation. The in-text referencing style in
use is:
A. Campbell style
C. Harvard style
B. APA style
D. Oxford style
24. Adopting evidence-based practice with complex heath care organizations remains a challenge. This line
reflects:
A. Discussion
C. Conclusion
B. Results
D. Limitations
E. Situation: An article entitled: Saints, sinner and standards of feminity: discursive
constructions of anorexia nervosa and obesity in womens magazines (Whitehead, K. &
Kurz, T., 2008) was published in the Journal of Gender Studies.
25. By reading the title, one would surmise that the study that was published was a:
A. Qualitative research
C. Mixed methods research
B. Quantitative research
D. Essay type of publication
26. To address the issue we conducted a Foucauldian Discourse Analysis of the language utilized in the
articles, which actively constructs the subjective experience of either anorexia or obesity. What does this
sentence present?
A. Sampling design
C. Research design
B. Data sources
D. Study purpose
27. Our theoretical and analytic approach can best be described as being derived from a feminist
poststructuralist perspective, which is concerned with the construction of reality and power through
language. What does this line show?
A. Ethical perspective
C. Proposition
B. Framework
D. Hypothesis
28. This constructs the social reality of obesity and the fat woman as rendering herself powerless,
unattractive and consequently, unfeminine. What does this sentence represent?
A. Analysis
C. Rationale
B. Background
D. Literature review
29. ..There is a strong link between sexism and fat appression. Obesity is often framed as more repulsive
than anorexia based upon the universal truth that a woman wants to find and catch a man, start a
family, and be a good wife. This line corresponds to:
A. Conclusion
C. Limitation
B. Recommendation
D. Delimitation
E.
F. Situation: Your nursing unit plans to conduct a study on the use of structured preoperative
preparation in lessening the demand for post-operative pain reliever
29. Which of the following research activities should you initially do?
A. Find out from interview how many patients are willing to participate
B. Get the permission from the hospital director
C. Review literature on the topic
D. Prepare the tool for collecting data
30. Which of the following statements do NOT contribute to the research ability of your proposed problem?
A. Potential use of findings
C. Well defined problem statement
B. Readability of findings
D. Measurability of variables
G.
31. A study (research) table should NOT contain which of the following?
a.Categories of data collected
c.Specific title of table
b.Relevant rows and columns
d.Names of sample selected
32. Which of the following actions will facilitate analysis of research data?
A. Consult a physician
C. Consult a complete expert
B. Consult an advises
D. Categorize data collected
33. The research methodology that is appropriate for the above problem would be:
A. Descriptive
C. Experimental
B. Normative
D. Quasi experimental
34. Which of the following is the most important reason for doing a literature review for constructing a
research study?
A. Helpful information on demographic instrument development could be uncovered
B. Existing knowledge about the identified problem can be found
C. A determination of the studys feasibility could be extrapolated
D. The research design can be copied from another study
35. Which type of research inquiry investigates the issues of human complexity (e.g. understanding the
human expertise?)
A. Positivism
C. Logical Position
B. Quantitative Research
D. Natural Inquiry
H.
I. Situation: A nursing professor assigns a group of students to do data gathering by
interviewing their classmates as the subjects.
36. She instructed the interviewers not to tell the interviewees that the data gathered are for her own
research project for publication. This teacher has violated the students right to:
J.
A. Disclosure
L.
C. Privacy
K.
B. Not be harmed
M.
D. Self determination
37. A nurse preceptor observes that many clients are being readmitted in the ward for post-operative
infections. She suggests to the students that they do a research on this topic. What research activity is
this?
38.
A. Sharing research results with
41.
C. Developing guidelines for
39.
colleagues
patient care
40.
B. Data collection
42.
D. Identifying clinical problem
43. 38. Quantitative research involves numerical data. Which of the following is based on quantitative
research?
44. A. The effects of regular nurse visits to clients bedside on the number of clients calls to the
nurse
45.
B. A study on the effects of the white uniform of hospital personnel on pediatric patients
46.
C. A study on benefits of pre-operative health instructions to clients feeling of anxiety
47.
D. A study on the effects of touch on the clients feelings of isolation
48. 39. Before the nurse researcher starts her study, she analyzes how much time, money, materials and
people she will need to complete the research project. This analysis prior to beginning the study is called:
49.
A. Validity
C. Feasibility
50.
B. Research ability
D. Reliability
51. 40. Data analysis is to be done and the nurse researcher wants to include measures of variability. These
include the following EXCEPT:
52.
A. Range
C. Mean
53.
B. Standards of Deviation
D. Variance
54.
55. Situation: For professional development, it is a policy of nursing service to encourage nurses to
participate in the improvement of nursing practice.
56.
41. Which of the following statements is true concerning a research proposal that is being submitted
for
57.
58.
59.
60.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
55.
Review at an agency that receives federal money for research?

1. Anonymity must be guaranteed in the study proposal
2. The proposal must be reviewed by the institution's Institutional Review Board (IRB)
3. The nursing research committee must approve the proposal
4. Subject consent must be received before the proposal is reviewed
42. Which of the following is least likely to be provided for subjects?
A. Informed Consent
C. Confidentiality
B. Anonymity
D. Privacy
Which of the following is the most important reason for conducting a review of the literature before
conducting a research study?
A. The research design can be copied from previous study
B. A determination will be made about the existing knowledge in the identified problem area
C. An instrument may be uncovered that will be appropriate for the proposed study
D. The feasibility of the study can be determined
A primary source for a nursing research study is:
A. The retrieval mechanism that is first used in locating the research study
B. An index that directs the reader to the research study
C. A description of the study written by the researcher who conducted the study
D. A summary of research on the study topic
Most research articles that appear in the journal Research in Nursing and Health are examples of:
A. Primary sources
C. Both primary and secondary sources
B. Secondary sources
D. Neither primary nor secondary sources
What is one of the advantages of conducting a computerized literature search rather than using printed
indexes?
A. Primary sources are easier to locate
B. The entire articles may always be printed at the end of the search
C. No libraries have printed indexes available
D. Search terms can be combined
Which of the following sources would provide the most current information on literature sources?
A. Printed indexes
C. Online sources
B. Books
D. CD-ROMS
In conducting a literature review, the reader is least interested in which of the following information about a
research study?
A. Research study results
B. Opinions about the research study
C. How the research variables were operationally defined
D. Research study method
Nursing research has used which of the following reasoning processes?
A. Inductive
C. Both inductive and deductive
B. Deductive
D. Neither inductive nor deductive
Deriving a prepositional statement from a theory involves the logical reasoning process called:
A. Deduction
C. Induction
B. Conceptualization
D. Critical analysis
Which of the following statements regarding theory is false?
A. Proves the relationship between variables
B. Describe the relationship between variables
C. Explains the relationship between variables
D. Contains propositional statements
Which of the following is not one of the common concepts that are included in the nearly all of the nursing
conceptual models?
61.
A. Person
C. Death
62.
B. Environment
D. Health
Nursing has used theories from:
A. Sociology
C. Anthropology
B. Psychology
D. All of the above
54. What does it mean if a person's score is 3 standard deviations above a mean on a test?
A. All of the scores in the test are high
B. The person has unusually high score compared with others who took the test
C. An error has been made in recording the score
D. The score is 30% higher than the mean
As a nurse researcher conducting a research study with a group of children, you discover that the average
weight of the subjects is at the 95 th percentile for their age. Which of the following statements would be
correct?
A. The subjects are not eating enough
B. The subjects are 5% above the average weight for their age
C. The subjects are 5% below the average weight for their age
D. The subjects are well above the average weight for their age
56. Correlation is a procedure used to determine if:

A. X comes before Y
C. X and Y are different
B. X causes Y
D. X and Y vary together
57. A nurse researcher examines the correlation between anxiety levels and pain. She calculates a correlation
coefficient of 2.19. The size of this correlation indicates:
A. A strong positive relationship
D. No relationship between two
B. A significant correlation
variables
C. An error in calculation
58.
59. Which of the following correlation coefficients would indicate the strongest relationship between anxiety
and the ability to concentrate?
A. R= -0.03
C. r= -0.35
B. r= +0.30
D. r= -0.60
60. Statistical significance means that the study findings:
A. Are important to the nursing profession
B. Apply to a large target population
C. Are not likely to be the result of sampling error
D. Have proven the study hypothesis
61. If study findings are statistically significant, this implies that the:
A. Null hypothesis should be rejected
B. research hypothesis should be rejected
C. Null hypothesis should not be rejected
D. Research hypothesis should not be rejected
62. Parametric statistical tests would be appropriate for which of the following types of data?
A. Weight of the nearest pound
C. Gender
B. Religion
D. Patient's room numbers
63. Which of the following is true concerning nonparametric statistical tests?
A. Should always be used in
C. Are generally used with large
interval/ratio data
sample sizes
B. Estimate population parameters
D. None of the above
64. A research hypothesis states: Male appendectomy patients ask for more pain medication on the first postoperative day than female appendectomy patients. When the data are analyzed, the mean number of
requests for pain medication is 3.5 for males and 2.3 for females. The p value is calculated to be 0.04.
What decision should be made about the findings of this study?
A. Male appendectomy patients asked for significantly more pain medication on the first postoperative day than did female appendectomy patients
B. Female appendectomy patients asked for significantly more pain medication on the first postoperative day than did male appendectomy patients
C. There was no statistically significant difference in male and female patients' request for pain
medication on the first post-operative day after an appendectomy
D. No decision can be made about the difference in male and female appendectomy patients'
requests for pain medication on the first post-operative day
65.
66. Situation: Miss Sola was hired as a research assistant on a pilot project study while waiting for the
results of the Nurse Licensure Exam.
64. Nursing research is:
A. Concerned mainly with discovering the causes and treatment of disease
B. A systematic controlled, empirical and cultural investigation of natural phenomenal guided by theory
and hypothesis about the presented relation among the phenomena
C. Directed toward helping well people improve their health status and stay healthy, as well as assisting
clients who are sick and disabled by illness to maintain and improve their health
D. Systematic collection and critical evaluation of data relating to past events
65. This is a study in which the objective is to accurately identify characteristics of persons, situations or
groups and the frequency with which certain events or characteristic occur:
A. Experiment Research
C. Evaluation research
B. Descriptive Research
D. Quasi-Experimental
66. This is a study in which subjects cannot be randomly assigned to experimental conditions, although the
researcher control the independent variables:
A. Evaluation Research
C. Experimental Research
B. Descriptive Research
D. Quasi-Experimental Research
67.
68. Situation: You are to be chosen as part of the research team in the hospital. A review of the
following IMPORTANT nursing concepts was made:
67. A professional nurse can do research for varied reasons except:
A.
Professional advancement through research participation
B.
To validate results of new nursing modalities
C.
For financial gains
D.
To improve nursing care
68. Each nurse participants was asked to identify a problem and to gather related articles about the problem.
After identification of a research problem and gathering of related literature, which of the following should
be done?
A.
Data Collection
C. Acknowledgement
B.
Choosing appropriate research design
D. Hypothesis formulation
69. Which of the following communicate the results of research to the readers and facilitate the description of
data?
A.
Hypothesis
C. Research problem
B.
Statistics
D. Tables and graphs
70. In quantitative data, which of the following is described as the distance in the scoring units of the variables
from the highest to the lowest?
A.
Frequency
C. Median
B.
Mean
D. Range
71. Which of the following expresses the variability of the data in reference to the mean and provides us the
average of the distances of individual observations from a group?
C.
Mode
C. Median
D.
Standard deviation
D. Frequency
69.
70. Situation: Survey and statistics are important part of research that is necessary to explain the
characteristics of a population.
72.According to the WHO statistics on the homeless population around the world, which of the following
groups of people in the world disproportionately represent the homeless population?
A.Hispanics
C. African Americans
B.Asians
D. Caucasians
73.All but one of the following is not a measure of central tendency:
A.Mode
C. Standard deviation
B.Variance
D. Range
74.In the value: 87, 85, 88, 92, 90; what is the mean?
A.88.2
C. 87
B.88.4
D. 90
75.In the value: 80, 80, 80, 82, 82, 90, 90, 100; what is the mode?
A.80
C. 90
B.82
D. 85.5
76.Draw lots, lottery, table of random numbers or a sampling that ensures that each element of the population
has an equal and independent chance of being chosen is called:
A.Cluster
C. Stratified
B.Simple
D. Systematic
77.Which of the following statement is true?
A.The most reliable and accurate measure of central tendency is the mode
B.The standard deviation indicates how spread out scores are in a distribution
C.The type of graph that shows the relationship between two variables is a histogram
D.The range of group of scores shows the relationship between two variables
71.
72. Situation: As a nurse you are expected to initiate or participate in conducting research studies to
improve nursing practice. You have to be updated on the latest trends and issues affecting the
profession and the best practices arrived at by the profession.
73.
74. 78. You are interested to study the effects of meditation and relaxation on the pain experienced by cancer
75.
A. Dependent
C. Correlational
76.
B. Independent
D. Demographic
77.
79. You would like to compare the support system of patients with chronic illness to those with acute
78.
illness. How will you best state your problem?
79.
A. The Effect of the Type of Support System of Patients with Chronic Illness and Those
with Acute
80.
Illness
81.
B. A Descriptive Study to Compare The Support System of Patients with Chronic Illness
and Those
82.
with Acute Illness in terms of Demographic Data and Knowledge About
Interventions.
83.
C. A Comparative Analysis of the Support System of Patients with Chronic Illness and
Those with
84.
Acute Illness.
85.
D. A Study to Compare the Support System of Patients with chronic Illness and those with
Acute
86.
Illness.
87. 81. You would like to compare the support system of patients with chronic illness to those with acute
illness. What type of research is this?
90.
95.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
88.
A. Descriptive
C. Correlational
89.
B. Experimental
D. Quasi-experimental
82. You are shown a Likert Scale that will be used in evaluating your performance in the clinical area.
Which of the following questions will you not use in critiquing the Likert Scale?
91.
A. Is the instrument clearly described?
92.
B. If the Likert Scale is to be used for a study, was the development process described?
93.
C. Are the reliability and validity information on the scale describe?
94.
D. Are the techniques to complete and score the scale provided?
83. In any research study where individual persons are involved, it is important that an informed consent
for the study is obtained. The following are essential information about the consent that you should
disclose to the prospective subjects EXCEPT:
96.
A. Assurance of anonymity and confidentiality
97.
B. Explanation of procedure
98.
C. Consent to incomplete disclosure
99.
D. Description of benefits, risks and discomforts
Surveying clients knowledge of resources, identifying resource eligibility criteria, and comparing income
levels with agency fee structures are steps in which part of the grant proposal processes?
A. Budgeting
C. Needs assessment
B. Evaluation
D. program design
The diabetes clinician designs a study to examine how a consistent and structured educational interaction
between diabetes educators and hospitalized diabetes patients would affect the patients anxiety levels.
Two groups of patients, ages 30 to 80 years, are studied. The first group receives daily visits from the
same educator. The second group receives one visit of basic skills teaching. A standardized anxiety scale
is administered to both groups on admission and again after at least 3 days of hospitalization. Forty
patients admitted between September 1 and September 30 serve as subject for the first group, and 40
admitted between October 1 and October 30 serve as subjects for the second group. What are the
independent and dependent variables in this study?
A. Independent variable: daily interaction; Dependent variable; patient anxiety level
B. Independent variable: one visit of basic skills teaching; Dependent variable; daily interaction
C. Independent variable; patient anxiety level; dependent variable; daily interaction
D. Independent variable; patient anxiety level; dependent variable; visit of basic skills teaching
In the discussion section of a research article, the author states that the lack of statistical significance may
have been caused by the small sample size and suggests the need for replication of the study with a large
sample. In evaluating the authors statement, which statement is appropriate to consider?
A. An exact replication may produce the same results
B. If the study was otherwise well designed, replication may be advisable
C. Sample size is not related to statistical significance, so the authors suggestion is illogical
D. Sample size is not important if the appropriate statistical techniques are applied.
Statistical sources for population age distributions, and socioeconomic characteristics include:
A. census data
C. service utilization data
B. morbidity data
D. vital statistics
The most effective way to assess the health care needs of older persons in a community is to:
A. Conduct personal interviews with local health care professionals and social services staff.
B. Rely on intuitive impressions obtained from working with older persons
C. Review demographic data from the most recent census
D. Survey a random sample of adult children who do not reside in the community
100.
101. Situation: Many nurses left the country for better working conditions. Hospital and nursing school
administrators are questioning the commitment of professional nurses to their organization. Nurse
Carmencita was commissioned to conduct research amid this nursing crisis.
89. Which of the following will be the priority action of Nurse Carmencita?
A. Formulate and delimit the research problem
B. Formulate research hypothesis
C. Develop a conceptual framework of the study
D. Conduct literature search on the topic
90. A basic characteristic of a research problem is that it is researchable, which means that:
A. It can be investigated through the collection and analysis of data
B. It can make great topics for debate
C. It deals with philosophical or ethical issues
D. It has no practical significance
91. After the research problem and purpose increase in clarity and conciseness, Nurse Carmencita has
greater direction in determining the feasibility of the study which include:
A. 1,2,3
1. Time and money commitment
B. 1,2,4
2. Researchers expertise
C. 1,3,4
3. Availability of subjectis, facility and equipment
D. 1,2,3,4
4. Studys ethical considerations
92. After having acquainted herself with the library, Nurse Carmencita should make a list of key words to
guide her in the literature search. Possible key words that she can use in the search would include:
A. 1,2
1. Commitment
B. 1,3
2. Organizational commitment
C. 1,3,4
3. Nurses
D. 1,2,3,4
4. Nursing crisis
93. She considers accessing electronic database for her literature search. Which of the following is the most
appropriate database for nurses?
102.
A. ERIC
B. PsychINFO
C. MEDLINE
D. CINAHL
103.
94. Which law in the Philippines states that nurses have the duty to do research?
104.
A. R.A. 9106
106.
C. CMO 40, S. 2008
105.
B.
CMO 5, S. 2008
107.
D. R.A. 9173
108.
95. It involves withholding information about the study.
109.
A. Concealment
111.
C. Overt data collection
110.
B. Covert data collection
112.
D. Deception
113.
96. Informed consent in children is called:
114.
A. Decent
116.
C. Absent
115.
B. Assent
117.
D. Consent
118.
97. Which provided 21 guidelines in the conduct of biomedical research?
119.
A. Nuremberg code
121.
C. Declaration of Helsinki
120.
B. CIOMS
122.
D. Belmont report
123.
98. Disciplined research is:
124.
A. The most sophisticated way of knowing
125.
B. The most impressive way of knowing
126.
C. The most expensive way of knowing
127.
D. The most common way of knowing
128.
99. According to Treece and Treece, research is an attempt to:
129.
A. Gain knowledge from a professional group
130.
B. Gain solutions to problems
131.
C. Gain recognition for a researcher
132.
D. Gain findings to solve practical problems
133.
100. When research is systematic, it means that:
134.
A. Every step of the investigation is planned
135.
B. It is empirical
136.
C. It follows certain steps
137.
D. It has a flexible design
138.
139.

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49. The dependent variable is:

b. Correlated with a list of coping behaviors

c. Variable that is manipulated

e. A1 PASSERS TRAINING, RESEARCH, REVIEW AND DEVELOPMENT COMPANY

32. Considered as the most stable measure of central tendency.

A1 PASSERS TRAINING, RESEARCH, REVIEW AND DEVELOPMENT COMPANY

Review at an agency that receives federal money for research?

56. Correlation is a procedure used to determine if:

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