Escolar Documentos
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Cultura Documentos
Fall, 2001
Solution to Problem Set #3
Oct. 24 2001
Exercise 2 (page 46) (The problem is not restated.)
i. The variational equation is
a( w h , u h ) + ( w h , u h ) = ( w h , f ) + w h (0)h
Let u h = v h + g h , then,
a( w h , v h ) + ( w h , v h ) = ( w h , f ) + w h (0)h a ( w h , g h ) ( w, g h )
n
A =1
n
a ( c A N A , d B N B ) + ( c A N A , d B N B )
A =1
B =1
A =1
B =1
A =1
A =1
A =1
= ( c A N A , f ) + c A N A (0)h a ( c A N A , g h ) ( c A N A , g h )
c d (a( N
n
A =1
B =1
, N B ) + ( N A , N B ) ) = c A ( N A , f ) + N A (0)h a( N A , g h ) ( N A , g h )
A=1
A =1
K
B =1
AB
d B = FA
A = 1, , n
where K AB = a ( N A , N B ) + ( N A , N B ) .
e
The element stiffness matrix k e = k ab
is given as
[ ]
e
k ab
= a ( N a , N b ) e + ( N a , N 2 ) e
iii.
+1
+1
e
k ab
= N a , ( ) N b , ( )( x , ( )) 1 d + N a ( ) N b ( ) x , ( )d
1 h e
+
1 1 1 h e 2 1 h e
3
+
=
ke = e
1 2
1
he
1
1
6
h
+
h e
6
iv.
1 h e
e +
6
h
1 h e
+
3
he
K AB = a ( N A , N B ) + ( N A , N B ) = a ( N A , N B ) + ( N A , N B )
= a ( N B , N A ) + ( N B , N A ) = a ( N B , N A ) + ( N B , N A ) = K BA
wh = cA N A
A =1
c T Kc =
c A K AB c B =
A, B =1
c [a( N
A, B =1
, N B ) + ( N A , N N )] c B
A =1
B =1
A =1
B =1
= a ( c A N A , c B N B ) + ( c A N A , c B N B ) = a ( w h , w h ) + ( w h , w h )
1
= ( w,hx ) 2 dx + ( w h ) 2 dx 0
0
Assume c Kc = 0. Then,
1
(w{ )
h
,x
h 2
dx + ( w
{ ) dx = 0
(*)
So, wh (x) = 0, for all x [0, 1], which means that cA = 0, A = 1, , n. Therefore, c = 0.
It is unnecessary to use the boundary condition wh(1) = 0, as since l is positive, the
second term of (*) leads to wh = 0.
vi.
a (u u h , w h ) + (u u h , w h ) = 0
"wh Vh
a (u u h , g ) + (u u h , g ) = (u u h , y ) = u ( y ) u h ( y )
= e
e
e
exp( px 2 ) exp( px 2 ) c 2 d 2
Solve for the constant cs
c1
exp(2 px1e ) exp(2 px 2e )
e
e
px
px
exp(
2
)
exp(
2
)
1
2
We have
u h ( x) = d 1e N 1 ( x) + d 2e N 2 ( x)
where
exp( px1e ) exp( px) exp p( x1e + 2 x 2e ) exp( px)
N 1 ( x) =
exp(2 px1e ) exp(2 px 2e )
exp( px 2e ) exp( px) + exp p(2 x1e + x 2e ) exp( px)
N 2 ( x) =
exp(2 px1e ) exp(2 px 2e )
If we can show g Vh when y is a nodal point, the finite element solution is nodally
exact. (See vi.)
e py (1 + e py )
c3 =
( p 1)(e 2 py e 2 p )
e p ( y 2 ) (1 + e 2 py )
c4 =
( p 1)(e 2 py e 2 p )
Now we can show that g(x) can be represented as a linear combination of the basis
functions N1 and N2, i.e.,
e py px
(e + e px ) = AN 1 ( x) + BN 2 ( x)
g 1 ( x) =
p 1
g 2 ( x) =
e py (1 + e py )
e p ( y 2 ) (1 + e 2 py ) px
px
e
e = CN 1 ( x) + DN 2 ( x)
( p 1)(e 2 py e 2 p )
( p 1)(e 2 py e 2 p )
where
e py (e 3 px1 + e px2 )(e 2 px1 e 2 px2 )
A=
( p 1)(e 4 px1 e p ( x1 + 3 x2 ) )
e py (e px1 + e px2 )(1 + e 2 px2 )
B=
( p 1)(e 2 px1 + e 2 px2 + e p ( x1 + x2 ) )
e 2 py (e 2 px1 e 2 px2 )(e 3 px1 + e p ( 3 x1 + y ) + e p ( 2 + x2 + y ) + e p ( 2 + x2 + 3 y )
C=
( p 1)(e 4 px1 e p ( x1 + 3 x2 ) )(e 2 py e 2 p )
e 2 py (e px1 + e px2 )(e 2 px2 + e p ( 2 + y ) + e p ( 2 x2 + y ) + e p ( 2 + 3 y ) )
D=
( p 1)(e 2 px1 + e 2 px2 + e p ( x1 + x2 ) )(e 2 py e 2 p )
so that, if y is a nodal point, g Vh , and the finite element solution is exact at the
nodes.
u ( xae ) u h ( x ae ) = 0
Section 1.16 (page 49) (The problem is not restated.)
a. i. Assume u H2 is a solution of (S). Then, since u (1) = 0 and u,x (1) = 0, u S. For
any function w V,
1
w(EIu
, xxxx
f )dx = 0
Integrating by parts twice, and using the prescribed moment and shear boundary
conditions and that w (1) = 0, w,x (1) = 0,
1
, xx
Integrating by parts twice, and using the fact that w (1) = 0 and w,x (1) = 0,
1
= w( EIu , xxxx f )dx + w, x (0)( M EIu , xx (0)) w(0)(Q EIu , xxx (0))
0
Take w = ( EIu , xxxx f ) , where f is smooth, f(x) > 0 for x W, and f(1) = f,x(1) =
f(0) = f,x(0) = 0. Then,
1
0 = ( EIu , xxxx f ) 2 dx
14243
0
0
Since f > 0 on W,
EIu,xxxx = f
on W
Now, since in general, w(0) 0 and w,x(0) 0, we have
EIu xx (0) = M
natural boundary conditions
EIu , xxx (0) = Q
Therefore, u is a solution of (S).
b.
w h ( x) = c1 + c 2 x + c 3 x 2 + c 4 x 3
which must satisfy
w h ( x1 ) = c1 + c 2 x1 + c 3 x12 + c 4 x13
w h ( x 2 ) = c1 + c 2 x 2 + c 3 x 22 + c 4 x 23
w,hx ( x1 ) = c 2 + 2c 3 x1 + 3c 4 x12
w,hx ( x 2 ) = c 2 + 2c 3 x 2 + 3c 4 x 22
2
x 23 c 2 w h ( x 2 )
1 x 2 x 2
=
0 1 2 x1 3 x12 c 3 w,hx ( x1 )
h
2
0 1 2 x 2 3 x 2 c 4 w, 2 ( x 2 )
Solving for the cs, we get
x12 ( x1 3x 2 )
x1 x 22
x12 x 2
(3x1 x 2 ) x 22
h
h
h
h
w
x
w
x
w
x
w
x
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
1
2
,x
1
,x
2
h3
h3
h2
h2
c1
x (2 x1 + x 2 )
x1 ( x1 + 2 x 2 )
6x x
6x x
h
c w h ( x1 ) 1 2 w h ( x 2 ) 1 2 + w,hx ( x1 ) 2
+
w
x
(
)
,
2
x
h3
h3
h2
h2
2 =
x1 + 2 x 2
3( x1 + x 2 )
3( x1 + x 2 )
2 x1 + x 2
c 3
h
h
h
h
w
x
w
x
w
x
w
x
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
1
2
,x
1
,x
2
h2
h2
h3
h3
c 4
2
2
1
1
w h ( x1 ) 3 w h ( x 2 ) 3 + w,hx ( x1 ) 2 + w,hx ( x 2 ) 2
h
h
h
h
Now, we have
w h ( x) = N 1 ( x) w h ( x1 ) + N 3 ( x) w h ( x 2 ) + N 2 ( x) w,hx ( x1 ) + N 4 ( x) w,hx ( x 2 )
where
2 3 ( x x 2 ) 2 [h + 2( x x1 )]
x =
h3
h3
h3
h3
h3
x1 x 22 x 2 (2 x1 + x 2 )
x1 + 2 x 2 2 1 3 ( x x1 )( x x 2 ) 2
N 2 ( x) = 2 +
x
x + 2 x =
h
h2
h2
h
h2
x 2 ( x 3x ) 6 x x
3( x1 + x 2 ) 2 2 3 ( x x1 ) 2 [h 2( x x 2 )]
N 3 ( x) = 1 1 3 2 13 2 x +
x 3 x =
h
h
h3
h
h3
x12 x 2 x1 ( x1 + 2 x 2 )
2 x1 + x 2 2 1 3 ( x x1 ) 2 ( x x 2 )
N 4 ( x) = 2 +
x
x + 2 x =
h
h2
h2
h
h2
N 1 ( x) =
(3x1 x 2 ) x 22
6 x1 x 2
3( x1 + x 2 )
x2 +
N1e
N2e
x1
x2
1
N3
x1
N4e
0
x1
x2
x1
xA-1
xA
xA+1
xA-1
x2
xA
xA+1
x2