March 2014 Answer Physics

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Physics
Board Answer Paper: march 2014

Physics
SECTION I
Q.1. Attempt any SIX :
i.
a.
Suppose a capillary tube is dipped into water.
b.
Consider the situation before the movement of water inside the capillary. The shape of
the surface of water in the capillary is concave.
c.
Let us consider three molecules in the liquid as shown in the figure. Molecule A is just
above the curved surface inside the capillary. B is just below the curved surface inside
the capillary. C is just above the plane surface outside the capillary. D is just below the
plane surface outside the capillary.
[]
Capillary
A
B
C
D
[]
d.
e.
f.
g.
Let PA, PB, PC and PD be the pressures at points A, B, C and D respectively.

Since pressure on concave side of liquid surface is greater than on the convex side.
P A > PB
As the pressure is same on both sides of a plane surface,
P C = PD
PA = PC = atmospheric pressure
P D > PB
Though the points B and D are at same horizontal level in the liquid, the pressure at
point D is greater than that at point B. Therefore, the liquid cannot remain in
equilibrium and it flows into the capillary tube and rises above the point B, till the
pressure at B becomes the same as that at D. This is why liquid rises up inside the
capillary tube.
For mercury, liquid meniscus is convex, therefore pressure at a point just below the
curved surface is more than the point at same horizontal level outside the capillary, due
to which liquid flows outside the capillary and fall of liquid inside the capillary is
observed.
[]
[]
ii.
1650 K
1450 K
1250 K
1000 K
[2]

iii.
ve = 11.2 km/s, h
ve =
2 vc
vc =
ve
2
Board Answer Paper: March 2014

0, Critical velocity (vc) = ?
[]
11.2
1.414
= 7.92 km/s
Critical velocity of the body is 7.92 km/s.
[]
iv.
[1]
l = 47 cm = 0.47 m, d = 5 cm = 0.05 m, v = 348 m/s, Fundamental frequency (n) = ?

v
v
n=
=
2L 2(l + 0.6d)
n =
348
2(0.47 + 0.6 0.05)
348
2(0.47 + 0.03)
348
2(0.5)
[]
= 348 Hz
The fundamental frequency of air column is 348 Hz.
v.
a.
b.
[]
[1]
Let, P = pressure exerted by one mole of an ideal gas

V = volume of one mole of the gas
T = absolute temperature
Pressure exerted by gas is given by,
2
P = 1 Mc
where M = mass of one mole (molecular weight) of the gas.

PV =
c.
But for one mole of an ideal gas,
RT =
c2 =
1
Mc2
3
....(i)
[]
PV = RT
[From equation (i)]
3RT
M
d.
3RT
.(ii)
M
Equation (ii) represents required expression for r.m.s velocity of gas molecules.
As R and M in equation (ii) are constant,
c1
=
c2
1
Mc2
3
c=
[1]
T1
T2
[]

vi.
a.
Physics
Since, v = r ....(i)
dv
d
Differentiating equation (i) with respect to t, we get
=
( r )
dt
dt
dv
dr
d
=
+
r
dt
dt
dt
....(ii)
b.
dv
dr
d
= a,
= v and
=
But
dt
dt
dt
Equation (ii) becomes,
a = v + r
c.
[]
....(iii)
v is along the radius of the circle, pointing towards the centre, hence it is called
radial acceleration a R .
d.
aR = v
.(iv)
[]
r is along the tangent of the circumference of the circular path, hence it is called
tangential acceleration a T .
e.
aT = r
.(v)
[]
From equation (iii), (iv) and (v), we have, a = a R + a T
aR
aT
P
(Diagram not necessary)
Magnitude of resultant linear acceleration is given by | a | =

vii.
[]
m = 1 kg, l = 1 m, = 30, g = 9.8 m/s2, Centripetal force (FCP) = ?

mv 2
.(i)
i.
FCP =
r
ii.
v = rg tan
.(ii)
Substituting formula (ii) in (i),
FCP
a 2R + a T2
rg tan
[1]
r
= mg tan
= 1 9.8 tan 30
1
= 9.8
3
9.8
=
1.732
= 5.658 N
The centripetal force acting on stone is 5.658 N.
[]
[]
3
viii. M = 50 g = 50 103 kg, R = 2 cm = 2 102 m, L = 12 cm = 12 102 m,

Moment of inertia (I) = ?
R 2 L2
I = M
+
4 12
For a solid cylinder, its M.I. about an axis passing through centre perpendicular to its length,
22 122
2 2
I = 50 103 +
(10 )
4 12
4 144
7
= 50 +
10
4
12
= 50 (1 + 12) 107
= 650 107
= 6.5 105 kg/m2
Moment of inertia of given solid cylinder is 6.5 105 kg/m2.
[]
[]
[1]
Q.2. Attempt any THREE:

i.
a.
Let,
M = mass of the earth
R = radius of the earth
d = depth of a point from the surface of earth where g is to be found.
g = acceleration due to gravity on the surface of the earth.
gd = acceleration due to gravity at depth d.
GM
b.
At the surface of the earth, g = 2
R
d
R Rd
O
Earth
[]
c.
d.
e.
f.
If is density of the material of earth, then,

4
M = R3
3
4
G R 3
3
g=
R2
4
g = GR
....(i)
3
Let gd be acceleration due to gravity at a depth d below the surface of the earth. A body
at the depth d will experience force only due to the portion of the earth of radius
(R d).
The outer spherical shell, whose thickness is d, will not exert any force on body.
If M is mass of the portion of the earth, whose radius is R d, then
GM
gd =
(R d) 2
[]
[]

But, M =
4
(R d)3
3
4
G (R d)3
3
gd =
(R d) 2
gd =
g.
Dividing the equation (ii) by (i) we have,

4
G(R d)
R d
gd
= 3
=
4
R
g
GR
3
h.
ii.
Physics
4
G (R d)
3
....(ii)
[]
gd = g 1
....(iii)
R
Equation (iii) represents acceleration due to gravity at certain depth d.
From equation (iii), it is concluded that value of acceleration due to gravity decreases
with depth.
[1]
L = h = 1 m, F = 4.2 108 N, = 1.4 1011 N/m2, Lateral displacement (x) = ?

=
Fh
Ax
x=
Fh
A
[1]
4.2 108 1
x=
x = 3 103 m
x = 3 mm
The lateral displacement of top is 3 mm.
iii.
a.
Kinetic energy of particle executing S.H.M is given by, K.E. =
b.
Potential energy of particle executing S.H.M. is given by, P.E. =
c.
Total energy is the sum of K.E. and P.E.

T.E = K.E. + P.E.
1
1
= k (A2 x2) + kx2
2
2
1
1
= k [A2 x2 + x2] = kA2
2
2
1
T.E. = kA2
2
But k = m2
1
.(i)
T.E. = m2A2
2
[1]
(11) 1.4 1011
[1]
1
k (A2 x2)
2
[]
1
kx2
2
[]
Equation (i) represents total energy of particle executing S.H.M.
[]
Y
T.E = P.E + K.E
Total Energy
P.E
P.E
K.E
X
Energy
K.E
O
x
Displacement
+A
curve represents K.E

curve represents P.E
d.
e.
At mean position, total energy is purely kinetic and at extreme position, total energy is
purely potential.
At other positions, the kinetic and potential energies are interconvertible to each other
such that their sum is constant which is
f.
[]
1
kA2.
2
At two specific positions (C and D), the kinetic and potential energies are equal to each
other.
At such a point, say at a distance of x from mean position,
P.E. =
1 2
1
kx and K.E. = m2 (A2 x2)
2
2
P.E. = K.E.
1 2 1
kx = m2 (A2 x2)
2
2
kx2 + m2x2 = m2A2

m2 A 2
x2 =
k + m2
1/ 2
g.
iv.
m2 A 2
x =
.(ii)
2
k + m
Equation (ii) gives the displacement at which K.E. is equal to P.E.
The nature of graph of K.E. and P.E. against displacement is parabolic.
y = 0.05 sin 20 t , x = 5 m, t = 0.1 s, displacement (y) = ?

6
y = A sin 2 nt
Comparing with formula,

x
y = 0.05 sin 2 10 t
12
= 0.05 sin 2 10 0.1

12
= 0.05 sin 2 1
12
[1]
[1]
[]

= 0.05 sin 2
Physics
7
12
7
6
1
= 0.05
2
= 0.05 sin
Q.3. A.
[]
= 0.025 m
The displacement of the particle from origin is 0.025 m.
[1]
Parallel axes theorem:

The moment of inertia of a body about any axis is equal to the sum of its moment of inertia
about a parallel axis passing through its centre of mass and the product of its mass and the
square of the perpendicular distance between the two parallel axes.
Mathematically, IO = IC + Mh2
where IO = M.I of the body about any axis passing through centre O.
IC = M.I of the body about parallel axis passing through centre of mass.
h = distance between two parallel axes.
Proof:
i.
Consider a rigid body of mass M rotating about an axis passing through a point O as
shown in the figure.
Let C be the center of mass of the body, situated at distance h from the axis of rotation.
[1]
P(dm)
M
O
h
IO
IC
[]
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
Consider a small element of mass dm of the body, situated at a point P.

Join PO and PC and draw PD perpendicular to OC when produced.
M.I of the element dm about the axis through O is OP2 dm
M.I of the body about the axis through O is given by
IO = OP 2 dm
....(i)
M.I of the element dm about the axis through C is CP2 dm
M.I of the body about the axis through C
IC = CP 2 dm
....(ii)
[]
From the figure,

OP2 = OD2 + PD2
= (OC + CD)2 + PD2
= OC2 + 2 OC . CD + CD2 + PD2
2
CP = CD2 + PD2
OP2 = OC2 + 2 OC . CD + CP2
....(iii)
[]
7

vii.
From equation (i),

IO = OP 2 dm
From equation (iii),
IO = ( OC2 + 2 OC . CD + CP 2 ) dm
IO =
(h
+ 2hx + CP 2 dm
h dm + 2 h.x dm+ CP dm
= h dm + 2 h x dm + CP dm
IO = h dm + 2h x dm + I
IO = IC + h dm + 2 h x dm
Since dm = M and x dm = 0.
2
viii.
B.
[From equation (ii)]

....(iv)
algebraic sum of the moments of the masses of its individual particles about the centre
of mass is zero for body in equilibrium.
Equation (iv) becomes,
IO = IC + Mh2
Hence proved.
d = 0.25 mm
d
0.25
r= =
2
2
= 0.125 mm
= 0.125 103 m
T = 0.0245 N/m, h = 4 cm = 0.04 m, = 28, g = 9.8 m/s2, = ?
rhg
T=
2cos
2T cos
=
rhg
2 0.0245 cos 28
0.125 103 0.04 9.8
0.196 0.8829
=
0.02 9.8 103
[]
[1]
[1]
[1]
9.8 0.8829
9.8 103
= 882.9 kg/m3
The density of paraffin oil is 882.9 kg/m3.
OR
Q.3. A.
i.
Let,
T = tension in the wire
r = radius of cross section of wire
Y = Youngs modulus of material of wire
= density of the material of the wire
M = mass of the wire
m = linear density of wire
[1]
Physics
M
= r2 ....(i)
L
T
The stress in the wire = 2
r
ii.
M = (r2L) and m =
From equation (i),

stress
T
T
= 2 =
m
iii.
The fundamental frequency of vibration of the wire,

n=
1
2L
[1]
....(ii)
[1]
T
m
From equation (ii),

1
2L
stress
n=
iv.
As l is the elastic extension of the wire under tension T, strain = l /L.
[1]
stress
strain
l
stress = Y strain = Y
L
1
Yl
n=
2L L
Youngs modulus, Y =
B.
[1]
T2 90
9
=
= , L2 = (L1 0.2) m, Length (L1) = ?
T1 100 10
T = 2
T1 = 2
L
g
[1]
L1
L2
and T2 = 2
g
g
T2
L2
=
T1
L1
9
=
10
L1 0.2
L1
9
=
10
L1 0.2
L1
[]
Squaring both sides,

81
L 0.2
= 1
100
L1
81
0.2
=1
100
L1
0.2
81
=1
L1
100
0.2 100
= 1.05 m
19
The original length of the pendulum is 1.05 m.
[]
L1 =
[1]
9
Q.4. Select and write the most appropriate answer from the given alternatives for each
sub-question:
i.
(B)
[1]
ii.
(C)
[1]
iii.
(B)
[1]
iv.
(A)
[1]
v.
(B)
[1]
vi.
(D)
[1]
vii.
(B)
1 = 64 C, 2 = 50 C, t1 = 10 min,
3 = 42 C, t2 = 10 min
Now, 1 2 = 64 50 = 14 C and dt = 10 m
d 14
C/ min
=
dt 1 10
2 3 = 50 42 = 8 C and dt = 10 min
8
d
C/min
=
dt 2 10
( d / dt )1
( d / dt )2
14 10 7
=
10 8
4
[1]
SECTION II
Q. 5. Attempt any SIX :
i.
a.
Consider an electron of mass me and charge e revolves in a circular orbit of radius r
around the positive nucleus in anticlockwise direction, leading to a clockwise current.
+e
U.C.M of electron in an atom
b.
c.
d.
e.
10

The angular momentum of an electron due to its orbital motion is given by,
L0 = mevr .(i)
[]
For the sense of orbital motion of electron, the angular momentum vector L acts along
normal to the plane of the electron orbit and in upward direction.
Suppose that the period of orbital motion of the electron is T. Then the electron crosses
any point on its orbit after every T seconds or 1/T times in one second.
1
Magnitude of circulating current is given by, I = e
T
2r
But, T =
v
ev
1
I = e
=
2 r
2r / v
[]

f.
Physics
The magnetic dipole moment associated with circulating current is given by,
ev
r2
M0 = IA =
2 r
[ Area of current loop, A = r2]
g.
evr
.(ii)
2
Multiplying and dividing the R.H.S of equation (ii) by me,
e
mevr
M0 =
2m e
M0 =
h.
In vector notation,
M0 =
eL0
2m e
[]
.(iii)
e
M0 =
L0
2 me
The negative sign indicates that the orbital angular momentum of electron is opposite
to the orbital magnetic moment.
ii.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Photoelectric cell consists of an evacuated glass tube or bulb in which two electrodes, a
cathode C and an anode A are fixed.
The cathode is semicylindrical in shape and its concave surface is coated with a
photosensitive material like sodium or caesium.
The anode is in the form of platinum rod or wire which is fixed along the axis of the
cathode.
The glass tube is fitted on a non-conducting base fitted with two metal pins. The
cathode and the anode are internally connected to the pins, so that they can be
connected to the external circuit.
CA
[]
[]
[]
[]
light
Photoelectric cell
e.
iii.
The cathode is connected to the negative terminal and the anode to the positive terminal
of a strong d.c. source.
= 1.633, Polarising angle (ip) = ?

= tan ip
ip = tan1 (1.633)
ip = 58 31
Polarising angle is 58 31.
[]
[]
[]
[1]
11

iv.
1 = 2.4 105, T1 = 300 K, 2 = 3.6 105, Required temperature (T2) = ?

T = constant
1 T1 = 2 T2
T
T2 = 1 1
2
2.4 105 300
3.6 105
2 300
=
3
T2 = 200 K
The temperature at which the susceptibility will increase is 200 K.
v.
+
H.T
S2 Electron
beam
Electron gun
Movable
collector
To galvanometer
vi.
a.
vii.
12
Diffracted
electron beam
Electron detector
(Diagram and labelling) (1 + 1)
1
m , B = 4 103 T, e = 16 mV = 16 103 V, Number of revolutions (f) = ?
e = B f l2
e
f =
B l 2
[2]
[1]
[1]
l=
[1]
Nickel
Target
Transmitter:
i.
It converts the message signal produced by the source of information into a
form suitable for transmission through a channel and subsequent reception.
ii.
If the output of the information source is a non-electrical signal like a voice
signal, a transducer is used which converts it into electrical form before giving it
as an input to the transmitter.
Receiver:
i.
It is a device which extracts the original signal from the modulated signal.
ii.
It consists of a pick up antenna to pick up signal, demodulator, an amplifier and
the transducer.
iii. The receiver reconstructs a recognizable form of the original message signal for
delivering it to the user of information.
b.
[]
Evacuated
chamber
S1
L.T
[]
16 103
2
1
4 103

16
=
1
4
f = 4 Hz
The number of revolutions made by rod per second are 4.
[]
[]
[1]
Physics
viii. E = 2.072 eV = 2.072 1.6 1019 J, e = 1.6 1019 C, c = 3 108 m/s, h = 6.63 1034 J-s,
Wave number ( ) = ?
E = h =
hc
[]
1
E
=
ch
2.072 1.6 1019
=
3 108 6.63 1034
2.072 1.6
7
=
10
3
6.63
[]
= {antilog[log(2.072) + log(1.6) log(3.0) log(0.63)]} 107

= {antilog[0.3164 + 0.2041 0.4771 0.8215]} 107
= {antilog (1.2219) } 107
= 0.1666 107
= 1.67 106 m1
The wave number is 1.67 106 m1.
[1]
Q. 6. Attempt any THREE :

i.
a.
Amperes circuital law:
The line integral of magnetic field of induction B around any closed path in free
space is equal to absolute permeability of free space 0 times the total current flowing
through area bounded by the path.
Mathematically,
b.
v B . dl
d.
e.
f.
[1]
= 0I
A toroid is a long solenoid bent in the shape of a ring.
c.
The magnetic field around the toroid consists of concentric circular lines of force
around it. Magnetic field is produced, when a steady current I flows through toroid.
The direction of magnetic field at a point is along the tangent to the circular path at that
point.
Let r be the radius of the Amperian loop. This loop is concentric with the axis of toroid.
P is a point on the loop. We have to determine magnetic induction at P.
Applying Amperes law, we have,
v B . dl = 0NI
[]
.(i)
where, N = total number of turns in the toroid.

NI = total current flowing through toroid.
Now,
v B . dl = v B dl cos
.(ii)
[]
13

g.
But, B and dl are in same direction

= 0
cos = 1
Equation (ii) can be written as,
v B . dl
h.
Also
Bdl =
dl
.(iii)
v dl = 2r
From equation (iii),
v B . dl
ii.
= B (2r)
.(iv)
[]
i.
From equation (i) and (iv), we have,

B (2r) = 0NI
B=
j.
If n is the number of turns per unit length of toroid then n =
k.
From equation (v) and (vi), we have,

.(vii)
B = 0nI
Equation (v) and (vii) both represent magnetic induction at a point along the axis of
toroid.
0 NI
2r
.(v)
N
2r
.(vi)
m = 9.1 1031 kg, e = 1.6 1019 C, h = 6.63 1034 J-s, 0 = 8.85 1012 C2/Nm2, n = 2,
Radius of 2nd Bohr orbit (r2) = ?
n2 h2
rn = 0
me 2
r2 =
=
8.85 1012 22 (6.63 1034 ) 2

3.14 9.1 1031 (1.6 1019 ) 2
iii.
14
[1]
[]
8.85 4 (6.63) 2 1012 1068

3.14 9.1 (1.6) 2 1031 1038
8.85 4 (6.63) 2
1011
2
3.14 9.1 (1.6)
= {antilog[log(8.85) + log(4) + 2 log(6.63) log(3.14) log(9.1) 2 log(1.6)]} 1011
= {antilog[0.9469 + 0.6021 + 2 0.8215 0.4969 0.9590 2 0.2041]} 1011
= {antilog[1.3279]} 1011
= 21.27 1011
= 2.127 1010
r2 = 2.127
Radius of second Bohr orbit is 2.127 .
[1]
Working of forward biased P-N junction diode:

a.
A P-N junction diode is said to be forward biased when the positive terminal of the
battery is connected to P side of the junction and negative terminal to N side.
b.
The holes of the P-side are repelled by the positive terminal of the battery, while the
electrons of the N-side are repelled by the negative terminal of the battery. As a result
of this, some holes and free electrons enter the depletion region. Thus, the potential
barrier as well as the width of the depletion region are reduced.
[]
[]
[]
Physics
hole
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
P
P
+
+
+
+
Electron How
+
c.
d.
e.
f.
electron
Conventional
current
N
N
Electron flow
P-N
junction
diode
Forward
Biased
Forward
biased
P-N
junction
diode
When forward bias becomes equal to the barrier potential, large numbers of electrons
and holes cross the junction.
They recombine and large current flows through the diode.
After recombining the electrons leave the P-region and enter positive terminal of the
source. Thus continuous current is set up in the diode.
The forward current may be few milliampere to ampere. Thus, on forward bias, P-N
junction diode acts as closed switch and conducts heavily.
Working of reverse biased P-N junction diode:

a.
When the negative terminal of the battery is connected to P-side and positive terminal
to N-side, then P-N junction diode is said to be reverse-biased.
b.
While the holes of the P-side are attracted towards the negative terminal of the battery,
the electrons of the N-side are attracted towards the positive terminal of the battery.
Thus, the majority carriers are pulled away from the junction thereby increasing the
depletion region and the potential barrier.
c.
It becomes more difficult for the majority carriers to diffuse across the junction. But the
movement of minority carriers is helped by the potential barrier.
holes
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
[]
[]
[]
electrons
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Depletion
region
d.
e.
iv.
+
V
Reverse biased P-N junction diode
As soon as a minority carrier is generated, it is swept across the junction by the potential
barrier. At a given temperature, the rate of generation of minority carriers is constant. So,
the resulting current remains constant, whether the applied voltage is high or low. This
current is called reverse saturation current.
Since the number of minority carriers is small therefore, this current is small. This
current is of the order of 109 A in silicon diode. However in germanium diode, it is of
the order of 106 A.
C1 = C2 = C3 = C4 = 6 F = 6 106 F, V = 240 V,
The charge on each capacitor Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 = ?
The equivalent network for the given circuit is as follows:
C1= 6 F C2= 6 F C3= 6 F
C4= 6 F
240V
15
[1]
Equivalent capacity of three capacitors is given by,

1
1
1
1
=
+
+
C1
C2
C3
Cs
[]
1
1
1
+
+
6
6
6 10
6 10
6 106
3
1
=
=
6 106 2 106
=
1
Cs
Q.7. A.
Cs = 2 106 F
C4 is connected in parallel to the combination of C1, C2 and C3.
Cp = C4 + Cs = 6 106 + 2 106
Cp = 8 106 F
Equivalent capacitance,
Ceq = Cp = 8 106 F
Let potential across C1, C2, C3 be given by V1, V2, V3 respectively.
Also, C1 = C2 = C3 Hence, V1 = V2 = V3.
V 240
=
= 80 V
V1 =
3
3
Also charges Q1, Q2, Q3 on C1, C2, C3 respectively are same.
Q1 = Q2 = Q3 = Q
Q = C1 V1
= 6 106 80
= 48 105 C
Q = 4.8 104 C
Q1 = Q2 = Q3
= 4.8 104 C
The charge on capacitor C4 is Q4 and is given by,
Q4 = C4 V = 6 106 240 = 144 105
Q4 = 1.44 103C
The charge on C1, C2, C3 is 4.8 104 C and that on C4 is 1.44 103C.
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
Biprism experiment:
This experiment is used in the laboratory to measure the wavelength of monochromatic light.
Apparatus:
Monochromatic source (sodium lamp), optical bench, lens, micrometer, biprism etc.
Experimental arrangement:
S
B
L
S
A
i.
ii.
16
A1
The apparatus are arranged as shown in the figure.
A long rail called optical bench is fitted with a scale, a slit (S), biprism (B), convex lens
(L) and micrometer eye piece (E).
[]

iii.
Physics
They are mounted vertically on the optical bench with the help of stands such that each
stand can be adjusted in a vertical, lateral as well as longitudinal direction so that
perfect axial alignment can be achieved.
Each stand can be rotated about vertical axis passing through itself.
iv.
Adjustment:
i.
Optical bench is leveled with the help of leveling screws. Stands are leveled at same
horizontal plane.
ii.
Slit is made narrow, biprism is kept with its refracting edge parallel to the slit.
Procedure:
i.
A narrow vertical slit S is illuminated by a source of monochromatic light. The biprism
B is placed close to the slit S.
ii.
When light from S falls on the refracting edge of the prism then due to refraction, two
virtual images S1 and S2 of the slit S are formed.
iii. These images are in the plane of the slit, quite close to each other and act as two
coherent sources of light.
iv. The waves from these sources interfere with each other and form interference fringes.
v.
The eye piece (E) carrying micrometer is kept at large distance from the biprism. The
interference pattern is observed through (E).
S1
[]
[]
[]
Interfering region
d S
S2
B
Ray diagram of biprism experiment
S1, S2: Virtual images of the source
B: Biprism,
E: Eye-piece
Determination of X:
i.
To measure the band width, a vertical cross wire of the micrometer is adjusted on one
bright band and the micrometer reading x1 is noted.
ii.
Similarly the cross wire is adjusted on 2nd, 3rd and 4th bright bands and the
corresponding micrometer readings x2, x3, x4, are noted.
iii. The difference (x2 x1), (x3 x2), (x4 x3), etc, gives the band widths. The mean of
these band widths is the width X of fringe.
[]
Determination of d:
S2
S1
d
d1
S2
u
Magnified
image
S1
Formation of magnified images
S1
S2
d2 Diminished
image
S1
d
S2
u
[]
Formation of diminished images
17

i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
Conjugate foci method is used in the determination of d. A convex lens (L) of suitable
focal length is fixed between the biprism and eyepiece on the optical bench.
The convex lens is moved, towards the slit till the magnified images of S1 and S2 are
seen. The distance between them is measured say d1.
Now, move the convex lens away from the slit till the diminished images of S1 and S2
are seen. The distance between them is measured, say d2.
The distance between S1 and S2 is given by the formula, d = d1d 2
Determination of the distance between source and eyepiece (D):

It can be read directly from scale attached to the optical bench.
Determination of :
Since band width is given by X =
D
d
Xd
D
Substituting value of d, we get
=
X d1d 2
D
Putting value of x, d1, d2 and D wavelength can be measured exactly.

Precautions:
i.
Distance between the slit and focal plane of eyepiece should be greater than four times
the focal length of convex lens.
ii.
Optical bench should be horizontal.
B.
vg =
vw vg =
c
c
w g
1
1
2.7 107 = c
1.333
1.5
1.5 1.333
= c
1.333 1.5
0.167
2.7 107 = c
1.333 1.5
1.33 1.5 2.7 107
c =
0.167
= {antilog[log(1.333) + log(1.5) + log(2.7) log(0.167)]} 107
= {antilog[0.1249 + 0.1761 + 0.4314 1.2227 ]} 107
= {antilog[ 0.7324 1.2227 ]} 107
= 33.33 107
c = 3.333 108 m/s

Velocity of light in air is 3.333 108 m/s.
18
[]
[]
c
c
and vw =
g
w
g = 1.5, w = 1.333, vw vg = 2.7 107 m/s, Velocity of light in air (c) = ?

c
=
v
c
c
and w =
g =
vg
vw
[]
[]
[]
[]
[1]
Physics
OR
Q.7. A.
Principle:
It is based on the principle of mutual induction i.e. whenever the magnetic flux linked with a
coil changes, an e.m.f is induced in the neighbouring coil.
Construction:
i.
A transformer consists of two sets of coils P and S insulated from each other. The coil
P is called the primary coil and coil S is called the secondary coil.
ii.
The two coils are wound separately on a laminated soft iron core.
iii. The a.c input voltage is applied across the primary and the induced output a.c voltage is
obtained across the secondary, which is used to drive current in the desired circuit.
iv. The two coils are electrically insulated from each other but they are magnetically
linked.
v.
To minimise eddy currents, the soft iron core is laminated.
[]
[]
[]
Soft iron core

Input a.c.
voltage
S
Load
[]
core
Working:
i.
When an alternating voltage is applied to the primary coil the current through the coil
goes on changing. Hence, the magnetic flux through the core also changes.
ii.
As this changing magnetic flux is linked with both the coils, an e.m.f is induced in each
coil.
iii. The amount of the magnetic flux linked with the coil depends upon the number of turns
of the coil.
iv. Let, be the magnetic flux linked per turn with both the coils at certain instant t.
v.
Let NP and NS be the number of turns of primary and secondary coil,
NP = magnetic flux linked with the primary coil at certain instant t
NS = magnetic flux linked with the secondary coil at certain instant t
vi. Induced e.m.f produced in the primary and secondary coil is given by,
dP
d
eP =
= NP
.(i)
dt
dt
d
d
eS = S = NS
.(ii)
dt
dt
vii. Dividing equation (ii) by (i), we have,
eS
N
= S
.(iii)
eP
NP
Equation (iii) represents equation of transformer.
N
The ratio S is called turns ratio (transformer ratio) of the transformer.
NP
19
[]
[]
viii. For an ideal transformer,

Input power = Output power
ePIP = eSIS
eS
I
= P
IS
eP
ix.
From equation (iii) and (iv), we get,
[]
.(iv)
eS
N
I
= S = P
IS
eP
NP
B.
[]
R2 = 11, l1 = 45 cm = 45 102 m, l2 = 100 l1 = 100 45 = 55 102 m,

Resistance of metal ring (R1) = ?
R1 l1
=
R 2 l2
Resistance of each half segment of the metal ring =
R2
and these half segments are
2
connected in parallel in the left gap.
R1 R1
R1 R1
2
2
2
Reff. =
= 2
R1 R1
R1
+
2
2
Reff. =
[1]
R1
From the formula,

R eff . l1
=
R2
l2
[]
R1
4 = 45
11 55
[]
R1
9
=
44 11
R1 =
R1 = 36
Resistance of the metal ring is 36 .
9
44
11
Q. 8. Select and write the most appropriate answer from the given alternatives for each
sub-question:
i.
(A)
[1]
[1]
ii.
(C)
[1]
iii.
(D)
[1]
iv.
(C)
[1]
20

v.
Physics
(A)
1
1
1
= R 2 2
n
p
(For transition, p = 1, n = 2)
1
1 3
= R 1 = R
4 4
4
3R
For transition, p = 1, n = 3
1
1
= R 1
8R
9
9
=
8R
=
9 / 8R
=
4 / 3R
=
27
27
=
32
32
vi.
(C)
vii.
(A)
[1]
[1]
1
D
=
1.22 5.5 107
1.22
= 1.49 106 = 0.149 107
R.P. =
[1]
21

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March 2014 Answer Physics

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Target Publications Pvt. Ltd.

Board Answer Paper: march 2014

Let PA, PB, PC and PD be the pressures at points A, B, C and D respectively.

Target Publications Pvt. Ltd.

Board Answer Paper: March 2014

l = 47 cm = 0.47 m, d = 5 cm = 0.05 m, v = 348 m/s, Fundamental frequency (n) = ?

Let, P = pressure exerted by one mole of an ideal gas

where M = mass of one mole (molecular weight) of the gas.

But for one mole of an ideal gas,

[From equation (i)]

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Equation (ii) becomes,

From equation (iii), (iv) and (v), we have, a = a R + a T

Magnitude of resultant linear acceleration is given by | a | =

m = 1 kg, l = 1 m, = 30, g = 9.8 m/s2, Centripetal force (FCP) = ?

Target Publications Pvt. Ltd.

Board Answer Paper: March 2014

viii. M = 50 g = 50 103 kg, R = 2 cm = 2 102 m, L = 12 cm = 12 102 m,

Q.2. Attempt any THREE:

If is density of the material of earth, then,

Target Publications Pvt. Ltd.

Dividing the equation (ii) by (i) we have,

L = h = 1 m, F = 4.2 108 N, = 1.4 1011 N/m2, Lateral displacement (x) = ?

Kinetic energy of particle executing S.H.M is given by, K.E. =

Potential energy of particle executing S.H.M. is given by, P.E. =

Total energy is the sum of K.E. and P.E.

(11) 1.4 1011

Target Publications Pvt. Ltd.

Board Answer Paper: March 2014

Equation (i) represents total energy of particle executing S.H.M.

curve represents K.E

kx2 + m2x2 = m2A2

y = 0.05 sin 20 t , x = 5 m, t = 0.1 s, displacement (y) = ?

Comparing with formula,

= 0.05 sin 2 10 0.1

Target Publications Pvt. Ltd.

Parallel axes theorem:

Consider a small element of mass dm of the body, situated at a point P.

From the figure,

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Board Answer Paper: March 2014

From equation (i),

[From equation (ii)]

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From equation (i),

The fundamental frequency of vibration of the wire,

From equation (ii),

As l is the elastic extension of the wire under tension T, strain = l /L.

Squaring both sides,

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Board Answer Paper: March 2014

U.C.M of electron in an atom

(Diagram not necessary)

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(Diagram not necessary)

= 1.633, Polarising angle (ip) = ?

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Board Answer Paper: March 2014

1 = 2.4 105, T1 = 300 K, 2 = 3.6 105, Required temperature (T2) = ?

(Diagram and labelling) (1 + 1)

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= {antilog[log(2.072) + log(1.6) log(3.0) log(0.63)]} 107

Q. 6. Attempt any THREE :

A toroid is a long solenoid bent in the shape of a ring.