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KEKUATAN GESER TANAH

(SHEAR STRENGTH of SOIL)

DR. IR. IMAM ASCHURI

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KEKUATAN GESER TANAH

(SHEAR STRENGTH)
Tujuan Pembelajaran
Dapat menjelaskan kriteria keruntuhan serta konsep kuat geser
tanah
Dapat menjelaskan prosedur pengujian kuat geser tanah dan
interpretasi hasilnya

Pokok Bahasan
Kriteria keruntuhan tanah
Kohesi dan sudut geser dalam tanah
Uji Kuat Geser Tanah di Laboratorium dan interpretasinya

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DEFINISI :
Perlawanan internal tanah tiap satuan luas terhadap
keruntuhan atau pergeseran sepanjang bidang runtuh
dalam satu elemen tanah

Tujuan Studi Kuat Geser Tanah :

Untuk analisis masalah kestabilan tanah seperti: daya
dukung pondasi; stabilitas lereng (landslide stability);
tekanan tanah aktif/pasif pada konstruksi dinding
penahan tanah (turap, retaining wall)

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APLIKASI

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Kekuatan geser tanah terbentuk oleh 3

komponen:
1. Komponen gesekan/friksi
2. Kohesi dan Adhesi
3. Interlocking antar partikel tanah

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Dasar Teori (Hukum Gesekan Newton):

H > W
H < W
H = W

Geser
Diam
Labil

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Kriteria Keruntuhan
Kriteria keruntuhan Mohr
Keruntuhan pada Material diakibatkan oleh kombinasi
kritis antara teg. normal dan geser yang dinyatakan
dalam bentuk:

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Kriteria keruntuhan Mohr-Coulomb

Keruntuhan pada Material diakibatkan oleh kombinasi
kritis antara teg. normal dan geser serta sifat-sifat
mekanis tanah yang dinyatakan dalam bentuk:

f = Teg. Geser pada waktu

runtuh
c = Kohesi
= Sudut geser dalam
= Teg. Normal

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B
C

Keruntuhan geser tidak

akan terjadi pd massa
tanah
Keruntuhan geser akan
terjadi pd massa tanah
Teg normal dan teg geser
tdk akan terjadi karena
keruntuhan geser telah
terjadi terlebih dahulu pd
bidang massa tanah

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Bidang Keruntuhan
Akibat Geser
Teg normal dan teg geser
pada bidang runtuh:

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Kriteria keruntuhan Mohr-Coulomb:

Pada saat runtuh

f = n

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Untuk harga-harga 3 dan c tertentu, kondisi runtuh akan

ditentukan oleh harga minimum dari tegangan utama besar
1, bila harga 1 minimum, maka harga
pada persamaan (1) haruslah maksimum, sehingga

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Bila harga = 45 + /2 di inputkan ke dalam persamaan (1)

dan kemudian disederhanakan akan menjadi:

Akan tetapi persamaan (2) juga dapat dengan mudah

diturunkan dengan menggunakan lingkaran Mohr dan ilmu
ukur sederhana

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BeberapaCaraPenentuan(Pengujian)
KekuatanGeserTanah:
1.UjiGeserLangsung(directsheartest)
2.UjiTriaxial(triaxialtest)
3.UjiKuatTekanBebas
(unconnedcompressivestrengthtest)
4.UjiVaneShear

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UjiGeserLangsung
(DirectShearTest)

Ni:
Ti.

A
Si

BebanVerKkal(normal)
: gayahorisontalyangdiperlukan
untukmenggeserring(tanah)
: luaspenampangtanah
: lintasanyangdiperlukansampaitanahtergeser

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Direct Shear Test pada Tanah Pasir

HasilUji

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Direct Shear Test pada Tanah Lempung

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UJI GESER LANGSUNG (DIRECT SHEAR TEST)

CONTOHTANAHPASIR
LuasSample:A=(5.08*5.08)cm2
Arah Normal

Arah Geser

Gaya

Tegangan

Gaya

Tegangan

kg

kg/cm2

kg

kg/cm2

0.348751

5.44

0.210924

14

0.542501

8.30

0.32166

32

1.240002

19.10

0.739993

45

1.743753

27.26

1.056638

No. Uji

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UJI GESER LANGSUNG (DIRECT SHEAR TEST)

CONTOHTANAHLEMPUNG
DiameterSample:D=5.08cm
Arah Normal

Arah Geser

Gaya

Tegangan

Gaya

Tegangan

kg

kg/cm2

kg

kg/cm2

27

1.374545

14.06

0.715782

40

2.036363

18.06

0.919418

47

2.392727

20.41

1.039054

54

2.749091

22.43

1.141891

No. Uji

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Diagramtegangangeservs
perubahanEnggi,bendauji
karenapergerakanmenggeser
untuktahanpasirpadatdan
lepas(ujigeserlangsung)

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Halumumyangdapatditarikdarigambardiatasberkaitandenganvariasi
tegangangeserpenghambatdanperpindahangeser,yaitu:
1. Padapasirlepas(renggang),tegangangeserpenahanakan
membesarsesuaidenganmembesarnyaperpindahangesersampai
tegangantadimencapaitegangangeserruntuh.Setelahitu,besar
tegangangeserakankirakirakonstansejalandengan
bertambahnyaperpindahangeser.
2. Padapasirpadat,teganganpenghambatakannaiksejalandengan
membesarnyaperpindahangeserhinggategangangeserruntuh
(maksimum)1tercapai.Harga1inidisebutsebagaikekuatangeser
puncak(peakshearstrength).Bilateganganruntuhtelahdicapai,
makategangangeserpenghambatyangadaakanberkurangsecara
lambatlaundenganbertambahnyaperpindahangesersampaipada
suatusaatmencapaihargakonstanyangdisebutkekuatangeser
akhirmaksimum(ulKmateshearstrength).

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UjiTriaxial(TriaxialTest)
TigaEpestandardariujitriaxialyang
biasanyadilakukan
1. Consolidateddrainedtestatau
drainedtest(CDtest)
2. Consolidatedundrainedtest(CU
test)
3. Unconsolidatedundrainedtest
atauundrainedtest(UUtest)

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PrinsipUjiTriaxial

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PerbedaanTipeStandardPengujianTriaxial
Confining Pressure

Shear Pressure

Jenis Uji

Kran

Teg. Air Pori (u)

Kran

Teg. Air Pori (u)

CD

Buka

u = uc = 0

Buka

u = uc + ud = 0

CU

Buka

u = uc = 0

Tutup

u = uc + ud = 0

UU

Tutup

u = uc

Tutup

U = uc + ud

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GariskeruntuhanuntukteganganefekEfdariujiCDpadapasirdan
lempungNC

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HasilUjiTriaxialCD

GariskeruntuhanuntukteganganefekEfdariujiCDpadaLempungOC

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ContohUjiTriaxial1:
Hasilujitriaxialcaraairteralirkanterkonsolidasi(CD)padatanahlempungNC
adalahsebagaiberikut:
3
=276kN/m2
(d)f =276kN/m2
Tentukan:
a.SudutGeser,
b.Sudut(sudutantarabidangkeruntuhandenganbidangutamabesar/major
principalplane)

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Penyelesaian:

UntuktanahNC,persamaangariskeruntuhannyaadalah:
1=tan
Padaujitriaxialbaikteganganutamabesarmaupunkecilpadasaatterjadi
keruntuhanadalah:
1=1+3+((d)f=276+276=552kN/m2
Dan
3=3=276kN/m2

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UJI KUAT TEKAN BEBAS

( UNCONFINED COMPRESSION TEST)