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Crossplots
Overview
This section of the documentation introduces you to the Crossplot
application, provides links to common workflows (the How Do I...?
section), and provides links to the details of crossplot behavior and
functionality. The intent of this section is to get you creating crossplots
which are at least sufficient for your needs in the least amount of time.
The Crossplot application has a great deal of functionality. This document
tries to detail all the functionality, but may not explicitly describe all the
ways that the many functions can be used together. You are encouraged to
try what you conceive of, even though you may not see it described here.
There is a good chance that you can actually do what you would like.
Using Crossplots
In the simplest case crossplots are just x-y plots of data. The data in a
single display can be from one or more wells, and can also be from one or
more intervals in those wells. In PetroWorks, an interval can be the entire
depth of the well, a depth-restricted interval, or one or more named
intervals (StratUnits) in the well. Often, a third quantity (the z-axis
quantity) can be shown on the plot by using the color of the points to reflect
the z-axis values. Crossplots are used in PetroWorks to display log and core
data. Other applications can plot seismic values against the log data.
Crossplots are useful as a means of data pattern recognition. Because our
brains are better at discerning patterns in images than looking for patterns
in rows or columns of numbers, crossplots provide the means to quickly
discover patterns in the data that have geological or geophysical meaning.
Numerical algorithms can be derived from or inferred from those patterns
in order to provide quantitative results from qualitative observations of the
data in the crossplots.
Some of the more common uses of crossplots are
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Crossplots: Overview
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Crossplot Features
This release of Crossplot features a completely new user interface that is
more efficiently organized than in previous versions, in a tabbed window
format. Parameters are appropriately grouped together and are intelligently
defaulted to help you produce usable displays in less time.
Crossplot enables you to
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generate x/y or x/y/z plots of data from one or more wells over one
or more intervals, while identifying the source of the data by
symbol or color;
Crossplots: Overview
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Crossplots: Overview
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Crossplots: Overview
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Workflow
The following flowchart provides an overview of the features available
in Crossplot.
Start Crossplot
Touch Setup
Enter another
application or exit
OpenWorks
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Crossplots: Overview
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To Close Crossplot
On the main Crossplot window, select File > Exit. The Exit Crossplot
window appears.
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Crossplots: Overview
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When two crossplots are displayed on the same screen, the Z-axis color
associated with last plot you displayed shows up on the first plot you
displayed. All other display colors are unaffected by changes made to color
parameters in other Crossplots.
When you exit each Crossplot application, you have the option to EXIT and
SAVE Configuration. Be aware that the session parameters for each
Crossplot are written to the same file, params.xpt_cfg. Therefore, if you
instruct each Crossplot to EXIT and SAVE Configuration, the last crossplot
you exit is the last to write to params.xpt_cfg. You can control which crossplot
parameters are saved to the file by using EXIT and SAVE Configuration for
only one instance, and using EXIT and DO NOT SAVE Configuration for
all other instances.
Crossplots: Overview
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How Do I...?
This page is meant to be the starting point for users who are familiar
with earlier versions of PetroWorks' Crossplot application, or are
familiar with crossplots in general. The hyperlinks in the two workflow
categories below will take you to one-page procedures which describe
the answer to the How do I? question posed as the title of this
section.
The results from each workflow should give you a satisfactory answer
to the question, although the final results may not be exactly what you
want. Once you have an initial result, you can look at the detailed parts
of the documentation to determine how to modify the parameters to get
exactly the results that you need.
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Sub-Tab
Crossplot
Crossplot: Plot
Parameters tab
Displaying Histograms
Displaying a crossplot in 3D
Other Plots
Discriminators tab
Defining Discriminators
Overlays
Overlays: Neutron/
Density/Sonic/Pe tab
Displaying Porosity/Lithology
Overlays
Statistics: Gradient
Methods tab
Statistics
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Documentation Section
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Item selection
Items in the list are selected by clicking once on the item.
Multiple items which are contiguous can be selected by clicking on the
first item, then clicking on the last item in the group while holding
down the Shift key.
Multiple items which are not contiguous can be selected by holding
down the Control key while clicking on the items.
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Search causes the next item in the list which matches the text in the
Text Box to be highlighted in red text.
Filter causes the list to be reduced to only those entries which match
the text in the Text Box.
Reset causes the list to be returned to its original contents and order.
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User information
Immediately below each list there is a display that shows the number of
items that:
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For example, if the null value for the curve is -999.25, set the
discriminator value for the curve to -999. (Remember that in
OpenWorks it is possible for every curve to have a different null
value. In practice, the null value is usually -999.25)
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The other functional change is that if the Color of the data points is set
to Z-Axis, the data points that are grey are those that are null.
Regression fits will use these points. This highlights an ambiguity in
the use of the color grey. The use of a polygon in crossplot or
equivalent filtering mechanisms in histograms and log plots will turn
excluded points grey. These grey points will NOT be used in
regression fits
2.
3.
Move the mouse to where you want the next polygon vertex, and
click MB1 again. Continue clicking MB1 to add sides to the
polygon. There is no provision to backstep through a polygon to
remove line segments. If you make a mistake in placing a polygon
vertex, you must delete the polygon and start over. (Sorry...)
4.
To close the polygon, click MB2 after you have defined the last
polygon vertex. PetroWorks will automatically close the polygon
by completing the polygon side from the last vertex that you
created to the first vertex. Any displays will then be redrawn to
reflect the active and inactive points.
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1.
2.
When you move your mouse over a well, a horizontal line will
appear in the wells display. Position the cursor at the depth that
you want, and click MB1.
3.
Move the cursor to the next depth and click MB1. When you click
MB1, Log Tracks (and any other open graphics windows) will
redraw to either show active and inactive points, or will redraw
with only active points. The selection can be made in any order
(top depth, then bottom; or bottom depth, then top).
4.
5.
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1.
Click on the Enable Value Bounding icon for the curve in the axis
(or for the optional curve) that you want to bound.
2.
Move your cursor to the histogram in any of the wells, position the
cursor over the first value that you want, and click MB1.
3.
Move your cursor over the second value that you want, and click
MB2. Histograms (and any other open graphics windows) will
redraw with only active points. The selection can be made in any
order (left value, then right; or right value, then left).
4.
5.
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An interpretive example:
One way to determine formation water resistivity (Rw) is to plot
calculated Apparent Water Resistivity (Rwa) against the gamma ray.
Low values of gamma ray indicate clean zones or reservoirs, while
high values of gamma ray usually indicate non-reservoirs or shales. At
the same time, low values of Rwa indicate a good estimate of the
formation water resistivity. A cluster of points of low Rwa and low
gamma ray is generally an indication of a good estimate of Rw. By
creating a polygon around those points in the crossplot, the points can
be identified as active in Log Tracks, helping to confirm the Rw value.
(Are the points at the bottom of the reservoir in what might be the water
zone, or scattered throughout the formation?) A histogram of Rwa will
be redrawn using only those active points, and the best value of Rw can
be estimated from the most likely value of Rwa on the histogram.
A polygon encloses the
points with the lowest
gamma ray and Rwa values.
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Color=Interval; Symbol=Well
Interval: Total Well Interval,
some StratUnits are selected.
All points in the well are plotted.
Points outside the selected
intervals are plotted in gray.
Color=Well; Symbol=Well
Interval: Total Well Interval, no
StratUnits selected.
All points in the well are plotted.
Color=Interval; Symbol=Well
Interval: Intervals, with some
StratUnits selected.
Only points in the selected
StratUnits are plotted.
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Selecting Fonts
You can select a font from a list of 13 fonts The default font in
Crossplot is Roman Simplex. The following table provides an example
of the available fonts.
To select a font, click on the drop-down box that contains the font
name. Position the cursor over the desired font and press MB1 to select
it.
Font Name
Roman Simplex
Script Simplex
Roman DuplexS
Italic DuplexS
Roman Duplex
Italic Duplex
SanSerif Duplex
Script Duplex
Roman Complex
Italic Complex
German Gothic
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Font Name
English Gothic
Italian Gothic
Selecting Symbols
You can chose a symbol from a palette of 121 symbols. To change the
well symbol, click on the arrow next to the symbol to access the symbol
palette. Position the cursor over the desired symbol and press MB1 to
select it.\
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When you locate a point in one of the three displays, the information is
broadcast to any of the other Crossplot displays that is open.
The Line Color and Fill Color of the Located Point symbol can be
specified in the Crossplots frame of the Crossplot: Plot Parameters
tab of the Setup window.
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Located Point
Point Information
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Workflow Details
This section and the following Crossplot Application Details are the
heart of the reference part of this documentation. This section provides
the details of the workflows addressed in the How Do I...? section.
3.
3.
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NOTES:
If you start with the crossplot defaulted to a blank plot, the Scales From column in Crossplot:
Data Display will be defaulted to Curve Dictionary for each axis. The numbers in the Bottom/
Left Value and Top/Right Value columns (which indicate the scale endpoints) will NOT reflect
the Curve Dictionary values.
The Curve Dictionary entries are built for log displays. For some curves, such as the porosity
curves, the crossplot scales are reversed from the log display scales. For those curves, select
Inverted Dictionary for the Scales From selection.
You can enter your own scale values by first selecting User Selected in the Scales From
selection, then entering the Scale Type and scale values.
Did you get a reasonable crossplot? If not, read on in the documentation, or go to page 16, which
is the starting point to get to more detailed instructions.
If you got a crossplot and are still feeling lucky, you can go to other tabs and try adding other
features to the crossplot, or try bringing up the Log Tracks or Histograms displays. Remember
that Guide to Crossplot Features will guide you to detailed instructions for each of the features
in Crossplot.
One hint on using the other features in Crossplot: Make sure that after you've set up the parameters
for the features that you want, the button corresponding to that feature is clicked ON in the Active
Components frame at the right side of the Setup window.
2.
3.
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4.
Click on the Pickett 1 Point Mode button on the right side of the
Crossplot Main Window. As you move the cursor into the
crossplot area, a line appears on the plot. Move the line until most
of the points on the plot lie above and to the left, then click MB1 to
set the line on the plot. The line should go through the waterbearing points in the formation. See the following figure as an
example.
5.
Read the value of formation water resistivity, Rw, from the box on
the Pickett Plot Parameters window, or from the lower-left corner
of the crossplot display. The display also shows lines of decreasing
water saturation, against which the points can be compared.
See Pickett Plot window for details about using Pickett Plots and
the Pickett Plot functionality in Crossplot.
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1.
In the Wells and Intervals tab select the wells that you want to
use and pick Total Well Interval for the interval to be plotted.
2.
In the Crossplot > Data Display tab, select the quantity from
which you want to determine the shale value on the y-axis, and the
select the shale indicator (gamma ray or SP) on the x-axis. If you
are determining a shale resistivity, use a logarithmic y-axis to
account for the normally wide range of resistivity values.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Read the shale values of the quantities from the cursor position, or
from the values shown on the histograms.
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2.
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3.
4.
A mix of quartz
and calcite.
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Crossplot window
The figure below illustrates the CrossPlot main window.
Main Menu
Setup window
access
Polygon & Zoom
Icons
Status Bars
Status Area
The Wells and Intervals tab, Crossplot: Data Display tab, and
Crossplot: Plot Parameters tab sections of this documentation
describe how to create a crossplot.
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Clear Status Area clears the status area at the bottom of the
window.
Icon list
Polygon Icons
The Polygon tools enable you to select points from the crossplot by
drawing inclusive or exclusive polygons and cancel the polygon.
Zoom Icons
You can zoom in on the crossplot display be creating a zoom box which
defines the limits of the zoom.
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Pickett 1 Point: draws the water-bearing line through a userspecified location using the current m value to determine the slope
of the line.
Cancel Pickett: removes all water saturation lines from the plot.
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Status Bars
The top Status Bar shows:
Zoom Window.
Status Area
A variety of messages are shown here which tell you what data has
been used for the plots, and the results of your activities in Crossplot
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Zoom Icons
Depth
Bounding
Icons
Log Tracks
Display Area
Status Bars
Status Area
The Other Plots: Log Tracks tab section describes how to define and
display log tracks in Crossplot.
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Close closes the Log Tracks window. To keep the Log Tracks
window from reappearing when the Setup window Apply button
is pressed. Click the Log Tracks checkbutton in the View frame of
the Active Components frame in the Setup window.
Crossplots: Crossplot Window Descriptions
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View
Zoom expands the depth scale of the plot without making the plot
wider. At least 10 levels of zoom are available. These menu items
provide the same functionality as the zoom icons.
In increases the zoom by a fixed amount.
Out decreases the zoom by a fixed amount, one zoom step at
a time.
Cancel cancels the zoom and returns the plot to its original
display.
Options
Cursor Tracking sets the readout of the cursor position in
the Status Bars
Curve Values shows the values of the curves at the
position of the cursor.
Position shows the scale values at the position of the
cursor
Icon List
Zoom
The Zoom icons provide the same functionality as the View > Zoom
menu.
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Zoom Out contracts the depth scale by a fixed amount (one zoom
step at a time) while leaving the plot width the same.
Cancel Zoom cancels the zoom and returns the plot to its original
state.
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Depth Bounding
Depth Bounding allows you to set a depth range in each well which
identifies data in this plot and any others that are open. The icons
provide the same functionality as the Depth Bounding menu items.
The Depth Bounding in Log Tracks section explains how to use depth
bounding.
Status Bars
The Status Bars show the either the Curve Values or the Scale Values of
the displayed curves, depending on the setting of the Options > Cursor
Tracking menu item.
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Status Area
A variety of messages are shown here which tell you what data has
been used for the plots, and the results of your activities in the
Crossplot application.
Z-Axis Marker Highlights Points in Log Tracks.
If you create a Marker in the Z-Axis Color window (in the Crossplot: Data Display tab, Curve
Attributes frame), and move the Marker over the Z-Axis Color Bar, the corresponding points in
the 3D Crossplot and Log Tracks will be highlighted.
The behavior will only happen if the 3D Crossplot and Log Tracks windows are on the same
screen as the main Crossplot window.
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Histogram Window
The figure below illustrates the Histogram window.
Main Menu
X-Axis bounding
Y-Axis bounding
Z-Axis bounding
OptCurve 1 bounding
OptCurve 2 bounding
OptCurve 3 bounding
Histogram
Display Area
Status Bar
Status Area
The Other Plots: Histograms tab section describes how to define and
display histograms in Crossplot.
View
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Icons
There are six sets of icons: for the three axes and the three optional
curves. The histograms in the icons are color-coded to the histogram
colors of their respective histogram rows, as well as being labeled for
the curve positions shown in the Setup window Other Plots:
Histogram tab.
Value Bounding
Value bounding allows you to set limits of the values for valid data for
each histogram curve. The icons perform the same function as the
options in the View menu.
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Well B
Well n
Well C
X-Axis Curve
...
Y-Axis Curve
...
Z-Axis Curve
...
...
...
...
...
Cumulative Composite
...
...
...
Opt. Curve 3
Status Bar
The Status Bar shows the curve value and distribution value in the
histogram in which the cursor is placed.
Status Area
A variety of messages are shown here which tell you what data has
been used for the plots, and the results of your activities in the
Crossplot application.
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Number of points in
each column
Number of points in
each row
Number of points in
each cell, shown in
Single Character
mode (using Roman
Numerals for ranges of
numbers).
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Numbers along the top edge of the plot which indicate the total
number of points in each column.
Numbers along the right edge of the plot which indicate the total
number of points in each row.
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3D Crossplot window
The figure below illustrates the 3D Crossplot window.
Main Menu
Polygon and
Zoom
View Rotation
Special
Functions
Cube Face
Status Bar
Status Area
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View. See the illustrations in the Cube Orientation section which show
rotation directions.
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Cube Faces immediately snaps the view so that you are looking
directly at the face of the cube that you have selected.
Front snaps the cube to the front face view.
Back snaps the cube to the backface view.
Left snaps the cube to the left face view.
Right snaps the cube to the right face view.
Top snaps the cube to the top face view.
Bottom snaps the cube to bottom face view.
Note that the plotted points are opaque, so viewing the cube
from a different angle may obscure features such as
highlighted and active points.
Polygon enables you to select data by drawing a polygon on the
3D Crossplot. The polygon is projected through the entire 3D
view, perpendicular to the view. If the view is rotated after the
polygon is created, the polygon outline will disappear, but the
points will retain (and show) their activity state.
Inclusive makes the points inside the polygon active.
Exclusive makes the points outside the polygon active.
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Cube Orientation
Y Rotation Axis
Y-Axis
X Rotation Axis
X-Axis
Z Rotation Axis
180
View Point
Azimuth 45 Inclination 40
90
270
40
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Icons
All the icons on the interface are equivalent to items in the Main
Menu: View option. The icon pictures and their descriptions are listed
in the Main Menu section immediately above.
Status Bar
The Status Bar shows the azimuth and inclination of the data cube.
Status Area
A variety of messages are shown here which tell you what data has
been used for the plots, and the results of your activities in the
Crossplot application.
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Parallel Method
3D
Display
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Stereo
Display
With the parallel method, you view the 3D Display window with your
left eye and the Stereo View window with your right eye. Because the
distance between the center of the eyes is approximately 3 inches and
because the lines of sight between the eyes must remain parallel, resize
each window so that it is about 3 inches square (or less). Make sure you
Sync Window before attempting to view the cubes.
1.
2.
3.
4.
While maintaining the distant focal point, move your eyes to the
third image on the screen. You may need to shift your position
forward or back, but when the screen is at the right position, your
eyes should focus automatically and the three-dimensional image
will come into view.
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Cross-eyed Method
3D
Display
Stereo
Display
With the cross-eyed method, you view the 3D Display window with
your right eye and the Stereo View window with your left eye. Because
the lines of sight of each eye is not parallel, you can adjust the 3D
Display and Stereo Display to larger sizes than the parallel method.
Make sure you Sync Window before attempting to view the cubes.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Maintain your focus on your finger tip and look at the screen.
5.
Move your finger forward and back and until you see three images
of the cube.
6.
While maintaining the focal point, look at the third image. The
image should appear to be three-dimensional.
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Display Window
Status Bar
Status Window
The Second Dimension Plot allows you to see one sample of a twodimensional curve at a time. The Other Plots: Second Dimension
Plot tab section describes how to define and display two-dimensional
data.
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Close closes the 2nd Dimension Plot window. To keep the 2nd
Dimension Plot window from appearing the next time you press
the Setup window Apply button, you must also turn off 2nd
Dimension Plots with either the Display Second Dimension Plot
button on the Other Plots: Second Dimension Plot tab or the 2nd
Dimension button in the View frame in the Active Components
frame on the Setup window.
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Depth Readout
This area shows the Current Depth of the data in the display, the depth
limits of the curve (Top: and Bottom:), and arrow buttons that allow
you to move up or down to the next data sample.
Display Window
The Display Window shows one sample from the second dimension
curve, over the curve value (Y-axis) and index value (X-axis) ranges
specified in the Second Dimension Plot tab on the Setup interface.
The curve identifier and the current depth are displayed above the
display grid, and the units of measurement (uom) of the curve is also
displayed.
Status Bar
The Status Bar shows the curve value and index value of the position
of the cursor.
Status Window
A variety of messages are shown here which tell you what data has
been used for the plots, and the results of your activities in the
Crossplot application.
Understanding the Second Dimension Plot Display
When displaying data in Second Dimension Plot, the Multi-D Curve Selection
window will only show curves from the first well that has been selected.
The window initially displays the Top Depth as the current depth for selected
curve unless you have picked a depth in the main Crossplot window. The Bottom
Depth value is also displayed. The well name is displayed at the top of the grid in
the color you specified for the well in the Crossplot: Plot Parameters pane.
The curve name and curve itself are displayed in the color you selected in the
Crossplot: Plot Parameters pane. The y axis is the range of Second Dimension
Values you specified or (default) the curves Min Value (See Value StorageUom)
and Max Value as shown in the OpenWorks Well Data Manager.
The x axis is the range you specified for the Second Dimension Index or (default)
zero to the Second Dimension Npts value as specified in the OpenWorks Well
Data Manager.
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Setup window
This section details the functionality and behavior of components on all
16 tabs and the Active Components frame in the Setup window.
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Definition
Default
Log Tracks
Turns Log Tracks off or on. Uses the display parameters which
are currently active.
Off
Histograms
Off
Frequency
Turns the Frequency Plot off or on. Uses the display parameters
which are currently active.
Off
3D Crossplot
Off
2nd Dimension
Turns the 2nd Dimension Plot off or on. Uses the display
parameters which are currently active.
Off
Centroid
Turns the Centroid off or on. The Centroid shows the average
value for all active points on the crossplot.
Off
Statistics frame
Component
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Default
Regression
Lines
Off
Gradient
Methods
Off
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Definition
Default
Discriminators
Off
Color
Z-Axis
Symbol
Well
Overlays frame
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Component
Definition
Neu/Den/Son/Pe
Turns the lithology line and mineral point overlays off or on. Uses
the display parameters which are currently active. The available
overlays are for the following crossplots: Neutron-Density,
Neutron-Sonic, Sonic-Density, and Spectral Density (RHOB-Pe).
The overlays are also selectable on the basis of the acquisition
(service) company source and the vintage of the logging tool.
Overlays respond to changes in fluid properties.
Off
Apparent
Matrix
Turns the mineral triangle and mineral point overlays off or on.
Uses the display parameters which are currently active. Two
mineral triangles are available, with the vertices of the triangles
determined from the list of minerals, including two user-specified
minerals.
Off
M-N Lithology
Turns the mineral triangle and mineral point overlays off or on.
Uses the display parameters which are currently active. Two
mineral triangles are available, with the vertices of the triangles
determined from the list of minerals, including two user-specified
minerals.
Off
User Overlay
Turns all the selected user overlays off or on. Uses the display
parameters which are currently active. Up to 5 user overlays can
be displayed at one time
Off
Default
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Definition
Default
Send
Information
Off
Create Flag
Curve
Opens the Create Flag Curve window. The window provides for
a user-named curve with values of 1 for active points and zero for
inactive points on the crossplot.
Off
Pickett Plot
Off
Off
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1.
Click on one or more wells in the Well List on the left side of the
window to select them. (See the following Well Selection frame
section for well selection details.)
2.
3.
4.
When you have selected the wells and intervals that you want,
either
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Total Well Interval plots data from the selected wells over the
interval in each well which contains valid data.
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Type the curve identifier (Alias, Name, or Details) in the text box,
or click the ellipsis (...) button to the right of the x-axis text box in
the Curve column. The Curve Selection window appears.
a. If you are using the Curve Selection window, select the curve
selection method, either Curve Aliases, Curve Names, or
Curve Details.
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b. Click once on the curve that you want in the x-axis. The curve
populates the X-Axis Curve text box in the Data Display tab.
(Scales From should be defaulted or set to Curve Dictionary
for the most common scale endpoints.) Some curves, like the
bulk density and acoustic (sonic) traveltime need to have
Scales From set to Inverted Dictionary to plot in an industrystandard format.)
c. Without closing the Curve Selection window, click on the
ellipsis (...) button to the right of the Y-Axis Curve text box.
Click once on the curve that you want in the y-axis.
2.
3.
You can optionally add titles to the x- and y-axes, change the
default crossplot title, and add a single line of user annotation at
the bottom of the crossplot.
4.
When you have selected the wells and intervals that you want,
either:
a. Go to another tab to continue defining the crossplot parameters
and functionality, if you have not done so already, or
b. Click the Apply button at the bottom of the window to
generate the crossplot.
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User-Specified
Increment text box
Resample to Axis
Curve
Inactive
User-Specified
Increment
Inactive.
User-Specified Increment text box allows the user to specify the data
increment to be used when User-Specified Increment is selected in
Set Sample Increment. The measurement units are shown. The default
is:
0.5 feet when measurement systems using depth in Feet are used,
and
Curve From indicates the axis on which the curve will be displayed.
Curve text entry box allows the entry of the curve (Alias, Name, or
Details) directly in the text area.
Ellipsis () button invokes the Curve Selection window and
refocuses the window when it is active. See the Curve Selection
window section of the documentation for information about the
different methods by which you can select log curves.
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Scales From buttons determine where the scale values for each curve
come from. Selections here have effects on other window items:
Option
Scale
Type
Bottom/Left
Value
Top/Right
Value
Divisions
Inactive*
Inactive*
Active
Inactive*
Inactive*
Inactive*
Active
Active
Inactive*
Inactive*
Active
Active
Inactive*
Inactive*
Active
Active
Active
Active
Active
* The text field will NOT show the correct scale value for the selected option.
Scale Type determines the type of scale on which the curve will be
plotted. It can be either Linear (default) or Log (logarithmic).
Bottom/Left Value is the scale value at the left side of the x-axis or the
bottom of the y-axis. Its value is determined by the Scales From
selection, with optional user input. The text box will NOT reflect the
correct value unless the Scales From option is set to User Selected.
Top/Right Value is the scale value at the right side of the x-axis or the
top of the y-axis. Its value is determined by the Scales From selection,
with optional user input. The text box will not reflect the correct value
unless the Scales From option is set to User Selected.
UOM shows the units of measurement for the curve on each axis.
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Divisions sets the number of scale divisions for a linear scale. When a
logarithmic scale is chosen, the decades are automatically determined,
but the number in this box will determine the linear placement of the
scale values. For a pleasing presentation, set this number to the number
of decades on the logarithmic axis. The Divisions field accepts whole
numbers only.
Grid Color invokes the color palette from which to select a color for
the x- and y-axis gridlines. Both are defaulted to a medium gray.
Z-Axis Color replaces the Grid Color buttons for the z-axis. This
button invokes the Z-Axis Color Bar, and allows the user to select a
range of colors or a set of colors to represent the values displayed on
the z-axis. See the Z-Axis Color Bar section in this documentation for
more details.
Display Grid allows the grid to be turned off or on for the x- and yaxes. The feature is not available for the z-axis.
Resample to Axis determines the curve to be used as the framework
for plotting the data, when Set Sample Increment is set to Resample
to Axis Curve. The data in the plot will be resampled to the framework
(data spacing) from the curve in the selected axis.
Overlay Current Well on Cumulative Crossplot plots the well
designated as the Current Well in OpenWorks' Project Status over
the data from any other wells selected to be plotted. The active well is
shown in the color specified in the Well Colors and Symbols frame in
the Crossplot: Plot Parameters tab, while the other plotted wells are
shown in the color specified for Inactive Points in All Points frame of
this tab.
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Font allows the user to choose the font style of the optional axis labels
from the standard PetroWorks list.
Size allow the user to set the size of the optional axis labels along the xand y-axes.
Color allows the user to choose the font color of the optional axis
labels from the color palette.
Title frame
The text box provides text entry for the optional crossplot title. The
title is defaulted to the form
<x-axis curve>/<y-axis curve>/<z-axis curve> crossplot
as for example
Neutron/Bulk_Density/GR crossplot.
Position allows the Title to be placed at the Top of the crossplot
(default) or the Bottom of the crossplot.
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Font allows the user to choose the font style of the Title from the
standard PetroWorks list.
Size allow the user to set the size of the Title.
Color allows the user to choose the font color of the Title from the
color palette.
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Set the representation of the symbol and its color for each point on
the crossplot,
Determine the colors of a located point when Using the Locate
Point Mode option,
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You can also change the representation of data points in wells and
intervals by modifying the symbols for each well and interval, and
setting the color and size of each symbol.
The Crossplot window, Histogram Window, and Log Tracks
window sections show and describe the windows that are affected by
the parameters on this tab.
a Well (default),
an Interval, or
This button duplicates the action of the Color button in the Crossplot
Points frame of the Active Components frame of the interface.
Point Symbol determines what the point symbol in the crossplot
represents. The symbol representation of a point on the crossplot can
represent
a Well, or
an Interval (default).
This button duplicates the action of the Color button in the Crossplot
Points frame of the Active Components frame of the interface.
See Appendix 2: Crossplot Display Behavior for a detailed
description of how Point Color, Point Symbol, and Interval interact
to affect the colors of points in the crossplot.
History Insertions provides either
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Located Point This allows the user to get information about any point
in crossplot. If you Shift-MB1 on or near any point in a crossplot, the
following information about the point will be displayed in the
Crossplot Status Area at the bottom of the crossplot window: Well
(which the point is in); x-axis value; y-axis value; z-axis value; depth;
status (is the point active in the plot (true) or inactive (false)). The
Using the Locate Point Mode section provides more details of the
functionality.
Line Color controls the color of the line of the Located Point symbol.
Fill Color controls the color of the fill in the Located Point symbol.
Plot Centroid shows or hides the centroid on the crossplot. Setting this
button also sets the Centroid button in the View frame of the Active
Components part of the interface. The centroid is the location of the
mean values of the active points of the crossplot on the x and y axes.
Zoom Window
Border Color allows the user to set the color of the border of the
zoom window.
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Logic sets the interaction of the polygon in the crossplot and the
polygon in the 3D crossplot.
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All Data (default) treats all data as active even if it outside the
crossplot display range (for example, data points that fall outside
of the minimum and maximum display scale values). So all data
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Symbol shows the symbol currently selected for each well, and
allows the user to change individual symbols by access to the
symbol palette.
Color shows the color of the symbol currently selected for each
well, and allows the user to change the symbol color by access to
the color palette.
Size shows the size of the symbol currently selected for each well,
and allows the user to change the size by typing in a new value in
the text box or by using the arrows to change the size by tenths.
The items in this table can't be searched, filtered, or sorted.
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Use the following procedure to plot the logs. Using the default settings
for the components on this pane will generally produce an acceptable
log plot.
0.
If you want to plot only the curves displayed in the crossplot, make
sure that the Display Curve buttons for each axis curve are on,
and click the Display Log Tracks button in the top left of the tab
to turn it on. Then, either go to another tab to continue to specify
Crossplot functionality, or click the Apply button.
Alternately:
1.
The x-, y-, and z-axis curves are automatically selected for
plotting. Click the Display Curve button in the curve row if you
don't want a specific curve plotted.
2.
To plot optional curves, type the curve name in the appropriate text
box or select the curve by clicking the ellipsis (...) button to the
right of the Curve text box, set the curve selection method in the
Curve Selection window that appears (Curve Alias, Curve Name,
or Curve Details) and select the curve.
a. Change the curve color or track location, if you want, by
clicking on the Curve Color or Track (1-3) buttons.
b. The curve plotting scales are defaulted to come from the Curve
Dictionary (in which the scales are set up for log plotting). You
can change the way the scales are set by selecting other default
methods in the Scales From column, or you can pick User
Selected in that column and then set the Scale Type, Left
Scale, and Right Scale.
3.
Click the Display Log Tracks button in the top left of the tab to
turn it on.
4.
When you have selected the curve and display parameters that you
want, either
a. Go to another tab to continue defining the crossplot parameters
and functionality, if you have not done so already, or
b. Click the Apply button at the bottom of the window to
generate the log tracks.
See the Log Tracks window section shows and describes the Log
Tracks window.
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Scales From buttons determine where the scale values for each curve
come from. Selections here have effects on other window items:
Option
Inactive*
Inactive*
Inactive*
Inactive*
Inactive*
Active
Inactive*
Inactive*
Active
Inactive*
Inactive*
Active
Active
Active
* The text field may not show the correct scale value for the selected option.
Scale Type determines the type of scale on which the curve will be
plotted. It can be either Linear (default) or Logarithmic.
Left Scale is the scale value at the left side of the log track. Its value is
determined by the Scales From selection, with optional user input.
Right Scale is the scale value at the right side of the log track. Its value
is determined by the Scales From selection, with optional user input.
UOM display shows the units of measurement for the curve on each
axis.
Divisions sets the number of scale divisions for a linear scale. When a
logarithmic scale is chosen, the decades that are displayed are
determined from the scale values.
Grid Color invokes the color palette from which to select a color for
both the depth and scale axes. The color is defaulted to a medium gray.
Display Grid checkbutton turns all grids in all tracks of all well
displays off or on.
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Displaying Histograms
Histograms for a given well are displayed vertically with the x-, y-, and
z-axis curves at the top of the column and the optional curves below. If
you have selected more than one well, the histograms of the wells will
be plotted sequentially (horizontally) with the data from each well in its
own column. In addition, cumulative and composite histograms will be
created for each curve, and will appear in each row of histograms in the
display.
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Use the following procedure to plot the histograms. Using the default
settings for the components on this tab will generally produce an
acceptable set of histograms.
0.
Alternately:
1.
The x-, y-, and z-axis curves are automatically selected for
plotting. Click the Display Histogram button if you don't want a
specific histogram plotted.
2.
3.
4.
Click the Display Histograms button in the top left of the pane to
turn it on.
5.
When you have selected the histogram display parameters that you
want, either
a. Go to another tab to continue defining the crossplot parameters
and functionality, if you have not done so already, or
b. Click the Apply button at the bottom of the window to
generate the histogram.
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Scale Type
Left Scale
Right Scale
Inactive*
Inactive*
Inactive*
Inactive*
Inactive*
Inactive*
Active
Inactive*
Inactive*
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Option
Scale Type
Left Scale
Right Scale
Active
Inactive*
Inactive*
Active
Active
Active
* The text field will not show the correct scale value for the selected option.
Scale Type determines the type of scale on which the histogram will be
plotted. It can be either Linear (default) or Logarithmic.
Left Scale is the scale value at the left side of the histogram. Its value is
determined by the Scales From selection, or by typing in a number
when Scales From is set to User Selected.
Right Scale is the scale value at the right side of the histogram. Its
value is determined by the Scales From selection, or by typing in a
number when Scales From is set to User Selected.
UOM shows the units of measurement for the curve on each axis.
Classes sets the number of classes (histogram bars) for a linear scale.
Display Grid checkbutton turns all grids in all tracks of all well
displays off or on.
Grid Color invokes the color palette from which to select a color for
the histogram axes. The grids are defaulted to a medium gray.
Cumulative Histogram Only checkbutton sets the histogram display
to produce only the cumulative and composite histograms for each
curve type, without displaying the histograms from the curves in
individual wells.
Overlay Current Well on Cumulative Histogram overlays each
curve from the current well (as chosen in OpenWorks Project/Project
Status) on its respective cumulative histogram.
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0.
If you want to create a frequency plot using the curves that you
have already selected for the standard crossplot, click the Display
Crossplot in Frequency Format button in the top left of the tab to
turn it on. Then, either go to another tab to continue to specify
other Crossplot functionality, or click the Apply button.
Alternately:
1.
The x-, y-, and z-axis curves that will be plotted are the ones that
you selected in the Crossplot: Data Display tab. If you want to
use other curves in this plot, go back to that tab and change the
selected curves.
2.
In the Data frame, you can select to have the actual data points
plotted with the frequencies, select the minimum frequency to be
plotted, set the posted values to be the actual numbers of points in
each cell or be represented by a single character (Roman numeral),
and determine how the color of the frequency is displayed.
3.
4.
5.
When you have set the frequency crossplot parameters that you
want, either
a. Go to another tab to continue defining the Crossplot
parameters and functionality, if you have not done so already,
or
b. Click the Apply button at the bottom of the window to
generate the frequency plot.
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Data frame
Display Individual Data Points with Frequency Data creates an
overlay of the frequency data on the standard crossplot.
Minimum Frequency Displayed allows the user to determine the
minimum frequency number that is displayed in each division.
Increasing the number above 1 lessens the visual clutter caused by
divisions with small populations, and may improve the user's ability to
interpret the data.
Posted Values provides a toggle between posting the actual number of
points in a division, and posting a single character which represents the
number of points in the division. This can be used to lessen visual
clutter in the display.
1 to 9
Numerals 1 to 9
10 to 49
Roman Numeral X
50 to 99
Roman Numeral L
100 to 499
Roman Numeral C
500 to 999
Roman Numeral D
Roman Numeral M
Color determines the color of the characters in each division from the
associated color palette when Color Value From is set to Single Color.
Font sets the font of the characters in each division from the standard
font set.
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Font Size sets the size of the characters in each division and the row
and column sums in the display.
Grid frame
Display Grid Line checkbutton turns the frequency plot gridlines off
or on. The standard crossplot gridlines must be turned off or on in the
Crossplot/Data Display tab.
X-Axis Divisions sets the number of divisions along the x-axis. It is
defaulted to 20 divisions.
Y-Axis Divisions sets the number of divisions along the y-axis. It is
defaulted to 20 divisions.
Grid Line Style sets the style of the frequency plot gridlines. It is
defaulted to a solid line.
Grid Line Color sets the color of the frequency plot gridlines from the
standard color palette. It is defaulted to red.
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Displaying a crossplot in 3D
Use the following procedure to create a 3D crossplot. Using the default
settings for the components on this tab will generally produce an
acceptable 3D crossplot.
0.
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If you want to create a 3D crossplot using the curves that you have
already selected for the standard crossplot, click the Display 3D
Crossplots: Crossplot Window Descriptions
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Crossplot button in the top left of the tab to turn it on. Then, either
go to another tab to continue to specify other Crossplot
functionality, or click the Apply button.
Alternately:
1.
The x-, y-, and z-axis curves that will be plotted are the ones that
you selected in the Crossplot: Data Display tab. If you want to
use other curves in this plot, go back to that tab and change the
selected curves.
2.
Set the attributes in each of the frames on this tab to meet your
needs. The left-hand column contains attributes that set the display
parameters of the 3D crossplot, and the right-hand column
contains attributes that determine how the crossplot is rotated. The
following section explains each of the attributes in detail.
3.
4.
When you have set the 3D crossplot parameters that you want,
either
a. Go to another tab to continue defining the Crossplot
parameters and functionality, if you have not already done so,
or
b. Click the Apply button at the bottom of the window to
generate the 3D crossplot in a separate window.
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Point Color shows each data point in the same color as in the
standard crossplot.
Single Color defines the color of all the points when Color Type
is set to Single Color.
Display Axes checkbutton turns on or off the x-, y-, and z-axes from
the origin of the plot.
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Front Edge Color sets the color of the non-axis edge of the cube
closest to the user from the standard color palette.
Other Edge Color sets the color of the non-axis edges of the cube
that are not the front edge.
Hidden Line Style sets the style of any cube edges that are
behind but visible through the data cube.
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X-Axis Rotation sets the amount of rotation of the cube in the X-Z
plane.
Y-Axis Rotation sets the amount of rotation of the cube in the Y-Z
plane.
Z-Axis Rotation sets the amount of rotation of the cube in the XY plane.
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3D Crossplot Display
Azimuth = 320 degrees
Inclination = 20 degrees
No Perspective view
Perspective view
Factor = 15
Perspective view
Factor = 80
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Perspective view
Factor = 45
Perspective view
Factor = 90
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1.
Either type the name of the curve that you want to display in the
text box or click the ellipsis (...) button to open the Curve
Selection Window. Only multidimensional curves will be shown
in the list.
2.
Set the scale values for the curve, and the other display parameters.
The attributes are explained in detail in the following section.
3.
Click on the Display Second Dimension Plot button in the top left
corner of the tab to turn it on.
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Visualization
When you have set the second dimension plot parameters that you
want, either
a. Go to another tab to continue defining the Crossplot
parameters and functionality, if you have not done so already,
or
b. Click the Apply button at the bottom of the window to
generate the second dimension plot.
Lowest Scale Value sets the lowest displayed index value for the
curve.
Highest Scale Value sets the highest displayed index value for the
curve.
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Lowest Scale Value sets the lowest displayed value for the curve.
Highest Scale Value sets the highest displayed value for the curve.
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Display Grid checkbutton sets the display of the grids in both the
index and value scales.
Curve Color sets the color of the curve from the standard color
palette.
Grid Color sets the color of the index and value scale grids from
the standard color palette.
Discriminators tab
Discriminators are either constant values or curve values to which
curves are compared, for the purpose of including or eliminating a set
of data from being plotted or active in the Crossplot, 3D Crossplot,
Log Tracks, and Histograms.
Data which does not meet the discrimination criteria is not plotted on
the Crossplot, is plotted in gray on the Log Tracks, and is not included
in the Histogram.
One example of the use of a discriminator is to eliminate bulk density
readings from a plot when the density correction reading is above a
certain value. In this case (when the density correction is high), the
values of bulk density have the potential for higher error in their values.
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Defining Discriminators
Use the following procedure to define discriminators.
1.
Click the ellipsis (...) button to the right of the Curve text box to
start the Curve Selection Window, and select the curve you want
to use as a discriminator, or just type the curve information in the
text box. The curve does NOT have to be a curve used in any of
the plots in Crossplot.
2.
3.
4.
Click the Enable Discriminators button in the top left of the tab
to turn it on.
5.
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Action
Include (default) includes all points in the displays which meet the
criteria described in the row.
Exclude excludes all points in the displays which meet the criteria
described in the row.
OFF does not use the criteria in the row for the discrimination of
data.
Using more than one discriminator
All rows that have a curve identified in the Curve text field will be used in the
discrimination process, unless the left-most drop-down is set to OFF. Include and
Exclude determine how the data will be discriminated (as explained in the section
above), and all active rows are combined with an and operator; that is, a data
point must meet all the discrimination criteria to be displayed.
Minimum (Value or Curve) text entry box allows manual entry of the
numeric value or log curve to which the log curve is to be compared.
The discriminator log curve meets the criteria if it is greater than or
equal to this value or log curve value.
Ellipsis () button by the text entry boxes invokes the Curve Selection
window and refocuses the window when the window is active.
Curve is the curve to which the discriminator curve or value is
compared. This curve does NOT have to be one of the curves displayed
in any of the windows (either an axis curve or an optional curve).
UOM shows the units of measurement for the curve to which the
discrimination will be applied.
Ellipsis () button by the text entry boxes invokes the Curve
Selection window and refocuses the window when the window is
active.
Maximum (Value or Curve) text entry box allows manual entry of the
numeric value or log curve to which the log curve is to be compared.
The discriminator log curve meets the criteria if it is greater than or
equal to this value or log curve value.
Ellipsis () button by the text entry boxes invokes the Curve Selection
window and refocuses the window when it is active.
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Overlays tab
Overlays are lines which are drawn over certain types of crossplots.
The lines represent lithology, and sometimes porosity, for the most
common reservoir lithologies, namely sandstone, limestone, and
dolomite. The position of data points with respect to those overlay lines
estimates the lithology (and porosity) of each point. The plots can be
used in a qualitative manner, to get an idea of lithologies and porosity
ranges, or can be used in a quantitative manner to estimate lithology
and porosity.
For each type of crossplot there are many overlays. The overlays differ
from company to company, and within a company the overlays are
based on the vintage or version of the logging tools used to acquire the
data. For the most accurate interpretation, the overlay corresponding to
the logging tools which produced the data should be used.
The overlays in PetroWorks were digitized from the chartbooks of the
various logging companies (both wireline and LWD). Only the charts
for fresh water cases (RHOfluid = 1.0 g/cm3 and/or DTfluid = 189
usec/ft) were digitized. Charts for other user-defined fluid density and
fluid traveltime values are derived from those charts by the software.
Changes in measurement units are also accounted for by the software.
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102
1.
Either load a configuration file which matches the plot type you
want and the measurement system that you are currently in, or go
to the Crossplot: Data Display tab, pick the curves that you want
to plot, and set their plot parameters. See Appendix 1: Default
Configuration Files for a list of configuration files that are
included with PetroWorks software.
2.
Pick the Overlay Type that you want to use, the Service
Company that acquired the data, and the specific chart (using the
Chart Number . Chart Description . Chartbook Year).
3.
4.
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5.
Click the Display Lithology Overlay button in the top left of the
tab to turn it on.
6.
When you have selected the lithology overlay parameters that you
want, either
a. Go to another tab to continue defining the crossplot parameters
and functionality, if you have not done so already, or
b. Click the Apply button at the bottom of the window to
generate the crossplot.
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PathFinder
Schlumberger
Sperry-Sun
Tucker
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Mineral Point Attributes sets the display attributes for the mineral
points selected by the user.
Symbol Size and Symbol Color control the size and color of the
symbol associated with the mineral.
Font, Font Size, and Font Color control the font, size and color of
the mineral name posted with the symbol.
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The figure below illustrates an Apparent Matrix plot, and how the
mineral triangles are interpreted.
75%
50%
50%
75%
25%
75%
50%
25%
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1.
Either load a configuration file which matches the plot type you
want and the measurement system that you are currently in, or go
to the Crossplot: Data Display tab, pick the curves that you want
to plot, and set their plot parameters. See Appendix 1: Default
Configuration Files for a list of configuration files that are
included with PetroWorks software.
2.
3.
4.
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5.
Click the Display Apparent Matrix Overlay button in the top left
of the tab to turn it on.
6.
When you have selected the lithology overlay parameters that you
want, either
a. Go to another tab to continue defining the crossplot parameters
and functionality, if you have not done so already, or
b. Click the Apply button at the bottom of the window to
generate the crossplot.
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Triangle 1 and Triangle 2 set the color for the triangle border and
any division lines that are displayed.
Mineral Point Attributes sets the points for any mineral points that
are displayed, including the minerals at the vertices of the triangles.
Triangles may be displayed without annotating the vertices with the
mineral names.
Symbol Size sets the size of the plotted symbol (the symbol type is
fixed).
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Either load a configuration file which matches the plot type you
want and the measurement system that you are currently in, or go
to the Crossplot: Data Display tab, pick the curves that you want
to plot, and set their plot parameters. See Appendix 1: Default
Configuration Files for a list of configuration files that are
included with PetroWorks software.
2.
3.
Pick the Fluid Type that you want; either Fresh Water or Salt
Water.
4.
5.
Click the Display M-N Lithology Overlay button in the top left of
the tab to turn it on.
6.
When you have selected the lithology overlay parameters that you
want, either
a. Go to another tab to continue defining the crossplot parameters
and functionality, if you have not done so already, or
b. Click the Apply button at the bottom of the window to
generate the crossplot.
112
R2003.12.1
Visualization
The three mineral lists under each triangle heading allow the user to
construct triangles from any three-mineral combination. The minerals
are identical to those in the mineral list. The vertices of each triangle
will be determined by the values in the table in the Plot Minerals
frame on this tab.
US Oil Field
DT
RHO
usec/ft g/cm3
NPHI
v/v
decimal
Canadian Metric
DT
RHO
usec/ft g/cm3
NPHI
v/v
decimal
SPE Preferred
DT
usec/ft
RHO
g/cm3
NPHI
v/v
decimal
Fresh
Water
189
1.0
1.0
620
1000
1.0
620
1.0
1.0
Salt
Water
185
1.1
1.0
607
1100
1.0
607
1.0
1.0
Triangle 1 and Triangle 2 set the color for the triangle border and
any division lines that are displayed.
Mineral Point Attributes sets the points for any mineral points that
are displayed, including the minerals at the vertices of the triangles.
Triangles may be displayed without annotating the vertices with the
mineral names.
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Symbol Size sets the size of the plotted symbol (the symbol type is
fixed).
114
Fresh Water shows M and N values for the fresh water case.
Salt Water shows M and N values for the salt water case.
The Default button to the right of each named mineral resets all
values for that mineral to the default values.
R2003.12.1
Visualization
Click one of the Load User Overlay buttons to bring up the Select
File window. Browse through the directories to find the file that
you want to use as an overlay, and select the file. Click OK on the
window. The file name will appear in the framed area to the right
of the Clear User Overlay button on the same row.
2.
Click the Display User Overlays button in the top left of the tab to
turn it on.
3.
When you have selected the lithology overlay parameters that you
want, either
a. Go to another tab to continue defining the crossplot parameters
and functionality, if you have not done so already, or
b. Click the Apply button at the bottom of the window to
generate the crossplot.
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116
R2003.12.1
Visualization
Statistics tab
The functionality in the tabs under this tab allows the user to fit lines to
data in the crossplot. The intersections of those lines can also be
determined.
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The regression line will be fit to all active data in the crossplot.
Use polygons, discriminators, and bounding of data on other plots
before you proceed to Step 2.
2.
3.
4.
In the Regression Lines frame, set the Action buttons to the type
of equation you want to fit to the data. You can fit up to 5 lines at
once, or you can add regression lines later. Optionally, select the
Line Color and Line Style for each line.
5.
6.
Click the Display Regression Lines and User Lines button in the
top left of the tab to turn it on.
7.
When you have selected the lithology overlay parameters that you
want, either
a. Go to another tab to continue defining the crossplot parameters
and functionality, if you have not done so already, or
b. Click the Apply button at the bottom of the window to
generate the crossplot.
Use the following procedure to fit one or more User Lines to the active
data in the crossplot.
118
1.
In the User Lines frame, enter your coefficients in the text boxes
of the equation that you want to display. Make sure that the Action
button of that equation is set to Plot Line. A user line having a
polynomial form can be displayed by entering the coefficients in a
row in the Regression Lines frame and setting the Action button
to Plot Line.
2.
R2003.12.1
Visualization
3.
Click the Display Regression Lines and User Lines button in the
top left of the tab to turn it on.
4.
When you have selected the lithology overlay parameters that you
want, either
a. Go to another tab to continue defining the crossplot parameters
and functionality, if you have not done so already, or
b. Click the Apply button at the bottom of the window to
generate the crossplot.
R2003.12.1
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Plot Line plots the line on the crossplot using the coefficient
values displayed in the text boxes on the interface. When any of
the regression choices (1st to 5th Order, or RMA) is selected, the
Action choice is automatically set to Plot Line after the Apply
button is pressed. In this way, other line choices can be
manipulated while the previous line choice remains on the plot.
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Visualization
Plot Line plots the line on the crossplot using the coefficient
values displayed on the interface.
Forced Point uses one point which has been graphically selected using
the Set Forced Point icon and clicking in the crossplot, or the
coordinates entered on this tab.
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122
1.
2.
3.
R2003.12.1
Visualization
4.
5.
6.
R2003.12.1
123
Petrophysical Interpretation
Landmark
Plot Line plots the line on the crossplot using the coefficient
values displayed on the interface. When any of the regression
choices (Least Squares, or RMA) is selected, the Action choice is
automatically set to Plot Line after the Apply button is pressed. In
this way, other line choices can be manipulated while the previous
line choice remains on the plot.
R2003.12.1
Visualization
R2003.12.1
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Petrophysical Interpretation
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Forced Point uses one point which has been graphically selected on
the crossplot, or the coordinates of which has been entered here.
X: and Y: are the coordinates of the Forced Point. If X: and Y: are
blank and a Forced Point has been graphically selected, the coordinates
of that point will not be displayed here, but the point will be used in the
regression if the Forced Point checkbutton is on.
Weight is the weighting factor applied to all the User Defined Points.
It is defaulted to 1.0.
Symbol is the symbol by which the points are represented.
Size is the size of the symbol.
Color is the color of the symbol.
126
R2003.12.1
Visualization
R2003.12.1
127
Petrophysical Interpretation
Landmark
2.
3.
4.
2.
3.
Select the directory under which you want to save the file.
4.
Type the name that you want to give the file in the text box at the
bottom of the window, after the directory path that appears there,
and click OK. The file will be saved, but no other action will occur
in the Crossplot application. Note that you can over-write an
existing file by using the name of that file.
128
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1.
Visualization
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129
Petrophysical Interpretation
Landmark
Active Area
Color Bar
Marker Color
Cursor Position Value
Action Buttons
The colors of the crossplot points are determined by the colors set for
the z-axis. A legend of the z-axis values and color range appears to the
right of the plot. The Status Area indicates the minimum and maximum
values for the z-axis curve in each well. Use the Z-Axis Color option in
the Curve Attributes frame of the Crossplot: Data Display tab to
define the display parameters for curve points plotted on the z-axis.
130
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Visualization
1: Click and
drag over a
value range.
1: Click and
drag over a
value range.
3: The Color Bar and
the Crossplot
change immediately.
2: Click and
drag over a
color range.
2: Click on
a color.
You can create one or more color ranges and one or more colors over
parts of the Color Bar or over the entire bar.
To create a color range:
R2003.12.1
1.
Click and hold MB1 at the scale value where you want to start.
Remember that the Z-Axis value will be shown in the Cursor
Position Value area below the color bar.
2.
Drag the cursor over the range that you want to change, then
release MB1. The Color Palette will appear.
Crossplots: Crossplot Window Descriptions
131
Petrophysical Interpretation
Landmark
3.
In the Color Palette, click and hold MB1 at the color at which you
want to start, and drag the cursor to the color with which you want
to end. Release the mouse button at that color. As you dragged the
color in the Color Bar and in the Crossplot changed.
Click and hold MB1 at the scale value where you want to start.
Remember that the Z-Axis value will be shown in the Cursor
Position Value area below the color bar.
2.
Drag the cursor over the range that you want to change, then
release MB1. The Color Palette will appear.
3.
In the Color Palette, click MB1 on the color that you want. When
you click, the color in the Color Bar and in the Crossplot changed.
Remember that you can create multiple instances of color ranges and
colors in the same Color Bar, and that you can save that color bar for
later use.
132
Description
As you move the cursor, the colors
are linearly stretched and squeezed
between each end of the Color Bar
and the cursor location.
Instructions
1.
2.
3.
R2003.12.1
Circular
Marker
Visualization
Description
Instructions
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
3.
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Petrophysical Interpretation
Original
Landmark
Linear
Exponential
Moving the cursor
increases or
decreases the
amount of the color
originally at the
midpoint of the color
bar.
Circular
Moving the cursor
wraps the color
around the endpoints
without modifying the
internal layout of the
color bar.
Marker
Moving the cursor
causes the marker
color to replace the
bar color without
otherwise changing
the bar color.
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Visualization
Color bar
The Color Bar is where you specify the colors to be used in the Z-Axis
display.
Active Area
The area of colors and the light border immediately to the left of that
area combine to form the area in which your cursor movements are
sensed. You need to place the cursor in this area to select ranges for
colors or to use MB3 features.
Marker Color
Clicking on this button will activate the Color Palette, which allows
you to select a single color for the Marker.
Action Buttons
OK applies the settings to the crossplot and closes the Z-Axis Color
Bar window.
Apply applies the settings to the crossplot and keeps the Z-Axis Color
Bar window open.
Close closes the Z-Axis Color Bar window without any other action.
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Petrophysical Interpretation
Landmark
Curve
Selection
Search/Filter
Curve List
Status Bar
Close Button
R2003.12.1
Visualization
Close button
Once invoked, the window stays up until the Close button is pressed.
R2003.12.1
1.
Click on the ellipsis (...) button to the right of the text box where
you want to insert the curve identifier. The Curve Selection
window appears.
2.
Set the method by which you want to select the curves; Curve
Alias, Curve Name, or if you only have one well selected, Curve
Details. (You can also use Curve Alias or Curve Names if you only
have one well selected.)
137
Petrophysical Interpretation
138
Landmark
3.
4.
Select the curve identifier from the list. One click of MB1 will
place the identifier in the text field to the left of the ellipsis (...)
button that you previously clicked. If you click on another entry in
the Curve List, the last selection will replace the previous one.
5.
If you want to select a curve for another text box, click the ellipsis
button next to that text box, then follow Steps 2 to 4 to select the
next curve. You do not have to close the window between curve
selections.
6.
When you are done selecting curves, click the Close button on the
window to close it.
R2003.12.1
Visualization
Text Boxes
Minimum, Maximum, and Average values for X-, Y-, and Z-Axis
curve values, and Depths for Active points.
The X-, Y-, Z-Axis, Depth, and Well of the Selected Point (the
Located Point, as identified by MB1 on a data point in Crossplot.
The X-, and Y-Axis values of the cursor location, when the cursor
location has been identified by a single MB1 click.
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Action Buttons
Refresh returns all the text boxes to their last state before any editing
took place.
Close closes the window.
140
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Visualization
Action Buttons
OK creates a flag curve with the name that you have entered in the text
box, and closes the window.
Apply creates a flag curve with the name that you have entered in the
text box, and leaves the window open.
Cancel closes the text box with no other action.
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Petrophysical Interpretation
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1.
Differentiate the data into active and inactive points. You can do
this by any of the following methods, or by any combination of the
following methods: Plotting by Interval Range or Intervals
(StratUnits), Crossplot polygon, Crossplot zoom, 3D Crossplot
polygon, Log Tracks depth bounding, Histogram value bounding,
Discriminators.
2.
3.
Type a name for the flag curve in the text field, and click OK (to
create the curve and close the window) or Apply (to create the
curve and leave the window open for later use).
A flag curve will be created for each well that you have selected to
display.
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Visualization
Activated Pickett
Plot icons
Pickett Plot
statistics
Pickett Plot
Parameters
window
143
Petrophysical Interpretation
Landmark
The main crossplot window and the Pickett Plot Parameters window
interact with each other. Any graphical changes to the lines on the
Pickett Plot are immediately reflected in the parameters window. Any
changes made to the numerical or color values in the parameters
window are seen in the crossplot window after the OK or Apply
buttons are pressed.
For the Pickett Plot Icons to be activated and the Pickett Plot
Parameters window to be accessible, both the x- and y- axis Scale
Type (in the Curve Attributes frame of the Crossplot: Data Display
tab of the Setup window) must be set to Log.
The Picket Plot Parameters window can then be opened by the
Pickett Plot... button in the Other Functionality frame of the Active
Components frame at the right of the Setup window.
You can enter a value here and the water-bearing (100% water
saturation) line will be placed on the plot, with an intercept equal
to a*Rw.
You can graphically place the water-bearing line on the plot, and
the value of Rw will be calculated from the intercept of the line and
the value of a and will be displayed here.
You can enter a value here and the water-bearing line will be
placed on the plot with a slope equal to -1/m.
You can graphically place the water-bearing line on the plot, and
the value of m will be calculated from the slope of the line and be
displayed here.
R2003.12.1
Visualization
Send Arrow buttons to the right of each text box allow you to send the
value of that individual parameter to any application that is listening.
The button to the left of each text box allows you to turn that line
on or off.
The text box allows you to enter the specific value of water
saturation that you want to see displayed.
The button to the right of each text box allows you to choose a
color for each line
Porosity Scale
The porosity scale can be set to Percent or Decimal depending on the
units of the porosity curve. This should be set automatically based on
the session measurement system that you chose when you started the
OpenWorks session.
Stats Color:
This sets the color of the Pickett Plot statistics in the lower left corner
of the crossplot.
Action Buttons
OK applies any changes that you made to the numbers or colors in the
window, and then closes the window.
Apply applies any changes that you made to the numbers or colors in
the window, and keeps the window open.
Cancel closes the window without any other action.
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Pickett Regress posts a Least Squares Fit line through the active
crossplot points.
Pickett Clear removes all water saturation lines from the plot.
After any of the graphical placements are done, the appropriate Archie
parameters (a, Rw, m) are re-determined and displayed in the Pickett
Plot Parameters window.
146
1.
With porosity on the y-axis and resistivity on the x-axis, set the
Scale Type (in the Curve Attributes frame of the Crossplot:
Data Display tab) for both scales to Log. (You can also load the
default Configuration File D.PickettPlot.)
2.
3.
If you have some idea of values for Rw and m, enter them in the
Pickett Plot Parameters window and click Apply. Compare the
saturation lines with the data. Now you can graphically move the
lines to match the data. Primarily, you want to get the 100%
Saturation line to overlay the points that you think are completely
water saturated. Remember that you can move the line without
changing its slope (using the Pickett 1-Point Mode), you can
change the slope of the line without changing the value of Rw
(using the Pickett aRw/1-Point Mode), or you can define both the
slope of the line and its intercept (using the Pickett 2-Point
Mode).
R2003.12.1
4.
Visualization
Print Window
The pictures below illustrate the different plot windows that are
available in Crossplot.
For the main Crossplot window, the Print window is available by the
Print... button in the Other Functionality frame in the Active
Components frame at the right side of the Setup window.
For Log Tracks, Histograms, and 3D Crossplot, the Print window is
available in the respective windows in the Main Menu area, under
File > Print...
Print... creates a plot file; there is no option to print from Crossplot
directly to a print device.
Directory
selection
R2003.12.1
147
Petrophysical Interpretation
Landmark
Directory Selection
Allows you to navigate though your directory structure to locate the
directory into which you want to save the print file.
Action Buttons
OK saves the print file to the location that you specify, and closes the
window.
Filter filters the directory list on the basis of the text in the Filter text
box at the top of the window.
Cancel closes the window without any other action.
148
R2003.12.1
Visualization
R2003.12.1
1.
Open the print window (for Crossplot, use the Print... button in the
Active Components frame of the Setup window. For Log Tracks,
Histograms, or 3D Crossplot, select File > Print... in the Main
Menu area of the respective graphics window.
2.
Select the location of the file by typing the directory name in the
Filter text box at the top of the window, then clicking the Filter
button at the bottom of the window, OR double-click on the
directory in the Directories window until you have reached the
directory that you want.
3.
Select the file format and plot size. The Plot Size default values
should produce a reasonable plot for many applications.
4.
5.
In the Output File Name text box, type the name that you want to
use for the file at the right end of the directory path displayed in
the text box.
6.
149
Petrophysical Interpretation
Landmark
Directory and
File Access
150
R2003.12.1
Visualization
Directory Pathway
This is a drop-down menu that allows you to move up in your directory
structure.
Action Buttons
OK performs the action and closes the window.
Cancel closes the window without any other action.
R2003.12.1
1.
2.
Move to the directory in which you want to save the file, or from
which you want to load the file. You can move deeper in your
directory structure by double-clicking on the specific directory in
the Directories window. You can move shallower in your
directory structure by using the Directory Pathway button or by
double-clicking on the second entry ( ../) in the Directories
window to move up one directory level at a time.
3.
When you reach the desired directory, either pick a file name to
load and click OK, or enter the name of the file that you want to
create and click OK.
151
Petrophysical Interpretation
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Appendices
Appendix 1: Default Configuration Files
These Configuration files come with this version of PetroWorks, and
are located in $PWHOME/dat/crossplot. They are intended to help
you create common crossplots quickly and easily
Overlay Attributes
Curve Aliases are used to specify the curves in the crossplots.
Schlumberger overlays, for Compensated Neutron (CNL) and
Formation Density (FDC) logs are used, as these are the most common
logs available in existing wells.
The format of the configuration file names is as follows:
D.<name>.<suffix>
152
Crossplots: Appendices
R2003.12.1
Visualization
z-axis
.SPE
.US
D.NeutDen.
Gamma_Ray
Kg/cm3
g/cm3
D.NeutSon.
Gamma_Ray
us/m
us/ft
D.SonDen.
Gamma_Ray
D.SpectralDens.
Gamma_Ray
Kg/cm3
g/cm3
g/cm3
D.RhoDtMID.
Gamma_Ray
D.RhoUMID.
Gamma_Ray
Kg/cm3
g/cm3
g/cm3
D.RhoDtUMID.
Matrix_Vol_Photo_U
DMNlith
Gamma_Ray
D.PickettPlot
Gamma_Ray
D.RwaGR
Porosity
Template Name
Z-Axis Curve
Plot Description
D.NeutDen.CM
D.NeutDen.SPE
D.NeutDen.US
Gamma_Ray
D.NeutSon.CM
D.NeutSon.SPE
D.NeutSon.US
Gamma_Ray
D.SonDen.C
MD.SonDen.SPE
D.SonDen.US
Gamma_Ray
D.SpectralDens.CM Gamma_Ray
D.SpectralDens.SPE
D.SpectralDens.US
D.RhoDtMID.CM
D.RhoDtMID.SPE
D.RhoDtMID.US
R2003.12.1
Gamma_Ray
Crossplots: Appendices
153
Petrophysical Interpretation
Template Name
D.RhoUMID.CM
D.RhoUMID.SPE
D.RhoUMID.US
Z-Axis Curve
Gamma_Ray
Landmark
Plot Description
Matrix IDentification (MID) plot (Apparent Matrix Density vs.
Apparent Matrix Volumetric Cross Section). Indicates lithology in
a system with any three minerals which plot uniquely on the
crossplot. Two different user-defined mineral triangles, and
selected mineral points, can be added to the crossplot.
D.MNLith
Gamma_Ray
D.PickettPlot
Gamma_Ray
D.RwaGR
Porosity
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Crossplots: Appendices
R2003.12.1
Visualization
Point
Color
Strat Units
Total Well
WITH strat
Interval with
units selected NO strat units
selected
Total Well
Interval WITH
strat units
selected
Interval
Range with
NO strat units
selected
Interval
Range WITH
strat units
selected
Well
Well
Well
Interval
Well
Z-Axis
Interval
Well
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Petrophysical Interpretation
Landmark
Interval/StratUnit selection
Point
Symbol
Point
Color
Strat Units
Total Well
WITH strat
Interval with
units selected NO strat units
selected
Total Well
Interval WITH
strat units
selected
Interval
Range with
NO strat units
selected
Interval
Range WITH
strat units
selected
Interval
Interval
Interval
Z-Axis
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Crossplots: Appendices
R2003.12.1
Visualization
fluid property
2420 CN
2435 CN
2446 CN
Sidewall
6-56
6-58
6-60
6-62
6-57
6-59
6-61
6-63
fluid property
4.75in SDN
6.75in CCN
8.25in CCN
24-3
24-7
24-11
24-4
24-8
24-12
24-5
24-9
24-13
24-6
24-10
24-14
Precision Wireline
(Computalog) (2003)
CN
6-26
6-27
Gearhart (1985)
fluid property
CNS
SNL
CP-1
CP-3
CP-2
CP-4
Halliburton (1997)
fluid property
DSN-II
CNT-K
HDSN
DSEN
SNL
CPDSN-II -1a
CPCNT-K -1a
CPHDSN -1a
CPDSEN -1a
CPSNL -1a
CPDSN-II -1b
CPCNT-K -1b
CPHDSN -1b
CPDSEN -1b
CPSNL -1b
CPDSN-II -1c
CPCNT-K -1c
CPHDSN -1c
CPDSEN -1c
CPSNL -1c
PathFinder (2002)
fluid property
DNSC
1.0 g/cm3
POR-5
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Petrophysical Interpretation
Landmark
Reeves (2000)
CNS
CNS
sandstone
LP-1
LP-3
LP-2
LP-4
MPN
LPC-1
Schlumberger (1998)
SNP
CNL
NPHI curve
CP-1a
CP-1c
CP-1b
CP-1d
CNL
APS
TNPH curve APLC&FPLC
CP-1e
CP-1f
CP-1h
CDN
6.5-in tool
CDN
8-in tool
ADN
6.75-in tool
CP-22
CP-23
CP-24
Sperry-Sun (1998)
fluid property
4-3/4in CTN
6-3/4in CN
8in CN
1.0 g/cm3
4-12
4-15
4-18
1.1 g/cm3
4-13
4-16
4-19
1.19 g/cm3
4-14
4-17
4-20
Tucker (2000)
fluid property
CNP
epithermal
1.0 g/cm3
(no number)
(no number)
1.1 g/cm3
(no number)
(no number)
Welex (1985)
158
CP-1f
fluid property
CDN
SWN
1.0 g/cm3
CP-2a
CP-3a
1.1 g/cm3
CP-2b
CP-3b
Crossplots: Appendices
R2003.12.1
Visualization
fluid property
2420 CN
2435 CN
2446 CN
Sidewall
6-65
6-67
6-69
6-71
6-66
6-68
6-70
6-72
fluid property
6.75in
APX-CCN
8.25in
APX-CCN
189 usec/ft
24-15
24-17
215 usec/m
24-16
24-18
Precision Wireline
(Computalog) (2003)
fluid property
CN
189 us/ft
6-28
620 us/m
6-29
Gearhart (1985)
fluid property
CNS
SNL
189 usec/ft
CP-6
CP-7
Halliburton (1997)
fluid property
DSN-II
CNT-K
HDSN
DSEN
SNL
CPDSN-II -3
CPCNT-K -3
CPHDSN -3
CPDSEN -3
CPSNL -3
PathFinder (2002)
No charts are published.
Reeves (2000)
fluid property
CNS
LP-5
R2003.12.1
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159
Petrophysical Interpretation
Landmark
Schlumberger (1998)
fluid property
SNP
CNL
NPHI curve
189 usec/ft
CP-2a
CP-2b
190 usec/ft
CNL
TNPH curve
CP-2c
620 usec/ft
CP-2am
CP-2bm
CP-2cm
Sperry-Sun (1998)
No charts are published.
Tucker (2000)
fluid properties
CNP
(Wyllie)
189 usec/ft
(no number)
620 usec/m
(no number)
189 usec/ft
(no number)
Welex (1985)
160
CNP
(RHG)
fluid property
CDN
SWN
189 usec/ft
CP-4e
CP-5e
620 usec/m
CP-4m
CP-5m
Crossplots: Appendices
R2003.12.1
Visualization
(Wyllie)
(no tool specified)
6-64
Precision Wireline
(Computalog) (2003)
(Wyllie)
fluid properties
SPeD
6-30
6-31
Gearhart (1985)
fluid properties
1.0 g/cm3; 189 usec/ft
(Wyllie)
(no tool specified)
CP-5
Halliburton (1997)
fluid properties
DSN-II
CNT-K
HDSN
DSEN
SNL
CPDSN-II -2a
CPCNT-K -2a
CPHDSN -2a
CPDSEN -2a
CPSNL -2a
CPDSN-II -2b
CPCNT-K -2b
CPHDSN -2b
CPDSEN -2b
CPSNL -2b
CPDSN-II -2c
CPCNT-K -2c
CPHDSN -2c
CPDSEN -2c
CPSNL -2c
PathFinder (2002)
No charts are published.
Reeves (2000)
fluid property
1.0 g/cm3 or 1000 kg/m3;
189 usec/ft or 620 usec/m
R2003.12.1
(Wyllie only)
(no tool specified)
LP-7
Crossplots: Appendices
161
Visualization
Schlumberger (1998)
fluid property
CP-7
CP-7m
Sperry-Sun (1998)
No charts are published.
Tucker (2000)
fluid properties
(Wyllie)
CNP (RHG)
(no number)
(no number)
(no number)
Welex (1985)
fluid properties
(Wyllie)
CP-1
R2003.12.1
Crossplots: Appendices
162
Visualization
ZDL
6-73
6-74
Precision Wireline
(Computalog) (2003)
fluid property
SPeD
1.0 g/cm3
6-33
Gearhart (1985)
No charts are published.
Halliburton (1997)
No charts are published.
PathFinder (2002)
fluid property
1.0 g/cm3
Reeves (2000)
fluid property
LPor-11
LPor-12
Schlumberger (1998)
fluid property
1.0 g/cm3
CP-7
1000 kg/m3
CP-7m
R2003.12.1
Crossplots: Appendices
163
Visualization
Sperry-Sun (1998)
fluid property
SLD
1.0 g/cm3
4-21
1.1 g/cm3
4-22
Tucker (2000)
fluid properties
1.0 g/cm3
(no number)
1.1 g/m3
(no number)
Welex (1985)
No charts are published.
R2003.12.1
Crossplots: Appendices
164
Visualization
R2003.12.1
Crossplots: Appendices
165
Visualization
R2003.12.1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Set at least three calibration points for the chart. Typically, the
upper left corner of the chart, the lower left corner, and the lower
right corner are used as calibration points.
6.
7.
Crossplots: Appendices
166
Visualization
8.
9.
10. Use NDS/Map to convert the ASCII data file of the overlay from
NDS/Map format to gnuplot ASCII format file.
R2003.12.1
Crossplots: Appendices
167
2.
Visualization
3.
You can also plot several lines or files simultaneously, such as:
plot sin(x),cos(x),sin(x)+cos(x), 5curves.cot
Separate the desired formulas with commas. You can also give it a
file name containing a saved output file of coordinates. You can
set the x- and y-ranges for the plot using the gnuplot range
command (type help range at the gnuplot prompt).
4.
Once you have a plot, or set of plots, that you wish to see in
CrossPlot, enter the following commands in gnuplot; substitute
your own file name and list of plot commands (with optional
ranges):
gnuplot>
Terminal
gnuplot>
gnuplot>
R2003.12.1
Crossplots: Appendices
168