Petroworks Manual 3

Landmark Graphics Corporation
Visualization
Crossplots
Overview
This section of the documentation introduces you to the Crossplot
application, provides links to common workflows (the How Do I...?
section), and provides links to the details of crossplot behavior and
functionality. The intent of this section is to get you creating crossplots
which are at least sufficient for your needs in the least amount of time.
The Crossplot application has a great deal of functionality. This document
tries to detail all the functionality, but may not explicitly describe all the
ways that the many functions can be used together. You are encouraged to
try what you conceive of, even though you may not see it described here.
There is a good chance that you can actually do what you would like.
Using Crossplots
In the simplest case crossplots are just x-y plots of data. The data in a
single display can be from one or more wells, and can also be from one or
more intervals in those wells. In PetroWorks, an interval can be the entire
depth of the well, a depth-restricted interval, or one or more named
intervals (StratUnits) in the well. Often, a third quantity (the z-axis
quantity) can be shown on the plot by using the color of the points to reflect
the z-axis values. Crossplots are used in PetroWorks to display log and core
data. Other applications can plot seismic values against the log data.
Crossplots are useful as a means of data pattern recognition. Because our
brains are better at discerning patterns in images than looking for patterns
in rows or columns of numbers, crossplots provide the means to quickly
discover patterns in the data that have geological or geophysical meaning.
Numerical algorithms can be derived from or inferred from those patterns
in order to provide quantitative results from qualitative observations of the
data in the crossplots.
Some of the more common uses of crossplots are
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Crossplots: Overview
Visualization
Determining formation porosity and lithology. This is done by

plotting one porosity measurement against another, and comparing
the location of points with ideal responses plotted over the actual
data. The display of these ideal responses is usually called an
overlay. The Neutron-Density crossplot (neutron porosity plotted
against bulk density or density porosity) used to determine true
formation porosity and lithology is the most common example of
this type of crossplot.
Determining processing parameters, especially for the

interpretation of shaly sands. A number of different plots are used
in this case, depending on the quantity to be determined. In
general, these plots help identify end-member values of
parameters, such as the gamma ray values in shales and clean
formations, because the points representing those environments
(shales and clean formations) will plot in groups which are in
different parts of the plot.
Determining fluid saturation. This example is actually a graphical

solution to Archies saturation equation. By plotting porosity
against resistivity, the scatter of points will show water-bearing
zones, with hydrocarbon-bearing zones plotting away from those
water-bearing zones. The two versions of this type of plot are
called the Pickett Plot and the Hingle Plot, both named after their
authors.
Determining the relationship between two (or more) parameters by

statistical techniques. The relationship between selected data point
in data sets can be determined by the application of a variety of
mathematical relationships. These determined relationships can be
used in other interpretive techniques. Examples include the
determination of matrix density from bulk density and core
porosity measurements.
Crossplot Features
This release of Crossplot features a completely new user interface that is
more efficiently organized than in previous versions, in a tabbed window
format. Parameters are appropriately grouped together and are intelligently
defaulted to help you produce usable displays in less time.
Crossplot enables you to
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generate x/y or x/y/z plots of data from one or more wells over one
or more intervals, while identifying the source of the data by
symbol or color;
Petrophysical Interpretation
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generate log plots, histograms and 3D crossplots, with up to four

additional curve in log tracks and three additional curves in
histograms, where those plots and the crossplot respond to data
selection in any of the plots;
generate frequency crossplots in the crossplot main window which

can be displayed with, or instead of, standard crossplots, and
which display data frequency in two modes;
filter unwanted data by any combination of discrimination by

curve or constant value, selection of data by polygon (crossplot),
depth bounding (log tracks), and value bounding (histograms);
display data from a well against a background of other wells in

crossplot or histograms, and display data from one or more
intervals in all displayed wells against a background of all data in
all displayed wells;
display matrix (lithology) overlay lines from 12 wireline logging

and logging while drilling companies for the following crossplots:
Neutron-Density, Neutron-Sonic, Sonic-Density, and Spectral
Density (RHOB-PE). The overlay lines respond to user-selected
changes in fluid properties;
display mineral triangles for Matrix IDentification (MID) plots

(DTmaa-RHOmaa and Umaa-RHOmaa), and M-N lithology plots.
Two triangles can be displayed, with the triangle vertices
determined from 14 minerals with user-set properties;
display up to 14 mineral points (including two user minerals) on

lithology crossplots, Mineral IDentification plots, and M-N
lithology plots (along with lithology lines or mineral triangles);
fit regression lines (first- through fifth-order polynomial and

Reduced Major Axis) to any combination of selected data,
weighted user points and a forced point, with either the x- or y-axis
as the dependent axis. Create polynomial and lines of four other
forms using user-supplied coefficients;
determine gradient lines and gradient line intersections for up to

four lines, based on any combination of selected data, weighted
user points and a forced point, with either the x- or y-axis as the
dependent axis;
determine formation water resistivity, Rw, and cementation

exponent, m, from an interactive Pickett plot;
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send wells, active points, selected points, cursor location, and

specific parameters to other applications; and receive wells from
other applications.
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Workflow
The following flowchart provides an overview of the features available
in Crossplot.
Start Crossplot
Touch Setup
Select wells and intervals to plot.

Select an existing configuration file,
OR
Select curves and scales (or accept scale defaults from the Curve Dictionary).
Optionally set other display parameters (titles, labels, colors, etc.).
Optionally specify color and symbol representation.
Optionally select other Crossplot tools:

Set Discriminators
Set porosity/lithology overlays
Generate regression and user-defined lines
Interpret using a Pickett plot
Send Information to other applications
Create flag curve
Optionally display Log Tracks, Histograms, and 3D Crossplots
Print Crossplot, Log Tracks, or Histograms
Save Display Parameters
Enter another
application or exit
OpenWorks
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Opening and Closing Crossplot

To Open Crossplot
Select Interpret > Crossplot from the PetroWorks Command Menu.
If you have not previously set the current project, interpreter, well list,
and current well, PetroWorks prompts you to make these selections.
You must specify the project, interpreter, and well list. Setting the
current well is optional. If you set it, Crossplot plots the data points
from the current well. If you do not set it, Crossplot opens with an
empty grid. The current well can be set only through the OpenWorks
Command Menu.
If you have not used Crossplot before, it will appear with a blank plot.
Touch the Setup... button in the upper left corner of the window to
invoke the separate Setup window. From that window you can either
select an existing Configuration File (details in the Appendix 1:
Default Configuration Files section) or begin building a plot as
described in the How do I create a crossplot? section.
To Close Crossplot
On the main Crossplot window, select File > Exit. The Exit Crossplot
window appears.
Click one of the following buttons:
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EXIT and SAVE Configuration if you want to see the current

display settings next time you open Crossplot. When you exit,
Crossplot updates the params.xpt_cfg file.
EXIT and DO NOT SAVE Configuration if you do not want to

save the current settings. The next time you open Crossplot it will
use the settings saved in params.xpt_cfg.
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CANCEL and return to the application returns you to Crossplot

with no additional actions.
Running Multiple Crossplots Simultaneously

You can run two or more Crossplot applications simultaneously. However, be
aware of the following:
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When two crossplots are displayed on the same screen, the Z-axis color
associated with last plot you displayed shows up on the first plot you
displayed. All other display colors are unaffected by changes made to color
parameters in other Crossplots.
When you exit each Crossplot application, you have the option to EXIT and
SAVE Configuration. Be aware that the session parameters for each
Crossplot are written to the same file, params.xpt_cfg. Therefore, if you
instruct each Crossplot to EXIT and SAVE Configuration, the last crossplot
you exit is the last to write to params.xpt_cfg. You can control which crossplot
parameters are saved to the file by using EXIT and SAVE Configuration for
only one instance, and using EXIT and DO NOT SAVE Configuration for
all other instances.
Another solution to this problem is to save a separate, and differently-named

configuration file for each instance of Crossplot, BEFORE you exit the
application.
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How Do I...?
This page is meant to be the starting point for users who are familiar
with earlier versions of PetroWorks' Crossplot application, or are
familiar with crossplots in general. The hyperlinks in the two workflow
categories below will take you to one-page procedures which describe
the answer to the How do I? question posed as the title of this
section.
The results from each workflow should give you a satisfactory answer
to the question, although the final results may not be exactly what you
want. Once you have an initial result, you can look at the detailed parts
of the documentation to determine how to modify the parameters to get
exactly the results that you need.
Workflows from a Software Perspective

How do I create a crossplot? [Click here.]
How do I add an overlay to a crossplot? [Click here.]
How do I create log tracks? [Click here.]
How do I create histograms? [Click here.]
How do I fit a regression line to data? [Click here.]
How do I estimate gradients and intercepts of lines? [Click here.]
Workflows from a Geoscience Perspective

How do I estimate formation water resistivity, Rw? [Click here.]
How do I determine shaly sand parameters? [Click here.]
How do I estimate formation lithology and porosity? [Click here.]
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Crossplots: How Do I...?
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Guide to Crossplot Features

This section provides hyperlinks to features and components in the
Setup window, on a tab-by-tab basis. From this page, you can get
directly to the information that you need about how to use the
functionality on a specific tab. The section immediately following each
of the documentation sections below describes in detail each of the
components on the respective tab.
Tab
Sub-Tab
Wells and Intervals tab
Selecting Wells and Intervals
Crossplot
Crossplot: Data Display

tab
Defining the Crossplot Data

Display
Crossplot: Plot
Parameters tab
Defining Plot Parameters
Other Plots: Log Tracks

tab
Displaying Log Tracks
Other Plots: Histograms

tab
Displaying Histograms
Other Plots: Frequency

Crossplot tab
Creating a Frequency Crossplot
Other Plots: 3D Crossplot

tab
Displaying a crossplot in 3D
Other Plots: Second

Dimension Plot tab
Displaying a Second Dimension

Plot
Other Plots
Discriminators tab
Defining Discriminators
Overlays
Overlays: Neutron/
Density/Sonic/Pe tab
Displaying Porosity/Lithology
Overlays
Overlays: Apparent Matrix

tab
Displaying Apparent Matrix

Overlays
Overlays: M-N Lithology

tab
Displaying an M-N Lithology

Overlay
Overlays: User Overlays

tab
Displaying a User Overlay
Statistics: Regression and

User Lines tab
Defining Regression Lines and

User Lines
Statistics: Gradient
Methods tab
Determining Gradients and

Gradient Line Intersections
Statistics
Configuration File tab
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Documentation Section
Crossplots: How Do I...?
Defining and Using Configuration

Files
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Crossplot Components and Behaviors

This section provides links to more detailed descriptions of the components
in each Crossplot application window, and details of the components of
each tab and sub-tab on the Setup window.
The section also describes:
the functionality of some of the tables that display data in

Crossplot (Table Behavior in Crossplot),
the use of Configuration (template) files (Configuration Files,

User Default Files, and Crossplot Defaults);
the interaction of the crossplot, 3D crossplot, log tracks, and

histograms displays (Interaction of Crossplot, 3D Crossplot,
Log Tracks, and Histograms);
the interaction of Point Color, Point Symbol and Interval selection

(Interaction of Point Color, Point Symbol, and Interval
Selection).
Selection of Fonts, Lines, Symbols, and Colors;
Using the Locate Point Mode.
Display Window Layouts

Crossplot window
Log Tracks window
Histogram Window
Frequency Crossplot window
3D Crossplot window
Second Dimension Crossplot window
Data Entry Window Layouts

Setup window
Z-Axis Color Bar
Curve Selection window
Send Information window
Create Flag Curve window
Pickett Plot window
Print Window
File Save and Load Window Components
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Table Behavior in Crossplot

There are several places in Crossplot where data is presented to the user
in single or multiple column lists. In particular, their tab locations and
names are:
Wells and Intervals tab: Well List
Wells and Intervals tab: Interval List
Curve Selection window: Curve List
Item selection
Items in the list are selected by clicking once on the item.
Multiple items which are contiguous can be selected by clicking on the
first item, then clicking on the last item in the group while holding
down the Shift key.
Multiple items which are not contiguous can be selected by holding
down the Control key while clicking on the items.
Sorting the list
In this example, the Well

List is sorted by Common
Name, as indicated by the
+ in the column header.
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The lists can be alphabetically sorted by clicking on the header of the

column that you want to sort. One click will sort the column increasing
alphabetically (A to Z). A + will appear after the title in the column
header to denote that the table has been sorted by the contents of that
column. Another click will sort the column decreasing alphabetically
(Z to A). A - will appear after the title in the column header to denote
that the table has been sorted by the contents of that column.
Search/Filter String frame
Text box provides for entry of a text string by which to search or filter
the items in the active column in the list. If the list has more than one
column, the active column is denoted by a + or - after the text in
the column header.
The text string you input is matched anywhere in the full character
strings. If you precede the text string with ^, then it is matched with
only the characters at the beginning of the full character strings.
C in the Search/Filter box

returns all well Common
Names that contain C
anywhere in the name.
^C in the Search/Filter
box would have returned
only those three wells with
common names beginning
with C.
Search causes the next item in the list which matches the text in the
Text Box to be highlighted in red text.
Filter causes the list to be reduced to only those entries which match
the text in the Text Box.
Reset causes the list to be returned to its original contents and order.
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User information
Immediately below each list there is a display that shows the number of
items that:
Are in the original list (Total:)
Are currently displayed in the list, as the result of a filtering

operation (Displayed:)
Are currently selected (Selected:)
Configuration Files, User Default Files, and Crossplot Defaults

Configuration files (templates) are user-named files that you can
create at any time, which allow you to return almost all Crossplot
settings to those that were in effect when you created the file.
Configuration files are different from session files in that the wells
and intervals are not saved in configuration files. Except for wells and
intervals, an individual configuration file will save the state or value of
every component on every tab in the Setup window.You can save
Configuration files at any time, and recall them at any time.
There are a set of configuration files provided with this version of
PetroWorks. The are built for the different porosity/lithology overlays
that can be specified in the Overlays tab, and for Rwa and Pickett
plots. They are located in $PWHOME/dat. More details about these
configuration files are in Appendix 1: Default Configuration Files.
The User Default File is a file named params.xpt_cfg which resides
in your home directory. It is a Configuration file with a special name,
and Crossplot uses that file to set its interface parameters when you
start the application. You can overwrite this file so that Crossplot
initializes in the format that you want.
Crossplot Defaults is a file which is internal to Crossplot. It resets all
Crossplot parameters to a standard set. It is useful if you have made
many changes to Crossplot, and want to start fresh with a new plot.
You cannot modify this file.
More information about how to use these files is in the section of the
documentation titled Defining and Using Configuration Files.
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Interaction of Crossplot, 3D Crossplot, Log Tracks, and Histograms

While crossplots are powerful analytical tools, there is also value in
looking at the data in log-format plots (Log Tracks) and in histograms.
Significant additional power is gained when these four plot types (data
or frequency crossplots, true 3D crossplots, log tracks, and histograms)
can each respond to changes in the other plots.
In PetroWorks, any data selection made in one plot will be reflected in
the other plots, if they are active. As an example, if a data cluster is
enclosed by an inclusive polygon in crossplot, the points outside the
polygon will be shown on the crossplot as inactive. At the same time,
the data in Log Tracks will be modified to show the active and inactive
points in that plot, and any active histograms will be redrawn to reflect
only those active points. All active plots will simultaneously reflect the
data selection in all other plots, so data could be segregated on the basis
of a polygoned cluster in both Crossplot and 3D Crossplot, an interval
limit in Log Tracks, and value limits in Histograms
Display behavior with many wells
The limit of 100 wells in a crossplot has been removed.
There is a graphics display limit of 80 wells for Log Tracks and
Histograms. This limit extends to the Cumulative Histogram feature.
Changed behavior compared to Crossplot R2003

A functional change for Crossplot 2003.12.x is that if a crossplot is set
up to use a z-axis curve, and if the z-axis curve has null values, then
these data points will be counted in Total Points, and so long as the X
and Y values are not null, then these points will also be used in
regression fits. The points will be displayed in grey. The R2003 version
of Crossplot discarded points with null z values for counting Total
Points and also for computing regressions. In R2003, the points were
not displayed.
In order to duplicate the behavior of R2003, the user must explicitly
exclude the Z values that are null. This can be done in the
Discriminators tab, by setting the curve to include data points greater
than the null value.
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For example, if the null value for the curve is -999.25, set the
discriminator value for the curve to -999. (Remember that in
OpenWorks it is possible for every curve to have a different null
value. In practice, the null value is usually -999.25)
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The other functional change is that if the Color of the data points is set
to Z-Axis, the data points that are grey are those that are null.
Regression fits will use these points. This highlights an ambiguity in
the use of the color grey. The use of a polygon in crossplot or
equivalent filtering mechanisms in histograms and log plots will turn
excluded points grey. These grey points will NOT be used in
regression fits
Working with Polygons

Using a Polygon in Crossplot
1.
Click either the Select Inclusive Polygon or the Select Exclusive

Polygon icon to start creating a polygon.
2.
In the Crossplot graphics field, use MB1 to click at the location

where you want the polygon to begin.
3.
Move the mouse to where you want the next polygon vertex, and
click MB1 again. Continue clicking MB1 to add sides to the
polygon. There is no provision to backstep through a polygon to
remove line segments. If you make a mistake in placing a polygon
vertex, you must delete the polygon and start over. (Sorry...)
4.
To close the polygon, click MB2 after you have defined the last
polygon vertex. PetroWorks will automatically close the polygon
by completing the polygon side from the last vertex that you
created to the first vertex. Any displays will then be redrawn to
reflect the active and inactive points.
Using a Polygon in 3D Crossplot

Creating a polygon in 3D Crossplot is done in the same way as in
Crossplot. When you create the crossplot in 3D Crossplot, you create a
projection of the polygon shape which cuts through the 3D Crossplot
perpendicular to the plane of the view. An example would be using a
cookie cutter or a pipe to cut all the way through the data cube. Because
of this behavior, you should arrange the view before you construct the
polygon.
When you rotate the 3D view after creating the polygon, the outline of
the polygon will disappear, but the individual points in the view will
retain the state of activity (active or inactive) depending on their
relationship to the original polygon and view.
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Polygon Interaction in Crossplot Displays

Polygons drawn on the 3D Display interact with the 2D Crossplot
display, Log Tracks, and Histograms. Likewise, polygons drawn on the
2D Crossplot are reflected in the 3D Display.
You can define polygons (inclusive or exclusive) in the 2D and 3D
Display windows. A polygon defined in the 2D window affects the 3D
Display, and a polygon defined in the 3D Display affects the 2D
window.
Exactly what happens when you define polygons in both the 2D and 3D
windows depends upon how the polygon logic parameter is defined in
the Crossplots frame section of the Crossplot: Plot Parameters tab.
Depth Bounding in Log Tracks

Depth bounding is applied to all curves displayed in a particular well,
and depth bounding can be applied to individual wells, over different
depth intervals. Only one bounding interval is allowed for each well.
Inclusive and exclusive depth bounding can be used at the same time
(but on different wells) to limit data.
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1.
Click on either the Inclusive Depth Bounding or the Inclusive

Depth Bounding icon to start the depth bounding process.
2.
When you move your mouse over a well, a horizontal line will
appear in the wells display. Position the cursor at the depth that
you want, and click MB1.
3.
Move the cursor to the next depth and click MB1. When you click
MB1, Log Tracks (and any other open graphics windows) will
redraw to either show active and inactive points, or will redraw
with only active points. The selection can be made in any order
(top depth, then bottom; or bottom depth, then top).
4.
To depth-bound another well, repeat Steps 1 to 3.
5.
To Cancel Depth Bounding, click the Cancel Depth Bounding

icon, then click on the well on which you want to remove the
bounding. Depth bounding will be removed on that well only, and
all graphics windows will be redrawn. You will have to do this for
each well on which you want to remove the depth bounding.
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Value Bounding in Histograms

Value bounding is applied to individual curves in each well, with the
same value bounds applied to the same curve in every well. Only one
value range may be created for each set of curves, and only inclusive
bounding is available.
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1.
Click on the Enable Value Bounding icon for the curve in the axis
(or for the optional curve) that you want to bound.
2.
Move your cursor to the histogram in any of the wells, position the
cursor over the first value that you want, and click MB1.
3.
Move your cursor over the second value that you want, and click
MB2. Histograms (and any other open graphics windows) will
redraw with only active points. The selection can be made in any
order (left value, then right; or right value, then left).
4.
To value-bound another curve, repeat Steps 1 to 3.
5.
To cancel value bounding, click the Cancel Value Bounding icon

of the axis curve or optional curve on which you want to remove
the bounding. Value bounding will be removed from curve set on
all the wells, and all open graphics windows will be redrawn.
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An interpretive example:
One way to determine formation water resistivity (Rw) is to plot
calculated Apparent Water Resistivity (Rwa) against the gamma ray.
Low values of gamma ray indicate clean zones or reservoirs, while
high values of gamma ray usually indicate non-reservoirs or shales. At
the same time, low values of Rwa indicate a good estimate of the
formation water resistivity. A cluster of points of low Rwa and low
gamma ray is generally an indication of a good estimate of Rw. By
creating a polygon around those points in the crossplot, the points can
be identified as active in Log Tracks, helping to confirm the Rw value.
(Are the points at the bottom of the reservoir in what might be the water
zone, or scattered throughout the formation?) A histogram of Rwa will
be redrawn using only those active points, and the best value of Rw can
be estimated from the most likely value of Rwa on the histogram.
A polygon encloses the
points with the lowest
gamma ray and Rwa values.
The histogram reflects the

selected points; a predicted Rw
value of about 0.07 ohm-m.
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The selected points are together

at the bottom of the formation;
probable water zone.
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Interaction of Point Color, Point Symbol, and Interval Selection

The redesign of the crossplot user interface (the Setup window) for
PetroWorks version 2003.12 made available some functionality that
was limited in the previous versions. In particular, the interaction of the
user choices of Point Color (Well, Interval, or Z-Axis), Point Symbol
(Well or Interval), and Interval Selection (Total Well Interval, Interval
Range, or Intervals (StratUnits)) allow for more display options. In
particular, points from a selected interval range or set of intervals
(StratUnits) can be shown against a background of points in the wells
that are outside those selected intervals. The points from the selected
intervals will be plotted according to the appropriate color and symbol,
while points outside the intervals will be plotted as gray + symbols.
Color=Interval; Symbol=Well
Interval: Total Well Interval,
some StratUnits are selected.
All points in the well are plotted.
Points outside the selected
intervals are plotted in gray.
Color=Well; Symbol=Well
Interval: Total Well Interval, no
StratUnits selected.
All points in the well are plotted.
Color=Interval; Symbol=Well
Interval: Intervals, with some
StratUnits selected.
Only points in the selected
StratUnits are plotted.
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Appendix 2: Crossplot Display Behavior describes the user
selections and the resulting plots in detail.
Fonts, Lines, Symbols, and Colors

Crossplot uses the same fonts, lines, symbols, and colors as the rest of
PetroWorks. Each is described in this section, rather than being
described in each of the instances that they occur throughout Crossplot.
Selecting Fonts
You can select a font from a list of 13 fonts The default font in
Crossplot is Roman Simplex. The following table provides an example
of the available fonts.
To select a font, click on the drop-down box that contains the font
name. Position the cursor over the desired font and press MB1 to select
it.
Font Name
Sample Text and Number
Roman Simplex
Script Simplex
Roman DuplexS
Italic DuplexS
Roman Duplex
Italic Duplex
SanSerif Duplex
Script Duplex
Roman Complex
Italic Complex
German Gothic
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Font Name
Sample Text and Number
English Gothic
Italian Gothic
Selecting Line Styles

You can chose a line style from a palette of 5 styles. To change the style
of a line, click on the drop-down box with the image of the line on it,
move the cursor to the desired line style, and press MB1 to select it.
Selecting Symbols
You can chose a symbol from a palette of 121 symbols. To change the
well symbol, click on the arrow next to the symbol to access the symbol
palette. Position the cursor over the desired symbol and press MB1 to
select it.\
Selecting Colors from the Color Palette

There are several places in Crossplot Setup where you may specify a
color for a curve, line, etc. To select a color from the palette of 64
colors, click on the color button next to the option.
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A color palette appears:
To choose a color, simply click on it with MB1.
Using the Locate Point Mode

By pressing Shift-MB1 on a data point or on a log curve, you can select
a point on the Crossplot, Log Tracks, or 3D Crossplot display and
view the information associated with it. Point information, which is
displayed in the status area, tells you:
which well the point belongs to

the points values at the x, y, and z axes
the points depth value and
whether or not the point is active (TRUE or FALSE).
When you locate a point in one of the three displays, the information is
broadcast to any of the other Crossplot displays that is open.
Crossplot shows the Located Point as an open circle with lines

extending from the circle at the top, bottom, left, and right (the
dry hole symbol).
Log Tracks shows the Located Point by a horizontal line in the

depth track at the points depth, and by dry hole symbols at the
same depth at the value locations for all plotted curves.
3D Crossplot shows the Located Point as a dry hole symbol.
The Line Color and Fill Color of the Located Point symbol can be
specified in the Crossplots frame of the Crossplot: Plot Parameters
tab of the Setup window.
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The following figure illustrates a Located Point (also known as the

Selected Point).
Located Point
Point Information
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Workflow Details
This section and the following Crossplot Application Details are the
heart of the reference part of this documentation. This section provides
the details of the workflows addressed in the How Do I...? section.
Workflows from a software perspective

How do I create a crossplot?
1.
In the Wells and Intervals tab:

a. Select the wells you want, then press the APPLY WELL
SELECTIONS button under the well list.
b. Select the interval you want. If you selected an Interval
Range, enter the depths. If you selected Intervals
(StratUnits), select the StratUnits that you want. The selected
StratUnits do not have to be contiguous.
3.
In the Crossplot tab, Data Display sub-tab:

a. Select the curves by typing the curve identifier (Curve Alias,
Curve Name, or Curve Details) in the text box, or by clicking
on the ellipsis () button to the right of any of the text boxes
in the Curve column. In the Curve Selection window that
appears, you can choose to select the curves by Curve Alias,
Curve Name, or (if only one well is selected) Curve Details.
b. Click on the curve that you want. If you want to choose a curve
for another axis, click on the ellipsis button in that axis, then
click on the curve you want in the Curve Selection window.
You DO NOT have to close the Curve Selection window after
each curve selection, but you DO have to click on the
appropriate ellipsis button to re-focus the Curve Selection
window to the axis that you want to modify.
3.
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Click the Apply button at the bottom of the Setup window.
Crossplots: Workflow Details
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NOTES:
If you start with the crossplot defaulted to a blank plot, the Scales From column in Crossplot:
Data Display will be defaulted to Curve Dictionary for each axis. The numbers in the Bottom/
Left Value and Top/Right Value columns (which indicate the scale endpoints) will NOT reflect
the Curve Dictionary values.
The Curve Dictionary entries are built for log displays. For some curves, such as the porosity
curves, the crossplot scales are reversed from the log display scales. For those curves, select
Inverted Dictionary for the Scales From selection.
You can enter your own scale values by first selecting User Selected in the Scales From
selection, then entering the Scale Type and scale values.
Did you get a reasonable crossplot? If not, read on in the documentation, or go to page 16, which
is the starting point to get to more detailed instructions.
If you got a crossplot and are still feeling lucky, you can go to other tabs and try adding other
features to the crossplot, or try bringing up the Log Tracks or Histograms displays. Remember
that Guide to Crossplot Features will guide you to detailed instructions for each of the features
in Crossplot.
One hint on using the other features in Crossplot: Make sure that after you've set up the parameters
for the features that you want, the button corresponding to that feature is clicked ON in the Active
Components frame at the right side of the Setup window.
Workflows from a geoscience perspective

How do I estimate formation water resistivity, Rw?
1.
2.
3.
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In the Configuration File tab, Load Configuration File... and

select the file D.PickettPlot. This will plot porosity on a
logarithmic y-axis against resistivity on a logarithmic x-axis.
Pick the wells that you want to plot on the Wells and
Intervals tab. If no data appeared on the plot, you may need
to re-select the curves on the Crossplot > Data Display tab.
In the Active Components frame of the Setup interface, select
Pickett Plot... The Pickett Plot Parameters window appears.
The cementation exponent value, m, is defaulted to 2.0. Either
keep the default or set the value to an appropriate m value for the
formation.
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4.
Click on the Pickett 1 Point Mode button on the right side of the
Crossplot Main Window. As you move the cursor into the
crossplot area, a line appears on the plot. Move the line until most
of the points on the plot lie above and to the left, then click MB1 to
set the line on the plot. The line should go through the waterbearing points in the formation. See the following figure as an
example.
5.
Read the value of formation water resistivity, Rw, from the box on
the Pickett Plot Parameters window, or from the lower-left corner
of the crossplot display. The display also shows lines of decreasing
water saturation, against which the points can be compared.
See Pickett Plot window for details about using Pickett Plots and
the Pickett Plot functionality in Crossplot.
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How do I estimate shaly sand parameters?

Shaly, or clay-containing, sandstones are a problem because the Archie
water saturation equation does not account for the electrical
conductivity added to the formation because of the presence of clay.
Over time, a number of shaly sand saturation (and porosity) equations
have been developed. Most require quantities such as shale volume
(Vshale), shale resistivity (Rshale), and shale density (RHOshale)
which are incorporated into the equations to account for shale effects.
One approach to determining those properties is to estimate shale
values from log displays. If the shales are thinly bedded or variable,
however, the task may be difficult. Another way to determine shale
parameters is through crossplots, plotting the quantity (resistivity or
density, for example) against a shale indicator such as gamma ray or
spontaneous potential (SP).
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1.
In the Wells and Intervals tab select the wells that you want to
use and pick Total Well Interval for the interval to be plotted.
2.
In the Crossplot > Data Display tab, select the quantity from
which you want to determine the shale value on the y-axis, and the
select the shale indicator (gamma ray or SP) on the x-axis. If you
are determining a shale resistivity, use a logarithmic y-axis to
account for the normally wide range of resistivity values.
3.
In the Other Plots > Histograms tab, activate the Display

Histograms button, and make sure that the x-axis and y-axis
curves are set to display. If necessary, modify the display
quantities to meet your needs.
4.
Click the Apply button to see the crossplot and histogram.
5.
In the crossplot window, polygon the points at the shaliest value

(highest gamma ray or least negative SP). The crossplot and
histograms will redraw with the selected points highlighted.
6.
Read the shale values of the quantities from the cursor position, or
from the values shown on the histograms.
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The figure below illustrates the determination of shale resistivity.
The histograms show

only the active points.
Rshale = 0.83 ohm.m
The value for another shale
parameter, GRclean, can be
determined by observation of the
crossplot, at 25 API Units.
GRshale = 94 API Units
How do I estimate formation lithology and porosity?

Porosity and lithology can be visually (qualitatively) estimated from
porosity crossplots; the Neutron-Density crossplot is the most common.
The position of the point on the crossplot, with respect to the lithology
lines, predicts both the points lithology and porosity, as shown in the
illustration below.
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1.
In the Configuration File tab, click the Load Configuration

File... button, move to the directory which contains the default
configuration files, and select the D.NeutDen... file that
corresponds to the measurement system that you are using: .US for
US Oil Field, .CM for Canadian Metric, or .SPE for SPE
Preferred. (You can also enter the plot parameters in the
Crossplot > Data Display tab.)
2.
The configuration file loads and the crossplot redisplays

automatically. If the data does not display, the well may not have
the necessary curves, or the curve names may not be included in
the Curve Aliases that are used in the plot. You can modify the plot
as needed in the Crossplot > Data Display tab.
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3.
Go to the Overlays > Neutron/Density/Sonic/Pe tab and make

sure that the overlay is appropriate for the type of neutron log and
the Service Company that acquired the data. If not, re-select the
Service Company and the Chart Number and click Apply.
4.
Estimate the porosity and lithology from the crossplot, as follows:

The lithology of a point is determined by its proximity to the
three lithology lines; sandstone, limestone, and dolomite;
and to the proximity to mineral points such as anhydrite.
The porosity of a point is estimated from its location along
the line (the numbers on the lines indicate porosity, in
percent). For points that are between lines, porosity is
estimated by connecting points of equal porosity on the
lines.
See the illustration below as an example.
A mix of quartz
and calcite.
The green point has a porosity of about

15%, and is a dolomite, perhaps with a
little calcite (its position is off the dolomite
line, toward the limestone (calcite) line).
Points
containing
anhydrite.
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Crossplot Window Descriptions

This section and the previous Workflow Details section are the heart
of the reference part of this documentation. This section describes in
detail all the components in the various windows in Crossplot,
including the all the components on all the tabs in the Setup window.
Each section begins with a picture of the window, continues with a
description of how to use the window (if necessary), and ends with a
detailed description of each component.
Crossplot window
The figure below illustrates the CrossPlot main window.
Main Menu
Setup window
access
Polygon & Zoom
Icons
Forced Point and

User-Defined Points
Pickett Tools & Tool

Cancel Icons
Crossplot Display Area
Status Bars
Status Area
The Wells and Intervals tab, Crossplot: Data Display tab, and
Crossplot: Plot Parameters tab sections of this documentation
describe how to create a crossplot.
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Crossplot Window Components

Main Menu
The Main Menu contains one item: File
The File menu contains two options:
Clear Status Area clears the status area at the bottom of the
window.
Exit allows you to exit the Crossplot application, with options to

preserve the current Crossplot display.
Setup window button

The Setup button starts the Crossplot Setup window, in which the
parameters for crossplot and related plots are specified.
Icon list
Polygon Icons
The Polygon tools enable you to select points from the crossplot by
drawing inclusive or exclusive polygons and cancel the polygon.
Select Inclusive Polygon: Points inside the polygon are active.
Select Exclusive Polygon: Points outside the polygon are active.
Cancel Polygon: Deletes the current polygon.
The Using a Polygon in Crossplot section of the documentation

explains the creation of polygons.
Zoom Icons
You can zoom in on the crossplot display be creating a zoom box which
defines the limits of the zoom.
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Zoom to Selected Window zooms the display to the window that

you specify. At least 10 levels of zoom are available.
Cancel Zoom Window returns the display to its original size. If

more than one level of zoom has been selected, all are cancelled at
the same time.
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Forced Point Icons

The Forced Point icons enable you to add and delete a single forced
point from the crossplot display. A Forced Point can be used (with
other data) in determining regression lines.
Set Regression Forced Point adds a Forced Point to the current

set of data. Regression lines are forced through this point.
Cancel Regression Forced Point cancels the Forced Point.
User Defined Points Icons

The User Points icons allow you to add and delete User Points from the
display. User Points can be used (with other data) in determining
regression lines.
Set User Regression Points adds User Defined Points to the

current set of data. Up to 200 User Points can be selected.
Cancel User Regression Points clears user defined points from

the display. All User Points are cancelled at the same time.
Pickett Plot Icons

Pickett Plots are graphical solutions to the Archie water saturation
equation. The Pickett Plot icons are only available if the Grid Type for
both x- and y-axes is logarithmic. Use the tools to draw an adjustable
100% water saturation line on a Pickett plot and calculate Rw, a, m, n.
See the Pickett Plot window section for more information about the
use of Pickett Plots.
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Pickett 1 Point: draws the water-bearing line through a userspecified location using the current m value to determine the slope
of the line.
Pickett 2 Point: draws a line through two user-defined points.
Pickett aRw-1 Point: draws a line that intercepts the current

a*Rw value. You pivot the line about that point to determine the
slope of the line, m.
Pickett Regression: posts a Least Squares Fit line through the

active crossplot points.
Cancel Pickett: removes all water saturation lines from the plot.
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Crossplot Display Area

The graphical space where the crossplot and other information are
displayed.
Status Bars
The top Status Bar shows:
the x- and y-values of the current position of the cursor.
the number of active and total points in the crossplot.
The bottom Status Bar shows the status of:
the polygon in the crossplot (2D Polygon),
the polygon in the 3D crossplot (3D Polygon),
Depth Bounding in the Log Tracks,
Histogram Bounding, and
Zoom Window.
Status Area
A variety of messages are shown here which tell you what data has
been used for the plots, and the results of your activities in Crossplot
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Log Tracks window

The figure below illustrates the Log Tracks window.
Main Menu
Zoom Icons
Depth
Bounding
Icons
Log Tracks
Display Area
Status Bars
Status Area
The Other Plots: Log Tracks tab section describes how to define and
display log tracks in Crossplot.
Log Tracks Window Components

Main Menu
The Main Menu contains the following menu items:
File
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Print... allows you to print the Log Tracks Window.
Close closes the Log Tracks window. To keep the Log Tracks
window from reappearing when the Setup window Apply button
is pressed. Click the Log Tracks checkbutton in the View frame of
the Active Components frame in the Setup window.
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View
Depth Bounding allows you to set a depth range in each well

which identifies data in this plot and any others that are open. The
menu items provide the same functionality as the Depth Bounding
icons.
Inclusive makes the points inside the bounded depth range
active.
Exclusive makes the points outside the bounded depth range
active.
Cancel cancels the depth bounding.
Zoom expands the depth scale of the plot without making the plot
wider. At least 10 levels of zoom are available. These menu items
provide the same functionality as the zoom icons.
In increases the zoom by a fixed amount.
Out decreases the zoom by a fixed amount, one zoom step at
a time.
Cancel cancels the zoom and returns the plot to its original
display.
Options
Cursor Tracking sets the readout of the cursor position in
the Status Bars
Curve Values shows the values of the curves at the
position of the cursor.
Position shows the scale values at the position of the
cursor
Icon List
Zoom
The Zoom icons provide the same functionality as the View > Zoom
menu.
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Zoom In expands the depth scale by a fixed amount while leaving

the plot width the same.
Zoom Out contracts the depth scale by a fixed amount (one zoom
step at a time) while leaving the plot width the same.
Cancel Zoom cancels the zoom and returns the plot to its original
state.
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Depth Bounding
Depth Bounding allows you to set a depth range in each well which
identifies data in this plot and any others that are open. The icons
provide the same functionality as the Depth Bounding menu items.
Inclusive Depth Bounding makes the points inside the bounded

depth range active.
Exclusive Depth Bounding makes the points outside the bounded

depth range active.
Cancel Depth Bounding cancels the depth bounding.
The Depth Bounding in Log Tracks section explains how to use depth
bounding.
Log Tracks Display Area

Log tracks are displayed in a 3-track mode for each well. The wells are
displayed side-by-side and the display can be scrolled horizontally to
expose the wells that you are interested in.
The well name is shown over each well in the color set in the Well
Colors and Symbols frame of the Crossplot: Plot Parameters tab.
The curve names are shown above the track in which the curve is
plotted, with the left and right scale values and the units of
measurement.
Status Bars
The Status Bars show the either the Curve Values or the Scale Values of
the displayed curves, depending on the setting of the Options > Cursor
Tracking menu item.
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Status Area
been used for the plots, and the results of your activities in the
Crossplot application.
Z-Axis Marker Highlights Points in Log Tracks.
If you create a Marker in the Z-Axis Color window (in the Crossplot: Data Display tab, Curve
Attributes frame), and move the Marker over the Z-Axis Color Bar, the corresponding points in
the 3D Crossplot and Log Tracks will be highlighted.
The behavior will only happen if the 3D Crossplot and Log Tracks windows are on the same
screen as the main Crossplot window.
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Histogram Window
The figure below illustrates the Histogram window.
Main Menu
X-Axis bounding
Y-Axis bounding
Z-Axis bounding
OptCurve 1 bounding
OptCurve 2 bounding
OptCurve 3 bounding
Histogram
Display Area
Status Bar
Status Area
The Other Plots: Histograms tab section describes how to define and
display histograms in Crossplot.
Histogram Window Components

Main Menu
The Main Menu consists of the following items:
File
Print... invokes the Histogram Print window.
Close closes the Histogram window. To keep the Histogram

window from appearing the next time you press the Setup window
Apply button, you must also turn off histograms with either the
Display Histograms button on the Other Plots: Histograms tab
or the Histograms button in the View frame in the Active
Components frame on the Setup window.
View
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Axis Value Bounding

X-Axis, Y-Axis, and Z-Axis initiate the value bounding for
the X-, Y-, and Z-axis respectively.
Cancel X Axis, Cancel Y Axis and Cancel Z Axis remove
the value bounding for the X-, Y-, and Z-axis respectively.
Optional Curve Value Bounding

Optional 1, Optional 2, and Optional 3 initiate the value
bounding for the three optional curves.
Cancel Optional 1, Cancel Optional 2, and Cancel
Optional 3 remove the value bounding for the three
optional curves.
Icons
There are six sets of icons: for the three axes and the three optional
curves. The histograms in the icons are color-coded to the histogram
colors of their respective histogram rows, as well as being labeled for
the curve positions shown in the Setup window Other Plots:
Histogram tab.
Value Bounding
Value bounding allows you to set limits of the values for valid data for
each histogram curve. The icons perform the same function as the
options in the View menu.
Enable... Value Bounding enables the value bounding for

individual curves (shown as rows of histograms).
Cancel... Value Bounding cancels the value bounding for

individual curves (shown as rows of histograms).
The Value Bounding in Histograms section explains how to use value

bounding.
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Histogram Display Area

Histograms are displayed in columns for each well, from the axis
curves at the top of the column to the optional curves at the bottom of
the column. The two last columns display cumulative/composite
histograms of all wells currently displayed. The All Wells Cumulative
histogram combines all the data from all displayed wells in one
histogram. The Composite - All Wells histogram overlays the separate
histograms for each well on top of each other for quick data checks.
The overlaid histograms are in the color specified for each well in the
Crossplot display.
Rows of histograms are displayed from common curves.
Well A
Well B
Well n
Well C
X-Axis Curve
...
Y-Axis Curve
...
Z-Axis Curve
...
...
...
...
...
Cumulative Composite
...
...
...
Opt. Curve 3
Status Bar
The Status Bar shows the curve value and distribution value in the
histogram in which the cursor is placed.
Status Area
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Frequency Crossplot window

The picture below illustrates the Frequency Crossplot window.
Frequency crossplots are displayed in the main Crossplot window, and
can be displayed with or without the original data.
Number of points in
each column
Number of points in
each row
Number of points in
each cell, shown in
Single Character
mode (using Roman
Numerals for ranges of
numbers).
The plot above has the data

points plotted as a
background. The plot below
shows the frequencies only.
A second frequency crossplot

with Crossplot gridlines off,
Frequency Crossplot gridlines
on, posted values shown as
Frequency, and frequency color
from Average Z-Axis.
The Other Plots: Frequency Crossplot tab section describes how to

define and display frequency plots in Crossplot.
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Frequency Crossplot Window Components

The Frequency Crossplot is displayed in the main Crossplot window.
All the components, described in the Crossplot window section, are
unchanged.
Additional items which appear in the Crossplot Display Area are:
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Numbers along the top edge of the plot which indicate the total
number of points in each column.
Numbers along the right edge of the plot which indicate the total
number of points in each row.
When Posted Values is set to Single Character, a legend

describing the range of values represented by each Roman
Numeral is posted in the bottom right of the graphics display area.
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3D Crossplot window
The figure below illustrates the 3D Crossplot window.
Main Menu
Polygon and
Zoom
View Rotation
Special
Functions
Cube Face
Status Bar
Status Area
The 3D Crossplot cube is viewed in terms of a camera model. In this

model, the cube is a stationary object, and the user moves around the
object. Six rotational tools, described below, change the viewers
location with respect to the three axes of the cube. The arrows on each
icon indicate the direction of movement of the viewer, not of the cube.
The Other Plots: 3D Crossplot tab section describes how to define
and display 3D crossplots.
3D Crossplot Window Components

Main Menu
The Main Menu consists of the following items. Icons that provide the
same functionality are shown next to the corresponding menu item.
File
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Print... invokes the 3D Display Print window.
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Close closes the 3D Display window. To keep the 3D Display

window from appearing the next time you press the Setup window
Apply button, you must also turn off 3D Crossplots with either the
Display 3D Crossplot button on the Other Plots: 3D Crossplot
tab or the 3D Crossplot button in the View frame in the Active
Components frame on the Setup window.
View. See the illustrations in the Cube Orientation section which show
rotation directions.
Move changes the inclination angle at which the cube is viewed by

the amount specified by the Inclination Change parameter in the
Other Plots: 3D Crossplot tab in the Setup window.
Up increases the viewing inclination angle. You can click
MB2 to get the same behavior.
Down decreases the viewing inclination angle. You can click
Control-MB2 to get the same behavior.
Rotate rotates you view about one of the axes.
Left About Y-Axis rotates your view to the left about the Yaxis; the cube appears to move to the right. You can click
Right About Y-Axis rotates your view to the right about the
Y-axis; the cube appears to move to the left. You can click
Up About X-Axis rotates your view up around the X-axis;
the cube appears to rotate down.
Down About X-Axis rotates your view down around the Xaxis; the cube appears to rotate up.
Clockwise About Z-Axis rotates your view clockwise
around the Z-axis; the cube appears to rotate counterclockwise.
Counter-Clockwise About Z-Axis rotates your view
counter-clockwise around the Z-axis; the cube appears to
rotate clockwise.
Zoom changes the size of the cube by the amount specified by the
Zoom Factor (percent) parameter in the Other Plots: 3D
Crossplot tab in the Setup window. There are at least 10 levels of
zoom available.
In enlarges the size of the cube one level at a time.
Out reduces the size of the cube one level at a time.
Cancel returns the display to its normal size.
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Continuous Mode is used in conjunction with the Rotate tools to

continuously move the display in one of the two modes described
below.
Animate moves the cube in one of the rotation or inclination
directions until the Stop icon or menu item is used. Select
this menu item or click on the icon, then select the menu
item or click on the icon of the direction in which you want
the cube to move.
Rock moves the cube back and forth in one of the rotation or
inclination directions until the Stop icon or menu item is
used. Select this menu item or click on the icon, then select
the menu item or click on the icon of the direction in which
you want the cube to rock.
Stop ends the Animate or Rock motion of the cube.
Animate and Rock Require More Processing Time
The use of the animate and rock modes with large datasets on lowperformance machines is not recommended. When rotating the cube in 3D in
the animate or rock mode, the CrossPlot Main Window, the 3D Display
window and the 3D Stereo Display Window must be redrawn anytime
another window is placed on top of them. Redrawing may take a very long
time depending upon how many points are being displayed in the crossplot.
Cube Faces immediately snaps the view so that you are looking
directly at the face of the cube that you have selected.
Front snaps the cube to the front face view.
Back snaps the cube to the backface view.
Left snaps the cube to the left face view.
Right snaps the cube to the right face view.
Top snaps the cube to the top face view.
Bottom snaps the cube to bottom face view.
Note that the plotted points are opaque, so viewing the cube
from a different angle may obscure features such as
highlighted and active points.
Polygon enables you to select data by drawing a polygon on the
3D Crossplot. The polygon is projected through the entire 3D
view, perpendicular to the view. If the view is rotated after the
polygon is created, the polygon outline will disappear, but the
points will retain (and show) their activity state.
Inclusive makes the points inside the polygon active.
Exclusive makes the points outside the polygon active.
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View Angle returns the cube to the orientation at the time

the polygon was drawn.
Cancel deletes the polygon.
Creating a polygon is explained in the Using a Polygon in 3D
Crossplot section, and the interaction of polygons in Crossplot and 3D
Crossplot is explained in Polygon Interaction in Crossplot Displays.
Stereo View... opens a second 3D Crossplot window with the cube

oriented at an angle suitable for stereoscopic viewing. The details
of stereoscopic viewing are displayed in Displaying the 3D
Crossplot in Stereo.
Cube Orientation
Y Rotation Axis
Y-Axis
X Rotation Axis
X-Axis
Z Rotation Axis
180
View Point
Azimuth 45 Inclination 40
90
270
40
45
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Icons
All the icons on the interface are equivalent to items in the Main
Menu: View option. The icon pictures and their descriptions are listed
in the Main Menu section immediately above.
Status Bar
The Status Bar shows the azimuth and inclination of the data cube.
Status Area
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Displaying the 3D Crossplot in Stereo

Use the 3D Display option View > Stereo View to generate a display of
the cube that you can view stereoscopically. This option generates a
companion image to the one displayed in the 3D Display window.
When placed side by side (using View > Sync Window from the 3D
Display Stereo menu), the two-dimensional images can be viewed as
one three-dimensional object.
The Stereo Separation Angle is reported in the

status area of the 3D Stereo Display window.
To change the separation angle, select
View > Display Attributes from the 3D Stereo View
window. The Define 3D Stereo Attributes panel
appears.
The Stereo Separation Angle controls the difference in angle between

the two images. When viewed properly, each eye looks at a separate
image and your brain causes the images to fuse, giving the perception
of three dimensions.
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The greater the magnitude of the Separation Angle (positive or

negative), the more depth is revealed. When the magnitude of the angle
gets too big, however, the images become too different for the brain to
easily fuse them into one image. 3D Stereo Display defaults to a five
degree Separation Angle, which generally works quite well.
Stereoscopic vision is based on the fact that our two eyes view objects
from two slightly different vantage points. The brain combines these
two different images into a single three-dimensional image.
Stereoscopic Viewing Methods

There are two methods of viewing the 3D Display and Stereo Display
windows stereoscopically: the parallel method and the cross-eyed
method.
Parallel Method
3D
Display
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Stereo
Display
With the parallel method, you view the 3D Display window with your
left eye and the Stereo View window with your right eye. Because the
distance between the center of the eyes is approximately 3 inches and
because the lines of sight between the eyes must remain parallel, resize
each window so that it is about 3 inches square (or less). Make sure you
Sync Window before attempting to view the cubes.
1.
Set the Stereo Separation Angle to a positive value (approx. +5).
2.
Over the top of your monitor, focus on an object in the distance.
3.
Using your peripheral vision, notice that there is a third image of

the cube between the 3D Display and Stereo View.
4.
While maintaining the distant focal point, move your eyes to the
third image on the screen. You may need to shift your position
forward or back, but when the screen is at the right position, your
eyes should focus automatically and the three-dimensional image
will come into view.
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Cross-eyed Method
3D
Display
Stereo
Display
With the cross-eyed method, you view the 3D Display window with
your right eye and the Stereo View window with your left eye. Because
the lines of sight of each eye is not parallel, you can adjust the 3D
Display and Stereo Display to larger sizes than the parallel method.
Make sure you Sync Window before attempting to view the cubes.
1.
Set the Stereo Separation Angle to a negative value (approx. 5).
2.
Hold up your finger in front of your nose.
3.
Look at the tip of your finger. (Your eyes should be crossed.)
4.
Maintain your focus on your finger tip and look at the screen.
5.
Move your finger forward and back and until you see three images
of the cube.
6.
While maintaining the focal point, look at the third image. The
image should appear to be three-dimensional.
Z-Axis Marker Highlights Points in 3D Crossplot.

If you create a Marker in the Z-Axis Color window (in the Crossplot: Data
Display tab, Curve Attributes frame), and move the Marker over the Z-Axis
Color Bar, the corresponding points in the 3D Crossplot and Log Tracks will be
highlighted.
The behavior will only happen if the 3D Crossplot and Log Tracks windows are
on the same screen as the main Crossplot window.
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Second Dimension Crossplot window

The figure below illustrates the Second Dimension Crossplot window.
Main Menu
Depth Readout
Display Window
Status Bar
Status Window
The Second Dimension Plot allows you to see one sample of a twodimensional curve at a time. The Other Plots: Second Dimension
Plot tab section describes how to define and display two-dimensional
data.
Second Dimension Crossplot Window Components

Main Menu
The Main Menu consists of one item.
File
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Print... invokes the Log Track Print window.
Close closes the 2nd Dimension Plot window. To keep the 2nd
Dimension Plot window from appearing the next time you press
the Setup window Apply button, you must also turn off 2nd
Dimension Plots with either the Display Second Dimension Plot
button on the Other Plots: Second Dimension Plot tab or the 2nd
Dimension button in the View frame in the Active Components
frame on the Setup window.
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Depth Readout
This area shows the Current Depth of the data in the display, the depth
limits of the curve (Top: and Bottom:), and arrow buttons that allow
you to move up or down to the next data sample.
Display Window
The Display Window shows one sample from the second dimension
curve, over the curve value (Y-axis) and index value (X-axis) ranges
specified in the Second Dimension Plot tab on the Setup interface.
The curve identifier and the current depth are displayed above the
display grid, and the units of measurement (uom) of the curve is also
displayed.
Status Bar
The Status Bar shows the curve value and index value of the position
of the cursor.
Status Window
Understanding the Second Dimension Plot Display
When displaying data in Second Dimension Plot, the Multi-D Curve Selection
window will only show curves from the first well that has been selected.
Workaround: Before displaying multidimensional curves, select only one

well in the Wells and Intervals tab.
The window initially displays the Top Depth as the current depth for selected
curve unless you have picked a depth in the main Crossplot window. The Bottom
Depth value is also displayed. The well name is displayed at the top of the grid in
the color you specified for the well in the Crossplot: Plot Parameters pane.
The curve name and curve itself are displayed in the color you selected in the
Crossplot: Plot Parameters pane. The y axis is the range of Second Dimension
Values you specified or (default) the curves Min Value (See Value StorageUom)
and Max Value as shown in the OpenWorks Well Data Manager.
The x axis is the range you specified for the Second Dimension Index or (default)
zero to the Second Dimension Npts value as specified in the OpenWorks Well
Data Manager.
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Setup window
This section details the functionality and behavior of components on all
16 tabs and the Active Components frame in the Setup window.
Active Components frame

Active Components Frame
Using the Active Components frame

This frame runs the length of the right side of the Setup window. It is
visible no matter what tab is currently selected. Except for items in the
Other Functionality frame, each of the buttons or drop-down menus
here has a corresponding button on a tab. The buttons here allow you to
turn specific tab functionality on or off without returning to that tab.
When you click a button here, all the functionality of the tab is turned
off or on.
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For example, if you have a Neutron-Density overlay with several

additional minerals displayed on the crossplot, the Neut/Den/Son/Pe
button will be on. Clicking the button off will turn off all the overlay
features (lithology lines and mineral points) but will not otherwise
change the crossplot display.
Active Components frame details

View frame
Component
Definition
Default
Log Tracks
Turns Log Tracks off or on. Uses the display parameters which
are currently active.
Off
Histograms
Turns Histograms off or on. Uses the display parameters which

are currently active.
Off
Frequency
Turns the Frequency Plot off or on. Uses the display parameters
which are currently active.
Off
3D Crossplot
Turns the 3D Crossplot off or on. Uses the display parameters

which are currently active.
Off
2nd Dimension
Turns the 2nd Dimension Plot off or on. Uses the display
parameters which are currently active.
Off
Centroid
Turns the Centroid off or on. The Centroid shows the average
value for all active points on the crossplot.
Off
Statistics frame
Component
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Default
Regression
Lines
Turns Regression Lines off or on. Uses the display parameters

which are currently active. Regression lines can be plotted for any
combination of active points, weighted user-defined points, and
one forced point, or through user-input coefficients.
Off
Gradient
Methods
Turns Gradient Methods lines off or on. Uses the display

parameters which are currently active. Lines can be determined for
any combination of active points, weighted user-defined points,
and one forced point through linear regression or through usersupplied coefficients. The intersections of up to 4 lines are
determined here.
Off
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Crossplot Points frame

Component
Definition
Default
Discriminators
Turns Discriminators off or on. Uses the display parameters

which are currently active. Discriminators are methods of
comparing curve values to constant values or to values of other
curves to limit the display of data points.
Off
Color
Defines the representation of the color of each data point. The

color of a point can represent the:
Well from which it came,
Interval from which it came,
value of the Z-Axis curve.
Z-Axis
Symbol
Defines the representation of the symbol of each data point. The

symbol which indicates the location of a point on the plot can
represent the:
Well from which the point comes,
Interval from which the point comes.
Well
Overlays frame
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Component
Definition
Neu/Den/Son/Pe
Turns the lithology line and mineral point overlays off or on. Uses
the display parameters which are currently active. The available
overlays are for the following crossplots: Neutron-Density,
Neutron-Sonic, Sonic-Density, and Spectral Density (RHOB-Pe).
The overlays are also selectable on the basis of the acquisition
(service) company source and the vintage of the logging tool.
Overlays respond to changes in fluid properties.
Off
Apparent
Matrix
Turns the mineral triangle and mineral point overlays off or on.
Uses the display parameters which are currently active. Two
mineral triangles are available, with the vertices of the triangles
determined from the list of minerals, including two user-specified
minerals.
Off
M-N Lithology
Turns the mineral triangle and mineral point overlays off or on.
Uses the display parameters which are currently active. Two
mineral triangles are available, with the vertices of the triangles
determined from the list of minerals, including two user-specified
minerals.
Off
User Overlay
Turns all the selected user overlays off or on. Uses the display
parameters which are currently active. Up to 5 user overlays can
be displayed at one time
Off
Default
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Other Functionality frame

Component
Definition
Default
Send
Information
Opens the Send Information window. The window sends the

values (minimum, maximum, average) of the set of active points,
well names, and selected point and cursor locations to other
applications and products via the Landmark PD mechanism.
Off
Create Flag
Curve
Opens the Create Flag Curve window. The window provides for
a user-named curve with values of 1 for active points and zero for
inactive points on the crossplot.
Off
Pickett Plot
Opens the Pickett Plot window. The window provides status,

input, and PD capabilities for values in a Pickett plot (a porosityresistivity plot which predicts formation water resistivity,
cementation exponent, and water saturation values).
Off
Print
Opens the Print window. A variety of file formats are available

for printing. This window produces a file to be printed, rather than
printing the crossplot directly to a printer.
Off
Details of the behavior of the components initiated by the buttons in the

Other Functionality frame are explained in the sections corresponding
to the windows that are initiated.
Buttons at the bottom of the window

Apply causes the crossplot and any other plot windows to be redrawn
using the parameters set in all the tabs of the interface. Note that
changes to parameters can be made in any or all the tabs on the
interface, before clicking the Apply button.
Close closes the Setup window without applying any parameter
changes to the crossplot and other plot windows. The active plots are
not redrawn when Close is pressed.
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Wells and Intervals tab

The Wells and Intervals tab enables you to select the wells and intervals
that you want displayed in the various graphical windows in Crossplot.
One or more wells can be displayed over the entire well interval, a
common depth interval, or one or more named intervals (StratUnits).
Selecting Wells and Intervals

Use the following procedure to select wells and intervals:
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1.
Click on one or more wells in the Well List on the left side of the
window to select them. (See the following Well Selection frame
section for well selection details.)
2.
Click the APPLY WELL SELECTIONS button below the list.

This gets well information from the OpenWorks database, and if
there are any StratUnits defined for the selected wells, the Interval
List is activated and populated with StratUnits.
3.
Select the interval or intervals on the right side of the window.

(See the following Interval Selection frame section for interval
selection details.)
4.
When you have selected the wells and intervals that you want,
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a. Go to another tab to continue defining the crossplot parameters

and functionality, if you have not done so already, or
b. Click the Apply button at the bottom of the window to
generate the crossplot.
The Crossplot window section shows and describes the Crossplot
window.
Wells and Intervals tab component details

WELL SELECTION: Search/Filter String frame
Allows the user to search or filter items in the Well List. See the Table
Behavior in Crossplot section of the documentation for a detailed
explanation of the functionality.
WELL SELECTION: Well List frame

The Well List consists of the following columns (in fixed order): Well
id (Oracle-generated value), UWI (unique well identifier), Common
name, Well Operator, Well name, Well number, Total depth, Current
Status.
The list can be sorted by column contents by clicking in the header of
the desired column. The first click adds a + to the column name and
sorts the table in descending alphabetical order. A second click adds a
- to the column name and sorts the table in ascending alphabetical
order.
Shift-MB1 causes a contiguous set of rows to be selected. ControlMB1 causes non-contiguous rows to be selected.
The table can be scrolled horizontally and vertically.
The Select All button selects all active (visible) rows.
The Select None button deselects all active (visible) rows.
The display at the bottom of the frame shows the number of:
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Visible rows after any applied filter (Displayed),
Currently selected rows (Selected),
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APPLY WELL SELECTIONS button

When pressed, this causes the OpenWorks database to be read for all
selected wells, and causes the Interval List (and Curve Selector in
later tabs) to be populated.
APPLY WELL SELECTIONS
When you select or deselect wells, the Intervals (StratUnits) list and the
Apply button become inactive. Pressing APPLY WELL SELECTIONS
activates those two items, and allows you to execute the Crossplot.
INTERVAL SELECTION frame

Depth Mode sets the depth format to be used in crossplot. The choices
are Measured Depth, and TVD (true vertical depth). The default is
Measured Depth.
Interval radio buttons

The user can chose to plot data over one or more intervals in the
following way:
Total Well Interval plots data from the selected wells over the
interval in each well which contains valid data.
Interval Range allows the user to specify a single interval from a

Top/Minimum depth to a Bottom/Maximum depth. The interval
is over the same depths in all selected wells.
StratUnits allows the user to select one or more named intervals

over which to plot the data.
Search/Filter String frame

Allows the user to search or filter items in the Interval List. See the
Table Behavior in Crossplot section of the documentation for a
detailed explanation of the functionality.
Shift-MB1 causes a contiguous set of rows to be selected. ControlMB1 causes non-contiguous rows to be selected.
The table can be scrolled horizontally and vertically.
Any items in the Interval List will be inactive until the APPLY
WELL SELECTIONS button is pressed.
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The Select All button selects all active (visible) rows.

The Select None button deselects all active (visible) rows.
The display at the bottom of the frame shows the number of:
Rows in the original well list (Total).
Visible rows after any applied filter (Displayed),
Currently selected rows (Selected).

Interval Selection and Data Point Displays
If you select Total Well Interval or Interval Range for your display interval,
AND you have one or more Intervals (StratUnits) selected, the crossplot will
display with a mixture of active and inactive points.
See Appendix 2: Crossplot Display Behavior for the details of the combinations
and the resulting plots.
If you do not want this behavior to occur, you can press the Select None button at
the bottom of the INTERVAL SELECTION frame to de-activate all Interval
(StratUnit) selections.
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Crossplot: Data Display tab

The data display tab enables you to select curves for the X, Y, and Z
axes, set the axis scale values, and if desired, modify other parts of the
crossplot display. The display window and its components are
described in the Crossplot window section of this documentation.
Defining the Crossplot Data Display

The procedure below allows you to produce a crossplot with a
minimum of effort, by accepting the default values for most items on
the pane. Details of the features and functionality of each component
are described in the following section, Data Display Tab Component
Details. The procedure assumes that you have already selected the
wells and intervals to be plotted.
The procedure:
1.
Type the curve identifier (Alias, Name, or Details) in the text box,
or click the ellipsis (...) button to the right of the x-axis text box in
the Curve column. The Curve Selection window appears.
a. If you are using the Curve Selection window, select the curve
selection method, either Curve Aliases, Curve Names, or
Curve Details.
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b. Click once on the curve that you want in the x-axis. The curve
populates the X-Axis Curve text box in the Data Display tab.
(Scales From should be defaulted or set to Curve Dictionary
for the most common scale endpoints.) Some curves, like the
bulk density and acoustic (sonic) traveltime need to have
Scales From set to Inverted Dictionary to plot in an industrystandard format.)
c. Without closing the Curve Selection window, click on the
ellipsis (...) button to the right of the Y-Axis Curve text box.
Click once on the curve that you want in the y-axis.
2.
If you want, you can change the curve selection method

(selection by Alias, Name, or Details) in the Curve
Selection window before selecting the curve; the curve
selection methods can differ for curves on different
axes.
If you want to plot a curve on the z-axis, follow the instructions in
step 4, first clicking on the ellipsis button to the right of the Z-Axis
Curve text box. Click the Close button on the Curve Selection
window when you are done.
3.
You can optionally add titles to the x- and y-axes, change the
default crossplot title, and add a single line of user annotation at
the bottom of the crossplot.
4.
When you have selected the wells and intervals that you want,
either:
The Crossplot window section shows and describes the Crossplot

window.
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Data Display Tab Component Details

Curve Attributes frame
Set Sample Increment determines how the data samples will be
displayed. The choices and the effects of the choices on window
elements is shown below:
Set Sample Increment option
User-Specified
Increment text box
Framework Axis radio buttons
Resample to Smallest Inactive

Increment (default)
Inactive. The data will be sampled

at the smallest increment of the 2 or
3 curves chosen to crossplot.
Resample to Axis
Curve
Inactive
Active. The framework of the data

plotted on the axis that you select
will be used for the crossplot data
framework.
User-Specified
Increment
Active. Enter the

sample increment
that you want to use
for crossplotting
your data.
Inactive.
User-Specified Increment text box allows the user to specify the data
increment to be used when User-Specified Increment is selected in
Set Sample Increment. The measurement units are shown. The default
is:
0.5 feet when measurement systems using depth in Feet are used,
and
0.125 meters when measurement systems using depth in Meters

are used.
Curve From indicates the axis on which the curve will be displayed.
Curve text entry box allows the entry of the curve (Alias, Name, or
Details) directly in the text area.
Ellipsis () button invokes the Curve Selection window and
refocuses the window when it is active. See the Curve Selection
window section of the documentation for information about the
different methods by which you can select log curves.
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Scales From buttons determine where the scale values for each curve
come from. Selections here have effects on other window items:
Option
Scale
Type
Bottom/Left
Value
Top/Right
Value
Divisions
Curve Dictionary (default). Values for Inactive*

Scale Type, and Bottom/Left and Top/
Right scale Value are taken from the
OpenWorks Curve Dictionary entries for
the curve.
Inactive*
Inactive*
Active
Inverted Dictionary. Swaps the

Bottom/Left and Top/Right scale
Value.
Inactive*
Inactive*
Inactive*
Active
Curve Min/Max. Uses the minimum

and maximum values for the curve
chosen for the Bottom/Left and Top/
Right scale Value. The Scale Type can
be set by the user.
Active
Inactive*
Inactive*
Active
Curve Max/Min. Uses the minimum

and maximum values for the curve
chosen for the Bottom/Left and Top/
Right scale Value. The Scale Type can
be set by the user.
Active
Inactive*
Inactive*
Active
User Selected. The user specifies the

Scale Type, and Bottom/Left and Top/
Right scale Values.
Active
Active
Active
Active
* The text field will NOT show the correct scale value for the selected option.
Scale Type determines the type of scale on which the curve will be
plotted. It can be either Linear (default) or Log (logarithmic).
Bottom/Left Value is the scale value at the left side of the x-axis or the
bottom of the y-axis. Its value is determined by the Scales From
selection, with optional user input. The text box will NOT reflect the
correct value unless the Scales From option is set to User Selected.
Top/Right Value is the scale value at the right side of the x-axis or the
top of the y-axis. Its value is determined by the Scales From selection,
with optional user input. The text box will not reflect the correct value
unless the Scales From option is set to User Selected.
UOM shows the units of measurement for the curve on each axis.
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Divisions sets the number of scale divisions for a linear scale. When a
logarithmic scale is chosen, the decades are automatically determined,
but the number in this box will determine the linear placement of the
scale values. For a pleasing presentation, set this number to the number
of decades on the logarithmic axis. The Divisions field accepts whole
numbers only.
Grid Color invokes the color palette from which to select a color for
the x- and y-axis gridlines. Both are defaulted to a medium gray.
Z-Axis Color replaces the Grid Color buttons for the z-axis. This
button invokes the Z-Axis Color Bar, and allows the user to select a
range of colors or a set of colors to represent the values displayed on
the z-axis. See the Z-Axis Color Bar section in this documentation for
more details.
Display Grid allows the grid to be turned off or on for the x- and yaxes. The feature is not available for the z-axis.
Resample to Axis determines the curve to be used as the framework
for plotting the data, when Set Sample Increment is set to Resample
to Axis Curve. The data in the plot will be resampled to the framework
(data spacing) from the curve in the selected axis.
Overlay Current Well on Cumulative Crossplot plots the well
designated as the Current Well in OpenWorks' Project Status over
the data from any other wells selected to be plotted. The active well is
shown in the color specified in the Well Colors and Symbols frame in
the Crossplot: Plot Parameters tab, while the other plotted wells are
shown in the color specified for Inactive Points in All Points frame of
this tab.
Scale Annotation frame

Font allows the user to choose the font style of the curve names and the
scale numbers from the standard PetroWorks list.
Font Color allows the user to choose the font color of the curve names
and the scale numbers from the color palette. It also sets the color of the
depth scale annotation in Log Tracks.
X-Axis Font Size and Y-Axis Font Size allow the user to set the size of
the curve names and scale numbers along the x- and y-axes.
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Background Color determines the color of the background of the

crossplot. This color is also used as the background color for Log
Tracks, Histograms, and 3D Crossplot. Default is white.
Inactive Points Color determines the color of points on the plot which
are excluded by means of polygons in the crossplot, or other limits in
Log Tracks, Histograms, and 3D Crossplot. Default is medium gray.
Axis Labels frame

Text provides text entry for the optional axis labels for the x- and yaxes. The entries are defaulted to blank.
Position allows the x-axis optional label to be placed at the
Bottom of the crossplot (default) or the
Top of the crossplot,
and allows the y-axis optional label to be placed at the
Left side of the crossplot (default) or the
Right side of the crossplot.
Font allows the user to choose the font style of the optional axis labels
from the standard PetroWorks list.
Size allow the user to set the size of the optional axis labels along the xand y-axes.
Color allows the user to choose the font color of the optional axis
labels from the color palette.
Title frame
The text box provides text entry for the optional crossplot title. The
title is defaulted to the form
<x-axis curve>/<y-axis curve>/<z-axis curve> crossplot
as for example
Neutron/Bulk_Density/GR crossplot.
Position allows the Title to be placed at the Top of the crossplot
(default) or the Bottom of the crossplot.
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Font allows the user to choose the font style of the Title from the
standard PetroWorks list.
Size allow the user to set the size of the Title.
Color allows the user to choose the font color of the Title from the
color palette.
User Annotation frame

The text box provides text entry for optional user annotation. The
annotation is placed at the bottom of the crossplot, below the curve
name and the optional x-axis label.
Font allows the user to choose the font style of the optional user
annotation from the standard PetroWorks list.
Size allows the user to set the size of the optional user annotation.
Color allows the user to choose the font color of the optional user
annotation from the color palette.
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Crossplot: Plot Parameters tab

This pane contains optional features for displaying your crossplot, log
tracks, and histograms. The default values on the tab will generally
produce a satisfactory crossplot. You may not want to change the
parameter values on this page until you have created a crossplot, or
until you are ready to produce a crossplot that will be used in a display
or in documentation of your work.
Defining Plot Parameters

The attributes of the components on this page are defaulted to produce
a readable, adequate crossplot, but you may want to modify the
component values to fine-tune the crossplot attributes to meet your
own specific needs.
As described in the following Plot Parameters Tab Component
Details section, you can:
Set the representation of the symbol and its color for each point on
the crossplot,
Determine the colors of a located point when Using the Locate
Point Mode option,
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Turn on a centroid, which graphically shows the location of the

average x- and y- values of the active data points,
Set bounding colors and cursor modes for displays,
Set the context of active data points.
You can also change the representation of data points in wells and
intervals by modifying the symbols for each well and interval, and
setting the color and size of each symbol.
The Crossplot window, Histogram Window, and Log Tracks
window sections show and describe the windows that are affected by
the parameters on this tab.
Plot Parameters Tab Component Details

Crossplots frame
Point Color determines what the point color in the crossplot
represents. The color of a point on the crossplot can represent
a Well (default),
an Interval, or
the value of the curve designated as the Z-Axis curve.
This button duplicates the action of the Color button in the Crossplot
Points frame of the Active Components frame of the interface.
Point Symbol determines what the point symbol in the crossplot
represents. The symbol representation of a point on the crossplot can
represent
a Well, or
an Interval (default).
This button duplicates the action of the Color button in the Crossplot
Points frame of the Active Components frame of the interface.
See Appendix 2: Crossplot Display Behavior for a detailed
description of how Point Color, Point Symbol, and Interval interact
to affect the colors of points in the crossplot.
History Insertions provides either
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Automatic additions to the curve history information (default), or
None (no additions).
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Located Point This allows the user to get information about any point
in crossplot. If you Shift-MB1 on or near any point in a crossplot, the
following information about the point will be displayed in the
Crossplot Status Area at the bottom of the crossplot window: Well
(which the point is in); x-axis value; y-axis value; z-axis value; depth;
status (is the point active in the plot (true) or inactive (false)). The
Using the Locate Point Mode section provides more details of the
functionality.
Line Color controls the color of the line of the Located Point symbol.
Fill Color controls the color of the fill in the Located Point symbol.
Plot Centroid shows or hides the centroid on the crossplot. Setting this
button also sets the Centroid button in the View frame of the Active
Components part of the interface. The centroid is the location of the
mean values of the active points of the crossplot on the x and y axes.
Zoom Window
Border Color allows the user to set the color of the border of the
zoom window.
Cursor Mode changes the behavior of the cursor in zoom mode.

The appearance of the cursor itself remains the same; a cross with
an open center.
-
Rectangle (default) begins a rectangle at the location on the

crossplot where MB1 is depressed. As the cursor is dragged,
the rectangle grows, with the cursor position creating the
opposite corner of the rectangle. When MB1 is released, the
rectangle size is fixed and the display is zoomed to
approximate that area.
Crosshair creates horizontal and vertical lines which extend

from the cursor location to the edges of the crossplot. When
MB1 is depressed, an image of the crosshair is created on the
plot at that location. The original crosshair then moves as the
cursor is dragged. When MB1 is released, the plot is zoomed
to approximate the selected area.
Polygon (Interaction of Crossplot and 3D Crossplot polygons.)
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Logic sets the interaction of the polygon in the crossplot and the
polygon in the 3D crossplot.
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Intersection (default) makes active only those points that are

in both polygons.
Union makes active points that are in either of the polygons.
Border Color sets the color of the polygon borders.
Display of points with

Polygon Logic set to
Intersection.
Display of points with

Polygon Logic set to
Union.
Histograms and Log Tracks frame

Bounding Line Color sets the color of the data bounding lines;
horizontal lines which bound the data by depth in Log Tracks, and
vertical lines which bound the data by value in Histograms. Changes
made to the data selection by the use of the bounding lines and
polygons in the various plots are reflected in all the plots.
All Plots frame

Active Data Defined By determines how data in Log Tracks and
Histograms displayed and how the data is included in calculations,
such as regression lines or determination of the value of the centroid.
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All Data (default) treats all data as active even if it outside the
crossplot display range (for example, data points that fall outside
of the minimum and maximum display scale values). So all data
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even it if falls outside the display range is used in calculations such

as regression lines and seen in Log Plots and Histograms
depending on the scales set in those displays.
Crossplot Main Window shows the data in the main window as

active in the Log Tracks and Histograms window, and uses all
that data in calculations.
Crossplot Zoom Window shows only the data in the zoomed

window as active in the Log Tracks and Histograms window, and
uses only that data in calculations.
Background Color determines the color of the background of the

crossplot. This color is also used as the background color for Log
Tracks, Histograms, and 3D Crossplot. Default is white. This button
is a duplicate of the Background Color button in the Crossplot: Data
Display tab, and is provided here as a convenience for the user.
Inactive Points Color determines the color of points on the plot which
are excluded by means of polygons in the crossplot, or other limits in
Log Tracks, Histograms, and 3D Crossplots. Default is medium gray.
This button is a duplicate of the Inactive Points Color button in the
Crossplot: Data Display tab, and is provided here as a convenience for
the user.
Well Colors and Symbols frame

This is a table that shows the symbol which represents each Well in the
Crossplot, if that option is selected.
Well shows the names of the selected wells.
Symbol shows the symbol currently selected for each well, and
allows the user to change individual symbols by access to the
symbol palette.
Color shows the color of the symbol currently selected for each
well, and allows the user to change the symbol color by access to
the color palette.
Size shows the size of the symbol currently selected for each well,
and allows the user to change the size by typing in a new value in
the text box or by using the arrows to change the size by tenths.
The items in this table can't be searched, filtered, or sorted.
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Interval Colors and Symbols frame

This is a table that shows the symbol which represents each Interval in
the Crossplot, if that option is selected.
Interval shows the names of the selected intervals.
Symbol shows the symbol currently selected for each interval, and
allows the user to change individual symbols by access to the symbol
palette.
Color shows the color of the symbol currently selected for each
interval, and allows the user to change the symbol color by access to
the color palette.
Size shows the size of the symbol currently selected for each interval,
and allows the user to change the size by typing in a new value in the
text box or by using the arrows to change the size by tenths.
The items in this table can't be searched, filtered, or sorted.
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Other Plots tab

The Other Plots tab contains sub-tabs which control the behavior of
plots other than the main crossplot. Except for the Frequency
Crossplot, the other plots are presented in their own windows. Each
window has its own controls for displaying the data.
Other Plots: Log Tracks tab

The Log Tracks tab allows you to display your data in log format, in a
window separate from the crossplot. The curves displayed on the X-,
Y-, and Z-axes of the crossplot, and 4 optional curves, can be displayed
in an API-format log display. A separate log display is produced for
each well displayed on the crossplot. The display window and its
components are described in the Log Tracks window section of this
documentation.
Displaying Log Tracks

The plot is limited to an API standard plot; from left to right, Curve
Track 1, a depth track, Curve Track 2, Curve Track 3. If you have
selected more than one well, the wells will be plotted sequentially
(horizontally), each in its own track display.
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Use the following procedure to plot the logs. Using the default settings
for the components on this pane will generally produce an acceptable
log plot.
0.
If you want to plot only the curves displayed in the crossplot, make
sure that the Display Curve buttons for each axis curve are on,
and click the Display Log Tracks button in the top left of the tab
to turn it on. Then, either go to another tab to continue to specify
Crossplot functionality, or click the Apply button.
Alternately:
1.
The x-, y-, and z-axis curves are automatically selected for
plotting. Click the Display Curve button in the curve row if you
don't want a specific curve plotted.
2.
To plot optional curves, type the curve name in the appropriate text
box or select the curve by clicking the ellipsis (...) button to the
right of the Curve text box, set the curve selection method in the
Curve Selection window that appears (Curve Alias, Curve Name,
or Curve Details) and select the curve.
a. Change the curve color or track location, if you want, by
clicking on the Curve Color or Track (1-3) buttons.
b. The curve plotting scales are defaulted to come from the Curve
Dictionary (in which the scales are set up for log plotting). You
can change the way the scales are set by selecting other default
methods in the Scales From column, or you can pick User
Selected in that column and then set the Scale Type, Left
Scale, and Right Scale.
3.
Click the Display Log Tracks button in the top left of the tab to
turn it on.
4.
When you have selected the curve and display parameters that you
want, either
generate the log tracks.
See the Log Tracks window section shows and describes the Log
Tracks window.
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Log Tracks Tab Component Details

Display Log Tracks checkbutton turns Log Tracks off or on. It uses
the display parameters which are currently active. It operates
simultaneously with the Log Tracks checkbutton in the Active
Components/View frame outside the tabbed windows.
Display Curves checkbuttons turn individual curves on or off. The
checkbuttons of the axis curves are defaulted to ON and the
checkbuttons of the optional curves are defaulted to OFF.
Curve From shows where the curves come from, either the specific
crossplot axes, or optional (user-selected) curves (Opt. Curve).
Curve shows the curves chosen for the crossplot axes, or provides a
text entry box for optional curves which allows the entry of the curve
(Alias, Name, or Details) directly in the text area.
Ellipsis () button by the optional curve text entry boxes invokes the
Curve Selection window and refocuses the window when it is active.
See the Curve Selection window section of the documentation for
information about the different methods by which you can select log
curves.
Curve Color invokes a color palette by which to set the colors of each
curve type.
Track (1-3) specifies in which track each curve will be plotted (Track 1
on the left (left of the depth track), Track 2 in the center, Track 3 on the
right (both to the right of the depth track)). The x-, and y-axis curves
are defaulted to track 2, the z-axis curve is defaulted to track 1, and the
optional curves are defaulted to track 3.
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Option
Scale Type Left Scale Right Scale
Curve Dictionary (default). Values for Scale Type, Inactive*

Left Scale, and Right Scale are taken from the
OpenWorks Curve Dictionary entries for the curve.
Inactive*
Inactive*
Inverted Dictionary. Swaps the Left Scale, and

Right Scale values
Inactive*
Inactive*
Inactive*
Curve Min/Max. Uses the minimum and

maximum values for the curve chosen for the Left
Scale, and Right Scale values. The Scale Type can
be set by the user.
Active
Inactive*
Inactive*
Curve Max/Min. Uses the minimum and

maximum values for the curve chosen for the Right
Scale and Left Scale values. The Scale Type can
be set by the user.
Active
Inactive*
Inactive*
User Selected. The user specifies the Scale Type,

Left Scale, and Right Scale values.
Active
Active
Active
* The text field may not show the correct scale value for the selected option.
Scale Type determines the type of scale on which the curve will be
plotted. It can be either Linear (default) or Logarithmic.
Left Scale is the scale value at the left side of the log track. Its value is
determined by the Scales From selection, with optional user input.
Right Scale is the scale value at the right side of the log track. Its value
is determined by the Scales From selection, with optional user input.
UOM display shows the units of measurement for the curve on each
axis.
Divisions sets the number of scale divisions for a linear scale. When a
logarithmic scale is chosen, the decades that are displayed are
determined from the scale values.
both the depth and scale axes. The color is defaulted to a medium gray.
Display Grid checkbutton turns all grids in all tracks of all well
displays off or on.
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Other Plots: Histograms tab

The Histograms tab allows you to display histograms of your data in a
window separate from the crossplot and the log tracks. The curves
displayed on the X-, Y-, and Z-axes of crossplot, and 3 optional curves,
can be displayed in individual histograms. A separate histogram is
produced for each curve in each well displayed on the crossplot. A
cumulative histogram for each curve type is also produced. Optionally,
the data from the current well (selected in OpenWorks Project/Project
Status) can be displayed over those cumulative histograms. The
window and its components are described in the Histogram Window
section of this documentation.
Displaying Histograms
Histograms for a given well are displayed vertically with the x-, y-, and
z-axis curves at the top of the column and the optional curves below. If
you have selected more than one well, the histograms of the wells will
be plotted sequentially (horizontally) with the data from each well in its
own column. In addition, cumulative and composite histograms will be
created for each curve, and will appear in each row of histograms in the
display.
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Use the following procedure to plot the histograms. Using the default
settings for the components on this tab will generally produce an
acceptable set of histograms.
0.
If you want to histogram only the curves displayed in the

crossplot, make sure that the Display Histogram buttons for each
axis curve are on, and click the Display Histograms button in the
top left of the tab to turn it on. Then, either go to another tab to
continue to specify Crossplot functionality, or click the Apply
button.
Alternately:
1.
The x-, y-, and z-axis curves are automatically selected for
plotting. Click the Display Histogram button if you don't want a
specific histogram plotted.
2.
To plot optional curves, type the curve identifier in the appropriate

text box, or select the curve by clicking the ellipsis (...) button to
the right of the Curve text box, set the curve selection method in
the Curve Selection window (Curve Alias, Curve Name, or Curve
Details) and select the curve.
a. Change the histogram bar color or histogram type, if you want,
by clicking on the Bar Color or Histo Type buttons.
b. The histogram plotting scales are defaulted to come from the
Curve Dictionary (in which the scales are set up for log
plotting). You can change the way the scales are set by
selecting other default methods in the Scales From column, or
you can pick User Selected in that column and then set the
Scale Type, Left Scale, and Right Scale.
3.
You can change the number of Classes (histogram divisions, or

bars) if you want.
4.
Click the Display Histograms button in the top left of the pane to
turn it on.
5.
When you have selected the histogram display parameters that you
want, either
generate the histogram.
See the Histogram Window section of the documentation for

information about the Histogram window.
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Histogram Tab Component Details

Display Histograms checkbutton turns Histograms off or on. It uses
the display parameters which are currently active. It operates
simultaneously with the Histograms checkbutton in the Active
Components/View frame outside the tabbed windows.
Display Histogram checkbuttons turn individual curves on or off. The
checkbuttons of the axis curves are defaulted to ON and the
checkbuttons of the optional curves are defaulted to OFF.
Curve From shows where the curves come from, either the specific
crossplot axes, or optional curves.
Curve shows the curves chosen for the crossplot axes, or provides a
text entry box for optional curves which allows the entry of the curve
(Alias, Name, or Details) directly in the text area.
Ellipsis () button by the optional curve text entry boxes invokes the
Curve Selection window and refocuses the window when it is active.
curves.
Bar Color invokes a palette by which to set the color of the histogram
bars for each curve type.
Histo Type sets the type of histogram; Norm (Normalized) (default),
or Cum (Cumulative).
Option
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Scale Type
Left Scale
Right Scale
Curve Dictionary (default). Values for Scale

Type, Left Scale and Right Scale are taken from
the OpenWorks Curve Dictionary entries for the
curve.
Inactive*
Inactive*
Inactive*
Inverted Dictionary. Swaps the Left and Right

scale values
Inactive*
Inactive*
Inactive*
Curve Min/Max. Uses the minimum and

maximum values for the curve chosen for the Left
Scale and Right Scale values. The Scale Type can
be set by the user.
Active
Inactive*
Inactive*
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Option
Scale Type
Left Scale
Right Scale
Curve Max/Min. Uses the minimum and

maximum values for the curve chosen for the Right
Scale and Left Scale values. The Scale Type can
be set by the user.
Active
Inactive*
Inactive*
User Selected. The user specifies the Scale Type,

Left Scale and Right Scale values.
Active
Active
Active
* The text field will not show the correct scale value for the selected option.
Scale Type determines the type of scale on which the histogram will be
plotted. It can be either Linear (default) or Logarithmic.
Left Scale is the scale value at the left side of the histogram. Its value is
determined by the Scales From selection, or by typing in a number
when Scales From is set to User Selected.
Right Scale is the scale value at the right side of the histogram. Its
value is determined by the Scales From selection, or by typing in a
number when Scales From is set to User Selected.
UOM shows the units of measurement for the curve on each axis.
Classes sets the number of classes (histogram bars) for a linear scale.
Display Grid checkbutton turns all grids in all tracks of all well
displays off or on.
the histogram axes. The grids are defaulted to a medium gray.
Cumulative Histogram Only checkbutton sets the histogram display
to produce only the cumulative and composite histograms for each
curve type, without displaying the histograms from the curves in
individual wells.
Overlay Current Well on Cumulative Histogram overlays each
curve from the current well (as chosen in OpenWorks Project/Project
Status) on its respective cumulative histogram.
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Other Plots: Frequency Crossplot tab

A frequency crossplot is like a two-dimensional (x-y) crossplot with
the data shown in bins or divisions rather than as individual data points.
The format has its origins in early (pre-graphics-capable) computer
programs, where graphics were subject to line printer limitations, but
the format still has value today. A frequency crossplot allows the user
to quickly determine the number of points in a particular data value
range, where the number of points in that same range in a graphical
display would be hard to estimate.
The frequency crossplot appears as an overlay with the actual data
points, or as a separate plot in the main crossplot window. The window
and its components are described in the Frequency Crossplot
window section of this documentation.
Creating a Frequency Crossplot

Frequency crossplots are displayed in the main Crossplot window, over
the data, scales, and gridlines of the standard crossplot.
Use the following procedure to create a frequency crossplot. Using the
default settings for the components on this tab will generally produce
an acceptable frequency crossplot.
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0.
If you want to create a frequency plot using the curves that you
have already selected for the standard crossplot, click the Display
Crossplot in Frequency Format button in the top left of the tab to
turn it on. Then, either go to another tab to continue to specify
other Crossplot functionality, or click the Apply button.
Alternately:
1.
The x-, y-, and z-axis curves that will be plotted are the ones that
you selected in the Crossplot: Data Display tab. If you want to
use other curves in this plot, go back to that tab and change the
selected curves.
2.
In the Data frame, you can select to have the actual data points
plotted with the frequencies, select the minimum frequency to be
plotted, set the posted values to be the actual numbers of points in
each cell or be represented by a single character (Roman numeral),
and determine how the color of the frequency is displayed.
3.
In the Grid frame you can determine the number of divisions on

each axis, and the style and color of the optionally-displayed grid
lines. Note that the grid lines from the standard crossplot will still
be plotted, unless you return to the Curve Attributes frame of the
Crossplot: Data Display tab and set the Display Grid
checkbuttons to off.
4.
Click on the Display Crossplot in Frequency Format button to

turn it on.
5.
When you have set the frequency crossplot parameters that you
want, either
a. Go to another tab to continue defining the Crossplot
parameters and functionality, if you have not done so already,
or
generate the frequency plot.
See the Frequency Crossplot window section of the documentation

for information about the Frequency Crossplot window.
Frequency Crossplot Tab Component Details

Display Crossplot in Frequency Format checkbutton turns the
frequency mode off or on. It uses the display parameters which are
currently active. It operates simultaneously with the Frequency Plot
checkbutton in the Active Components/View frame outside the tabbed
windows.
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Data frame
Display Individual Data Points with Frequency Data creates an
overlay of the frequency data on the standard crossplot.
Minimum Frequency Displayed allows the user to determine the
minimum frequency number that is displayed in each division.
Increasing the number above 1 lessens the visual clutter caused by
divisions with small populations, and may improve the user's ability to
interpret the data.
Posted Values provides a toggle between posting the actual number of
points in a division, and posting a single character which represents the
number of points in the division. This can be used to lessen visual
clutter in the display.
Frequency (default) displays the actual number of data points in

each division.
Single Character represents the actual number of data points in

each division in the following manner:
Data point frequency
Single Character representation
1 to 9
Numerals 1 to 9
10 to 49
Roman Numeral X
50 to 99
Roman Numeral L
100 to 499
Roman Numeral C
500 to 999
Roman Numeral D
1000 and above
Roman Numeral M
Color Value From determines the color of the characters in each

division.
Single Color (default) sets all characters to a single color,

determined by the color palette by the Color label.
Average Z-Axis sets the color of the characters in each division

based on the average of the z-values of the points in that division.
Color determines the color of the characters in each division from the
associated color palette when Color Value From is set to Single Color.
Font sets the font of the characters in each division from the standard
font set.
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Font Size sets the size of the characters in each division and the row
and column sums in the display.
Grid frame
Display Grid Line checkbutton turns the frequency plot gridlines off
or on. The standard crossplot gridlines must be turned off or on in the
Crossplot/Data Display tab.
X-Axis Divisions sets the number of divisions along the x-axis. It is
defaulted to 20 divisions.
Y-Axis Divisions sets the number of divisions along the y-axis. It is
defaulted to 20 divisions.
Grid Line Style sets the style of the frequency plot gridlines. It is
defaulted to a solid line.
Grid Line Color sets the color of the frequency plot gridlines from the
standard color palette. It is defaulted to red.
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Other Plots: 3D Crossplot tab

This format presents the crossplot in true 3D, rather than having the zaxis curve values represented by colors. The 3D crossplot can be
rotated in all axes to visually expose data, and a polygon can be
constructed around data in the plot. Creation of a polygon in this
display will cause the Crossplot, Log Tracks, and Histogram displays to
react to that data selection.
A second image of the 3D crossplot can be created. It is aligned in a
way that the cube can be viewed stereoscopically.
The 3D Crossplot appears in its own window. The layout of the
window is described in the 3D Crossplot window section of this
documentation.
Displaying a crossplot in 3D
Use the following procedure to create a 3D crossplot. Using the default
settings for the components on this tab will generally produce an
acceptable 3D crossplot.
0.
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If you want to create a 3D crossplot using the curves that you have
already selected for the standard crossplot, click the Display 3D
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Crossplot button in the top left of the tab to turn it on. Then, either
go to another tab to continue to specify other Crossplot
functionality, or click the Apply button.
Alternately:
1.
The x-, y-, and z-axis curves that will be plotted are the ones that
you selected in the Crossplot: Data Display tab. If you want to
use other curves in this plot, go back to that tab and change the
selected curves.
2.
Set the attributes in each of the frames on this tab to meet your
needs. The left-hand column contains attributes that set the display
parameters of the 3D crossplot, and the right-hand column
contains attributes that determine how the crossplot is rotated. The
following section explains each of the attributes in detail.
3.
Click on the Display 3D Crossplot button to turn it on.
4.
When you have set the 3D crossplot parameters that you want,
either
parameters and functionality, if you have not already done so,
or
generate the 3D crossplot in a separate window.
See the 3D Crossplot window section of the documentation for

information about the 3D Crossplot window.
3D Crossplot Tab Component Details

Display 3D Crossplot checkbutton turns the 3D crossplot window off
or on. It uses the display parameters which are currently active. It
operates simultaneously with the 3D Crossplot checkbutton in the
Active Components/View frame outside the tabbed windows.
Display 3D Stereo Plot checkbutton shows two 3D crossplot displays,
aligned so that the cube can be viewed stereoscopically. When in this
mode, both 3D crossplot windows move simultaneously from the
controls on the primary 3D crossplot window.
Display Points checkbutton turns the data points in the display off or
on.
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Point Style has two options:
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Dot (default) shows each data point as a dot in the crossplot.
Point Symbol shows each data point as the same symbol as in

the standard crossplot. If the 3D plot has a large number of
points, this mode may slow the response of the display to
rotation.
Color Type has two options:

-
Single Color (default) shows each data point in the same

color.
Point Color shows each data point in the same color as in the
standard crossplot.
Single Color defines the color of all the points when Color Type
is set to Single Color.
Display Axes checkbutton turns on or off the x-, y-, and z-axes from
the origin of the plot.
-
Axis Color defines the color of the axes on the 3D cube.
Display Axis Labels checkbutton displays the axis labels on the 3D

crossplot.
Axis Labels has three modes:

-
Curve Name (default) displays the curve name in the format

in which it was specified on the Crossplot/Data Display tab.
Axis Label displays the labels defined in the Axis Labels

frame of Crossplot/Data Display.
Axis (X,Y,Z) labels the axes only as X, Y, or Z.
Display Cube Edges checkbutton displays the edges of the 3D cube

that are not the plot axes.
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Front Edge Color sets the color of the non-axis edge of the cube
closest to the user from the standard color palette.
Other Edge Color sets the color of the non-axis edges of the cube
that are not the front edge.
Hidden Line Style sets the style of any cube edges that are
behind but visible through the data cube.
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Cube Rotation and Orientation (degrees) sets the number of degrees

the cube will move when the rotation buttons on the 3D window are
pressed.
Inclination Change sets the amount of rotation of the cube up or

down around an axis perpendicular to the user's line of sight.
X-Axis Rotation sets the amount of rotation of the cube in the X-Z
plane.
Y-Axis Rotation sets the amount of rotation of the cube in the Y-Z
plane.
Z-Axis Rotation sets the amount of rotation of the cube in the XY plane.
Zoom Factor (percent) specifies the amount of zoom applied to the

image when the Zoom In or Zoom Out icons on the 3D interface are
pressed.
Rock Factor determines how much the image will rock (in degrees)
when the Start Continuous Rocking icon on the 3D interface is
pressed. To use this, first press the Start Continuous Rocking icon,
then one of the Move or Rotate icons. Press the Cancel Continuous
Animation/Rocking icon to stop the behavior.
Azimuth determines the initial azimuth of the 3D crossplot display.
Inclination determines the initial inclination of the 3D crossplot
display.
Display Cube in Perspective checkbutton modifies the cube to
enhance the perception of perspective, where the side of the cube
closest to the user appears to be larger than the side farther away from
the user.
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Factor (1 to 100) determines how much apparent perspective is

applied to the cube display. The illustration below shows the data
cube displayed with different values of perspective factor.
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3D Crossplot Display
Azimuth = 320 degrees
Inclination = 20 degrees
No Perspective view
Perspective view
Factor = 15
Perspective view
Factor = 80
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Factor = 45
Perspective view
Factor = 90
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Other Plots: Second Dimension Plot tab

This display shows multidimensional data, one dataset at a time. The
plot appears in its own window which is described in the Second
Dimension Crossplot window window section of this documentation
Displaying a Second Dimension Plot

Use the following procedure to plot multidimensional data.
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1.
Either type the name of the curve that you want to display in the
text box or click the ellipsis (...) button to open the Curve
Selection Window. Only multidimensional curves will be shown
in the list.
2.
Set the scale values for the curve, and the other display parameters.
The attributes are explained in detail in the following section.
3.
Click on the Display Second Dimension Plot button in the top left
corner of the tab to turn it on.
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When you have set the second dimension plot parameters that you
want, either
parameters and functionality, if you have not done so already,
or
generate the second dimension plot.
See the Second Dimension Crossplot window section of the

documentation for information about the Second Dimension Crossplot
window. See the Curve Selection window section of the
documentation for information about the different methods by which
you can select log curves.
Second Dimension Tab Component Details

Display Second Dimension Plot checkbutton turns the 2nd
Dimension Plot window off or on. It uses the display parameters
which are currently active. It operates simultaneously with the 2nd
Dimension checkbutton in the Active Components/View frame
outside the tabbed windows.
Curve text entry box allows the entry of the curve (Alias, Name, or
Details) directly in the text area.
Ellipsis () button invokes the Curve Selection window and limits
the window display to only multidimensional curves.
Second Dimension Index (X-scale)
Lowest Scale Value sets the lowest displayed index value for the
curve.
Highest Scale Value sets the highest displayed index value for the
curve.
Divisions sets the number of divisions to be displayed in the index

axis.
Second Dimension Value (Y-scale)
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Lowest Scale Value sets the lowest displayed value for the curve.
Highest Scale Value sets the highest displayed value for the curve.
Divisions sets the number of divisions to be displayed in the value

axis.
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Display Grid checkbutton sets the display of the grids in both the
index and value scales.
Curve Color sets the color of the curve from the standard color
palette.
Grid Color sets the color of the index and value scale grids from
the standard color palette.
Discriminators tab
Discriminators are either constant values or curve values to which
curves are compared, for the purpose of including or eliminating a set
of data from being plotted or active in the Crossplot, 3D Crossplot,
Log Tracks, and Histograms.
Data which does not meet the discrimination criteria is not plotted on
the Crossplot, is plotted in gray on the Log Tracks, and is not included
in the Histogram.
One example of the use of a discriminator is to eliminate bulk density
readings from a plot when the density correction reading is above a
certain value. In this case (when the density correction is high), the
values of bulk density have the potential for higher error in their values.
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Defining Discriminators
Use the following procedure to define discriminators.
1.
Click the ellipsis (...) button to the right of the Curve text box to
start the Curve Selection Window, and select the curve you want
to use as a discriminator, or just type the curve information in the
text box. The curve does NOT have to be a curve used in any of
the plots in Crossplot.
2.
In either or both the Maximum or Minimum text boxes, type in

the value that you want the discriminator curve compared to, or
type in or use the Curve Selection Window to select a curve to
which you want the discriminator curve compared.
3.
Set the left-most drop-down button to Include or Exclude, and set

the Min Operator or Max Operator button to < (less than) or
<= (less than or equal to) to get the desired relationship.
4.
Click the Enable Discriminators button in the top left of the tab
to turn it on.
5.
When you have selected the Discriminator parameters that you

want, either

curves.
Discriminator Tab Component Details

Enable Discriminators checkbutton turns the discriminators off or
on. It uses the parameters which are currently active. It operates
simultaneously with the Discriminators checkbutton in the Active
Components/Crossplot Points frame outside the tabbed windows.
Clear All Discriminators and Curves button blanks out all text boxes
on this tab.
Clear Row buttons clear only the discriminators and curve of the row
on which the button resides.
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Action
Include (default) includes all points in the displays which meet the
criteria described in the row.
Exclude excludes all points in the displays which meet the criteria
described in the row.
OFF does not use the criteria in the row for the discrimination of
data.
Using more than one discriminator
All rows that have a curve identified in the Curve text field will be used in the
discrimination process, unless the left-most drop-down is set to OFF. Include and
Exclude determine how the data will be discriminated (as explained in the section
above), and all active rows are combined with an and operator; that is, a data
point must meet all the discrimination criteria to be displayed.
Minimum (Value or Curve) text entry box allows manual entry of the
numeric value or log curve to which the log curve is to be compared.
The discriminator log curve meets the criteria if it is greater than or
equal to this value or log curve value.
Ellipsis () button by the text entry boxes invokes the Curve Selection
window and refocuses the window when the window is active.
Curve is the curve to which the discriminator curve or value is
compared. This curve does NOT have to be one of the curves displayed
in any of the windows (either an axis curve or an optional curve).
UOM shows the units of measurement for the curve to which the
discrimination will be applied.
Ellipsis () button by the text entry boxes invokes the Curve
Selection window and refocuses the window when the window is
active.
Maximum (Value or Curve) text entry box allows manual entry of the
numeric value or log curve to which the log curve is to be compared.
The discriminator log curve meets the criteria if it is greater than or
equal to this value or log curve value.
Ellipsis () button by the text entry boxes invokes the Curve Selection
window and refocuses the window when it is active.
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Overlays tab
Overlays are lines which are drawn over certain types of crossplots.
The lines represent lithology, and sometimes porosity, for the most
common reservoir lithologies, namely sandstone, limestone, and
dolomite. The position of data points with respect to those overlay lines
estimates the lithology (and porosity) of each point. The plots can be
used in a qualitative manner, to get an idea of lithologies and porosity
ranges, or can be used in a quantitative manner to estimate lithology
and porosity.
For each type of crossplot there are many overlays. The overlays differ
from company to company, and within a company the overlays are
based on the vintage or version of the logging tools used to acquire the
data. For the most accurate interpretation, the overlay corresponding to
the logging tools which produced the data should be used.
The overlays in PetroWorks were digitized from the chartbooks of the
various logging companies (both wireline and LWD). Only the charts
for fresh water cases (RHOfluid = 1.0 g/cm3 and/or DTfluid = 189
usec/ft) were digitized. Charts for other user-defined fluid density and
fluid traveltime values are derived from those charts by the software.
Changes in measurement units are also accounted for by the software.
Overlays: Neutron/Density/Sonic/Pe tab

This places lithology-porosity overlays on the following crossplots:
Neutron-Density, Neutron-Sonic, Sonic-Density, and Spectral Density
(RHOB-Pe). Lithology lines, with porosity annotation, are shown for
the most common reservoir lithologies: sandstone, limestone, and
dolomite. In addition, 11 other minerals (including two user-defined
minerals) can be displayed as points.
The lithology lines are defined by three parameters:
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Service Company: The company that actually acquired the data in

the well;
Chart Number: The individual charts (overlays) for each vintage or

type of logging tool operated by the data acquisition company;
Fluid Properties: The properties of the fluid in the formation, as

reflected by its hydrogen index, acoustic wave traveltime, or
density.
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The tables in the Appendix 3: Acquisition Company Overlays show

the details of the overlays that are available.
Displaying Porosity/Lithology Overlays

Use the following procedure to create a lithology/porosity overlay:
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1.
Either load a configuration file which matches the plot type you
want and the measurement system that you are currently in, or go
to the Crossplot: Data Display tab, pick the curves that you want
to plot, and set their plot parameters. See Appendix 1: Default
Configuration Files for a list of configuration files that are
included with PetroWorks software.
2.
Pick the Overlay Type that you want to use, the Service
Company that acquired the data, and the specific chart (using the
Chart Number . Chart Description . Chartbook Year).
3.
Select the Fluid Properties of the fluid in the borehole and

formation.
4.
Optionally, set Display Attributes for the lithology lines and

mineral points, and select additional mineral points to be plotted
from the Plot Other Minerals table.
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5.
Click the Display Lithology Overlay button in the top left of the
tab to turn it on.
6.
When you have selected the lithology overlay parameters that you
want, either
About plotting the overlays

The overlays are designed to conform to the scales that you pick for the crossplot;
no standard scales are required. The scales will plot even if you set the curve
scales opposite to the traditional, or published, settings.
Also, the overlays are designed to conform to the fluid properties that you specify
in the Fluid Properties frame. Unlike traditional chartbooks that have charts for
only a limited number of fluid property cases, you can enter any values for the fluid
properties, and the chart will be drawn to reflect those values.
Neutron/Density/Sonic/Pe Tab Component Details

Display Lithology Overlay checkbutton turns the overlays off or on. It
uses the display parameters which are currently active. It operates
simultaneously with the Neu/Den/Son/Pe checkbutton in the Active
Components/Overlays frame outside the tabbed windows.
Overlay Type frame

Radio buttons allow the selection of one of four crossplot types:
Neutron-Density, Neutron-Sonic, Sonic-Density, Spectral Density
(bulk density-photoelectric effect).
Service Company is a list of wireline and logging while drilling
(LWD) data acquisition companies. The company which acquired the
data which you are interpreting should be chosen. The company
choices are:
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Baker Atlas (previously known as Atlas Wireline and Dresser

Atlas)
Baker Hughes INTEQ
Gearhart (now owned by Halliburton)
Halliburton (previously known as Halliburton Logging Services)
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PathFinder
Precision Wireline Services (previously known as Computalog)
Reeves (previously known as BPB Wireline)
Schlumberger
Schlumberger LWD (previously known as Anadrill)
Sperry-Sun
Tucker
Welex (part of Halliburton and merged with Gearhart)
Chart Number.Chart Description.Chartbook Year lists the available

charts for each crossplot type and service company. Each company may
have several entries which are based on the logging tool type or vintage
that acquired the data.
Chart Number is the designation of the chart in the logging

company's literature. The chart numbers here are for the fresh
water versions of the charts. To get the hydrocarbon or salt
water versions, the fluid values published on the charts must be
input in the Fluid Properties frame. Refer to the logging company
tables in the Appendix 3: Acquisition Company Overlays to
determine the proper fluid values to use with each overlay.
Chart Description is a brief description which attempts to shed

light on the logging tools that acquired the data.
Chartbook Year is the year of publication of the data. The data

may come from hardcopy materials, or digital sources on compact
disc or on company web pages.
Fluid Properties frame

These are values which vary based on the fluid in the formation. The
values here will impact the positions of the overlay lines on the display.
The chartbook references in Appendix 3: Acquisition Company
Overlays give appropriate values for oil, fresh water, and salt water
(where available) for each acquisition company chart.
NOTE:
Unlike service company publications which have charts for a limited set of fluid
properties, the overlays that are plotted will conform to any fluid properties that
you enter here.
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Display Attributes frame

Lithology Line Attributes include line and annotation colors for
Sandstone, Limestone, and Dolomite.
Annotate Lithology Lines checkbutton causes the lithology lines

to be annotated with porosity values at every 5 porosity units. The
annotation is in percent porosity.
Font Size specifies the size of the annotation.
Mineral Point Attributes sets the display attributes for the mineral
points selected by the user.
Symbol Size and Symbol Color control the size and color of the
symbol associated with the mineral.
Font, Font Size, and Font Color control the font, size and color of
the mineral name posted with the symbol.
Plot Other Minerals frame

Checkboxes to the left of each mineral allow the user to chose which
minerals are to be plotted on the crossplot. The four columns contain
default plot values taken from the available logging literature. Those
values can be changed by the user, but the new values cannot overwrite
the default values. The values (user-input or default) are among the
attributes that are saved in any user-named configuration file.
NPHI (ls) is the neutron porosity value, referenced to limestone

(ls) units.
DT is the sonic or acoustic wave traveltime value.
RHOB is the bulk density value.
Pe is the photoelectric effect value.

The unit of measurement for each quantity is shown under that
quantity, in the current session measurement system. The default
values will respond to measurement system changes.
The Default button to the right of each named mineral resets all
values for that mineral to the default values.
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Overlays: Apparent Matrix tab

This places mineral triangles on the two available apparent matrix
crossplots: Apparent Matrix Traveltime (DTmaa) vs. Apparent Matrix
Density (RHOmaa), and Apparent Matrix Volumetric Photoelectric
Factor (Umaa) vs. Apparent Matrix Density (RHOmaa). These plots
are often referred to as MID Plots, for Matrix IDentification Plots.
The apparent matrix values are calculated in Preliminary
Reconnaissance, under the PreInterp menu item in the PetroWorks
Launcher Bar.
Either one or two mineral triangles can be displayed. Although the

triangles are defaulted to the common reservoir minerals, any of the
listed minerals (including the user-input minerals) can be used as
vertices on either triangle. In addition, other mineral points can be
simultaneously plotted on the crossplot.
The mineral triangles are independent of data acquisition company and
logging tool vintage, and the formation fluid is accounted for in the
calculation of the apparent mineral values.
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The figure below illustrates an Apparent Matrix plot, and how the
mineral triangles are interpreted.
The gray dot in the triangle below

represents a point consisting of
25% of A, 50% of B, and 25% of C.
C
25%
75%
50%
50%
75%
25%
75%
50%
25%
Displaying Apparent Matrix Overlays

Use the following procedure to create an Apparent Matrix overlay:
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1.
2.
Pick the Overlay Type that you want to use.
3.
Click the Triangle 1 and/or Triangle 2 button to turn on the

Mineral Triangles that you want displayed. Then using the dropdown lists under each triangle, set the minerals that you want to
use for the vertices of each triangle.
4.
Optionally, set the Display Attributes for the triangles and

mineral points, and select any additional mineral points to be
plotted from the Plot Minerals table.
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5.
Click the Display Apparent Matrix Overlay button in the top left
of the tab to turn it on.
6.
want, either
Apparent Matrix Tab Component Details

Display Apparent Matrix Overlay checkbutton turns the overlays off
or on. It uses the display parameters which are currently active. It
operates simultaneously with the Apparent Matrix checkbutton in
the Active Components/Overlays frame outside the tabbed windows.
Overlay Type frame

Radio buttons allow the selection of either of the apparent matrix
mineral triangle displays.
DTmaa-RHOmaa is derived from neutron porosity, acoustic

wave traveltime (sonic) and bulk density.
Umaa-RHOmaa is derived from neutron porosity, bulk density,

and photoelectric factor (Pe).
Mineral Triangles frame

Checkbuttons for Triangle 1 and Triangle 2 allow either triangle or
both to be shown on the plot. The individual triangles can be toggled on
or off using these buttons.
The three mineral lists under each triangle heading allow the user to
construct triangles from any three-mineral combination. The minerals
are identical to those in the Plot Minerals list. The vertices of each
triangle will be determined by the values in the table in the Plot
Minerals frame on this tab.
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Mineral Triangle Attributes sets the display attributes for the mineral
triangles.
Triangle 1 and Triangle 2 set the color for the triangle border and
any division lines that are displayed.
Divisions sets the number of divisions on each side of the triangle

for any displayed triangle.
Annotate Triangle checkbutton allows for mineral percentages to

be displayed along the border of the triangle, corresponding to the
number of divisions.
Font Size sets the size of the mineral percentage annotation.
Mineral Point Attributes sets the points for any mineral points that
are displayed, including the minerals at the vertices of the triangles.
Triangles may be displayed without annotating the vertices with the
mineral names.
Symbol Size sets the size of the plotted symbol (the symbol type is
fixed).
Symbol Color sets the color of the plotted symbol.
Font sets the font of the mineral name.
Font Size sets the size of the mineral name.
Font Color sets the color of the mineral name.
Plot Minerals frame

There are 12 minerals that can be plotted, including two user-specified
minerals. The three columns contain default plot values taken from the
available logging literature. Those values can be changed by the user,
but the new values cannot overwrite the default values. The values
(user-input or default) are among the attributes that are saved in any
user-named configuration file.
Show Data Points checkbuttons to the left of the mineral name allow
the user to display a choice of minerals, including those at the vertices
of the mineral triangles.
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DTmaa is the apparent acoustic wave (sonic) matrix traveltime value.

RHOmaa is the apparent matrix density value.
Umaa is the apparent matrix volumetric photoelectric factor value.
The unit of measurement for each quantity is shown under that
quantity, in the current session measurement system. The default values
in the table will respond to measurement system changes.
The Default button to the right of each named mineral resets all values
for that mineral to the default values.
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Overlays: M-N Lithology tab

The M-N lithology crossplot technique is older than the apparent
matrix technique. It is used in a similar way to the Apparent Matrix
(MID Plot) technique. The M lithology parameter is calculated from
acoustic wave (sonic) traveltime and bulk density. The N lithology
parameter is calculated from neutron porosity and bulk density. Both
quantities are calculated in the Preliminary Reconnaissance, under
the PreInterp menu item in the PetroWorks Launcher Bar...
Either one or two mineral triangles can be displayed. Although the
triangles are defaulted to the common reservoir minerals, any of the
listed minerals (including the user-input minerals) can be used as
vertices on the triangle. In addition, other mineral points can be
simultaneously plotted on the crossplot.
The mineral triangles are independent of data acquisition company and
logging tool vintage, and the formation fluid is accounted for in the
calculation of the M and N values (Fresh Water or Salt Water).
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Displaying an M-N Lithology Overlay

Use the following procedure to create an M-N Lithology overlay:
1.
2.
Click the Triangle 1 and/or Triangle 2 button to turn on the

Mineral Triangles that you want displayed. Then using the dropdown lists under each triangle, set the minerals that you want to
use for the vertices of each triangle.
3.
Pick the Fluid Type that you want; either Fresh Water or Salt
Water.
4.
Optionally, set the Display Attributes for the triangles and

mineral points, and select any additional mineral points to be
plotted from the Plot Minerals table.
5.
Click the Display M-N Lithology Overlay button in the top left of
the tab to turn it on.
6.
want, either
M-N Lithology Tab Component Details

Display M-N Lithology Overlay checkbutton turns the overlays off or
on. It uses the display parameters which are currently active. It operates
simultaneously with the M-N Lithology checkbutton in the Active
Mineral Triangles frame

Checkbuttons for Triangle 1 and Triangle 2 allow either triangle or
both to be shown on the plot. The individual triangles can be toggled on
or off using these buttons.
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The three mineral lists under each triangle heading allow the user to
construct triangles from any three-mineral combination. The minerals
are identical to those in the mineral list. The vertices of each triangle
will be determined by the values in the table in the Plot Minerals
frame on this tab.
Fluid Type frame

Radio buttons allow the selection of M and N or either the Fresh Water
or the Salt Water case. The table below shows the fluid values used in
both cases for the three common measurement systems.
Fluid
Values
US Oil Field
DT
RHO
usec/ft g/cm3
NPHI
v/v
decimal
Canadian Metric
DT
RHO
usec/ft g/cm3
NPHI
v/v
decimal
SPE Preferred
DT
usec/ft
RHO
g/cm3
NPHI
v/v
decimal
Fresh
Water
189
1.0
1.0
620
1000
1.0
620
1.0
1.0
Salt
Water
185
1.1
1.0
607
1100
1.0
607
1.0
1.0
Mineral Triangle Attributes sets the display attributes for the

mineral triangles.
Triangle 1 and Triangle 2 set the color for the triangle border and
any division lines that are displayed.
Divisions sets the number of divisions on each side of the triangle

for any displayed triangle.
Annotate Triangle checkbutton allows for mineral percentages to

be displayed along the border of the triangle, corresponding to the
number of divisions.
Font Size sets the size of the mineral percentage annotation.
Mineral Point Attributes sets the points for any mineral points that
are displayed, including the minerals at the vertices of the triangles.
Triangles may be displayed without annotating the vertices with the
mineral names.
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Symbol Size sets the size of the plotted symbol (the symbol type is
fixed).
Symbol Color sets the color of the plotted symbol.
Font sets the font of the mineral name.
Font Size sets the size of the mineral name.
Font Color sets the color of the mineral name.
Plot Minerals frame

There are 12 minerals that can be plotted, including two user-specified
minerals. The four columns (two for fresh water and two for salt water)
contain default plot values taken from the available logging literature.
Those values can be changed by the user, but the new values cannot
overwrite the default values. The values (user-input or default) are
among the attributes that are saved in any user-named configuration
file.
114
Show Data Points checkbuttons to the left of the mineral name

allow the user to display a choice of minerals, including those at
the vertices of the mineral triangles.
Fresh Water shows M and N values for the fresh water case.
Salt Water shows M and N values for the salt water case.
The Default button to the right of each named mineral resets all
values for that mineral to the default values.
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Overlays: User Overlays tab

This tab provides the ability to display up to five user-created overlays
at once on the same crossplot.
Displaying a User Overlay

Use the following procedure to display a user-created overlay:
1.
Click one of the Load User Overlay buttons to bring up the Select
File window. Browse through the directories to find the file that
you want to use as an overlay, and select the file. Click OK on the
window. The file name will appear in the framed area to the right
of the Clear User Overlay button on the same row.
2.
Click the Display User Overlays button in the top left of the tab to
turn it on.
3.
want, either
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See Appendix 4: Creating User Overlays to learn how to create your

own overlays for display.
User Overlay Tab Component Details

Display User Overlays checkbutton turns all the overlays off or on. It
uses the display parameters which are currently active. It operates
simultaneously with the User Overlay checkbutton in the Active
Load User Overlay opens a standard UNIX window in which the user
can select a user overlay.
Clear User Overlay removes that specific overlay from the display.
The outline boxes to the right of the Clear User Overlay buttons
shows the name of the overlay selected by the Load User Overlay
button in the respective row.
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Statistics tab
The functionality in the tabs under this tab allows the user to fit lines to
data in the crossplot. The intersections of those lines can also be
determined.
Statistics: Regression and User Lines tab

The functionality in this tab allows the user to fit a variety of regression
lines to data (either the entire dataset, or a subset of that dataset) in the
crossplot. The software can determine the coefficients of those lines,
the user can modify those coefficients (and replot the lines), or the user
can enter coefficients and have the lines plotted according to those
values.
The data used to determine the regression lines can be any combination
of the actual data, multiple weighted user defined points (graphically
selected on the crossplot) and a single forced point (graphically
selected on the crossplot or manually entered on this tab).
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Defining Regression Lines and User Lines

Use the following procedure to fit one or more polynomial Regression
Lines to the active data in the crossplot.
1.
The regression line will be fit to all active data in the crossplot.
Use polygons, discriminators, and bounding of data on other plots
before you proceed to Step 2.
2.
Set the Dependent Axis to Y on X or X on Y.
3.
If you plan to use the resulting equation in MathPack, click the

Display Equations in MathPack Format button in the Equation
Format frame to turn it on.
4.
In the Regression Lines frame, set the Action buttons to the type
of equation you want to fit to the data. You can fit up to 5 lines at
once, or you can add regression lines later. Optionally, select the
Line Color and Line Style for each line.
5.
In the Points Used for the Regression Lines frame, determine

the combination of Data Points, weighted User Defined Points,
and a Forced Point that you want to use in the regression by
clicking the buttons next to each data source. The User Defined
Points and the Forced point must be set before the regression is
calculated.
6.
Click the Display Regression Lines and User Lines button in the
top left of the tab to turn it on.
7.
want, either
Use the following procedure to fit one or more User Lines to the active
data in the crossplot.
118
1.
In the User Lines frame, enter your coefficients in the text boxes
of the equation that you want to display. Make sure that the Action
button of that equation is set to Plot Line. A user line having a
polynomial form can be displayed by entering the coefficients in a
row in the Regression Lines frame and setting the Action button
to Plot Line.
2.
Optionally, set the Line Color and Line Style.
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3.
Click the Display Regression Lines and User Lines button in the
4.
want, either
Regressions and User Lines Tab Component Details

Display Regression Lines and User Lines checkbutton turns all the
lines off or on. It uses the display parameters which are currently
active. It operates simultaneously with the Regressions/Lines
checkbutton in the Active Components/Statistics frame outside the
tabbed windows.
Dependent Axes frame

Radio buttons allow the user to determine if the dependent variable is
on the y-axis (Y on X) or in the x-axis (X on Y).
Regression: Y on X versus X on Y
Crossplot Regression gives you the option of making the dependent axis of your
regression line either Y or X.
When Y is dependent on X (Y on X), then the equation of the line generated is in
the form of Y = mX + b, where m is the slope of the line measured as delta-Y over
delta-X (rise/run), and b is the Y intercept.
When X is dependent on Y (X on Y), then the equation of the line generated is in
the form of X = mY + b, where m is the slope of the line measured as delta-X over
delta-Y (run/rise), and b is the X intercept.
Equation Format frame

Display Equations in MathPack format button causes regression
equations to be displayed in MathPack format in the status area of the
main crossplot window. Equations in this format can be copied and
pasted directly into MathPack for processing.
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Regression Lines frame

The Clear All Regression Lines button clears the coefficients from all
entries, leaving the coefficient text boxes blank.
Up to five first- to fifth-order polynomial lines can be determined or
generated by the software. The general equation is shown at the top of
the frame, and changes with the choice of dependent axis.
Action defines what will occur in each line when the Apply button is
pressed.
Clear (default) clears the line from the crossplot.
Plot Line plots the line on the crossplot using the coefficient
values displayed in the text boxes on the interface. When any of
the regression choices (1st to 5th Order, or RMA) is selected, the
Action choice is automatically set to Plot Line after the Apply
button is pressed. In this way, other line choices can be
manipulated while the previous line choice remains on the plot.
1st Order through 5th Order calculate the coefficients of a line

representing the best fit of the data selected in the Points Used for
the Regression Lines frame, using the dependent axis chosen in
the Dependent Axis frame.
RMA (Reduced Major Axis) calculates the coefficients of a line

the Regression Lines frame. It disregards the dependent axis
chosen in the Dependent Axis frame.
A0 through A5 are the coefficients of the lines determined by the

regression, or are supplied by the user for plotting a line. For lines that
are less than 5th order, the coefficient text boxes should be made blank.
Line Color determines the color of the line from the standard color
palette.
Line Style determines the style of the line.
User Lines frame

The Clear All User Lines button clears the coefficients from all
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The coefficients here are represented by A, B, and C, and are shown in

the equations above each row. The form of the equations changes in
response to the selection of the dependent axis. The coefficients must
be specified by the user for the line to be plotted.
values displayed on the interface.
Line Color determines the color of the line.

Line Style determines the style of the line.
Points Used for the Regression Lines frame

This frame determines what data is to be used in any regressions that
are performed, by selecting the appropriate checkbuttons. The different
data types can be used in any combination.
Data Points uses all the active data points in the crossplot to calculate
the regression.
User Defined Points uses points which have been graphically defined
on the crossplot. You can define up to 200 points with the Set User
Regression Points icon and clicking on the crossplot window to input
the points.
Weight is the weighting factor applied to all the User Defined

Points. It is defaulted to 1.0.
Forced Point uses one point which has been graphically selected using
the Set Forced Point icon and clicking in the crossplot, or the
coordinates entered on this tab.
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X: and Y: are the coordinates of the Forced Point. If X: and Y: are

blank and a Forced Point has been graphically selected, the
coordinates of that point will NOT be displayed here, but the point
will be used in the regression if the Forced Point checkbutton is
on.
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Statistics: Gradient Methods tab

This tab allows the user to create up to four simultaneously plotted
lines, and to determine the intersection of those lines. The intersections
so determined do not have to be from adjacent lines, but can be the
intersection of any of the lines.
Determining Gradients and Gradient Line Intersections

Use the following procedure to create gradient lines:
122
1.
In the Dependent Axis frame within the Linear Regression

frame, set the Dependent Axis to Y on X or X on Y.
2.
The regressions are performed on the active points in the crossplot

window. Use a Polygon in the Crossplot Window to define the
points on which you want to create the regression.
3.
The regressions will also include any User Defined Points or a

Fixed Point that you define. The points are defined on the
crossplot, and the buttons next to each data type that you want to
use must be turned on in the Points Used for Calculating
Gradients frame.
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4.
Click the Display Trend Lines and Intersections button in the

5.
Click the Apply button to calculate the equation of the line.
6.
For subsequent lines, follow Steps 2 to 5, setting a new polygon

and setting the Action of the next line to Least Squares or RMA.
The intersections of the lines will be automatically determined and
displayed in the Intersections of the Lines frame.
The figure below illustrates the results of fitting lines to three

consecutive polygons in crossplot.
Gradient Methods Tab Component Details

Display Trend Lines and Intersections checkbutton turns all the
lines off or on. It uses the display parameters which are currently
active. It operates simultaneously with the Gradient Methods
checkbutton in the Active Components/Statistics frame outside the
tabbed windows.
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Linear Regression frame

Dependent Axis frame
Radio buttons allow the user to determine if the dependent variable is
on the y-axis (Y on X) or on the x-axis (X on Y).
Lines frame
The Clear All Trend Lines button clears the coefficients from all
The form of the equation is shown, and changes with changes in the
dependent axis.
Line designates the line number, for use in the Intersections frame.
Action defines what will occur in each line when the Apply button is
pressed.
values displayed on the interface. When any of the regression
choices (Least Squares, or RMA) is selected, the Action choice is
automatically set to Plot Line after the Apply button is pressed. In
this way, other line choices can be manipulated while the previous
line choice remains on the plot.
Least Squares calculates the coefficients of a line representing the

best fit of the data selected in the Points Used for Calculating
Gradients frame, using the dependent axis chosen in the
Dependent Axis frame.
RMA (Reduced Major Axis) calculates the coefficients of a line

Calculating Gradients frame. It disregards the dependent axis
chosen in the Dependent Axis frame.
m is the slope of the line which is calculated or specified (dy/dx for Y

on X, or dx/dy for X on Y).
b is the intercept of the line which is calculated or specified.
Regr. Coeff. is the regression coefficient for the calculated line.
Line Color sets the color of the line.
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Line Style sets the style of the line.

Y-intercept is the value of the y-intercept at the value of x entered by
the user at X =.
at X = sets the value x at which the y-intercept in the previous column
will be calculated.
Gradient (dy/dx for Y on X, or dx/dy for X on Y) is the inverse of the
slope of the line, m.
Intersections of the Lines frame

Line specifies which line from the Linear Regression frame is to be
used for comparison. Any of the lines can be compared to any other
line.
m (dy/dx for Y on X, or dx/dy for X on Y) is the slope of the line
specified in the Line column, repeated from the text boxes in the
Linear Regression frame.
b is the intercept of the line specified in the Line column, repeated
from the text boxes in the Linear Regression frame.
X-intersection and Y-intersection are the x- and y- intersections of the
lines specified in the Line column. If no lines have been specified, or
the lines do not intersect, NaN (Not a Number) is displayed.
Points Used for Calculating Gradients frame

This frame determines what data is to be used in any regressions that
are performed, by selecting the appropriate checkbuttons. The different
data types can be used in any combination.
Data Points uses all the active data points from the crossplot in the
regression.
User Defined Points uses points which have been graphically defined
on the crossplot. The user can select up to 200 points.
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Weight is the weighting factor applied to all the User Defined

Points. It is defaulted to 1.0.
Symbol is the symbol by which the points are represented.
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Size is the size of the symbol.
Color is the color of the symbol.
Forced Point uses one point which has been graphically selected on
the crossplot, or the coordinates of which has been entered here.
X: and Y: are the coordinates of the Forced Point. If X: and Y: are
blank and a Forced Point has been graphically selected, the coordinates
of that point will not be displayed here, but the point will be used in the
regression if the Forced Point checkbutton is on.
Weight is the weighting factor applied to all the User Defined Points.
It is defaulted to 1.0.
Symbol is the symbol by which the points are represented.
Size is the size of the symbol.
Color is the color of the symbol.
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Configuration File tab

This tab allows the user to save and load configuration (plot template)
files, and to reset the crossplot to a set of defaults.
Defining and Using Configuration Files

Configuration files can be saved, and existing files loaded, at any time
that you are in the Crossplot application.
If you Save a new configuration file (or save over an existing one by
using the same file name), all the settings in the Setup tabs are saved
but no other action takes place.
If you Load an existing configuration file, all settings in the Setup tabs
are reset to those in the configuration file, and the current wells and
intervals are re-plotted using those settings.
Default Configuration Files
A set of configuration files comes with this installation of PetroWorks. These
Default or pre-built files are for specific crossplots. The details of these files are
explained in Appendix 2: Crossplot Display Behavior.
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Loading a Configuration File

You can load two types of existing configuration files: a file that you or
someone else has named, or the User Default File, named
params.xpt_cfg.
To load a named file:
1.
Click Load Configuration File... in the Load Configuration File

frame
2.
The Select File dialog box appears.
3.
Locate the directory under which the configuration file is stored. A

list of configuration files will appear in the Files list
4.
Select the file you want and click OK.
To load the User Default file:

1.
Click the Load User Default File (params.xpt_cfg) button in the

Load Configuration File frame. The contents of the
configuration file that you selected will be immediately loaded to
Crossplot, and any plots specified by that file will be drawn with
the data that you already had selected.
Creating a Configuration File

You can create two types of configuration files: a file that you name
with a name of your choice, or you can update the User Default File,
named params.xpt_cfg.
To create a file with a name that you choose:
1.
In the Save Current Crossplot Configuration frame click the

Save as New File... button.
2.
The Select File dialog box appears.
3.
Select the directory under which you want to save the file.
4.
Type the name that you want to give the file in the text box at the
bottom of the window, after the directory path that appears there,
and click OK. The file will be saved, but no other action will occur
in the Crossplot application. Note that you can over-write an
existing file by using the name of that file.
To update the User Default File:
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Visualization
In the Save Current Crossplot Configuration frame click the

Save as User Default File (params.xpt_cfg) button. The
Crossplot settings will be saved to that file, and Crossplot will
open with those settings the next time you start the application.
Resetting Crossplot to Default Values

Crossplot can be reset to its basic default values by clicking the Reset
to Crossplot Defaults button in the Reset Crossplot Display frame.
Clicking the button will immediately reset all the Crossplot parameters
and will cause the crossplot to be redrawn as a blank plot.
Configuration File Tab Component Details
Save Current Crossplot Configuration frame

Save as New File brings up a standard file selection window in
which the user can save the current state of the crossplot to a named
file.
Save as User Default File (params.xpt_cfg) saves the current state of
the crossplot to the Crossplot default file, named params.xpt_cfg.
Load Configuration File frame

Load Configuration File brings up a standard file selection window
in which the user can select an existing configuration file.
Load User Default File (params.xpt_cfg) loads the file named
params.xpt_cfg.
Reset Crossplot Display frame

Reset to Crossplot Defaults loads an internal crossplot default file,
ignoring any named configuration files and the params.xpt_cfg file.
This is a basic plot with no curves selected.
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Z-Axis Color Bar

The Z-Axis Color option in the Crossplot: Display Data tab is
available only if you plot a curve on the z-axis. If you have defined a
curve for the z-axis, your crossplot could look something like this:
Main Menu
Active Area
Color Bar
Marker Color
Cursor Position Value
Action Buttons
The colors of the crossplot points are determined by the colors set for
the z-axis. A legend of the z-axis values and color range appears to the
right of the plot. The Status Area indicates the minimum and maximum
values for the z-axis curve in each well. Use the Z-Axis Color option in
the Curve Attributes frame of the Crossplot: Data Display tab to
define the display parameters for curve points plotted on the z-axis.
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Using the Z-Axis Color Bar

Creating colors on the Color Bar
You can create a color bar with one or more color ranges and/or solid
colors. The Z-Axis Color Bar and the Crossplot are interactive; as you
set the colors on the color bar, crossplot will change simultaneously. As
described later in this section, if you move the marker color, the points
on the crossplot will immediately change to reflect that movement.
Color Control is interactive but screen specific.
If you are using dual monitors, make sure the Z-Axis Color Bar is on the same
screen as the crossplot and other plots that you want to affect.
1: Click and
drag over a
value range.
1: Click and
drag over a
value range.
3: The Color Bar and
the Crossplot
change immediately.
2: Click and
drag over a
color range.
3: The Color Bar and

the Crossplot change
immediately.
2: Click on
a color.
You can create one or more color ranges and one or more colors over
parts of the Color Bar or over the entire bar.
To create a color range:
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1.
Click and hold MB1 at the scale value where you want to start.
Remember that the Z-Axis value will be shown in the Cursor
Position Value area below the color bar.
2.
Drag the cursor over the range that you want to change, then
release MB1. The Color Palette will appear.
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3.
In the Color Palette, click and hold MB1 at the color at which you
want to start, and drag the cursor to the color with which you want
to end. Release the mouse button at that color. As you dragged the
color in the Color Bar and in the Crossplot changed.
To create a single color over a z-axis value range:

1.
Click and hold MB1 at the scale value where you want to start.
Remember that the Z-Axis value will be shown in the Cursor
Position Value area below the color bar.
2.
Drag the cursor over the range that you want to change, then
release MB1. The Color Palette will appear.
3.
In the Color Palette, click MB1 on the color that you want. When
you click, the color in the Color Bar and in the Crossplot changed.
Remember that you can create multiple instances of color ranges and
colors in the same Color Bar, and that you can save that color bar for
later use.
Using the Color Bar

When you edit the Color Bar to create a color palette of your choice,
you see the effects of your edits as you make them. You can use other
features that allow you to change your edited color bar to enhance your
interpretation of the data in the crossplot. MB3 in the Active Area will
bring up the menu shown to the left. The table below explains the
behavior of each option, and the illustration below the table shows
changes to the same color bar using the various options.
Option
Linear
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Description
As you move the cursor, the colors
are linearly stretched and squeezed
between each end of the Color Bar
and the cursor location.
Instructions
1.
Press MB3 in the Active Area and

select Linear.
2.
Position the cursor at the value that

you want to use as a reference,
hold down MB1 and move the
cursor up and down.
3.
Release MB1 when you are

satisfied with your adjustment.
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Option
Exponential
Circular
Marker
Visualization
Description
In this mode, the entire Color Bar

changes as a single unit. If you start
the cursor at the midpoint of the scale
and move the cursor up, the scale will
expand from the center to include
more of the color bar in that color. If
you move down from the center, the
amount of the scale assigned to that
color will be decreased. Clicking
above or below the midpoint will
cause the colors to change as if you
had moved the cursor from the
midpoint position.
In this mode, the Color Bar wraps
around the ends. The Color Bar
maintains its internal color structure,
and as you move the cursor up, colors
from the top of the bar appear at the
bottom.
Instructions
1.

select Exponential.
2.

cursor up and down.
3.

1.

select Circular.
2.

cursor up and down.
3.

This mode allows you to superimpose 1.

a color over the existing Color Bar.
As you move the marker, its color
2.
replaces that of the Color Bar over
the Markers interval so that you can
identify points of a specific value or
value range.
3.

select Marker.
A range of values in a single color
appears on the Color Bar. As you
move your cursor over the edges of
the marker, arrows appear. Use
MB1 increase or decrease the size
of the marker. When your cursor is
in the middle of the marker, a
double headed vertical arrow
appears. Use MB1 to move the
marker along the color bar.
Z-Axis Marker Highlights Points in Crossplot, Log Tracks, and 3D Crossplot.

If you create a Marker in the Z-Axis Color window, and move the Marker over the
Z-Axis Color Bar, the corresponding points in the Crossplot, 3D Crossplot and
Log Tracks will be highlighted.
The behavior will only happen if the 3D Crossplot and Log Tracks windows are
on the same screen as the main Crossplot window.
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Original
Landmark
Linear
Exponential
Moving the cursor
increases or
decreases the
amount of the color
originally at the
midpoint of the color
bar.
Moving the cursor

stretches and
squeezes the colors
between the cursor
and the fixed color
endpoints.
Circular
Moving the cursor
wraps the color
around the endpoints
without modifying the
internal layout of the
color bar.
Marker
Moving the cursor
causes the marker
color to replace the
bar color without
otherwise changing
the bar color.
Z-Axis Color Bar Window Components

Main Menu
The main menu consists of one item: File.
134
Load... opens a Load Ramp Colors window that allows you to

move to a directory and load a color ramp file. For more
information on loading color ramps, see the Color Control
chapter in the PetroWorks/LogEdit/ Wellbore Manager Utilities
Guide.
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Save... opens a Save Ramp Colors window that allows you to

move to a directory and save a color ramp file with a name that
you choose.
Color bar
The Color Bar is where you specify the colors to be used in the Z-Axis
display.
Active Area
The area of colors and the light border immediately to the left of that
area combine to form the area in which your cursor movements are
sensed. You need to place the cursor in this area to select ranges for
colors or to use MB3 features.
Marker Color
Clicking on this button will activate the Color Palette, which allows
you to select a single color for the Marker.
Cursor Position Value

This shows the value of the Z-axis curve at the position of the cursor on
the Color Bar.
Action Buttons
OK applies the settings to the crossplot and closes the Z-Axis Color
Bar window.
Apply applies the settings to the crossplot and keeps the Z-Axis Color
Bar window open.
Close closes the Z-Axis Color Bar window without any other action.
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Curve Selection window

The Curve Selection window provides an alternate method of selecting
curves to typing curve identifiers in curve text boxes in the Crossplot:
Data Display, Log Tracks, Histogram, and Second Dimension Plot
tabs in the Setup window.
Curve
Selection
Search/Filter
Curve List
Status Bar
Close Button
The Curve Selection window is invoked by clicking the ellipsis (...)

button next to any of the text boxes on any of the tabs.
Curve Selection Window Components

Curve Selection
The illustration above shows the Curve Selection window in its three
display modes (as indicated by the red arrows); Curve Alias, Curve
Names, and Curve Details. The Curve Details choice is active when
only one well has been selected.
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When Curve Names or Curve Details is selected, you can choose to

have only those Curves Common to the Selected Wells shown, or you
can choose to have All Curves in the Selected Wells shown in the list.
Search/Filter, Curve List, Status Bar

All these components are explained in the Table Behavior in
Crossplot section.
Close button
Once invoked, the window stays up until the Close button is pressed.
Using the Curve Selection Window
To use the Curve Selection window to specify a curve, instead of

typing in the text box:
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1.
Click on the ellipsis (...) button to the right of the text box where
you want to insert the curve identifier. The Curve Selection
window appears.
2.
Set the method by which you want to select the curves; Curve
Alias, Curve Name, or if you only have one well selected, Curve
Details. (You can also use Curve Alias or Curve Names if you only
have one well selected.)
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Landmark
3.
Optionally Search or Filter the Curve List.
4.
Select the curve identifier from the list. One click of MB1 will
place the identifier in the text field to the left of the ellipsis (...)
button that you previously clicked. If you click on another entry in
the Curve List, the last selection will replace the previous one.
5.
If you want to select a curve for another text box, click the ellipsis
button next to that text box, then follow Steps 2 to 4 to select the
next curve. You do not have to close the window between curve
selections.
6.
When you are done selecting curves, click the Close button on the
window to close it.
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Send Information window

The Send Crossplot Information window is invoked from the Send
Information... button in the Other Functionality frame of the Active
Components frame on the right side of the Setup window.
Minimum, Maximum, and Average X-, Y-, Z-values,
and Depths for all Active points.
Returns the contents of

edited text boxes to their
original state.
Values, Depth, and Well

of the Located Point.
The contents of all text

boxes are can be edited.
X-, and Y-scale

values for the
cursor location.
Sends information from

the text box to its left to
all windows that are
listening.
Send Information... Window Components
Text Boxes
Minimum, Maximum, and Average values for X-, Y-, and Z-Axis
curve values, and Depths for Active points.
The Wells with which those points are associated.
The X-, Y-, Z-Axis, Depth, and Well of the Selected Point (the
Located Point, as identified by MB1 on a data point in Crossplot.
The X-, and Y-Axis values of the cursor location, when the cursor
location has been identified by a single MB1 click.
All text boxes can be edited at any time.
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Send Arrow buttons

Send the information in the text box to the left of each arrow to any
listening applications. The data from individual boxes is sent, not the
data from all boxes at the same time.
Action Buttons
Refresh returns all the text boxes to their last state before any editing
took place.
Close closes the window.
Using the Send Information... window

The Send Information window can be invoked at any time. It will
appear with information from the current state of the crossplot. The
window will react to any changes in crossplot; in Active points, a
Located Point, or the cursor location.
To send information to another application, make sure that the
destination application is listening (has a green border), and click the
Send Arrow button to the right of the text box that contains the
information that you want to send.
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Create Flag Curve window

A Flag Curve is a curve with a limited number of discrete values. The
most common flag curve consists of either 1 or 0 at every depth point.
The curve is a flag or an indicator of some properties of the users
choosing, and can be used to limit data displays or to limit or branch
processing workflows
The Create Flag Curve window is invoked from the Create Flag
Curve... button in the Other Functionality frame of the Active
Components frame on the right side of the Setup window.
Create Flag Curve... Window Components

Flag Curve Text Box
This is where you enter the name of the flag curve that you want to
create. The name must adhere to standard OpenWorks curve naming
conventions, and have a maximum of 24 characters.
Action Buttons
OK creates a flag curve with the name that you have entered in the text
box, and closes the window.
Apply creates a flag curve with the name that you have entered in the
text box, and leaves the window open.
Cancel closes the text box with no other action.
Creating a Flag Curve

In Crossplot, you can create a Flag Curve with a name of your choice.
The curve will consist of either 1 or 0 at every depth, depending on
whether the data at that depth is active or inactive. You can create a flag
curve at any time in your work, and you can create as many flag curves
as you need.
Use the procedure below to set up your data and to create a Flag Curve:
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Landmark
1.
Differentiate the data into active and inactive points. You can do
this by any of the following methods, or by any combination of the
following methods: Plotting by Interval Range or Intervals
(StratUnits), Crossplot polygon, Crossplot zoom, 3D Crossplot
polygon, Log Tracks depth bounding, Histogram value bounding,
Discriminators.
2.
Click the Create Flag Curve... button in the Other Functionality

frame of the Active Components frame on the right side of the
Setup window. The Create Flag Curve window appears.
3.
Type a name for the flag curve in the text field, and click OK (to
create the curve and close the window) or Apply (to create the
curve and leave the window open for later use).
A flag curve will be created for each well that you have selected to
display.
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Pickett Plot window

A Pickett Plot is a graphical solution of Archies water saturation
equation. As well as being able to graphically determine the water
saturation of a point, you can also estimate values of the cementation
exponent, m, and connate (formation) water resistivity, Rw.
The Pickett Plot window is invoked from the Pickett Plot... button in
the Other Functionality frame of the Active Components frame on
the right side of the Setup window.
Activated Pickett
Plot icons
Pickett Plot
statistics
Pickett Plot
Parameters
window
The Pickett Plot plots formation resistivity on the x-axis on a

logarithmic scale against porosity on the y-axis on a logarithmic scale.
The resulting plot of data shows points from water-filled depths to plot
along a linear trend, generally from northwest to southeast. The
intercept of this line at 100% porosity (1.0 on the plot) is the sum of a
times Rw. The slope of the line is the value of the cementation
exponent, m. Depths that contain hydrocarbons are shifted to the right
from the water-bearing trend by an amount proportional to their
hydrocarbon saturation. The placement of water saturation lines of less
than 100% is based on the value of n, the saturation exponent.
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The main crossplot window and the Pickett Plot Parameters window
interact with each other. Any graphical changes to the lines on the
Pickett Plot are immediately reflected in the parameters window. Any
changes made to the numerical or color values in the parameters
window are seen in the crossplot window after the OK or Apply
buttons are pressed.
For the Pickett Plot Icons to be activated and the Pickett Plot
Parameters window to be accessible, both the x- and y- axis Scale
Type (in the Curve Attributes frame of the Crossplot: Data Display
tab of the Setup window) must be set to Log.
The Picket Plot Parameters window can then be opened by the
Pickett Plot... button in the Other Functionality frame of the Active
Components frame at the right of the Setup window.
Pickett Plot Parameters Window Components

a, Rw, m, n
The intercept of the 100% Saturation line at a porosity of 1 (100%) is
the sum of a*Rw. Its value is shown at the top of this section.
a: The value of the tortuosity factor is defaulted to 1.0, but can be
changed by typing in another value.
Rw: The value of the formation water resistivity is initially blank.
You can enter a value here and the water-bearing (100% water
saturation) line will be placed on the plot, with an intercept equal
to a*Rw.
You can graphically place the water-bearing line on the plot, and
the value of Rw will be calculated from the intercept of the line and
the value of a and will be displayed here.
m: The value of the cementation exponent.
You can enter a value here and the water-bearing line will be
placed on the plot with a slope equal to -1/m.
You can graphically place the water-bearing line on the plot, and
the value of m will be calculated from the slope of the line and be
displayed here.
n: The value of the saturation exponent is initially defaulted to 2.0. You

can change the value, which will change the spacing of the displayed
Saturation Lines on the crossplot.
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Send Arrow buttons to the right of each text box allow you to send the
value of that individual parameter to any application that is listening.
Saturation Lines (%)

You can plot up to 10 water saturation lines on the Pickett Plot.
The button to the left of each text box allows you to turn that line
on or off.
The text box allows you to enter the specific value of water
saturation that you want to see displayed.
The button to the right of each text box allows you to choose a
color for each line
The 100% Saturation Line Color is determined by the button to

the right of the title.
Porosity Scale
The porosity scale can be set to Percent or Decimal depending on the
units of the porosity curve. This should be set automatically based on
the session measurement system that you chose when you started the
OpenWorks session.
Stats Color:
This sets the color of the Pickett Plot statistics in the lower left corner
of the crossplot.
Action Buttons
OK applies any changes that you made to the numbers or colors in the
window, and then closes the window.
Apply applies any changes that you made to the numbers or colors in
the window, and keeps the window open.
Cancel closes the window without any other action.
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Pickett Plot Icons on the Crossplot Interface
Pickett 1 Point Mode draws the water-bearing line through a

user-specified location using the current m value to determine the
slope of the line.
Pickett 2 Point Mode draws a line through two user-defined

points on the crossplot.
Pickett aRw/1 Point Mode draws a line, the intercept of which is

the current a*Rw value. You pivot the line about that point to
determine the slope of the line, m.
Pickett Regress posts a Least Squares Fit line through the active
crossplot points.
Pickett Clear removes all water saturation lines from the plot.
After any of the graphical placements are done, the appropriate Archie
parameters (a, Rw, m) are re-determined and displayed in the Pickett
Plot Parameters window.
Using a Pickett Plot

The procedure below will help you get started using a Pickett Plot for
interpretation.
146
1.
With porosity on the y-axis and resistivity on the x-axis, set the
Scale Type (in the Curve Attributes frame of the Crossplot:
Data Display tab) for both scales to Log. (You can also load the
default Configuration File D.PickettPlot.)
2.
Click the Pickett Plot... button in the Other Functionality frame

in the Active Components frame on the right of the Setup
window. The Pickett Plot Parameters window appears and the
Pickett Plot Icons on the Crossplot window become active.
3.
If you have some idea of values for Rw and m, enter them in the
Pickett Plot Parameters window and click Apply. Compare the
saturation lines with the data. Now you can graphically move the
lines to match the data. Primarily, you want to get the 100%
Saturation line to overlay the points that you think are completely
water saturated. Remember that you can move the line without
changing its slope (using the Pickett 1-Point Mode), you can
change the slope of the line without changing the value of Rw
(using the Pickett aRw/1-Point Mode), or you can define both the
slope of the line and its intercept (using the Pickett 2-Point
Mode).
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4.
Visualization
When you are satisfied that the water-bearing line is in agreement

with your data, you can send the Archie parameter values (a, Rw,
m, n) to an algorithmic application like QuickInterp or Shaly
Sand to be used in the processing of your data.
Print Window
The pictures below illustrate the different plot windows that are
available in Crossplot.
For the main Crossplot window, the Print window is available by the
Print... button in the Other Functionality frame in the Active
Components frame at the right side of the Setup window.
For Log Tracks, Histograms, and 3D Crossplot, the Print window is
available in the respective windows in the Main Menu area, under
File > Print...
Print... creates a plot file; there is no option to print from Crossplot
directly to a print device.
Filter text box
Directory
selection
File format and

plot size
File name entry

Action buttons
Crossplot Print window
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Log Tracks, Histogram, and

3D Crossplot Print window
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Landmark
Print Window Components

Filter Text Box
Entries here combined with the Filter button at the bottom of each
window allow you to filter on the directories and file types.
Directory Selection
Allows you to navigate though your directory structure to locate the
directory into which you want to save the print file.
File Format and Plot Size

The Crossplot window can be saved to any of 4 different file types.
The Log Tracks, Histogram, and 3D Crossplot can only be saved to
CGM-format files at this time.
The Plot Size is defaulted differently on each window so that the plot
will appear in the same perspective as on the screen.
Convert white features to black allows you to create a more readable
printed graphic if you are using a black background for the graphics
windows on your screen.
File Name Entry

This is the text box where you enter the name of the print file.
Action Buttons
OK saves the print file to the location that you specify, and closes the
window.
Filter filters the directory list on the basis of the text in the Filter text
box at the top of the window.
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Using the Print window to create a file for printing

Use the procedure below to create a file for printing.
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1.
Open the print window (for Crossplot, use the Print... button in the
Active Components frame of the Setup window. For Log Tracks,
Histograms, or 3D Crossplot, select File > Print... in the Main
Menu area of the respective graphics window.
2.
Select the location of the file by typing the directory name in the
Filter text box at the top of the window, then clicking the Filter
button at the bottom of the window, OR double-click on the
directory in the Directories window until you have reached the
directory that you want.
3.
Select the file format and plot size. The Plot Size default values
should produce a reasonable plot for many applications.
4.
If you have displayed the graphic with a black background,

clicking the Convert white features to black button will
generally produce a clearer printed document.
5.
In the Output File Name text box, type the name that you want to
use for the file at the right end of the directory path displayed in
the text box.
6.
Click OK to create the plot file and close the window.
149
Landmark
File Save and Load windows

There are three locations in Crossplot where you enter the file system
to store or load files:
Load User Overlay in Overlays: User Overlays
Save as New File... in the Save Current Crossplot

Configuration frame of the Configuration File tab.
Load Configuration File... in the Load Configuration File

frame of the Configuration File tab.
Directory and File

Directory Pathway
Directory and
File Access
Text Entry Box

Action Buttons
File Save and Load Window Components

Directory and Files
Create a new directory with Create Dir. The new directory is created in
the current directory.
Delete an existing file with Delete File. Select a file in the Files
window and click Delete File. The Delete File window will appear to
allow you to confirm the deletion.
Rename an existing file with Rename File. Select a file in the Files
window and click Rename File. The Rename File window will appear
to allow you to enter the new name for the file.
150
R2003.12.1
Visualization
Directory Pathway
This is a drop-down menu that allows you to move up in your directory
structure.
Directory and File Access

Allows you to navigate though your directory structure to locate the
directory that contains the file that you want.
Text Entry Box

Allows you to specify the name of the file that you want to save or load,
either by clicking on the file name in the Files list, or by typing the
name.
Action Buttons
OK performs the action and closes the window.
Using the File Save and Load window

Use the following procedure to move to the desired directory and save
or load a file.
R2003.12.1
1.
Click the Load... or Save... button on the tab to open the

UNIX window.
2.
Move to the directory in which you want to save the file, or from
which you want to load the file. You can move deeper in your
directory structure by double-clicking on the specific directory in
the Directories window. You can move shallower in your
directory structure by using the Directory Pathway button or by
double-clicking on the second entry ( ../) in the Directories
window to move up one directory level at a time.
3.
When you reach the desired directory, either pick a file name to
load and click OK, or enter the name of the file that you want to
create and click OK.
151
Landmark
Appendices
Appendix 1: Default Configuration Files
These Configuration files come with this version of PetroWorks, and
are located in $PWHOME/dat/crossplot. They are intended to help
you create common crossplots quickly and easily
Overlay Attributes
Curve Aliases are used to specify the curves in the crossplots.
Schlumberger overlays, for Compensated Neutron (CNL) and
Formation Density (FDC) logs are used, as these are the most common
logs available in existing wells.
The format of the configuration file names is as follows:
D.<name>.<suffix>
D = Default and is used to group the pre-built files together.
<name> gives an idea of the type of plot the configuration file

creates.
<suffix> shows the measurement system the configuration file is

intended to be used with.
CM for Canadian Metric
SPE for SPE Preferred
US for US Oil Field
If no suffix is present, the configuration file can be used for any
measurement system.
152
Crossplots: Appendices
R2003.12.1
Visualization
Configuration File Details

Template Name
z-axis
Measurement units which differ between template versions.

.CM
.SPE
.US
D.NeutDen.
Gamma_Ray
Kg/cm3
g/cm3
D.NeutSon.
Gamma_Ray
us/m
us/ft
D.SonDen.
Gamma_Ray
Kg/cm3 & us/m
g/cm3 & us/m
g/cm3 & us/ft
D.SpectralDens.
Gamma_Ray
Kg/cm3
g/cm3
g/cm3
D.RhoDtMID.
Gamma_Ray
Kg/cm3 & us/m
g/cm3 & us/m
g/cm3 & us/ft
D.RhoUMID.
Gamma_Ray
Kg/cm3
g/cm3
g/cm3
D.RhoDtUMID.
Matrix_Vol_Photo_U
Kg/cm3 & us/m
g/cm3 & us/m
g/cm3 & us/ft
DMNlith
Gamma_Ray
D.PickettPlot
Gamma_Ray
D.RwaGR
Porosity
Template Name
Z-Axis Curve
Plot Description
D.NeutDen.CM
D.NeutDen.SPE
D.NeutDen.US
Gamma_Ray
Neutron-Density crossplot (Neutron Porosity (referenced to

limestone porosity units) vs. Bulk Density). Estimates porosity
and lithology assuming a two-mineral system (limestonedolomite, limestone-sandstone, or dolomite-sandstone). Selected
mineral points can be added to the crossplot.
D.NeutSon.CM
D.NeutSon.SPE
D.NeutSon.US
Gamma_Ray
Neutron-Sonic crossplot (Neutron Porosity (referenced to

limestone porosity units) vs. Acoustic Wave Traveltime (Sonic
DT)). Estimates porosity and lithology assuming a two-mineral
system (limestone-dolomite, limestone-sandstone, or dolomitesandstone). Selected mineral points can be added to the crossplot.
D.SonDen.C
MD.SonDen.SPE
D.SonDen.US
Gamma_Ray
Sonic-Density crossplot (Acoustic Wave Traveltime (Sonic DT)

vs. Bulk Density). Of limited value for predicting lithology and
porosity because the lithology lines are very close together. Useful
for detecting radioactive reservoirs, as all reservoir lithologies will
plot along the lithology lines, and shales will plot away from those
lines, usually in the lower right quadrant of the crossplot. Selected
D.SpectralDens.CM Gamma_Ray
D.SpectralDens.SPE
D.SpectralDens.US
Bulk Density vs. Photoelectric Effect (Pe or PEF). Estimates

porosity and lithology assuming a two-mineral system (limestonedolomite, limestone-sandstone, or dolomite-sandstone). Selected
D.RhoDtMID.CM
D.RhoDtMID.SPE
D.RhoDtMID.US
Matrix IDentification (MID) plot (Apparent Matrix Density vs.

Apparent Matrix Traveltime). Indicates lithology in a system with
any three minerals which plot uniquely on the crossplot. Two
different user-defined mineral triangles, and selected mineral
points, can be added to the crossplot.
R2003.12.1
Gamma_Ray
153
Template Name
D.RhoUMID.CM
D.RhoUMID.SPE
D.RhoUMID.US
Z-Axis Curve
Gamma_Ray
Landmark
Plot Description
Matrix IDentification (MID) plot (Apparent Matrix Density vs.
Apparent Matrix Volumetric Cross Section). Indicates lithology in
a system with any three minerals which plot uniquely on the
crossplot. Two different user-defined mineral triangles, and
selected mineral points, can be added to the crossplot.
D.RhoDtUMID.CM Apparent Matrix

D.RhoDtUMID.SPE Volumetric Cross
D.RhoDtUMID.US section
(Matrix_Vol_Photo_U)
The Apparent Matrix Density vs. Apparent Matrix Traveltime

MID plot, with Apparent Matrix Volumetric Cross Section in the
Z-Axis. The ability to visualize all three apparent matrix
parameters in the same crossplot (2D or 3D plot) may be of
benefit in intervals of complex and varied lithology.
D.MNLith
Gamma_Ray
An older matrix identification (MID) plot using calculated

parameters. M is a function of acoustic wave traveltime (sonic)
and bulk density; N is a function of neutron porosity and bulk
density. Indicates lithology in a system with any three minerals
which plot uniquely on the crossplot. Two different user-defined
mineral triangles, and selected mineral points, can be added to the
crossplot. This plot is independent of the measurement system.
D.PickettPlot
Gamma_Ray
Pickett plots are graphical solutions of Archie's water saturation

equation. Water-bearing points form a line which trends upper left
to lower right on the crossplot. The intercept (at a porosity of 1.0
(100%)) of the line formed by these points is a*Rw (Tortuosity
Factor * Formation Water Resistivity). The slope of the line is the
negative inverse of the Cementation Exponent (-1/m). Points
which contain hydrocarbons plot above this water-bearing line,
with decreasing water saturation causing the points to move
farther from the line. This plot is independent of the measurement
system.
D.RwaGR
Porosity
This plot can be used to determine formation water resistivity.

Rwa (apparent water resistivity) is plotted against gamma ray. In a
formation (or group of formations) that contain both water and
hydrocarbons, three clusters of points can occur. The cluster at
high Rwa and low gamma ray indicates hydrocarbon-bearing
zones. The cluster at low Rwa and low gamma ray indicates
water-bearing zones. The value of Rwa from this zone is a good
estimate of formation water resistivity, Rw. The third cluster at
low Rwa and high gamma ray indicates shale or shaly intervals.
154
R2003.12.1
Visualization
Appendix 2: Crossplot Display Behavior

Interval/StratUnit selection
Point
Symbol
Point
Color
Strat Units
Total Well
WITH strat
Interval with
units selected NO strat units
selected
Total Well
Interval WITH
strat units
selected
Interval
Range with
NO strat units
selected
Interval
Range WITH
strat units
selected
Well
Well
Wells are shown

by symbol;
symbols are
colored by well.
Strat units are
not identified.
Only points in
the selected strat
units are plotted.
Wells are shown

by symbol;
symbols are
colored by well.
Strat units are
not identified.
All points in the
wells are plotted.
Wells are shown

by symbol;
symbols are
colored by well.
Strat units are
not identified.
All points in the
wells are plotted.
Wells are shown

by symbol;
symbols are
colored by well.
Strat units are
not identified.
All points in the
interval range
are plotted.
Wells are shown

by symbol;
symbols are
colored by well.
Strat units are
not identified.
All points in the
interval range
are plotted.
Well
Interval
Wells are shown

by symbol;
symbols are
colored by
StratUnit. Only
points in the
selected strat
units are plotted.
Wells are shown

by symbol; all
symbols are
gray. Strat units
are not
identified. All
points in the
wells are plotted.
Wells are shown

by symbol;
points in the strat
units are colored
by strat unit and
points outside
the strat units are
gray. All points
in the wells are
plotted.
Wells are shown

by symbol; all
symbols are
gray. Strat units
are not
identified. All
points in the
interval range
are plotted.
Wells are shown

by symbol;
points in the strat
units are colored
by strat unit and
points outside
the strat units are
gray. All points
in the interval
range are
plotted.
Well
Z-Axis
Wells are shown

by symbol;
symbols are
colored by zaxis. Strat units
are not
identified. Only
points in the
selected strat
units are plotted.
Wells are shown

by symbol;
symbols are
colored by z-axis
value. Strat units
are not
identified. All
points in the
wells are plotted.
Wells are shown

by symbol;
points are
colored by z-axis
value. Strat units
are not
identified. All
points in the
wells are plotted.
Wells are shown

by symbol;
symbols are
colored by z-axis
value. Strat units
are not
identified. All
points in the
interval range
are plotted.
Wells are shown

by symbol;
points are
colored by z-axis
value. Strat units
are not
identified. All
points in the
interval range
are plotted.
Interval
Well
Strat units are

shown by
symbol; symbols
are colored by
well. Only
points in the
selected strat
units are plotted.
All points are

plotted as +;
the common
symbol is
colored by well.
Strat units are
not identified.
All points in the
wells are plotted.
Strat units are

shown by
symbol; symbols
are colored by
well. Points
outside the strat
units are plotted
as + and
colored by well.
All points in the
wells are plotted.
All points are

plotted as +;
the common
symbol is
colored by well.
Strat units are
not identified.
All points in the
interval range
are plotted.
Strat units are

shown by
symbol; symbols
are colored by
well. Points
outside the strat
units are plotted
as + and
colored by well.
All points in the
interval range
are plotted.
R2003.12.1
155
Landmark
Interval/StratUnit selection
Point
Symbol
Point
Color
Strat Units
Total Well
WITH strat
Interval with
units selected NO strat units
selected
Total Well
Interval WITH
strat units
selected
Interval
Range with
NO strat units
selected
Interval
Range WITH
strat units
selected
Interval
Interval
Strat units are

shown by
symbol; symbols
are colored by
strat unit. Wells
are not
identified. Only
points in the
selected strat
units are plotted.
All points are

plotted as +;
all points are
gray. Strat units
and wells are not
identified. All
points in the
wells are plotted.
Strat units are

shown by
symbol; symbols
are colored by
stratunits. Points
outside the strat
units are shown
by gray +.
Wells are not
identified. All
points in the
wells are plotted.
All points are

plotted as +;
all points are
gray. Strat units
and wells are not
identified. All
points in the
interval range
are plotted.
Strat units are

shown by
symbol; symbols
are colored by
stratunits. Points
outside the strat
units are shown
by gray +.
Wells are not
identified. All
points in the
interval range
are plotted.
Interval
Z-Axis
Strat units are

shown by
symbol; symbols
are colored by zaxis. Wells are
not identified.
Only points in
the selected strat
units are plotted.
All points are

plotted as +;
points are
colored by z-axis
value. Strat units
and wells are not
identified. All
points in the
wells are plotted.
Strat units are

shown by
symbol; symbols
are colored by zaxis value.
Points outside
the strat units are
shown by +,
and are colored
by z-axis value.
Wells are not
identified. All
points in the
wells are plotted.
All points are

plotted as +;
points are
colored by z-axis
value. Strat units
and wells are not
identified. All
points in the
interval range
are plotted.
Strat units are

shown by
symbol; symbols
are colored by zaxis value.
Points outside
the strat units are
shown by +,
and are colored
by z-axis value.
Wells are not
identified. All
points in the
interval range
are plotted.
156
R2003.12.1
Visualization
Appendix 3: Acquisition Company Overlays

Neutron-Density Crossplot Chart Numbers (by company)
Baker Atlas (1985/1995)
Neutron tool type
fluid property
2420 CN
2435 CN
2446 CN
Sidewall
1.0 g/cm3 or 1000 kg/m3
6-56
6-58
6-60
6-62
1.1 g/cm3 or 1100 kg/m3
6-57
6-59
6-61
6-63
Baker Hughes INTEQ (2003)
Neutron tool type
fluid property
4.75in SDN
6.75in CCN
8.25in CCN
1.00 g/cm3 or 1000 kg/m3
24-3
24-7
24-11
1.05 g/cm3 or 1050 kg/m3
24-4
24-8
24-12
1.10 g/cm3 or 1100 kg/m3
24-5
24-9
24-13
1.15 g/cm3 or 1150 kg/m3
24-6
24-10
24-14
Precision Wireline
(Computalog) (2003)
Neutron tool type
Density Tool: fluid property
CN
SPeD: 1.0 g/cm3 or 1000 kg/m3
6-26
SPeD: 1.1 g/cm3 or 1100 kg/m3
6-27
Gearhart (1985)
Neutron tool type
fluid property
CNS
SNL
1.0 g/cm3 or 1000 kg/m3
CP-1
CP-3
1.1 g/cm3 or 1100 kg/m3
CP-2
CP-4
Halliburton (1997)
Neutron tool type (low Sigma capture unit lines)
fluid property
DSN-II
CNT-K
HDSN
DSEN
SNL
0.85 g/cm3 or 850 kg/m3
CPDSN-II -1a
CPCNT-K -1a
CPHDSN -1a
CPDSEN -1a
CPSNL -1a
1.0 g/cm3 or 1000 kg/m3
CPDSN-II -1b
CPCNT-K -1b
CPHDSN -1b
CPDSEN -1b
CPSNL -1b
1.15 g/cm3 or 1150 kg/m3
CPDSN-II -1c
CPCNT-K -1c
CPHDSN -1c
CPDSEN -1c
CPSNL -1c
PathFinder (2002)
Neutron tool type
fluid property
DNSC
1.0 g/cm3
POR-5
R2003.12.1
157
Landmark
Reeves (2000)
Neutron tool type
Density tool: fluid property
CNS
CNS
sandstone
Density: 1.0 g/cm3
LP-1
LP-3
Density: 1.19 g/cm3
LP-2
LP-4
MPD: 1.0 g/cm3
MPN
LPC-1
Schlumberger (1998)
Neutron tool type
SNP
CNL
NPHI curve
FDC: 1.0 g/cm3
CP-1a
CP-1c
FDC: 1.1 g/cm3
CP-1b
CP-1d
CNL
APS
TNPH curve APLC&FPLC
LithoDensity: 1.0 g/cm3
CP-1e
CP-1f
CP-1h
Schlumberger LWD (1998)
Neutron tool type
CDN
6.5-in tool
CDN
8-in tool
ADN
6.75-in tool
FDC: 1.0 g/cm3
CP-22
CP-23
CP-24
Sperry-Sun (1998)
Neutron tool type
fluid property
4-3/4in CTN
6-3/4in CN
8in CN
1.0 g/cm3
4-12
4-15
4-18
1.1 g/cm3
4-13
4-16
4-19
1.19 g/cm3
4-14
4-17
4-20
Tucker (2000)
Neutron tool type
fluid property
CNP
epithermal
1.0 g/cm3
(no number)
(no number)
1.1 g/cm3
(no number)
(no number)
Welex (1985)
158
CP-1f
Neutron tool type
fluid property
CDN
SWN
1.0 g/cm3
CP-2a
CP-3a
1.1 g/cm3
CP-2b
CP-3b
R2003.12.1
Visualization
Neutron-Sonic Crossplot Chart Numbers (by company)

Neutron tool type (Wyllie equation only)
fluid property
2420 CN
2435 CN
2446 CN
Sidewall
189 usec/ft or 620 usec/m
6-65
6-67
6-69
6-71
6-66
6-68
6-70
6-72
Neutron tool type
fluid property
6.75in
APX-CCN
8.25in
APX-CCN
189 usec/ft
24-15
24-17
215 usec/m
24-16
24-18
Precision Wireline
(Computalog) (2003)
Neutron tool type
fluid property
CN
189 us/ft
6-28
620 us/m
6-29
Gearhart (1985)
Neutron tool type (Wyllie only)
fluid property
CNS
SNL
189 usec/ft
CP-6
CP-7
Halliburton (1997)
Neutron tool type (Wyllie and Raymer-Hunt-Gardner)
fluid property
DSN-II
CNT-K
HDSN
DSEN
SNL
CPDSN-II -3
CPCNT-K -3
CPHDSN -3
CPDSEN -3
CPSNL -3
PathFinder (2002)
No charts are published.
Reeves (2000)
fluid property
CNS
LP-5
R2003.12.1
159
Landmark
Schlumberger (1998)
fluid property
SNP
CNL
NPHI curve
189 usec/ft
CP-2a
CP-2b
190 usec/ft
CNL
TNPH curve
CP-2c
620 usec/ft
CP-2am
CP-2bm
CP-2cm

Sperry-Sun (1998)
Tucker (2000)
Neutron tool type
fluid properties
CNP
(Wyllie)
189 usec/ft
(no number)
620 usec/m
(no number)
189 usec/ft
(no number)
Welex (1985)
160
CNP
(RHG)
fluid property
CDN
SWN
189 usec/ft
CP-4e
CP-5e
620 usec/m
CP-4m
CP-5m
R2003.12.1
Visualization
Sonic-Density Crossplot Chart Numbers (by company)

fluid properties
1.0 g/cm3 or 1000 kg/m3;
(Wyllie)
(no tool specified)
6-64

Precision Wireline
(Computalog) (2003)
(Wyllie)
fluid properties
SPeD
1.0 g/cm3; 189 us/ft
6-30
1000 g/cm3; 620 us/m
6-31
Gearhart (1985)
fluid properties
1.0 g/cm3; 189 usec/ft
(Wyllie)
(no tool specified)
CP-5
Halliburton (1997)
fluid properties
DSN-II
CNT-K
HDSN
DSEN
SNL
0.85 g/cm3 or 850 kg/m3;

CPDSN-II -2a
CPCNT-K -2a
CPHDSN -2a
CPDSEN -2a
CPSNL -2a
1.0 g/cm3 or 1000 kg/m3;

189 usec/ft or 620 usec.m
CPDSN-II -2b
CPCNT-K -2b
CPHDSN -2b
CPDSEN -2b
CPSNL -2b
1.15 g/cm3 or 1150 kg/m3;

CPDSN-II -2c
CPCNT-K -2c
CPHDSN -2c
CPDSEN -2c
CPSNL -2c
PathFinder (2002)
Reeves (2000)
fluid property
1.0 g/cm3 or 1000 kg/m3;
R2003.12.1
(Wyllie only)
(no tool specified)
LP-7
161
Visualization
Schlumberger (1998)
fluid property
(Wyllie and Raymer-Hunt-Gardner)

(no tool specified)
CP-7
1000 kg/m3; 620 usec/ft
CP-7m

Sperry-Sun (1998)
Tucker (2000)
fluid properties
(Wyllie)
CNP (RHG)
(no number)
1000 kg/m3; 620 usec/m
(no number)
1.0 g/m3; 189 usec/ft
(no number)
Welex (1985)
fluid properties
(Wyllie)
CP-1
R2003.12.1
162
Visualization
Spectral Density Crossplot Chart Numbers (by company)

fluid property
ZDL
1.0 g/cm3 or 1000 kg/m3
6-73
1.1 g/cm3 or 1100 kg/m3
6-74

Precision Wireline
(Computalog) (2003)
fluid property
SPeD
1.0 g/cm3
6-33
Gearhart (1985)
Halliburton (1997)
PathFinder (2002)
fluid property
1.0 g/cm3
(no tool specified)

POR-9a
Reeves (2000)
fluid property
(no tool specified)
1.0 g/cm3 or 1000 kg/m3
LPor-11
1.1 g/cm3 or 1100 kg/m3
LPor-12
Schlumberger (1998)
fluid property
(no tool specified)
1.0 g/cm3
CP-7
1000 kg/m3
CP-7m
R2003.12.1
163
Visualization
Sperry-Sun (1998)
fluid property
SLD
1.0 g/cm3
4-21
1.1 g/cm3
4-22
Tucker (2000)
fluid properties
(no tool specified)
1.0 g/cm3
(no number)
1.1 g/m3
(no number)

Welex (1985)
Sources of overlay charts

Atlas Wireline Services, 1985, Log Interpretation Charts: Atlas
Wireline Services, Houston Texas, Rev. 12/95. (Atlas Wireline Services
is now Baker Atlas, a division of Baker Hughes.)
Baker Hughes, 2003, LWD Chart Book, Rev. 06-2003; Baker Hughes
website.
Gearhart, 1985, Formation Evaluation Chart Book: Gearhart Industries,
Inc., Ft. Worth Texas. (Gearhart was acquired by Halliburton and
merged with Welex as Halliburton Logging Services.)
Halliburton, 1985, Welex Log Interpretation Charts; Halliburton
Company, Houston Texas. (Welex was merged with Gearhart to form
Halliburton Logging Services.)
Halliburton Energy Services, 1997, Log Interpretation Charts, EL1001
(10/97); Halliburton Energy Services, Houston Texas. (The well
logging division of Halliburton is the result of the merger of Gearhart
and Welex.)
R2003.12.1
164
Visualization
PathFinder Energy Services, 2002, LWD Interpretation Charts;

Pathfineder Energy Services, Houston Texas. (Data on CD.)
Precision Drilling Corporation, 2003, Precision Wireline Services Log
Interpretation Chart Book; Calgary Alberta Canada. Hardcopy and CD.
(Precision Wireline Services was previously Computalog.)
Reeves Wireline Services, 2000, Chartbook 2000, version 0003.01;
Reeves Oilfield Services Ltd, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United
Kingdom. (Data on CD) (Reeves was formerly known as BPB Wireline
Services.)
Schlumberger Wireline & Testing, 1998, Log Interpretation Charts;
Schlumberger Wireline & Testing, Sugar Land Texas. (Schlumberger
LWD was formerly known as Anadrill.)
Tucker Wireline Services, 2000, Log Interpretation Charts, v. 2.1;
Tucker Wireline Services Ltd., Calgary Alberta Canada. (Data was
taken from the Tucker website.)
R2003.12.1
165
Visualization
Appendix 4: Creating User Overlays

You can create CrossPlot overlay plots several ways. These include:
Digitizing overlays using commercial software such as NDS/

Map and saving as gnuplot ASCII files
Generating an ASCII file for import directly with a public domain

application such as gnuplot
Whatever method you use, the name of the file to be imported to

CrossPlot should include the .cot extension.
Digitizing Overlays Using NDS/Map

You can use a commercial digitizing program such as Neuralog
Digitizing System NDS/Map to digitize log charts, which you then
can save as overlays for use in CrossPlot.
The following procedure assumes you are familiar with the third-party
application NDS/Map.
The general process of digitizing overlays using this product is:
R2003.12.1
1.
Create a raster image of the chart you want to digitize.
2.
Create a new project in NDS/Map for the chart you want to

digitize.
3.
Associate the raster image of the chart to the NDS project.
4.
Determine if scale has to be converted from logarithmic to linear.

(Note that you will be able to display the plots in log scale within
CrossPlot.) For example, if the x axis has a scale of 1 to 1000, you
must convert this scale to linear. In this case, our scale set in
NDS/Map project is set to 1 to 4 where log (1) = 1 and log (1000)
= 4. (Note that because the application was designed to digitize
maps using a linear scale, you need to convert log to linear values
manually.)
5.
Set at least three calibration points for the chart. Typically, the
upper left corner of the chart, the lower left corner, and the lower
right corner are used as calibration points.
6.
Digitize each overlay line as a separate isopach line with

appropriate labels.
7.
Save your work.
166
Visualization
8.
Export isopach lines as Quickplot to invoke a gnuplot of the

digitized data. If the plot does not resemble the lines on the chart,
you probably have incorrectly defined the calibration points. Also
check to make sure the lines are not jagged. NDS/Map works in a
semi-automated mode to trace the line for digitizing using neural
network technology. The program is sensitive to lines that are
fuzzy and not well defined. If lines are jagged, return to digitizing
mode and clean up the points. The general rule of thumb for a
chart scanned at 600 dpi and occupying most of the page will have
an error of +/- 0.5%. A chart occupying half the page will have an
error of +/- 1.0%.
9.
If the Quickplot of the overlay is correct, export the data as NDS/

Map ASCII format.
10. Use NDS/Map to convert the ASCII data file of the overlay from
NDS/Map format to gnuplot ASCII format file.
Generating a Plot with Gnuplot for Display in CrossPlot

1.
If you do not already have the gnuplot application, load the

gnuplot executables, or put them on your path. Two gnuplot
executables are necessary for UNIX:
gnuplotthe main executable
gnuplot_x11the driver used to draw plots to an X11 popup
window.
You can download these from the internet site
http://www.gnuplot.org
The gnuplot frequently asked questions internet site is

http://www.ucc.ie/gnuplot/gnuplot-faq.html
R2003.12.1
167
2.
Visualization
Run gnuplot; for example:

dizzy:/home/dizzy/cwood/work/gnuplot>gnuplot
Terminal type set to x11
gnuplot> plot "5curves.cot"
gnuplot> exit
dizzy:/home/dizzy/cwood/work/gnuplot>
3.
Generate a plot with gnuplot.

The basic command in gnuplot to produce plots is plot. The plot
command is quite powerful. It can be given formulas such as:
sin(x)
x**2 + x + 4
sin(x) + cos(x) - 2*x**2
You can also plot several lines or files simultaneously, such as:
plot sin(x),cos(x),sin(x)+cos(x), 5curves.cot
Separate the desired formulas with commas. You can also give it a
file name containing a saved output file of coordinates. You can
set the x- and y-ranges for the plot using the gnuplot range
command (type help range at the gnuplot prompt).
4.
Once you have a plot, or set of plots, that you wish to see in
CrossPlot, enter the following commands in gnuplot; substitute
your own file name and list of plot commands (with optional
ranges):
gnuplot>
Terminal
gnuplot>
gnuplot>
set terminal table

type set to table
set output "new.cot"
plot sin(x), cos(x)
This sequence generates a text file new.cot containing

coordinates for the plots. The .cot suffix is the Landmarkdesignated default file suffix for a CrossPlot Overlay Template.
(This text file is readable and editable.)
5.
In the CrossPlot application, select File > Load Overlay

Template.
A file selection window appears. Use this to locate the file you just
created, and double-click on the file.
R2003.12.1
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Determining formation porosity and lithology. This is done by

Determining processing parameters, especially for the

Determining fluid saturation. This example is actually a graphical

Determining the relationship between two (or more) parameters by

generate log plots, histograms and 3D crossplots, with up to four

generate frequency crossplots in the crossplot main window which

filter unwanted data by any combination of discrimination by

display data from a well against a background of other wells in

display matrix (lithology) overlay lines from 12 wireline logging

display mineral triangles for Matrix IDentification (MID) plots

display up to 14 mineral points (including two user minerals) on

fit regression lines (first- through fifth-order polynomial and

determine gradient lines and gradient line intersections for up to

determine formation water resistivity, Rw, and cementation

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send wells, active points, selected points, cursor location, and

Select wells and intervals to plot.

Optionally select other Crossplot tools:

Optionally display Log Tracks, Histograms, and 3D Crossplots

Print Crossplot, Log Tracks, or Histograms

Save Display Parameters

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Opening and Closing Crossplot

Click one of the following buttons:

EXIT and SAVE Configuration if you want to see the current

EXIT and DO NOT SAVE Configuration if you do not want to

CANCEL and return to the application returns you to Crossplot

Running Multiple Crossplots Simultaneously

Another solution to this problem is to save a separate, and differently-named

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Workflows from a Software Perspective

Workflows from a Geoscience Perspective

Crossplots: How Do I...?

Guide to Crossplot Features

Wells and Intervals tab

Selecting Wells and Intervals

Crossplot: Data Display

Defining the Crossplot Data

Defining Plot Parameters

Other Plots: Log Tracks

Displaying Log Tracks

Other Plots: Histograms

Other Plots: Frequency

Creating a Frequency Crossplot

Other Plots: 3D Crossplot

Other Plots: Second

Displaying a Second Dimension

Overlays: Apparent Matrix

Displaying Apparent Matrix

Overlays: M-N Lithology

Displaying an M-N Lithology

Overlays: User Overlays

Displaying a User Overlay

Statistics: Regression and

Defining Regression Lines and

Determining Gradients and

Configuration File tab

Crossplots: How Do I...?

Defining and Using Configuration

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Crossplot Components and Behaviors